CN110214858A - Megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110214858A CN110214858A CN201910558573.9A CN201910558573A CN110214858A CN 110214858 A CN110214858 A CN 110214858A CN 201910558573 A CN201910558573 A CN 201910558573A CN 110214858 A CN110214858 A CN 110214858A
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- feed
- megalobrama amblycephala
- stress
- puffed
- bacillus subtilis
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded pellet diets, the raw material of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded pellet diet includes Honegsukle flower P.E, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide, and by the raw material gross weight of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded pellet diet be in terms of 100%, the weight percentage of the Honegsukle flower P.E is 0.3%~0.5%；The weight percentage of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1%~0.2%；The weight percentage of the fructooligosaccharide is 0.1%~0.2%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, relates to a megalobrama amblycephala puffed feed, and particularly relates to a megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Megalobrama amblycepHala (Megalobrama amblycepHala) belongs to Osteichthyes, Cyprinales, Cyprinidae, Parabramis amblycepHala and is one of the main freshwater aquaculture varieties in China. The megalobrama amblycephala has high growth speed, tender meat, delicious taste and high fat content, and is popular with breeders and consumers. At present, the nutrition requirements of megalobrama amblycephala protein, amino acid, fat, fatty acid, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin and the like are reported.
The megalobrama amblycephala has weak anti-stress capability due to small size, large body, small visceral mass and the like. In actual production, especially under intensive and high-density culture conditions, megalobrama amblycephala often faces various stress factors such as temperature, transportation, density, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, germs and the like, so that the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala is reduced, the fish body turns red and hair, the disease is high, the muscle quality is reduced, the culture benefit is influenced, and huge economic loss is brought to the freshwater aquaculture industry. In production, in order to prevent and treat pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and antibacterial drugs are widely used, which often causes the problems of drug residue, drug resistance enhancement, organism immunity reduction, micro-ecological imbalance, malformation and the like of fish bodies, causes the problems of environmental pollution, food safety and the like, and influences the healthy and sustainable development of aquaculture industry. However, the formula of the megalobrama amblycephala compound feed used in actual production is still based on the previous research and is not updated and optimized according to the latest research result. Traditional megalobrama amblycephala compound feed can lose in vitamin and amino acid processing process, causes the cultured fish body to be red and hairy or even bleed, and megalobrama amblycephala is easy to cause diseases in the culturing process and causes the death rate to rise in the net-pulling fishing and transportation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-stress expanded feed for megalobrama amblycephala and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing feed for the megalobrama amblycephala cannot effectively improve the poor anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala, so that the fish body turns red and hair, the disease is high, the muscle quality is reduced, and the death rate is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides an anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala, which comprises honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide, wherein the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.3-0.5 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials of the anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala, wherein the bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.2%; the weight percentage content of the fructo-oligosaccharide is 0.1-0.2%.
Preferably, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight, based on 100% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed:
preferably, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35-0.45% by weight; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
Preferably, the particle size of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed is 1.5-2 mm.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed, which comprises the following steps:
providing raw material components according to the formula of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed;
carrying out primary crushing treatment on vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, semi-defatted fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, fish multivitamin, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide, and then stirring and mixing; obtaining a first mixed material; crushing the first mixed material for the second time, and passing through a 60-mesh screen; mixing the sieved first mixed material with a concentrated fish material, calcium dihydrogen carbonate and soybean oil, crushing for the third time, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to collect a second mixture;
preparing the second mixture in a water vapor environment at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and then preparing the prepared mixed material into a pellet feed primary material by an extrusion and expansion granulator at the temperature of 90-95 ℃;
after the primary feed of the granulated feed is cooled and dried, spraying the special complex enzyme for the aquatic product, lysine, methionine, honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide onto the surface of feed granules by adopting a vacuum spraying technology; then, vacuumizing to ensure that the special complex enzyme, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract for the aquatic products enter the interior of the primary feed of the granulated feed under the action of atmospheric pressure; drying and cooling.
Preferably, the second crushing is realized by adopting a crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-500 r/m; the third time of crushing is realized by adopting an ultrafine crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-500 r/m.
Preferably, in the step of mixing the sieved first mixed material with the concentrated fish material and the calcium bicarbonate soybean oil, the mixing is realized by a mixer, and the feeding speed of the mixer is 16-20 rpm.
Preferably, the particle size of the particle feed primary material is 1.5-2.0 mm.
Preferably, in the step of spraying the complex enzyme, the lysine, the methionine and the honeysuckle extract special for the aquatic products onto the surfaces of the feed particles by adopting a vacuum spraying technology, the complex enzyme, the lysine, the methionine and the honeysuckle extract special for the aquatic products are sprayed onto the surfaces of the feed particles by adopting a roller type liquid spraying machine.
Preferably, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35-0.45 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, which is 100 wt%; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
The anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala provided by the invention contains honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide. Wherein,
the honeysuckle extract is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, and the anti-stress effect of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed is improved. Meanwhile, the honeysuckle extract has the functions of resisting bacteria, enhancing the immune function and inhibiting the synthesis of drug-resistant mycoprotein, so that after the honeysuckle extract is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, the anti-stress capability and the non-specific immunity of the megalobrama amblycephala can be obviously improved, and the use of antibiotics is reduced.
The bacillus subtilis is added into the stress-resistant puffed feed for the megalobrama amblycephala, so that the stress-resistant puffed feed has a strong inhibiting effect on harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli and baculovirus in the megalobrama amblycephala, effectively prevents diseases such as enteritis and gill rot of the megalobrama amblycephala, and improves the stress resistance. In addition, chitinase secreted by the bacillus subtilis can decompose cell walls of fungi so as to play a role in inhibiting, decompose toxic and harmful substances in the pond and purify water; the problem of turbid water quality caused by the flooding of harmful blue-green algae is solved, the digestion of nutrients in the feed is promoted, and the development of immune organs of the megalobrama amblycephala is stimulated.
The fructooligosaccharide is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, so that the intestinal tract microbial system balance of the megalobrama amblycephala can be adjusted, the gastrointestinal function is improved, harmful bacteria are inhibited, the intestinal tract microbial balance of animals is adjusted, and the immunity of the animal organism is enhanced.
Honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide are added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed at the same time, and the honeysuckle extract, the bacillus subtilis and the fructo-oligosaccharide are mutually cooperated, so that the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala can be obviously improved. Specifically, the honeysuckle extract can inhibit the proliferation of bacteria such as typhoid bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordetella pertussis, cholera bacillus, pneumococcus and the like, and indirectly provides more available nutrition and better living environment for bacillus subtilis by inhibiting the proliferation of other bacteria. Chlorogenic acid is one of main active ingredients of the honeysuckle extract, is acidic, can reduce the pH value of intestinal tracts, and bacillus subtilis grows vigorously in weak acid and neutral environments, so that conditions are further created for growth and proliferation of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus subtilis is favorable for fully inhibiting harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli and baculovirus in megalobrama amblycephala, and diseases such as enteritis, gill rot and the like of the megalobrama amblycephala are effectively prevented. The fructo-oligosaccharide is similar to the receptor structure of pathogenic bacteria on the intestinal tract, can be combined with the D-like substances on the surfaces of the pathogenic bacteria, so that the pathogenic bacteria cannot be adsorbed on the intestinal tract wall, and cannot utilize the fructo-oligosaccharide (the pathogenic bacteria can lose pathogenicity after being combined with the fructo-oligosaccharide), thereby competitively inhibiting the proliferation of the pathogenic bacteria and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as intestinal bifidobacteria. After the fructooligosaccharide is combined with bacillus, the growth performance of cultured animals can be further improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase are improved, the content of serum malondialdehyde is reduced, a partial or complete anti-effect can be achieved, and the fructooligosaccharide has great significance for guaranteeing the quality safety of megalobrama amblycephala cultured products.
In conclusion, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed provided by the invention is comprehensive and rich in nutrition, can obviously improve the anti-stress capability and the disease resistance of the megalobrama amblycephala, does not need to take biological drugs, and the produced fish product is pollution-free green and environment-friendly food. In addition, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed has good water body stability, can obviously improve the utilization of the feed by fish bodies, reduces the feed waste and the discharge of metabolic wastes in aquaculture water, and reduces the pollution to the water body environment.
The preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed provided by the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, before the raw materials enter the bulking machine, a step-by-step screening process is adopted, so that the stability of the feed is improved. Tests prove that the produced megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed can be stabilized in water for more than 10 hours, and the megalobrama amblycephala feed of common hard pellet feed has the water stabilization time of about 2 hours and is easy to decompose in water. And the water body is over-nourished due to the too fast decomposition of the feed, and the over-nourished water environment is not beneficial to the growth of the megalobrama amblycephala.
Secondly, the mixed material is subjected to puffing processing treatment in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, so that the absorption and utilization rate of vegetable protein can be improved, and the problem of feed production cost caused by the addition of a large amount of animal protein in the traditional megalobrama amblycephala feed is solved. In addition, the starch gelatinization degree of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed prepared by the method is increased, and the content of some anti-nutritional factors is reduced. The whole course puffed feed, the whole course hard pellet feed and the interval feeding of the puffed feed and the hard pellet feed are compared, and the test result shows that: under the same nutritional formula, the puffed feed can increase the intestinal digestive enzyme activity of the megalobrama amblycephala and enhance the digestive utilization capacity of the megalobrama amblycephala on the feed. Meanwhile, the floating expanded feed floats on the water surface, so that the feeding can be stopped in time according to the feeding condition of the cultured megalobrama amblycephala, and the waste of the feed and the pollution of the water body caused by the fact that the feed which is not ingested by the megalobrama amblycephala is soaked in the water are avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The embodiment of the invention provides a megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, which comprises the raw materials of a honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide, wherein the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed by taking 100 percent of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.2%; the weight percentage content of the fructo-oligosaccharide is 0.1-0.2%.
The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed provided by the embodiment of the invention contains honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide. Wherein,
the honeysuckle extract is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, and the anti-stress effect of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed is improved. Meanwhile, the honeysuckle extract has the functions of resisting bacteria, enhancing the immune function and inhibiting the synthesis of drug-resistant mycoprotein, so that after the honeysuckle extract is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, the anti-stress capability and the non-specific immunity of the megalobrama amblycephala can be obviously improved, and the use of antibiotics is reduced.
The bacillus subtilis is added into the stress-resistant puffed feed for the megalobrama amblycephala, so that the stress-resistant puffed feed has a strong inhibiting effect on harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli and baculovirus in the megalobrama amblycephala, effectively prevents diseases such as enteritis and gill rot of the megalobrama amblycephala, and improves the stress resistance. In addition, chitinase secreted by the bacillus subtilis can decompose cell walls of fungi so as to play a role in inhibiting, decompose toxic and harmful substances in the pond and purify water; the problem of turbid water quality caused by the flooding of harmful blue-green algae is solved, the digestion of nutrients in the feed is promoted, and the development of immune organs of the megalobrama amblycephala is stimulated.
The fructooligosaccharide is added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, so that the intestinal tract microbial system balance of the megalobrama amblycephala can be adjusted, the gastrointestinal function is improved, harmful bacteria are inhibited, the intestinal tract microbial balance of animals is adjusted, and the immunity of the animal organism is enhanced.
Honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide are added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed at the same time, and the honeysuckle extract, the bacillus subtilis and the fructo-oligosaccharide are mutually cooperated, so that the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala can be obviously improved. Specifically, the honeysuckle extract can inhibit the proliferation of bacteria such as typhoid bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordetella pertussis, cholera bacillus, pneumococcus and the like, and indirectly provides more available nutrition and better living environment for bacillus subtilis by inhibiting the proliferation of other bacteria. Chlorogenic acid is one of main active ingredients of the honeysuckle extract, is acidic, can reduce the pH value of intestinal tracts, and bacillus subtilis grows vigorously in weak acid and neutral environments, so that conditions are further created for growth and proliferation of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus subtilis is favorable for fully inhibiting harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli and baculovirus in megalobrama amblycephala, and diseases such as enteritis, gill rot and the like of the megalobrama amblycephala are effectively prevented. The fructo-oligosaccharide is similar to the receptor structure of pathogenic bacteria on the intestinal tract, can be combined with the D-like substances on the surfaces of the pathogenic bacteria, so that the pathogenic bacteria cannot be adsorbed on the intestinal tract wall, and cannot utilize the fructo-oligosaccharide (the pathogenic bacteria can lose pathogenicity after being combined with the fructo-oligosaccharide), thereby competitively inhibiting the proliferation of the pathogenic bacteria and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as intestinal bifidobacteria. After the fructooligosaccharide is combined with bacillus, the growth performance of cultured animals can be further improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase are improved, the content of serum malondialdehyde is reduced, a partial or complete anti-effect can be achieved, and the fructooligosaccharide has great significance for guaranteeing the quality safety of megalobrama amblycephala cultured products.
In conclusion, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed provided by the embodiment of the invention has comprehensive and rich nutrition, can obviously improve the anti-stress capability and the disease resistance of the megalobrama amblycephala, does not need to take anti-biological drugs, and the produced fish product is pollution-free green and environment-friendly food. In addition, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed has good water body stability, can obviously improve the utilization of the feed by fish bodies, reduces the feed waste and the discharge of metabolic wastes in aquaculture water, and reduces the pollution to the water body environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of anti-stress regulators are added into the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed. Further, the anti-stress regulator is honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide.
The honeysuckle extract contains organic acids, volatile oil, brass and glycosides thereof and a plurality of trace elements, and can improve the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala, improve the growth performance of the megalobrama amblycephala, enhance the immunity and disease resistance of animals and reduce the morbidity and mortality. More importantly, the honeysuckle extract can effectively inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as typhoid bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bordetella pertussis, cholera bacillus, pneumococcus and the like, prevent and treat fish inflammation, inhibit the synthesis of drug-resistant bacteria protein and improve the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala. Meanwhile, more available nutrition and better living environment are indirectly provided for the growth of the bacillus subtilis by inhibiting other fungi. In addition, chlorogenic acid is one of main active ingredients of the honeysuckle extract, is acidic and can reduce the pH value of intestinal tracts, and the bacillus subtilis grows vigorously in a weakly acidic and neutral environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.3-0.5 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, which is 100 wt%. If the content of the honeysuckle extract is too low, namely the weight percentage of the honeysuckle extract is lower than 0.3%, the threshold value which can not play a role is not reached; if the content of the honeysuckle extract is too high, waste is caused, and if too much honeysuckle extract is added, the honeysuckle extract has antibacterial capacity, so that the growth of bacillus subtilis in the formula is influenced.
The bacillus subtilis is one of the important components of the anti-stress expanded feed for the megalobrama amblycephala. During the growth process of the bacillus subtilis, active substances such as subtilin, polymyxin, gramicidin and the like are generated, and the substances can play a role in inhibiting conditioned pathogens of living endogenous infection of the pathogens; meanwhile, the bacillus subtilis can consume free oxygen, reduce the oxygen content of intestinal tracts, promote the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria, generate organic acid, reduce the pH value of the intestinal tracts, indirectly inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria, effectively prevent the enteritis, gill rot and other diseases of the megalobrama amblycephala, and improve the anti-stress capability. In addition, chitinase secreted by the bacillus subtilis can decompose cell walls of fungi so as to play a role in inhibiting, decompose toxic and harmful substances in the pond and purify water; the problem of turbid water quality caused by the flooding of harmful blue-green algae is solved, the digestion of nutrients in the feed is promoted, the development of immune organs of the megalobrama amblycephala is stimulated, and the immune capacity of the megalobrama amblycephala is further improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed is 100%, and the weight percentage of the bacillus subtilis is 0.3% -0.5%. If the content of the bacillus subtilis is too high, namely the weight percentage of the bacillus subtilis is higher than 0.5%, on one hand, the bacillus subtilis excessively consumes oxygen in a water body along with the feed entering the water body, so that the megalobrama amblycephala is anoxic; on the other hand, excessive addition of bacillus subtilis can inhibit the growth of young megalobrama amblycephala. If the content of the bacillus subtilis is too low, the weight percentage of the bacillus subtilis is lower than 0.3 percent, and the effect cannot be achieved.
The fructo-oligosaccharide is used as a necessary component of the stress-resistant expanded feed for the megalobrama amblycephala, generates organic acid in the megalobrama amblycephala, reduces the pH of intestinal tracts, generates bacteriocin, hydrogen peroxide and the like for inhibiting harmful bacteria to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and can synthesize protein, B vitamins and vitamin K.
In the embodiment of the invention, the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed is 100%, and the weight percentage of the fructooligosaccharide is 0.3% -0.5%. If the content of the fructo-oligosaccharide is too high, namely the weight percentage of the fructo-oligosaccharide is higher than 0.5 percent, the production cost of the feed is obviously increased, and the content of 0.3 to 0.5 percent has good effect when being matched with other additives of the feed. If the content of the fructooligosaccharide is too low, the content of the fructooligosaccharide is less than 0.3 percent by weight, and the effect is not good enough.
In the embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract, the bacillus subtilis and the fructooligosaccharide added into the anti-stress puffed feed for the megalobrama amblycephala can respectively play the roles, prevent diseases such as enteritis, gill rot and the like of the megalobrama amblycephala, improve the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala, reduce the death rate, improve the nutrition and purify the water quality. More importantly, the three components have synergistic effect, so that the anti-stress capability of the megalobrama amblycephala is obviously improved. Specifically, the honeysuckle extract indirectly provides more available nutrition and better living environment for the bacillus subtilis by inhibiting the proliferation of other fungi; meanwhile, chlorogenic acid serving as a main active ingredient of the honeysuckle extract provides a deliberate weak acid environment for the growth of the bacillus subtilis, conditions are further created for the growth and proliferation of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus subtilis is favorable for fully inhibiting harmful microorganisms such as vibrio, escherichia coli and baculovirus in the megalobrama amblycephala, and diseases such as enteritis and gill rot of the megalobrama amblycephala are effectively prevented. The fructo-oligosaccharide is similar to the receptor structure of pathogenic bacteria on the intestinal tract, can be combined with the D-like substances on the surfaces of the pathogenic bacteria, so that the pathogenic bacteria cannot be adsorbed on the intestinal tract wall, and cannot utilize the fructo-oligosaccharide (the pathogenic bacteria can lose pathogenicity after being combined with the fructo-oligosaccharide), thereby competitively inhibiting the proliferation of the pathogenic bacteria and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as intestinal bifidobacteria. After the fructooligosaccharide is combined with bacillus, the growth performance of cultured animals can be further improved, the feed coefficient is reduced, the activities of serum glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase are improved, the content of serum malondialdehyde is reduced, a partial or complete anti-effect can be achieved, and the fructooligosaccharide has great significance for guaranteeing the quality safety of megalobrama amblycephala cultured products.
In order to fully exert the synergistic effect, in the embodiment of the invention, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.3-0.5% by weight of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, which is 100%; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.2%; the weight percentage content of the fructo-oligosaccharide is 0.1-0.2%.
Further preferably, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35-0.45% by weight; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed further comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight, based on 100% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed:
in the formula, the vinasse protein, the cottonseed meal, the rapeseed meal, the semi-defatted fish meal, the chicken meal, the soybean and the soybean meal are mainly used for providing protein; wheat and rice bran are used for providing energy; the concentrated feed for fish is used for reducing the batching time and reducing the feed cost; soybean oil is the oil source; the shrimp paste mainly plays a role in food calling; the utilization rate of the fish on saccharides such as starch is not high, and lysine and methionine are used for providing essential amino acid and promoting the growth of the fish; universal multivitamins are used to provide multivitamins; vitamin C is partially lost in the puffing process, so that vitamin C phosphate with better stability is added to supplement the vitamin C in the embodiment of the invention; the special complex enzyme for the aquatic products mainly plays roles in improving gastrointestinal functions, promoting absorption and increasing yield, and is economical and convenient to use.
In the embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed is 1.5-2 mm. At the moment, the expanded feed has smaller grain diameter, is suitable for eating megalobrama amblycephala with smaller mouth part relative to fishes with the same volume, and is favorable for digestion and absorption. As the most preferred embodiment, the particle size of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed is 1.5 mm.
The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed provided by the embodiment of the invention can obviously improve the palatability of the feed, promote the ingestion of the megalobrama amblycephala, reduce the feed waste, improve the production performance and reduce the water pollution. In addition, the anti-stress capacity, the non-specific immune function and the disease resistance of the megalobrama amblycephala can be obviously improved, and the healthy growth of the megalobrama amblycephala can be promoted. Therefore, the puffed feed does not need any biological medicine, and the cultured fish is pollution-free green and environment-friendly food, so that the food safety of people is powerfully guaranteed.
The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed provided by the embodiment of the invention can be prepared by the following method.
The traditional compound feed for megalobrama amblycephala is hard pellet feed, the feed has low digestibility and poor water stability, and feed waste and standard exceeding of waste discharge are easily caused in the using process, so that the feed waste and the pollution to aquaculture water are caused. In view of this,
on the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed, which comprises the following steps:
s01, providing raw material components according to the formula of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed;
s02, carrying out primary crushing treatment on vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, semi-defatted fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, multivitamin for fish, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide, and then stirring and mixing; obtaining a first mixed material; crushing the first mixed material for the second time, and passing through a 60-mesh screen; mixing the sieved first mixed material with a concentrated fish material, calcium dihydrogen carbonate and soybean oil, crushing for the third time, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to collect a second mixture;
s03, preparing the second mixture in a water vapor environment at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and then preparing the prepared mixed material into a pellet feed primary material through an extrusion and expansion granulator at the temperature of 90-95 ℃;
s04, after cooling and drying the primary feed of the pellet feed, spraying the special complex enzyme for the aquatic products, lysine, methionine, honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide onto the surface of the pellet feed by adopting a vacuum spraying technology; then, vacuumizing to ensure that the special complex enzyme, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract for the aquatic products enter the interior of the primary feed of the granulated feed under the action of atmospheric pressure; drying and cooling.
The preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, before the raw materials enter the bulking machine, a step-by-step screening process is adopted, so that the stability of the feed is improved. Tests prove that the produced megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed can be stabilized in water for more than 10 hours, and the megalobrama amblycephala feed of common hard pellet feed has the water stabilization time of about 2 hours and is easy to decompose in water. And the water body is over-nourished due to the too fast decomposition of the feed, and the over-nourished water environment is not beneficial to the growth of the megalobrama amblycephala.
Secondly, the mixed material is subjected to puffing processing treatment in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, so that the absorption and utilization rate of vegetable protein can be improved, and the problem of feed production cost caused by the addition of a large amount of animal protein in the traditional megalobrama amblycephala feed is solved. In addition, the starch gelatinization degree of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed prepared by the method is increased, and the content of some anti-nutritional factors is reduced. The whole course puffed feed, the whole course hard pellet feed and the interval feeding of the puffed feed and the hard pellet feed are compared, and the test result shows that: under the same nutritional formula, the puffed feed can increase the intestinal digestive enzyme activity of the megalobrama amblycephala and enhance the digestive utilization capacity of the megalobrama amblycephala on the feed. Meanwhile, the floating expanded feed floats on the water surface, so that the feeding can be stopped in time according to the feeding condition of the cultured megalobrama amblycephala, and the waste of the feed and the pollution of the water body caused by the fact that the feed which is not ingested by the megalobrama amblycephala is soaked in the water are avoided.
Specifically, in step S01, the formula of the stress-resistant puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala comprises a honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis, fructo-oligosaccharide, distillers' grain protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, semi-defatted fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, fish concentrate, rice bran, soybean, monocalcium carbonate, shrimp paste, soybean oil, lysine, methionine, universal multivitamins, vitamin C phosphate, and special complex enzyme for aquatic products. The contents of the above-mentioned raw materials and their preferred cases are as described above, and they will not be described herein again for the sake of brevity.
In the step S02, the distillers' grains protein, the wheat, the cottonseed meal, the rapeseed meal, the semi-defatted fish meal, the chicken meal, the soybean meal, the rice bran, the soybeans, the shrimp paste, the fish multivitamins, the vitamin C phosphate, the bacillus subtilis and the fructo-oligosaccharide are subjected to primary crushing treatment, and the primary crushing treatment is performed on the raw materials to facilitate the premixing of the raw materials. The first pulverization treatment may be performed by a pulverizer.
And (3) crushing the first mixed material for the second time, and passing through a 60-mesh screen. And removing the raw material blocks with larger particle sizes in the first mixed material through secondary crushing and sieving. Further, the first mixture after sieving was mixed with a concentrated fish feed, calcium bicarbonate and soybean oil, and then pulverized for the third time, and passed through a 80-mesh sieve to collect a second mixture. In the embodiment of the invention, the step-by-step screening process is adopted before the raw materials enter the bulking machine, so that the stability of the feed is improved. Tests prove that the produced megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed can be stabilized in water for more than 10 hours, and the megalobrama amblycephala feed of common hard pellet feed has the water stabilization time of about 2 hours and is easy to decompose in water. And the water body is over-nourished due to the too fast decomposition of the feed, and the over-nourished water environment is not beneficial to the growth of the megalobrama amblycephala.
In a preferred embodiment, the second crushing is realized by a crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-500 rpm; the third time of crushing is realized by adopting an ultrafine crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-500 r/m. The crushed material obtained by the method has uniform granularity and excellent stability after being subjected to bulking treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step of mixing the first mixed material after sieving with the fish concentrate, the calcium bicarbonate and the soybean oil, the mixing is realized by a mixer, and the feeding speed of the mixer is 16-20 rpm. Because the materials are more in types and the attribute difference of various materials is increased in the mixing process, the raw material components are not damaged in the mixing treatment under the condition, the materials with different neutral properties are prevented from agglomerating in the stirring process, and the uniform dispersion of the raw materials is realized.
In step S03, the second mixture is conditioned in a steam environment at a temperature of 90 to 95 ℃ in preparation for high temperature puffing. Then the prepared mixed material is made into the primary feed of the pellet feed by an extrusion and expansion granulator under the temperature of 90-95 ℃. The absorption and utilization rate of the vegetable protein in the raw materials is increased in the high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the puffing processing, the problem of high feed production cost caused by the fact that a large amount of animal protein needs to be added into the traditional aquatic feed is solved, the starch gelatinization degree of the obtained feed is increased, and the content of some anti-nutritional factors is reduced. Through comparison, the test results of whole-course puffed feed, whole-course hard pellet feed and interval feeding of the puffed feed and the hard pellet feed show that under the same nutrition formula, the puffed feed can increase the intestinal digestive enzyme activity of the megalobrama amblycephala and enhance the digestive utilization capacity of the megalobrama amblycephala to the feed.
Consider that the mouth of a megalobrama amblycephala is smaller than that of a fish of the same volume, and the smaller particle size is favorable for digestion and absorption. Preferably, the particle size of the particle feed primary material is 1.5-2.0 mm.
Preferably, in the step of spraying the complex enzyme, the lysine, the methionine and the honeysuckle extract special for the aquatic products onto the surfaces of the feed particles by adopting a vacuum spraying technology, the complex enzyme, the lysine, the methionine and the honeysuckle extract special for the aquatic products are sprayed onto the surfaces of the feed particles by adopting a roller type liquid spraying machine.
In step S04, the pellet feed is cooled and dried, preferably in a horizontal dryer. The drying is carried out in a horizontal dryer, the drying speed is high, the efficiency is high, the drying uniformity is high, and material blockage is not easy to occur. Because the steps involve high-temperature and high-pressure operation, the thermosensitive substance special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract are not synchronously treated along with the mixed materials. In the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum spraying technology is adopted to spray the special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract onto the surface of the feed particles. After vacuum-pumping treatment, the special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract enter the interior of the primary feed of the granulated feed under the action of atmospheric pressure, and the uniform dispersion of active ingredients in the puffed feed is promoted. Preferably, the heat-sensitive substances such as the complex enzyme, the amino acid, the bacillus subtilis and the like special for the aquatic products are not puffed at high temperature and high pressure, and enter the feed particles by using a roller type liquid spraying machine in a spraying mode under a vacuum environment and by using atmospheric pressure after the puffed feed particles are dried by the drying machine.
In some embodiments, the complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine, and flos Lonicerae extract can be prepared into mixed liquid solution, and sprayed onto the surface of feed granule. In other embodiments, one or more of the complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and flos Lonicerae extract can be prepared into liquid solution, and sprayed onto the surface of feed granule.
It should be noted that the liquid spray of the present embodiment is arranged after the drying process because the expanded feed pellets passing through the dryer are warmer on their surface (but not so much as to affect the heat sensitive material) and facilitate penetration of the heat sensitive material into the chamber. If the heat-sensitive material is sprayed before drying, the surface of the expanded feed pellets becomes wet, which can result in the heat-sensitive material adhering to the pellet surface and entering the interior of the feed pellets in insufficient quantities. Preferably, the addition amount of the special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract is slightly more than about 5% of the formula amount.
Preferably, the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35-0.45 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, which is 100 wt%; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
And finally, drying the dried expanded feed and then cooling. Preferably, the dried expanded feed is cooled to room temperature in a pendulum cooler for packaging, so that the cracking of feed particles which are not uniformly cooled is avoided.
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
An anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala comprises the following raw materials: 6.0kg of distillers' grains protein DDGS, 21.7kg of wheat, 5.0kg of cottonseed meal, 8.0kg of rapeseed meal, 2.0kg of domestic semi-defatted fish meal, 3.0kg of chicken meal, 24.0kg of soybean meal, 2.0kg of fish concentrate, 8.0kg of rice bran, 12.0kg of soybean, 2.6kg of monocalcium carbonate, 2.0kg of shrimp paste, 2.5kg of soybean oil, 0.3kg of lysine, 0.1kg of methionine, 0.15kg of universal multi-vitamin, 0.03kg of vitamin C phosphate, 0.02kg of special complex enzyme for aquatic products, 0.4kg of honeysuckle extract, 0.1kg of bacillus subtilis and 0.1kg of fructooligosaccharide.
The preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of crushing vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, multivitamin for fish, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide by a crusher, and then putting the crushed materials into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Secondly crushing the mixed coarse materials by a crusher, and passing the crushed materials through a 60-mesh screen; mixing with fish concentrated material, calcium bicarbonate and soybean oil in a mixer to obtain mixed material; crushing speed of the crusher: 400 revolutions per minute; feeding speed of a mixer: 16 rpm. Crushing the mixed material by an ultrafine crusher, and passing the crushed material through a 80-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the ultrafine crusher: 400 rpm.
The kibbling mixed material immigration modulator of superfine pulverizer, let in 90 ℃ steam to the mixed material and modulate 5 minutes, then will get into the extrusion granulator at 90 ℃ temperature through the mixed material of modulation and make the fodder granule, consider that the mouth of megalobrama amblycephala is less than the fish of same volume, and less particle diameter is favorable to the digestion absorption, the most suitable granule particle diameter of fodder: 1.5 mm.
Feeding the expanded feed particles into vacuum post-spraying equipment, and spraying the special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and the honeysuckle extract thermosensitive material onto the surfaces of the feed particles. The vacuum is then drawn off, allowing the material to enter the interior of the feed pellets under the influence of atmospheric pressure. Cooling and drying the expanded pellet feed in a dryer. And cooling the dried expanded feed to about room temperature in a cooler and packaging.
Example 2
An anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala comprises the following raw materials: 5.5kg distillers' grains protein DDGS, 22.2kg wheat, 5.5kg cottonseed meal, 7.5kg rapeseed meal, 2.0kg domestic semi-defatted fish meal, 3.0kg chicken meal, 25.0kg soybean meal, 2.0kg fish concentrate, 7.0kg rice bran, 11.5kg soybean, 3.0kg calcium dihydrogen carbonate, 2.1kg shrimp paste, 2.5kg soybean oil, 0.3kg lysine, 0.1kg methionine, 0.15kg universal multi-vitamin, 0.03kg vitamin C phosphate, 0.02kg special complex enzyme for aquatic products, 0.4kg honeysuckle extract, 0.1kg bacillus subtilis and 0.1kg fructooligosaccharide.
The preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of crushing vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, multivitamin for fish, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide by a crusher, and then putting the crushed materials into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Secondly crushing the mixed coarse materials by a crusher, and passing the crushed materials through a 60-mesh screen; mixing with fish concentrated material, calcium bicarbonate and soybean oil in a mixer to obtain mixed material; crushing speed of the crusher: 450 rpm; feeding speed of a mixer: 18 revolutions per minute; crushing the mixed material by an ultrafine crusher, and passing the crushed material through a 80-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the ultrafine crusher: 450 rpm.
The kibbling mixed material immigration modulator of superfine pulverizer, let in 92 ℃ steam to the mixed material and modulate 5 minutes, then will get into the extrusion granulator at 92 ℃ temperature through the mixed material of modulation and make the fodder granule, consider that the mouth of megalobrama amblycephala is less than the fish of the same volume, and less particle diameter is favorable to the digestion absorption, the most suitable granule particle diameter of fodder: 1.5 mm.
Feeding the puffed feed particles into a vacuum post-spraying device, and spraying the thermosensitive materials such as the special complex enzyme for the aquatic products, the lysine, the methionine, the honeysuckle extract and the like onto the surfaces of the feed particles. Then, vacuumizing to ensure that the materials enter the interior of the feed particles under the action of atmospheric pressure; cooling and drying the expanded pellet feed in a dryer; and cooling the dried expanded feed to about room temperature in a cooler and packaging.
Example 3
An anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala comprises the following raw materials: 6.5kg distillers' grains protein DDGS, 21.7kg wheat, 6.0kg cottonseed meal, 6.5kg rapeseed meal, 2.5kg domestic semi-defatted fish meal, 2.5kg chicken meal, 24.0kg soybean meal, 1.8kg fish concentrate, 7.0kg rice bran, 13.2kg soybean, 2.6kg calcium bicarbonate, 2.2kg shrimp paste, 2.7kg soybean oil, 0.3kg lysine, 0.1kg methionine, 0.15kg universal multi-vitamin, 0.03kg vitamin C phosphate, 0.02kg special complex enzyme for aquatic products, 0.4kg honeysuckle extract, 0.1kg bacillus subtilis and 0.1kg fructooligosaccharide.
The preparation method of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of crushing vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, multivitamin for fish, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide by a crusher, and then putting the crushed materials into a mixer for stirring and mixing. Secondly crushing the mixed coarse materials by a crusher, and passing the crushed materials through a 60-mesh screen; mixing with fish concentrated material, calcium bicarbonate and soybean oil in a mixer to obtain mixed material; crushing speed of the crusher: 500 revolutions per minute; feeding speed of a mixer: 20 revolutions per minute; crushing the mixed material by an ultrafine crusher, and passing the crushed material through a 80-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the ultrafine crusher: 500 revolutions per minute;
the kibbling mixed material immigration modulator of superfine pulverizer, let in 95 ℃ steam to the mixed material and modulate 6 minutes, then will get into the extrusion granulator at 95 ℃ temperature through the mixed material of modulation and make the fodder granule, consider that the mouth of megalobrama amblycephala is less than the fish of same volume, and less particle diameter is favorable to the digestion absorption, the most suitable granule particle diameter of fodder: 2.0 mm.
Feeding the expanded feed particles into vacuum post-spraying equipment, and spraying the special complex enzyme for aquatic products, lysine, methionine and the honeysuckle extract thermosensitive material onto the surfaces of the feed particles. Then, vacuumizing to ensure that the materials enter the interior of the feed particles under the action of atmospheric pressure; cooling and drying the expanded pellet feed in a dryer; and cooling the dried expanded feed to about room temperature in a cooler and packaging.
The anti-stress expanded feed prepared in example 1 was grouped into groups in the outdoor culture test of megalobrama amblycephala, and the grouping is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
After 2 months of cage culture, the growth performance results of the megalobrama amblycephala are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Control and experimental data were calculated from the mean of the values in the 8 boxes. + -. standard error. The calculation formula is as follows:
survival rate (%). the number of fish tails surviving x 100%/the number of fish tails stocking
Percent weight gain (%) (end weight-initial weight) × 100%/initial weight)
Bait coefficient ═ food intake/(end weight-initial weight)
Protein efficiency ratio (powder body weight-initial body weight)/(food intake x feed crude protein content)
Nitrogen/energy/phosphorus retention (%) [ (last weight × fish nutrient content-initial weight × fish nutrient content) ] × 100%/(food intake × feed nutrient content)
Liver body ratio (%). liver weight x 100% body weight
Abdominal fat percentage (%). abdominal fat weight x 100% body weight
Carcass ratio (%). carcass weight x 100%/body weight
As can be seen from Table 2, the weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention, scale retention, energy retention, and abdominal fat ratio of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed factor and liver body ratio were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). This shows that, after the anti-stress expanded feed for the megalobrama amblycephala prepared in example 1 is used, the growth rate, the feed utilization rate and the nutrient retention rate of the megalobrama amblycephala are all remarkably improved, the feed waste condition and the discharge of elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body are also remarkably reduced, the liver-body ratio is reduced, and the edible part of the megalobrama amblycephala is increased. Compared with the bream expanded feed sold in the market, the feed has the advantages that the raw materials are more scientifically selected and proportioned, the nutrient components in the feed are more appropriate, and the combination and collocation of the nutrients are more reasonable. Therefore, the megalobrama amblycephala has relatively high utilization rate of the feed and higher economic benefit of cultivation.
Outdoor culture tests of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress feed prepared in example 1 and a control group feed were carried out, and the growth indexes of the megalobrama amblycephala are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the survival rates of the experimental group provided by the example of the present invention, cortisol, total superoxide dismutase activity of liver, glutathione peroxidase activity of liver, reduced glutathione content of liver, plasma lysozyme activity complement C3 and complement C4, and after challenge, are all significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the blood glucose level and plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity were also lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. Compared with the commercial bream expanded feed, the megalobrama amblycephala expanded feed prepared by the formula can reduce the stress reaction of megalobrama amblycephala in the breeding process, remarkably reduce the metabolic burden and the liver function damage degree of a fish body, reduce the oxidation damage degree of the fish body, improve the nonspecific immunity of the organism and improve the resistance of the fish body to aeromonas hydrophila. The physiological and biochemical indexes are also explained from the side, compared with the expanded bream feed sold in the market, the expanded feed of the formula has more scientific selection and proportioning of raw materials and more reasonable content of various nutritional components. Therefore, the metabolic burden on the megalobrama amblycephala is small, the damage degree to the liver is low, the health condition of the cultured finished fish is better, the economic loss of the megalobrama amblycephala caused by stress and injury in the processes of fishing, transportation and the like can be reduced, the death rate is reduced, and the economic benefit of farmers is finally improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed is characterized in that raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed comprise a honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructo-oligosaccharide, and the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed, wherein the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama anti-stress puffed feed is 100 percent; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.2%; the weight percentage content of the fructo-oligosaccharide is 0.1-0.2%.
2. The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed of claim 1, which is characterized in that the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed further comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight, based on 100% of the total weight of the raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed:
3. the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35-0.45% by weight; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
4. The megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the particle size of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed is 1.5-2 mm.
5. A preparation method of an anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing raw material components according to the formula of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed of claim 2;
carrying out primary crushing treatment on vinasse protein, wheat, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, semi-defatted fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, rice bran, soybean, shrimp paste, fish multivitamin, vitamin C phosphate, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide, and then stirring and mixing to obtain a first mixed material; crushing the first mixed material for the second time, and passing through a 60-mesh screen; mixing the sieved first mixed material with a concentrated fish material, calcium dihydrogen carbonate and soybean oil, crushing for the third time, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to collect a second mixture;
preparing the second mixture in a water vapor environment at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and then preparing the prepared mixed material into a pellet feed primary material by an extrusion and expansion granulator at the temperature of 90-95 ℃;
after the primary feed of the granulated feed is cooled and dried, spraying the special complex enzyme for the aquatic product, lysine, methionine, honeysuckle extract, bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide onto the surface of feed granules by adopting a vacuum spraying technology; then, vacuumizing to ensure that the special complex enzyme, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract for the aquatic products enter the interior of the primary feed of the granulated feed under the action of atmospheric pressure; drying and cooling.
6. The method for preparing the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress expanded feed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second crushing is realized by a crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-; the third time of crushing is realized by adopting an ultrafine crusher, and the crushing speed is 400-500 r/m.
7. The method for preparing the stress-resistant puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala according to claim 5, wherein in the step of mixing the sieved first mixed material with the concentrated fish feed, the calcium dihydrogen carbonate and the soybean oil, the mixing is realized by a mixer, and the feeding speed of the mixer is 16-20 rpm.
8. The method for preparing an anti-stress expanded feed for megalobrama amblycephala according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the particle size of the primary feed of the pellet feed is 1.5-2.0 mm.
9. The method for preparing an anti-stress puffed feed for megalobrama amblycephala according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the step of spraying the complex enzyme, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract special for aquatic products onto the surface of the feed particles is carried out by using a vacuum spraying technology, and the step of spraying the complex enzyme, lysine, methionine and honeysuckle extract special for aquatic products onto the surface of the feed particles is carried out by using a roller type liquid spraying machine.
10. The method for preparing the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the honeysuckle extract accounts for 0.35 to 0.45 percent by weight based on 100 percent by total weight of raw materials of the megalobrama amblycephala anti-stress puffed feed; the weight percentage content of the bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.15%; the weight percentage content is 0.1-0.15%.
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| CN113498832A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-15 | 深圳市洛神生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing biological feed by hydrolyzing decomposed biogas residues |
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