CN110049767B - 腺苷5′-核苷酸酶的抑制剂 - Google Patents
腺苷5′-核苷酸酶的抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110049767B CN110049767B CN201780061650.9A CN201780061650A CN110049767B CN 110049767 B CN110049767 B CN 110049767B CN 201780061650 A CN201780061650 A CN 201780061650A CN 110049767 B CN110049767 B CN 110049767B
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Abstract
本文描述了对AMP通过胞外5'‑核苷酸酶向腺苷转化进行调节的化合物,以及含有该化合物的组合物和合成该化合物的方法。还提供了此类化合物和组合物用于治疗和/或预防由胞外5'‑核苷酸酶介导的多种疾病、病症和病况(包括癌症和免疫相关病症)的用途。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年10月3日提交的序列号为62/403,598的美国临时申请的优先权,其全部内容在此通过引用并入。
对联邦政府赞助的研究和开发的发明权利的声明
不适用
参考在光盘上提交的“序列表”、表格或计算机程序列表附录
不适用
领域
本文提供例如用于通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶(也称为CD73)抑制腺苷的化合物和组合物,以及包含它们的药物组合物。本文还提供了例如治疗或预防通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶抑制腺苷介导的疾病、病症或病况或其症状的方法。
背景技术
嘌呤能信号传导是一种由嘌呤核苷酸和核苷如ATP和腺苷介导的细胞外信号传导,涉及细胞内和/或附近细胞中嘌呤能受体的活化,导致细胞功能的调节,大多数细胞具有释放核苷酸的能力,其通常通过调控的胞吐作用发生(参见Praetorius,H.A.;Leipziger,J.(1March 2010)Ann Rev Physiology 72(1):377-393)。然后释放的核苷酸可以被称为胞外核苷酸酶的多种细胞膜结合酶在细胞外水解。
胞外核苷酸催化ATP转化为腺苷,腺苷是影响包括免疫系统,心血管系统,中枢神经系统和呼吸系统在内的多种系统的内源性调节剂、腺苷还能促进各种组织的纤维化。在生产腺苷的第一步中,也称为CD39(分化群39)的胞外核苷三磷酸二膦酸水解酶1(ENTPD1)将ATP水解为ADP,然后将ADP水解为AMP。在下一步中,AMP通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶(NT5E或5NT),也称为CD73(分化群73)转化为腺苷。
CD39和CD73的酶活性在校准递送至各种细胞(例如免疫细胞)的嘌呤能信号的持续时间,量值和化学性质中起关键作用。这些酶活性的改变可改变病程或决定几种病理生理事件的结果,包括癌症,自身免疫性疾病,感染,动脉粥样硬化和局部缺血-再灌注损伤,表明这些胞外酶代表了用于管理各种疾病的新型治疗靶标。
用单克隆抗体,siRNA或小分子抑制CD73延迟肿瘤生长和转移(Stagg,J.(2010)PNAS U.S.A.107:1547-52)。例如,抗-CD73抗体治疗显示在动物模型中抑制乳房肿瘤生长和转移(Stagg,J.(2010年1月26日)PNAS U.S.A,107(4):1547-52)。此外,已经评估了特异性结合CD73的抗体用于治疗出血性疾病(例如血友病)(USP 9,090,697)。最近,人们试图开发治疗上有用的CD73小分子抑制剂。例如,Bhattarai等((2015)J Med Chem 58:6248-63)已经研究了α,β-亚甲基-ADP(AOPCP)的衍生物和类似物,其是已知的代谢上最稳定的、有效的和选择性的CD73抑制剂之一,并且嘌呤CD73衍生物在专利文献(WO2015/164573)中已报道。然而,小分子的发展受阻碍于,例如,低于理想的代谢稳定性。
鉴于CD73在癌症以及各种各样的其他疾病、病症和病况中所起的作用以及目前医务人员可用的CD73抑制剂的缺乏,需要新的CD73抑制剂以及与其相关的组合物和方法。
发明内容
本发明涉及对AMP通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶(NT5E或5NT;也称为CD73)转化为腺苷进行调节的化合物,以及包含所述化合物的组合物(例如药物组合物),下面详细描述这些化合物,包括它们的合成方法和组合物。
本发明还涉及这些化合物和组合物用于治疗和/或预防全部或部分由CD73介导的多种疾病、病症和病况的用途。CD73抑制剂与治疗多种疾病有关,包括癌症、纤维化、神经性和神经退行性疾病(例如抑郁症和帕金森病)、大脑和心脏局部缺血疾病,免疫相关疾病和炎性成分疾病,[参见例如Sorrentino等(2013)OncoImmunol,2:e22448,doi:10.4161/onci.22448;和Regateiro等(2012)Clin.Exp.Immunol,171:1-7]。在具体的实施方案中,本文所述的化合物起到抑制CD73的免疫抑制活性和/或抗炎活性的作用,并且当需要这种抑制时可用作治疗性或预防性治疗。除非另外指明,否则当在本文中描述本发明化合物的用途时,应理解这些化合物可以是组合物(例如药物组合物)的形式,
如本文所用,术语“CD73抑制剂”、“CD73阻断剂”、“通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶的腺苷抑制剂”、“NT5E抑制剂”、“5NT抑制剂”和所有其他相关领域接受的术语是指能够在体外测定、体内模型和/或指示治疗功效的其他手段中直接或间接调节CD73受体的化合物。这些术语也指在人受试者中表现出至少一些治疗益处的化合物。
尽管据信本发明的化合物通过抑制CD73来实现其活性,但是对于实施本发明不需要精确理解化合物的作用机制。例如,所述化合物还可以至少部分通过调节(例如抑制)嘌呤能信号传导途径的其他组分(例如CD39)来实现它们的活性。嘌呤能信号传导系统由负责合成、释放、作用和(主要)ATP及其细胞外分解产物腺苷的细胞外失活的转运蛋白,酶和受体组成(Sperlagh,B等(2012年12月)Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica 14(4):231-38)。因为CD73的抑制导致腺苷减少,所以CD73抑制剂可用于治疗由腺苷介导的疾病或病症及其对腺苷受体(包括A1,A2A,A2B和A3)的作用,[参见Yegutkin,GG(2008年5月)BiochimicaBiophysica Acta 1783(5):673-94],
为了本公开的目的,嘌呤能信号传导过程可被描述为包含以下组分。嘌呤能受体(P1,P2X和P2Y)是第一种成分,是作为对ATP或腺苷释放的应答介导各种生理功能(例如肠道平滑肌松弛)的膜受体;一般而言,所有细胞都具有通过调控胞吐作用将核苷酸释放到细胞外环境的能力。作为第二组分的核苷转运蛋白(NTs)是跨越细胞膜转运核苷底物(例如腺苷)的膜转运蛋白;腺苷的细胞外浓度可以由NTs调节,可能连接受体信号传导与转运蛋白功能的反馈环形式。如前所述,胞外核苷酸酶(CD73和CD39)水解释放到细胞外环境中的核苷酸并包含另外的组分。嘌呤能信号传导过程的另一个组成部分包括泛连接蛋白;特别是泛连接蛋白-1通道(PANX1)是P2X/P2Y嘌呤能信号通路的一个组成部分,也是病理生理学ATP释放的关键因素。
在一个特定方面,本发明提供具有式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物,其中,
每个R1独立地选自下组:氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的芳基、-C(R2R2)-O-C(O)-OR3、-C(R2R2)-O-C(O)R3和-C(R2R2)C(O)OR3,或两个R1基团任选地组合形成5至6元环;
每个R2独立地选自下组:H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
每个R3独立地选自下组:H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C6烷基和任选取代的芳基;
R5选自下组:H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
X选自下组:O、NH和S;
A选自下组:
其各自任选被1至5个R6取代基取代,并且其中下标n是0至3的整数;
Z选自下组:CH2、CHR6、NH、NR6和O;
每个R6独立地选自下组:CH3、OH、CN、F、任选取代的C1-C6烷基和OC(O)-C1-C6烷基;或者,相邻环顶点上的两个R6基团任选地连接在一起形成5至6元环,其具有至少一个杂原子作为环顶点;和
Het选自下组:
其中波浪线表示与化合物其余部分的连接点,并且其中:
Ra选自下组:H、NH2、NHR7、NHC(O)R7、NR7R7、R7、OH、SR7和OR7;
Rb选自下组:H、卤素、NH2、NHR7、NR7R7、R7、OH和OR7;
Rc和Rd独立地选自下组:H、卤素、卤代烷基、NH2、NHR7、NR7R7、R7、OH、OR7、SR7、SO2R7、-X1-NH2、-X1-NHR7、-X1-NR7R7、-X1-OH、-X1-OR7、-X1-SR7和-X1-SO2R7;
Re和Rf独立地选自下组:H、卤素和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
每个X1均为C1-C4亚烷基;和
每个R7独立地选自下组:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C2-C10烯基、任选取代的C2-C10炔基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4烯基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4炔基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4烯基和任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4炔基;或
当两个R7基团连接到相同的氮原子上时,它们任选地连接在一起形成4至7元杂环,其任选与芳基环稠合。
在一些实施方式中,本发明考虑用于治疗或预防受试者(例如人)的癌症的方法,其包括向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种本文所述的CD73抑制剂。本发明包括通过向受试者施用有效量的CD73抑制剂以逆转或阻止CD73介导的免疫抑制的进展来治疗或预防受试者中的癌症的方法。在一些实施方式中,CD73介导的免疫抑制由抗原呈递细胞(APC)介导。
可以使用本文所述的化合物和组合物治疗的癌症的例子包括但不限于:前列腺癌,结肠直肠癌,胰腺癌,子宫颈癌,胃癌,子宫内膜癌,脑癌,肝癌,膀胱癌,卵巢癌,睾丸癌,头癌,颈癌,皮肤癌(包括黑色素瘤和基底癌),间皮瘤,白细胞癌(包括淋巴瘤和白血病),食道癌,乳腺癌,肌肉癌,结缔组织癌,肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞癌),肾上腺腺体癌,甲状腺癌,肾癌或骨癌;成胶质细胞瘤,间皮瘤,肾细胞癌,胃癌,肉瘤,绒毛膜癌,皮肤基底细胞癌和睾丸精原细胞瘤。在本发明的一些实施方案中,癌症是黑素瘤,结肠癌,胰腺癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌,肺癌,白血病,脑瘤,淋巴瘤,肉瘤,卵巢癌或卡波西肉瘤。下文进一步讨论用本发明的化合物和组合物治疗的候选癌症。
本发明考虑了治疗接受骨髓移植或外周血干细胞移植的受试者的方法,其通过施用足以增加对肿瘤抗原的迟发型超敏反应,延迟移植后恶性肿瘤的复发时间,增加移植后的无复发存活时间,和/或增加移植后长期存活率的治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂。
在某些实施方案中,本发明考虑用于治疗或预防受试者(例如,人)中的感染性病症(例如病毒感染)的方法,其包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂(例如,本发明的新型抑制剂)。在一些实施方式中,感染性疾病是病毒感染(例如慢性病毒感染)、细菌感染、真菌感染或寄生虫感染。在某些实施方案中,病毒感染是人类免疫缺陷病毒或巨细胞病毒。
在其他实施方案中,本发明考虑用至少一种本发明的CD73抑制剂来治疗和/或预防免疫相关疾病、病症和病况;具有炎性成分的疾病;以及与上述相关的疾病的方法。下文描述免疫相关疾病、病症和病况的实例。
可以全部或部分通过调节CD73活性来治疗或预防的其它疾病,病症和病况是本发明的CD73抑制剂化合物的候选适应症。
本发明进一步考虑了本文所述的CD73抑制剂与一种或多种另外的药剂的组合。一种或多种另外的药剂可具有一些CD73-调节活性和/或它们可通过不同的作用机制起作用,在一些实施方式中,这样的药剂包括辐射(例如局部放射疗法或全身放射疗法)和/或非药理学性质的其他治疗形式。当使用联合疗法时,一种或多种CD73抑制剂和一种或多种另外的药剂可以是单一组合物或多种组合物的形式,并且治疗方式可以同时、依次或通过一些其他方案给药。举例来说,本发明设想了一种治疗方案,其中辐射阶段之后是化学治疗阶段。联合疗法可以具有叠加或协同效应。下文描述了联合治疗的其他益处。
在一些实施方式中,本发明还包括本文所述的CD73抑制剂与骨髓移植、外周血干细胞移植或其他类型的移植治疗的组合的用途。
在具体的实施方案中,本发明考虑将本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与免疫检查点抑制剂组合使用,已经显示阻断免疫检查点(其导致抗原特异性T细胞应答的扩增)在人类癌症治疗中是有前途的方法。免疫检查点(配体和受体),其中一些在各种类型的肿瘤细胞中被选择性地上调,是用于阻断的候选者,其实例包括PD1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白1);PDL1(PD1配体);BTLA(B和T淋巴细胞衰减剂);CTLA4(细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞相关抗原4);TIM3(T细胞膜蛋白3);LAG3(淋巴细胞激活基因3);A2aR(腺苷A2a受体A2aR);和杀伤剂抑制受体。免疫检查点抑制剂及其组合疗法在本文其他地方详细讨论。
在其他实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗受试者中癌症的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和至少一种化学治疗剂,这样的治疗剂包括,但不限于,烷基化试剂(例如,氮芥,如苯丁酸氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺(isofamide)、氮芥、美法仑、和尿嘧啶氮芥;氮丙啶,如塞替派;甲磺酸盐酯,例如白消安;核苷类似物(例如,吉西他滨);亚硝基脲,如卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、和链脲佐菌素;拓扑异构酶1抑制剂(例如伊立替康);铂络合物,例如顺铂和卡铂;生物还原烷化剂,例如丝裂霉素、丙卡巴肼、达卡巴嗪和四氯羟胺;DNA链断裂剂(例如博来霉素);拓扑异构酶II抑制剂(例如安吖啶,更生霉素,柔红霉素,伊达比星,米托蒽醌,多柔比星,依托泊苷和替尼泊苷);DNA小沟结合剂(例如,普卡霉素(plicamydin));抗代谢物(例如,叶酸拮抗剂,例如甲氨蝶呤和三甲曲沙;嘧啶拮抗剂,例如氟尿嘧啶,氟脱氧尿苷,CB3717,阿扎胞苷,阿糖胞苷,和氟尿苷;嘌呤拮抗剂,如巯基嘌呤,6-硫鸟嘌呤,氟达拉滨,喷司他丁;天冬酰胺酶;和核糖核苷酸还原酶抑制剂,例如作为羟基脲);微管蛋白相互作用剂(例如长春新碱,雌莫司汀,长春碱,多西他赛,埃坡霉素衍生物和紫杉醇);激素剂(例如,雌激素;结合雌激素;乙炔基雌二醇;己烯雌酚;三对甲氧苯氯乙烯(chlortrianisen);己二烯雌酚(idenestrol);孕激素,如己酸羟孕酮,醋酸甲羟孕酮,甲地孕酮和;以及雄激素,如睾酮,丙酸睾酮,氟甲睾酮,甲基睾酮和);肾上腺皮质类固醇(例如泼尼松,地塞米松,甲基强的松龙和泼尼松龙);促黄体激素释放剂或促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂(例如醋酸亮丙瑞林和醋酸戈舍瑞林);和抗激素抗原(例如他莫昔芬,抗雄激素药物例如氟他胺;以及抗肾上腺素药物例如米托坦和氨基谷酰亚胺)。本发明还考虑将CD73抑制剂与本领域已知的其他药剂(例如三氧化二砷)和将来可能开发的其它化学治疗剂组合使用。
在用于治疗癌症的方法的一些实施方案中,治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂与至少一种化学治疗剂组合施用导致癌症存活率大于通过单独施用任一种药剂观察到的癌症存活率。在涉及治疗癌症的方法的其他实施方案中,治疗有效量的CD73抑制剂与至少一种化学治疗剂的组合施用导致肿瘤尺寸的减小或肿瘤生长的减缓大于通过单独给予任一种药剂观察到的肿瘤尺寸或肿瘤生长的减小。
在其他实施方式中,本发明考虑治疗或预防受试者癌症的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂以及至少一种信号传导抑制剂(STI)。在具体实施方式中,所述至少一种STI选自由bcr/abl激酶抑制剂,表皮生长因子(EGF)受体抑制剂,her-2/neu受体抑制剂和法尼基转移酶抑制剂(FTIs)构成的组,其他候选的STI剂在本文其他地方提出。
本发明还考虑增强受试者中肿瘤细胞排斥的方法,其包括将CD73抑制剂与至少一种化学治疗剂和/或放射疗法联合给药,其中所导致的肿瘤细胞排斥大于通过单独施用CD73抑制剂、化学治疗剂或放射治疗所得到的肿瘤排斥。
在其他实施方式中,本发明提供了治疗受试者中癌症的方法,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂和至少一种不是CD73抑制剂的免疫调节剂。
本发明考虑包括用于治疗或预防受试者(例如人)中的感染性病症(例如病毒感染)的方法的实施方案,包括向受试者施用治疗有效量的至少一种CD73抑制剂以及治疗有效量的抗感染试剂,例如,一种或多种抗微生物试剂,
在另外的实施方式中,通过联合施用疫苗和施用治疗有效量的本发明的CD73抑制剂来实现感染性疾病的治疗。在一些实施方式中,该疫苗是一种抗病毒疫苗,包括,例如,一种抗HIV疫苗。在其他实施方式中,该疫苗对结核或疟疾有效。在其他实施方案中,疫苗是肿瘤疫苗(例如对黑素瘤有效的疫苗);肿瘤疫苗可以包含遗传修饰的肿瘤细胞或遗传修饰的细胞系,包括遗传修饰的肿瘤细胞或已被转染以表达粒细胞-巨噬细胞刺激因子(GM-CSF)的遗传修饰的细胞系。在具体的实施方案中,疫苗包含一种或多种免疫原性肽和/或树突细胞。
在一些实施方式中,在涉及通过施用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂治疗感染的某些实施方案中,在施用CD73抑制剂和另外的治疗剂之后观察到的感染症状比在单独施用任何一种后观察到的好。在一些实施方式中,观察到的感染症状可以是病毒载量减少,CD4+T细胞计数增加,机会性感染减少,存活时间增加,根除慢性感染或其组合。
附图简要说明
图1描述了细胞外嘌呤能信号传导的简化表示。
图2A-2AB描述了如本文所述的式(I)和活性水平的具体实施方式。
发明内容
在进一步描述本发明之前,应该理解的是,本发明不限于在此阐述的特定实施例,并且还应该理解,在此使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,并且并非意在限制。
在提供值的范围时,应该理解的是除非上下文另有明确规定,否则在该范围的上限和下限之间的中间值(到下限单位的十分之一)以及该陈述范围内的任何其他规定或中间值包含在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可以独立地包括在较小范围内,并且也包含在本发明内。受限于所述范围内的任何特别排除的限制,在所述范围包括一个或两个限值的情况下,排除那些所包括的限值中的任一个或两个的范围也包括在本发明中。除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
必须注意的是,除非上下文另外清楚地指出,否则如本文和所附权利要求中所使用的,单数形式“一”,“一个”和“该”包括复数指示物。进一步指出,可以起草权利要求来排除任何可选元素。因此,该陈述旨在用作与权利要求元素的陈述或“否定”限制的使用有关的诸如“唯一的”,“仅”等的专用术语的先行基础。
本文讨论的出版物仅是在本申请的提交日期之前公开的。此外,提供的出版日期可能与实际出版日期不同,可能需要独立确认。
通用
被诊断患有癌症的受试者人数和可归因于癌症的死亡人数继续增加。包括化学疗法和放射疗法的传统治疗方法通常是患者难以承受的,并且随着癌症(例如肿瘤)的发展绕开这种治疗变得不太有效。最近的实验证据表明CD73抑制剂可能代表癌症(例如乳腺癌)治疗的重要新治疗方式。
有希望的数据还支持CD73功能抑制剂抑制CD73的抗炎活性和/或CD73的免疫抑制活性的作用,因此CD73抑制剂可用于治疗,例如免疫抑制性疾病(例如HIV和AID)。抑制CD73也可能是神经或神经精神疾病或抑郁症等疾病患者的重要治疗策略。
本发明特别涉及具有CD73抑制活性的小分子化合物及其组合物,以及使用该化合物和组合物治疗和预防本文所述的疾病、病症和病况的方法。
定义
除非另有说明,下列术语意图具有以下所述的含义,其他术语在整个说明书的其他地方定义。
除非另有说明,术语"烷基",本身或作为另一个取代基的一部分,是指具有指定碳原子数(即C1-8是指1至8个碳)的直链或支链烃基。烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、n-丙基、异丙基、n-丁基、t-丁基、异丁基、仲-丁基、n-戊基、n-己基、n-庚基、n-辛基,以及类似基团,
术语"环烷基"指具有指定数量并且完全饱和或环顶点之间不超过一个双键的环原子的烃环(例如,C3-6环烷基)。"环烷基"也可指代双环烃环和多环烃环,例如,双环[2.2.1]庚烷、双环[2.2.2]辛烷等,
术语"环杂烷基"是指具有指定数目的环顶点(或成员)并且具有1-5个选自N、O或S的取代1-5个碳顶点的杂原子的环烷基环,并且其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,以及氮原子任选被季铵化。所述环杂烷基可以是单环、双环或多环体系。环杂烷基的非限制性示例包括:吡咯烷、咪唑烷,吡唑烷,丁内酰胺,戊内酰胺,咪唑啉酮,乙内酰脲,二氧戊环,邻苯二甲酰亚胺,哌啶、1,4-二氧六环,吗啉,硫代吗啉,硫代吗啉-S-氧化物,硫代吗啉-S,S-氧化物,哌嗪,吡喃,吡啶酮,3-吡咯啉,噻喃,吡喃酮,四氢呋喃,四氢噻吩,奎宁环,以及类似基团。环杂烷基可通过环碳或杂原子与分子的其他部分连接。
如本文所用,与本文所描绘的任何化学结构中的单键、双键或三键相交的波浪线表示单键,双键或三键与分子的其余部分的点连接。此外,延伸到环(例如,苯环)中心的键意味着指示在任何可用的环顶点处的连接。本领域技术人员将理解,显示为连接到环上的多个取代基将占据提供稳定化合物的环顶点并且在其他方面是空间上相容的。对于二价组分,表示意味着包括任一方向(正向或反向)。例如,基团“-C(O)NH-”意指包括在任一取向上的键:-C(O)NH-或-NHC(O)-,并且类似地,“-O-CH2CH2-”意在包括-O-CH2CH2-和-CH2CH2-O-。
术语"烷氧基"、"烷氨基"和"烷硫基"(或硫代烷氧基)采用它们的传统意义,是指分别通过氧原子、氨原子或硫原子与分子其他部分连接的那些烷基。另外,对于二烷氨基,烷基部分可以相同或不同,且可通过与各自连接的氮原子与3-7元环连接。因此,用二烷基氨基或-NRaRb表示的基团包括哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、氮杂啶(azetidinyl)以及类似的基团
术语"芳基烷基"和"杂芳基烷基"采用它们的传统意义,是指其中芳基或杂芳基通过C1-C4亚烷基连接头与分子的其他部分连接的那些。"芳基烷基"的示例为苯基甲基(或苄基)。类似地,"杂芳基烷基"的示例为,例如,3-吡啶丙基。当“任选取代的”用于描述术语"芳基烷基"或"杂芳基烷基",它是指芳基或杂芳基部分任选被如下定义的取代,以及烷基部分任选地被如下定义的取代。
除非另外说明,术语"卤代"或"卤素"它们本身或作为另一取代基的一部分,是指氟、氯、溴或碘。另外,如"卤代烷基"的术语是指包括单卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。例如,术语"C1-4卤代烷基"意在包括三氟甲基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,4-氯丁基,3-溴丙基,以及类似基团。
除非另有说明,术语"芳基"是指多不饱和通常为芳香性的烃基,其可以是单环或稠合在一起或共价连接的多环(最多三环)。芳基的非限制性例子包括苯基、萘基和联苯基.
术语“杂芳基”是指含有1至5个选自N、O或S的杂原子的芳基(或环),其中氮和硫原子任选被氧化,并且一个或多个氮原子任选被季铵化。杂芳基基团可以通过杂原子与分子的其余部分连接。杂芳基的非限制性例子包括:吡啶基,哒嗪基,吡嗪基,嘧啶基,三嗪基,喹啉基,喹喔啉基,喹唑啉基,啉基(cinnolinyl),酞基(phthalazinyl),苯并三嗪基,嘌呤基,苯并咪唑基,苯并吡唑基,苯并三唑基,苯并异恶唑基,异苯并呋喃基,异吲哚基,吲哚基,苯并三嗪基,噻吩并吡啶基,噻吩并嘧啶基,吡唑并嘧啶基,咪唑并吡啶基,苯并噻唑基(benzothiaxolyl),苯并呋喃基,苯并噻吩基,吲哚基,喹啉基,异喹啉基,异噻唑基,吡唑基,吲唑基,蝶啶基,咪唑基,三唑基,四唑基,恶唑基,异恶唑基,噻二唑基,吡咯基,噻唑基,呋喃基,噻吩基等。杂芳基环的取代基可以选自下面描述的可接受的取代基。
上述术语(例如,"烷基"、"芳基"和"杂芳基"),在一些实施方式中,可以任选被取代。各种类型的基团的选择取代基在下面提供,
烷基(包括通常被称为亚烷基、烯基、炔基和环烷基的那些)的可选取代基可以是数目为零至(2m’+1)的选自下组的各种基团:卤素、-OR’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-SiR’R”R”’、-OC(O)R’、-C(O)R’、-CO2R’、-CO NR’R”、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-CN和-NO2,其中,m’是基团中碳原子的总数,R’、R”和R”’各自独立地指代氢、未取代的C1-8烷基、未取代的芳基、被1-3个卤素取代的芳基、未取代的C1-8烷基、C1-8烷氧基或C1-8硫代氧基,或未取代的芳基-C1-4烷基。当R’和R”与同一个氮原子相连,它们可以与氮原子组合形成3-、4-、5-、6-或7-元环。例如,-NR’R”意在包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。
类似地,芳基和杂芳基可选的取代基是可变的且通常选自:-卤素、-OR’、-OC(O)R’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-R’、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-C(O)R’、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NH-C(NH2)=NH、-NR’C(NH2)=NH、-NH-C(NH2)=NR’、-S(O)R’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”、-N3、全氟(C1-C4)烷氧基和全氟(C1-C4)烷基,其数量范围从零到芳环系统上开放化合价的总数;且R’、R”和R”’独立地选自:氢、C1-8烷基、C1-8卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C2-8烯基和C2-8炔基。其他合适的取代基包括通过1-4个碳原子的亚烷基连接到环原子的上述各芳基取代基。
芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可以任选地被式-TC(O)-(CH2)q-U-所示的取代基替代,其中T和U独立地为-NH-、-O-、-CH2-或单键,并且q是0-2的整数。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可以任选地被式-A-(CH2)r-B-,其中A和B独立地为-CH2-,-O-,-NH-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O)2-,-S(O)2NR′-或单键,并且r是1至3的整数。如此形成的新环的单键之一可以任选地被双键取代。或者,芳基或杂芳基环的相邻原子上的两个取代基可以任选地被式-(CH2)s-X-(CH2)t-的取代基取代,其中s和t独立地为0至3的整数,和X是-O-,-NR′-,-S-,-S(O)-,-S(O)2-或-S(O)2NR′-。-NR′-和-S(O)2NR′-中的取代基R′选自氢或未取代的C1-6烷基。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意在包括氧(O),氮(N),硫(S)和硅(Si)。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”意指包括用相对无毒的酸或碱制备的活性化合物的盐,这取决于本文所述化合物上存在的特定取代基。当本发明化合物含有相对较酸性的官能团时,碱加成盐可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需碱无溶剂或在合适的惰性溶剂中接触而获得。衍生自药学上可接受的无机碱的盐的实例包括铝盐,铵盐,钙盐,铜盐,铁盐,亚铁盐,锂盐,镁盐,三价锰盐,二价锰盐,钾盐,钠盐,锌盐等。衍生自药学上可接受的有机碱的盐包括伯胺,仲胺和叔胺的盐,包括取代的胺,环胺,天然存在的胺等,例如精氨酸,甜菜碱,咖啡因,胆碱,N,N’-二苄基乙二胺,二乙胺,2-二乙基氨基乙醇,2-二甲基氨基乙醇,乙醇胺,乙二胺,N-乙基吗啉,N-乙基哌啶,葡糖胺,葡萄糖胺,组氨酸,海巴明(hydrabamine),异丙基胺,赖氨酸,甲基葡糖胺,吗啉,哌嗪,哌啶,聚胺树脂,普鲁卡因,嘌呤,可可碱,三乙胺,三甲胺,三丙基胺,氨丁三醇以及类似基团。当本发明化合物含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过使这些化合物的中性形式与足够量的所需酸接触而获得酸加成盐,所述酸可以是无溶剂的或在合适的惰性溶剂中。药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括衍生自无机酸如盐酸,氢溴酸,硝酸,碳酸,一氢碳酸,磷酸,一氢磷酸,二氢磷酸,硫酸,一氢硫酸,氢碘酸或亚磷酸等的那些,以及衍生自乙酸,丙酸,异丁酸,丙二酸,苯甲酸,琥珀酸,辛二酸,富马酸,扁桃酸,邻苯二甲酸,苯磺酸,对甲苯磺酸,柠檬酸,酒石酸,甲磺酸等无毒有机酸的盐,还包括氨基酸,例如精氨酸等的盐,以及有机酸,例如葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸等的盐(参见,例如,Berge,S.M.等,“药用盐”,Journal of Pharmaceutical Science,1977,66,1-19)。本发明的某些具体化合物同时含有碱性和酸性官能团,使得化合物可以转化为碱或酸加成盐。
化合物的中性形式可通过使盐与碱或酸接触并以常规方式分离母体化合物而再生。化合物的母体形式在某些物理性质上不同于其各种盐形式,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解性,但是出于本发明目的在其他方面盐等同于化合物的母体形式。除了盐形式外,本发明提供了以前药形式存在的化合物。本文所述化合物的前药是在生理条件下易于发生化学变化以提供本发明化合物的那些化合物。另外,前药可以在离体环境中通过化学或生物化学方法转化成本发明的化合物。例如,当将前药放置在具有合适的酶或化学试剂的透皮贴剂储库中时,前药会缓慢地转化成本发明的化合物。前药在本文其他地方更详细描述。
除了盐形式外,本发明提供了以前药形式存在的化合物。本文所述化合物的前体药物是在生理条件下易于发生化学变化以提供本发明化合物的那些化合物。另外,前体药物可以在离体环境中通过化学或生物化学方法转化成本发明的化合物。例如,当将前药放置在具有合适的酶或化学试剂的透皮贴剂储库中时,可以将前药缓慢地转化成本发明的化合物。
本发明的某些化合物可以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式存在,包括水合形式。一般而言,溶剂化形式相当于非溶剂化形式,并且意图包括在本发明的范围内。本发明的某些化合物可以以多晶或无定形形式存在。通常,所有物理形式对于本发明所设想的用途是等同的,并且意图在本发明的范围内。
本发明的某些化合物具有不对称碳原子(光学中心)或双键;外消旋体,非对映异构体,几何异构体,区域异构体和单个异构体(例如单独的对映异构体)均旨在包括在本发明的范围内。当显示了立体化学描述时,其意思是指其中存在一种异构体且基本上不含另一种异构体的化合物,“基本上不含”另一种异构体表示两种异构体的至少80/20比例,更优选90/10或95/5或更多。在一些实施方式中,其中一种异构体的含量至少为99%。
本发明的化合物还可以在构成这些化合物的一个或多个原子上含有非天然比例的原子同位素。同位素的非自然比例可以定义为从自然界中发现的量到100%由所讨论的原子构成的量。例如,所述化合物可以掺入放射性同位素,例如氚(3H),碘-125(125I)或碳-14(14C)或非放射性同位素,如氘(2H)或碳-13(13C)。这种同位素变化可以为本申请中其它地方描述的那些提供额外的效用。例如,本发明化合物的同位素变体可以发现其他用途,包括但不限于作为诊断和/或成像试剂,或作为细胞毒性/放射性毒性治疗剂。另外,本发明化合物的同位素变体可以具有改变的药代动力学和药效学特征,其可以有助于提高治疗期间的安全性、耐受性或功效。本发明化合物的所有同位素变体,无论是否是放射性的,均旨在被包括在本发明的范围内。
术语“患者”或“受试者”可以互换使用,或者指代人或非人的动物(例如,哺乳动物)。
当用于,例如,受试者、细胞、组织、器官或生物液,术语“施用”、“给药”等是指将例如CD73抑制剂,它的药物组合物或诊断试剂与受试者、细胞、组织、器官或生物液接触。在细胞的情况下,给药包括将试剂与细胞接触(例如体外或离体),以及试剂与流体接触,其中流体与细胞接触。
术语“治疗”,“治疗的”,“疗法”等是指在疾病、病症或病况或其症状后开始的作用过程(例如施用CD73抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物)被诊断、观察到等,以便暂时或永久地消除,减轻,压制,减轻或改善至少一种折磨受试者的疾病的根本原因,或者至少与折磨受试者的疾病、病症,病状相关的症状之一。因此,治疗包括抑制活性疾病(例如阻止疾病,病症或病况或与其相关的临床症状的发展或进一步发展)。
本文所用术语“需要治疗的”是指由医师或其他护理人员作出的受试者需要或将从治疗中受益的判断,这种判断是基于医生或护理人员专业领域中的各种因素作出的。
术语“预防”,“预防的”,“预防法”等是指以某种方式启动(例如在疾病、病症或病况,或其症状发作之前)的作用过程(诸如施用CD73抑制剂或包含其的药物组合物),以暂时或永久地预防、压抑、抑制或减轻受试者发展疾病、病症或病况等的风险(如通过缺乏临床症状所确定的)或延迟其发作,通常在倾向于患有特定疾病、病症或病况的对象的情况下。在某些情况下,术语还指减缓疾病、病症或病况的进展或抑制其发展成有害或其他不希望的状态。
本文所用术语“需要预防的”是指由医师或其他护理人员作出的受试者需要或将从预防护理中受益的判断,这种判断是基于医生或护理人员专业领域中的各种因素而作出的。
短语“治疗有效量”是指将药剂单独或作为药物组合物的一部分并且以单次剂量或作为一系列剂量的一部分施用于受试者,当对受试者施用时,施用量能够对疾病、病症或病况的任何症状、方面或特征具有任何可检测的积极作用。通过测量相关的生理效应可以确定治疗有效量,并且可以根据受试者病况的给药方案和诊断分析等来调整治疗有效量。举例来说,在给药后的特定时间测量CD73抑制剂(或例如其代谢物)的血清水平可指示是否已使用治疗有效量。
短语“足以实现改变的量”意味着在施用特定疗法之前(例如,基线水平)和之后测量的指标水平之间存在可检测的差异。指标包括任何客观参数(例如血清浓度)或主观参数(例如,受试者的幸福感)。
术语“小分子”是指具有小于约10kDa、小于约2kDa或小于约1kDa的分子量的化学化合物。小分子包括但不限于无机分子,有机分子,含有无机组分的有机分子,含有放射性原子的分子和合成分子。治疗上,小分子可能对细胞更易渗透,不易受降解影响,而且较大分子不易引发免疫反应。
术语“配体”是指可充当受体激动剂或拮抗剂的肽、多肽、膜相关或膜结合分子或其复合物。配体包括天然和合成配体,例如细胞因子、细胞因子变体、类似物、突变蛋白以及衍生自抗体的结合组合物以及小分子。该术语还包括既不是激动剂也不是拮抗剂但可以结合受体而不显著影响其生物学性质例(如信号传导或粘附)的药剂。此外,该术语包括已通过例如化学或重组方法改变为膜结合配体的可溶形式的膜结合配体。配体或受体可能完全是细胞内的,也就是说,它可能存在于细胞质,细胞核或一些其他细胞内区室中。配体和受体的复合物被称为“配体-受体复合物”。
术语“抑制剂”和“拮抗剂”或“激活剂”和“激动剂”分别指抑制或活化分子,例如,用于活化例如配体、受体、辅因子、基因、细胞、组织或器官。抑制剂是减少、阻断、阻止、延迟激活、失活、脱敏或下调例如基因、蛋白质、配体、受体或细胞的分子。激活剂是增加、激活、促进、增强激活、敏化或上调例如基因、蛋白质、配体、受体或细胞的分子。抑制剂也可以定义为减少、阻断或灭活组成型活性的分子。“激动剂”是与靶标相互作用以引起或促进靶标活化增加的分子,“拮抗剂”是一种与激动剂作用相反的分子。拮抗剂阻止、降低、抑制或中和激动剂的活性,并且拮抗剂还可以阻止、抑制或降低靶标例如靶标受体的组成型活性,即使在没有鉴定的激动剂的情况下也是如此。
术语“调节”,“调节法”等是指分子(例如激活剂或抑制剂)直接或间接增加或降低CD73的功能或活性的能力。调节剂可以单独作用,或者可以使用辅因子,例如蛋白质、金属离子或小分子。调节剂的实例包括小分子化合物和其他生物有机分子。许多小分子化合物文库(例如组合文库)可商购获得,并可作为鉴定调节剂的起点。本领域技术人员能够开发一种或多种测定法(例如,基于生物化学或基于细胞的测定法),其中可筛选这些化合物文库以鉴定具有所需性质的一种或多种化合物;此后,熟练的药物化学家能够通过例如合成和评估其类似物和衍生物来优化这样的一种或多种化合物。合成和/或分子模型研究也可用于鉴定激活剂。
分子的“活性”可以描述或指代分子与配体或受体的结合;催化活性;刺激基因表达或细胞信号传导、分化或成熟的能力;抗原活性;以调节其他分子的活性等等。术语“增殖活性”包括促进对于正常细胞分裂,以及癌症、肿瘤、发育异常、细胞转化、转移和血管生成需要或与正常细胞分裂,以及癌症、肿瘤、发育异常、细胞转化、转移和血管生成特异性相关的活性。
如本文所用,“可比较的”,“可比较的活性”,“与…可比的活性”,“可比效果”,“与…可比的效果”等是可以定量和/或定性观察的相对术语。术语的含义通常取决于它们的使用环境。举例来说,出于定性的观点,两种激活受体的药物可被视为具有相当的效果,但如果按照在本领域接受的测定方法(例如,剂量-反应测定方法)中或在本领域接受的动物模型中测定的一个药物的活性仅能够达到另一个药物活性的20%,则从定量观点看,可将两种药物视为缺乏相当的效果。当比较一个结果与另一个结果(例如,一个结果与参考标准比较)时,“可比较”经常(尽管不总是)意味着一个结果与参考标准偏离小于35%,小于30%,小于25%,小于20%,小于15%,小于10%,小于7%,小于5%,小于4%,小于3%,小于2%,或小于1%。在特定的实施方案中,如果一个结果与参照标准的偏差小于15%,小于10%或小于5%,那么其结果与参比标准可比较。作为例子而非限制,活性或效果可以指效力、稳定性、溶解度或免疫原性。
“基本上纯的”表示组分占组合物总含量的大于约50%,并且典型地大于总多肽含量的约60%。更典型地,“基本上纯的”是指组合物中全部组分的至少75%,至少85%,至少90%或更多是感兴趣的组分。在一些情况下,多肽将占组合物总含量的大于约90%或大于约95%。
当提及配体/受体,抗体/抗原或其他结合对时,术语“特异性结合”或“选择性结合”表示决定蛋白质在蛋白质和其他生物制剂的异质群体中的存在的结合反应。因此,在指定的条件下,指定的配体与特定的受体结合并且不会显著地结合样品中存在的其他蛋白质。所考虑方法中的抗体或衍生自抗体的抗原结合位点的结合组合物与其抗原或其变体或突变蛋白具有至少两倍、至少十倍、至少20倍,或至少100倍大于与任何其他抗体或由其衍生的结合组合物的亲和力。在具体实施方式中,通过例如Scatchard分析(Munsen等,1980Analyt.Biochem.107:220-239)测定,抗体将具有大于约109升/摩尔的亲和力。
术语“反应”,例如细胞,组织,器官或生物体的反应,包括生物化学或生理学行为的变化,例如生物区室内的浓度,密度,粘附或迁移,基因表达的速率或分化状态的变化,其中,变化与激活、刺激或治疗相关,或者与内部机制如基因编程相关。在某些情况下,术语“激活”,“刺激”等是指由内部机制以及外部或环境因素调节的细胞活化;而术语“抑制”、“下调”等指的是相反的效果。
在本文中可互换使用的术语“多肽”、“肽”和“蛋白质”是指任何长度的氨基酸的聚合形式,其可以包括遗传编码和非遗传编码的氨基酸,化学或生物化学修饰的或衍生的氨基酸和具有经修饰的多肽骨架的多肽。术语包括融合蛋白,包括但不限于具有异源氨基酸序列的融合蛋白,具有或不具有N端甲硫氨酸残基的具有异源和同源前导序列的融合蛋白;免疫标记的蛋白质等等。
如本文所用,术语“变体”和“同系物”可互换使用以分别指与参考氨基酸或核酸序列相似的氨基酸或DNA序列。该术语涵盖天然存在的变体和非天然存在的变体。天然存在的变体包括同系物(不同物种之间氨基酸或核苷酸序列不同的多肽和核酸)和等位变体(不同物种之间氨基酸或核苷酸序列不同的多肽和核酸)。因此,变体和同系物包括天然存在的DNA序列和由此编码的蛋白质及其同种型,以及蛋白质或基因的剪接变体。该术语还涵盖与天然存在的DNA序列的一个或多个碱基不同的核酸序列,但由于遗传密码的简并性,该核酸序列仍然翻译成对应于天然存在的蛋白质的氨基酸序列。非天然存在的变体和同系物包括分别包含氨基酸或核苷酸序列改变的多肽和核酸,其中序列的改变(例如突变蛋白)为人工引入的;例如,变化是由人类干预(“手工”)在实验室中产生的。因此,非天然存在的变体和同系物也可以指通过一个或多个保守取代和/或标签和/或缀合物与天然存在的序列不同的那些。
如本文所用,术语“突变蛋白”广义上指突变的重组蛋白。这些蛋白质通常携带单个或多个氨基酸取代,并且通常来源于已经进行了定点或随机诱变的克隆基因,或来自完全合成的基因。
术语“DNA”,“核酸”,“核酸分子”,“多核苷酸”等在本文中可互换使用,指任何长度的核苷酸的聚合形式,无论是脱氧核糖核苷酸还是核糖核苷酸,或其类似物。多核苷酸的非限制性实例包括线性和环状核酸,信使RNA(mRNA),互补DNA(cDNA),重组多核苷酸,载体,探针,引物等。
胞外5’-核苷酸酶及其抑制剂
人CD73(也称为胞外5′-核苷酸酶;NT5E;或5NT)是574氨基酸残基蛋白质(登录号AAH6593)。真核CD73作为具有两个结构域的非共价同源二聚体发挥功能,其中N-和C-末端结构域通过铰链区连接,该铰链区使酶能够进行大的域运动并在开放和闭合构象之间切换(Knapp,K等,(2012)Structure 20:2161-73)。
如本文所用,术语“CD73抑制剂”,“CD73阻断剂”,“通过胞外5′-核苷酸酶抑制的腺苷”,“NT5E抑制剂”,“5NT抑制剂”和所有其他相关领域公认的术语是指能够在体外测定、体内模型和/或指示治疗功效的其他手段中直接或间接调节CD73受体的化合物。术语还涉及在人类受试者中表现出至少一些治疗益处的化合物。CD73抑制剂可以是竞争性的、非竞争性的或不可逆的CD73抑制剂。“竞争性CD73抑制剂”是在催化位点可逆地抑制CD73酶活性的化合物;“非竞争性CD73抑制剂”是在非催化位点可逆地抑制CD73酶活性的化合物;和“不可逆CD73抑制剂”是通过与酶形成共价键(或其他稳定的抑制酶功能手段)不可逆地消除CD73酶活性的化合物。
CD73抑制剂可以调节嘌呤能信号传导,嘌呤能信号传导是一种由嘌呤核苷酸和核苷如ATP和腺苷介导的细胞外信号传导。嘌呤能信号传导涉及细胞和/或附近细胞中嘌呤能受体的激活,导致细胞功能的调节。CD73的酶活性在校准递送至各种细胞(例如免疫细胞)的嘌呤能信号的持续时间、量值和化学性质中起至关重要作用。这些酶活性的改变可以改变病程或决定几种病理生理事件(包括癌症、自身免疫性和炎症性疾病、感染、动脉粥样硬化和缺血再灌注损伤)的结果,表明这些胞外酶代表了管控多种疾病的新的治疗靶标。
使用过表达CD73并使用CD73敲除小鼠的组织的研究提供了CD73抑制剂对黑素瘤、肺癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌具有潜在效用的证据(参见例如Sadej R.(2006)Melanoma Res16:213-22)。因为CD73的高表达水平与肿瘤新血管生成、侵袭性、对化学疗法的抗性和转移相关,所以可以使用CD73抑制剂来控制肿瘤进展和转移。其他潜在效用在本文其他地方讨论。
如上所述,尽管本发明的化合物被认为通过抑制CD73发挥它们的活性,但是实施本发明不需要精确理解化合物的作用机制。例如,所述化合物还可以至少部分通过调节(例如抑制)嘌呤能信号传导途径的其他组分(例如CD39)来发挥它们的活性。嘌呤能信号系统由负责(初级)ATP及其细胞外分解产物腺苷的合成、释放、作用和细胞外失活的转运蛋白、酶和受体组成(Sperlagh,B等(2012年12月)Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica 14(4):231-38)。图1描述了细胞外嘌呤能信号的简化表示(参见例如North RA(2002年10月)Physiological Reviews 82(4):1013-67)。
具有理想特性的CD73抑制剂的鉴定
部分地,本发明涉及鉴定具有治疗相关性的至少一种性质或特征的CD73抑制剂。候选抑制剂可通过使用例如本领域接受的测定法或模型来鉴定,其实例对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。用于确定本文所述化合物的CD73抑制活性的测定在实验部分中阐述。
鉴定后,候选抑制剂可以通过使用提供关于抑制剂特征的数据(例如,药代动力学参数)的技术进一步评估。候选抑制剂与参考标准(其可能是目前的“最好的”抑制剂)的比较表明这些候选物的潜在活力。
可用作参照或基准化合物的CD73抑制剂包括由Bhattarai等人((2015)J MedChem 58:6248-63)描述的α,β-亚甲基-ADP(AOPCP)及其衍生物和类似物,以及PCT公开号2015/164573报道的嘌呤CD73衍生物。本领域技术人员随后鉴定的其他参考化合物也可用于评估候选CD73抑制剂的活力。
本发明化合物
本文提供了具有式(I)的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、水合物或溶剂化物,其中,
每个R1独立地选自:氢、任选取代的C1-C6烷基、任选取代的芳基、-C(R2R2)-O-C(O)-OR3、-C(R2R2)-O-C(O)R3、和-C(R2R2)C(O)OR3,或两个R1基团任选地组合形成5至6元环;
每个R2独立地选自H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
每个R3独立地选自H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基C1-C6烷基和任选取代的芳基;
R5选自H和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
X选自O、NH和S;
A选自:
其各自任选被1至5个R6取代基取代,并且其中下标n是0至3的整数;Z选自:CH2、CHR6、NH、NR6和O;
每个R6独立地选自:CH3、OH、CN、F、任选取代的C1-C6烷基和OC(O)-C1-C6烷基;或者,相邻环顶点上的两个R6基团任选地连接在一起形成5至6元环,其具有至少一个杂原子作为环顶点;和
Het选自:
其中波浪线表示与化合物其余部分的连接点,并且其中:
Ra选自:H、NH2、NHR7、NHC(O)R7、NR7R7、R7、OH、SR7和OR7;
Rb选自:H、卤素、NH2、NHR7、NR7R7、R7、OH和OR7;
Rc和Rd独立地选自:H、卤素、卤代烷基、NH2、NHR7、NR7R7、R7、OH、OR7、SR7、SO2R7、-X1-NH2、-X1-NHR7、-X1-NR7R7、-X1-OH、-X1-OR7、-X1-SR7和-X1-SO2R7;--------------
Re和Rf独立地选自:H、卤素和任选取代的C1-C6烷基;
每个X1均为C1-C4亚烷基;和
每个R7独立地选自:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C2-C10烯基、任选取代的C2-C10炔基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4烯基、任选取代的芳基C2-C4炔基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的杂芳基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4烯基和任选取代的杂芳基C2-C4炔基;和任选地,连接在同一氮原子上的两个R7基团连接在一起形成4至7元杂环,其任选地与芳环稠合。
对于上式,术语“任选取代的”用于与烷基、环烷基、环杂烷基、芳基和杂芳基连接。在这些基团中的每一个中,一些选定的任选取代基如下:
烷基:卤素、-OR’、-NR’R”、-SR’、-SiR’R”R”’、-OC(O)R’、-C(O)R’、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-CN和-NO2。R’、R”和R”’各自独立地指氢、未取代的C1-4烷基或C1-4卤代烷基。当R’和R”与相同的氮原子连接时,或当R”和R”’与相同的氮连接时,它们可与氮原子结合形成3,4,5,6或7元环。例如,-NR′R”意指包括1-吡咯烷基和4-吗啉基。
环烷基和环杂烷基:上面用于“烷基”的选定的取代基也可用于环烷基和环杂烷基。另外,环烷基和环杂烷基中的每一个可任选地被氧代(=O)或羟基取代。
芳基和杂芳基:-卤素、-OR’、-OC(O)R’、-NR’R”、-R’、-CN、-NO2、-CO2R’、-CONR’R”、-C(O)R’、-OC(O)NR’R”、-NR”C(O)R’、-NR”C(O)2R’、-NR’-C(O)NR”R”’、-S(O)2R’、-S(O)2NR’R”、-NR’S(O)2R”和全氟(C1-C4)烷基,其中R’,R”和R”’独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基和C3-6环烷基。在一些实施方式中,芳基任选地被一个或多个卤素取代。
在一组选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中每个R3独立地选自:H、C1-C6烷基和任选取代的芳基。
在一组选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中A具有下式:
其任选地被1至5个R6取代。
在另一组选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中A具有选自下组的通式:
在一些选定的实施方式中,a1至a17中的任何一个可以独立地与b1至b9中的任一个组合,以提供所选择的式(I)的实施方式。
在一些选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
其中每个G独立地选自:N和CRe。
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het具有下式:
在一些选定的实施方式中,Rc不是H。
在其他选定的实施方式中,提供了由以下子式之一表示的式(I)化合物:
其中每个Rg独立地选自:H和C(O)-C1-C6烷基。上述子式的进一步选择的实施方式是其中X是氧的那些。在上述子式的其他选定的实施方式中,X是氧,且Re是氢。在上述子式的其他选定的实施方式中,X是氧,Re是氢,并且每个Rg是氢。
在一些实施方式中,R5是H。在其他实施方式中,R5是H,且X是O。在其他实施方式中,R5是H、X是O,且每个R1是H。
在另一组选定的实施方式中,提供了式(I)的化合物,其中Het选自:
其中Ra、Rc和Re具有参考上述式(I)提供的含义。
在一些选定的实施方式中,R5是H、X是O,且每个R1是H。在其他选定的实施方式中,R5是H、X是O、每个R1是H、Re是H,且Ra选自:NH2、NHR7和N(R7)2。在其他选定的实施方式中,R5是H、X是O、每个R1是H、Re是H、Rc不是H,且Ra是NHR7。
式(I)的其他选定的实施方式是具有选自以下的子式的化合物:
其中R7、Rc、Rg、R1和X具有关于式(I)提供的含义以及如本文所述的某些选定的实施方式。
在一些实施方式中,每个R7独立地选自:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基、任选取代的4-7元杂环烷基C1-C4烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基;或者当两个R7基团与相同的氮原子连接时,它们任选地连接在一起形成4至7元杂环,其任选与芳环稠合;条件是:当两个R7基团连接到相同的氮并且没有连接在一起形成杂环时,至少一个R7是任选取代的C1-10烷基。
在一些实施方式中,每个R7独立地选自:任选取代的C1-C10烷基、任选取代的C3-C7环烷基、任选取代的4-7元环杂烷基和任选取代的芳基C1-C4烷基;或当两个R7基团与相同的氮原子连接时,它们任选地连接在一起形成4至7元杂环,其任选与芳环稠合。
在其他实施方式中,每个R7独立地选自:C1-4烷基、任选取代的C5环烷基、任选取代的四氢呋喃和任选取代的苯基C1-2烷基;或者当两个R7基团连接在同一个氮原子上时,它们连接在一起形成一个5元杂环,其任选地与苯环稠合,其中当两个R7基团连接在同一个氮上并且它们没有连接在一起形成杂环时,至少一个R7是C1-4烷基。
在其他实施方式中,每个R7独立地选自:C1-4烷基、任选取代的C5环烷基、任选取代的四氢呋喃和任选取代的苯基C1-2烷基;或当两个R7基团连接到相同的氮原子上时,它们任选地连接在一起形成5元杂环,其任选与苯环稠合,其中所述5元杂环不含额外的杂原子。
在一些实施方式中,每个R7独立地选自:甲基、
或当两个R7基团连接到相同的氮原子时,NR7R7部分是
其中每个芳基、环烷基和杂环烷基任选被一个或多个卤素或羟基取代。
合成方法
通常,本文提供的化合物可以通过如下实施例中描述的常规方法制备。
前药和药物递送和/或半衰期延长的其他方式
在本发明的一些方面,本文描述的化合物以前药形式施用。
为了实现治疗活性的延长,可以设计药物分子以利用载体进行递送。此类载体或以非共价方式使用,药物部分物理化学地配制成溶剂-载体混合物,或通过载体试剂与药物部分官能团之一的永久共价连接(一般参见WO 20150202317)。
一些非共价方法受到青睐。作为实例,但不限于,在某些实施方式中,使用包含非共价将药物包封于聚合物载体的长效制剂。在这样的制剂中,药物分子与载体材料组合并加工,使得药物分子分布在散装载体内。实例包括微粒聚合物-药物聚集体(例如,微球(Phosphorex股份有限公司)),其以可注射悬浮液给药;配制成凝胶的聚合物-药物分子聚集体(例如,(Lupron)(艾伯维股份有限公司)(AbbVie Inc.)),其以单次弹丸式注射给药;和脂质体制剂(例如,(Pacira制药公司)),其中载体可以是能够溶解药物的聚合物或非聚合物实体。在这些制剂中,当载体溶胀或物理破坏时,可能发生药物分子的释放。在其他情况下,化学降解允许药物扩散到生物环境中;这种化学降解过程可以是自动水解的或酶催化的。在其他限制中,非共价药物包封需要防止药物的不受控制的释放,并且药物的释放机制对生物降解的依赖性可能导致患者间的差异性。
在特定实施方式中,包括小分子和大分子的药物分子通过永久共价键与载体共轭。在水性流体中表现出低溶解度的某些小分子治疗剂可以通过与亲水性聚合物共轭而溶解,其实例在本文其他地方描述。关于大分子蛋白质,半衰期延长可以通过例如与棕榈酰基部分的永久共价修饰以及通过与本身具有延长的半衰期的另一种蛋白质(例如,)的永久共价修饰来实现。通常,当载体与药物共价结合时,药物分子显示出降低的生物活性。
在某些情况下,通过采用前药方法将药物与聚合物载体化学共轭可以成功地解决与包含非共价聚合物混合物的药物分子或永久共价连接相关的限制。在这种情况下,无活性或活性低于药物部分本身的治疗剂将可预测地转化为活性分子实体。如果需要缓慢或控制释放药物,则与释放的药物相比,前药的生物活性降低是有利的。在这种情况下,药物的释放随时间发生,从而减少了重复和频繁给药的必要性。当药物部分本身在胃肠道中未被吸收或具有低于最佳吸收时,前药方法也可能是有利的;在这些情况下,前药促进药物部分的吸收,然后在稍后的某个时间(例如,通过首过代谢)裂解。生物活性药物分子通常通过载体部分与药物分子的羟基、氨基或羧基之间形成的临时键连接到聚合物载体部分。
上述方法与若干限制有关。前药活化可以通过载体和药物分子之间的临时键的酶促或非酶促裂解,或两者的顺序组合(例如,酶促步骤,然后是非酶促修饰)发生。在无酶的体外环境(例如,水性缓冲溶液)中,诸如酯或酰胺的临时键可能经历水解,但是相应的水解速率可能使得它在治疗上有用的范围之外。相反,在体内环境中,通常存在酯酶或酰胺酶,并且酯酶和酰胺酶可以引起水解动力学的显著催化加速从两倍到几个数量级(参见,例如,Greenwald等人,(1999)药物化学杂志(J Med Chem)42(18):3857-67)。
如本文所述,前药可以分类为i)生物前体和ii)载体连接的前药。生物前体不含有载体基团,并且通过官能团的代谢产生而被激活。相反,在载体连接的前药中,活性物质通过生物活性实体的官能团处的临时连接与载体部分结合。优选的官能团是羟基或氨基。连接化学和水解条件均取决于所用官能团的类型。载体可以是生物学惰性的(例如PEG)或可以具有靶向性质(例如抗体)。载体连接的前药的载体部分的裂解产生感兴趣的生物活性实体,并且生物活性实体的去保护的官能团的性质通常有助于其生物活性。
专利和科学文献描述了许多大分子前药,其中临时连接是不稳定的酯键。在这些情况下,生物活性实体的官能团是羟基或羧酸(参见例如Cheng等人(2003)生物共轭物化学(BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY)14:1007-17)。此外,对生物大分子和某些小分子药物通常有利的是将载体与生物活性实体的氨基(例如蛋白质的N-末端或赖氨酸氨基)连接。在制备前药期间,由于与羟基或酚基相比它们具有更高的亲核性,氨基可以更加化学选择性地解决。这对于含有多种不同反应性官能团的蛋白质和肽尤其相关,其中非选择性共轭反应导致需要广泛表征或纯化的不需要的产物混合物,因此降低了活性部分的反应产率和治疗效率。
通常,酰胺键对抗水解比酯键更稳定,并且酰胺键的裂解速率对于载体连接的前药中的治疗效用而言可能太慢。结果,添加结构化学组分以实现对前药酰胺键的可裂解性的控制可能是有利的。由既非载体实体又非药物提供的这些另外的裂解控制化学组分通常称为“连接基团”。前药连接基团可以对临时键的水解速率具有主要影响,并且连接基团的化学性质的变化通常导致特定的性质。通过用于靶向释放的特定酶对含胺生物活性部分的前药活化需要该连接基团的结构显示为被相应的内源酶识别为底物的结构基序。在这些情况下,临时键的裂解发生在由酶催化的一步法中。例如,阿糖胞苷的酶促释放受蛋白酶纤溶酶的影响,其在各种肿瘤块中的浓度相对较高。
患者间差异性是占主导的酶促裂解的主要缺点。受试者之间的酶水平可能显著不同,导致酶促裂解引起前药活化的生物学差异。酶水平也可以根据给药部位而变化(例如,对于皮下注射,身体的某些区域产生比其他区域更可预测的治疗效果)。此外,很难建立酶依赖性载体连接的前药的药代动力学特性的体内-体外相关性。
使用与药物部分中的氨基临时连接的其他载体前药基于级联机制。通过由掩蔽基团和活化基团的结构组合组成的连接基团化合物实现级联裂解。掩蔽基团通过第一临时连接如酯或氨基甲酸酯与活化基团连接。活化基团通过第二临时连接(例如氨基甲酸酯)与药物分子的氨基连接。第二临时连接的稳定性或对水解的敏感性取决于掩蔽基团的存在或不存在。在掩蔽基团的存在下,第二临时连接是高度稳定的并且不可能以治疗上有用的动力学释放药物分子,而在没有掩蔽基团的情况下,这种连接变得高度不稳定,导致药物部分的快速裂解和释放。
第一临时连接的裂解是级联机制中的限速步骤。第一步可以诱导活化基团的分子重排(例如,如Greenwald等人所述的1,6-消除(1999)药物化学杂志(J Med Chem)42:3657-67),并且重排使得第二临时连接更加不稳定,从而诱导其裂解。理想地,第一临时连接的裂解速率与给定治疗方案中药物分子的所需释放速率相同。另外,理想的是,第二临时连接的裂解在第一临时键裂解诱导其不稳定性之后基本上是瞬时的。
另一个实施方式包括基于三甲基锁内酯化的含聚氨基的前药(参见,例如,Greenwald等(2000)药物化学杂志(J Med Chem)43(3):457-87)。在该前药体系中,取代的邻羟基苯基-二甲基丙酸通过酯、碳酸酯或氨基甲酸酯基团作为第一临时连接与PEG连接,并通过酰胺键作为第二临时连接与药物分子的氨基基团连接。药物释放中的速率确定步骤是第一连接的酶促裂解,然后通过内酯化快速酰胺裂解,释放芳族内酯副产物。Greenwald等人描述的前药系统的主要缺点是在临时连接裂解后释放高反应性和潜在毒性的芳香族小分子副产物,如醌甲基化物或芳香内酯。潜在毒性实体与药物以1:1的化学计量比释放,并且可以呈现高体内浓度。
在包含基于1,6-消除的芳族活化基团的级联前药的某些实施方式中,掩蔽基团在结构上与载体分开。这可以通过在聚合物载体和活化基团之间采用稳定键来实现,其中稳定键不参与级联裂解机理。如果载体不用作掩蔽基团并且活化基团通过稳定键连接到载体,则避免释放潜在毒性副产物(例如活化基团)。聚合物和活化基团的稳定附着以不确定的药理学还抑制药物-连接基团中间体的释放。
前一段中描述的方法的第一个实例包括基于扁桃酸活化基团的聚合物前药系统(参见,例如,Shabat等人,(2004)欧洲化学杂志(Chem Eur J)10:2626-34)。在该方法中,掩蔽基团通过氨基甲酸酯键与活化基团连接。活化基团通过酰胺键与聚丙烯酰胺聚合物永久共轭。在通过催化抗体酶促活化掩蔽基团后,通过环化裂解掩蔽基团并释放药物;药物释放后,活化基团仍与聚丙烯酰胺聚合物连接。类似的前药系统基于扁桃酸活化基团和酶促可裂解的酯连接的掩蔽基团(参见,例如,Lee等人,(2004)应用化学(Angew Chem)116:1707-10)。
当使用上述连接基团时,1,6-消除步骤仍产生高反应性芳族中间体。即使芳族部分保持永久地连接到聚合物载体上,也可能产生具有潜在毒性副产物或免疫原性作用的副反应。因此,有利的是使用脂肪族前药连接基团产生用于形成含胺活性剂的聚合物前药的连接基团技术,所述脂肪族前药连接基团不是酶依赖性的并且在裂解期间不产生反应性芳族中间体。一个这样的实例使用PEG5000-马来酸酐用于组织型纤溶酶原激活剂和尿激酶中氨基的可逆修饰(参见,例如(1987)Garman等,FEBS快报(FEBS Lett)223(2):361-65)。在pH7.4缓冲液孵化,通过裂解马来酰胺酸连接从PEG-uPA共轭物再生功能酶,遵循一级动力学,半衰期为约6小时。马来酰胺酸连接的缺点是在较低pH值下共轭物缺乏稳定性。
另一种方法包括基于N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)甘氨酸酰胺(N-二甘氨酸)连接基团的PEG级联前药系统(参见例如(2004)药物化学杂志47:726-34)。在该系统中,两个PEG载体分子通过临时键连接到与药物分子的氨基偶联的N-二甘氨酸分子。前体药物(前药)活化的第一步涉及酶促裂解连接两个PEG载体分子与N-二甘氨酸活化基团的羟基的第一临时连接。PEG和N-二甘氨酸之间的不同连接导致不同的前药活化动力学。前体药物活化的第二步涉及裂解连接N-二甘氨酸活化基团与药物分子的氨基的第二临时连接。该系统的缺点是该第二临时的N-二甘氨酸酰胺连接的水解速率缓慢,其导致与天然母体药物分子相比可能显示出不同的药代动力学、免疫原性、毒性和药效学特性的N-二甘氨酸修饰的前药中间体的释放。
在特定的实施方式中,二肽用于靶向或靶向转运的前药开发,因为它们是酶或生物转运系统的底物。二肽前药形成的非酶促途径,即,进行分子内环化以形成相应的二酮哌嗪(DKP)并释放活性药物的能力,尚未明确定义。
在一些实施方式中,二肽通过酯键与药物部分连接,如针对药物对乙酰氨基酚的二肽酯所述(Gomes等人,(2005)生物有机和医药化学快报(Bio&Med Chem Lett))。在这种情况下,环化反应由肽的N-末端胺在酯碳原子上的亲核攻击以形成四面体中间体组成,然后从胺到离去基团氧阴离子质子转移同时形成肽键产生环状DKP产物和游离药物。该方法适用于体外含羟基的药物,但已发现其与体内酯键的酶促水解竞争,因为相应的二肽酯释放的对乙酰氨基酚的速率比缓冲液中快得多(Gomes等人,(分子(Molecules)12(2007)2484-2506)。基于二肽的前药对肽酶的易感性可以通过在二肽基序中掺入至少一种非天然氨基酸来解决。然而,能够裂解酯键的内源酶不限于肽酶,并且这种前药裂解的酶依赖性仍然导致不可预测的体内性能。
在一些实施方式中,酶依赖性被有意地改造成DKP前药,例如其中二肽酯前药在二肽的氨基末端被甲酰化,并且酶促去甲酰化用于引发二酮哌嗪的形成和随后的酯-二肽键的裂解,随后通过释放药物分子(参见,例如,USP 7,163,923)。通过进一步的实例,八肽通过酯连接与长春碱的4-羟基连接,并在特异性酶促除去N-末端六肽后通过DKP的形成进行酯键裂解(参见Brady等人,(2002)药物化学杂志45:4706-15)。
DKP形成反应的范围也扩展到酰胺前药。举例来说,USP 5,952,294描述了使用二酮哌嗪的形成用于阿糖胞苷的二肽基酰胺前药的前体药物活化。在这种情况下,在二肽的羰基和阿糖胞苷的芳香族氨基之间形成临时连接。然而,对于这样的共轭物不太可能实现缓释效果,因为不存在载体或其他半衰期延长的部分或功能。
还描述了包含生物活性肽如GLP-1的二肽前药,其能够通过二肽延长的二酮哌嗪的形成释放肽(参见例如WO2009/099763)。生物活性肽部分可以在其氨基酸侧链残基之一上包含另外的PEG链,以实现生物活性肽的延长循环。然而,这种方法存在几个明显的缺点。首先,PEG链必须与肽连接而不损害其生物活性,这对于许多基于肽的生物活性剂而言可能难以实现。其次,由于聚乙二醇化的肽本身具有生物活性,因此二肽前体对肽的生物活性具有影响,并可能对其受体结合特性产生负面影响。
增强抑制剂特征的修饰
改善本文公开的治疗模式的更多物理特性中的一种和/或其施用方式通常是有益的并且有时是必要的。物理特性的改进包括例如提高水溶性,生物利用度,血清半衰期和/或治疗半衰期的方法;和/或调节生物活性。
本领域已知的修饰包括聚乙二醇化,Fc-融合和白蛋白融合。虽然通常与大分子试剂(例如多肽)相关,但最近用特定小分子评估了这种修饰。举例来说,Chiang,M等(J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2014,136(9):3370-73)描述了与免疫球蛋白Fc结构域偶联的腺苷2a受体的小分子激动剂。小分子-Fc缀合物保留有效的Fc受体和腺苷2a受体相互作用并且与未缀合的小分子相比显示出优越的性质。还描述了PEG分子与小分子治疗剂的共价连接(Li,W等,聚合物科学中的进步,201338:421-44)。
治疗和预防用途
本发明考虑了本文所述的CD73抑制剂在治疗或预防广泛范围的疾病、病症和/或病况和/或其症状中的用途。尽管在下文中详细描述了特定用途,但应该理解,本发明不限于此。此外,尽管在下文中列出了特定疾病、病症和病况的一般类别,但是一些疾病、病症和病况可能是多于一个类别的成员,而另一些可能不是任何所公开类别的成员。
肿瘤学相关病症.根据本发明,CD73抑制剂可用于治疗或预防增殖性病症或病症,包括癌症,例如子宫癌,子宫颈癌,乳腺癌,前列腺癌,睾丸癌,胃肠道癌(例如食管癌,口咽癌,胃癌,小肠癌或大肠癌,结肠癌或直肠癌),肾癌,肾细胞癌,膀胱癌,骨癌,骨髓癌,皮肤癌,头或颈癌,肝癌,胆囊癌,心脏癌,肺癌,胰腺癌,唾液腺癌,肾上腺癌,甲状腺癌,脑癌(例如神经胶质瘤),神经节癌,中枢神经系统(CNS)的癌症和外周神经系统(PNS)的癌症以及造血系统的癌症和免疫系统(例如脾或胸腺)的癌。本发明还提供了治疗或预防其他癌症相关疾病,病症或病况的方法,包括,例如免疫原性肿瘤,非免疫原性肿瘤,休眠性肿瘤,病毒诱导的癌症(例如上皮细胞癌,内皮细胞癌,鳞状细胞癌和乳头瘤病毒),腺癌,淋巴瘤,癌,黑素瘤,白血病,骨髓瘤,肉瘤,畸胎癌,化学诱导的癌症,转移和血管生成。本发明考虑降低对肿瘤细胞或癌细胞抗原的耐受性,例如通过调节调节性T细胞和/或CD8+T细胞的活性(参见例如Ramirez-Montagut等(2003)Oncogene 22:3180-87;和Sawaya等(2003)NewEngl.J.Med.349:1501-09)。在具体的实施方案中,肿瘤或癌症是结肠癌,卵巢癌,乳腺癌,黑素瘤,肺癌,成胶质细胞瘤或白血病。术语“与癌症相关的疾病、病症和病况”的使用是要广义地指与癌症直接或间接相关的病症,并且包括例如血管生成和如发育不良的癌前状况。
在某些实施方案中,癌症是转移性的或处于转移风险中,或者可能发生在弥散组织中,包括血液癌或骨髓癌(例如白血病)。在一些进一步的实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以用于克服T细胞耐受性。
在一些实施方式中,本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂或诊断剂治疗增殖性病症、癌症、肿瘤或癌症前期病症的方法,其实例在本文其他地方阐述。
免疫相关疾病和具有炎症成分的疾病.如本文所用,诸如“免疫疾病”,“免疫病况”,“免疫病症”,“炎症性疾病”,“炎症性病况”,“炎性病症”等术语意在广义地涵盖任何免疫相关疾病(例如自身免疫疾病)或具有炎症成分的疾病,所述疾病可以通过本文所述的CD73抑制剂治疗,从而获得一些治疗益处。这种疾病经常与其他疾病、病症和病况密不可分。举例来说,“免疫病况”可指增殖性病况,例如癌症、肿瘤和血管生成;包括抵抗免疫系统根除作用的感染(急性和慢性)、肿瘤和癌症。
本发明的CD73抑制剂可用于增加或增强免疫应答;改善免疫接种,包括提高疫苗疗效;并增加炎症。可以使用本文公开的化合物治疗与免疫缺陷疾病,免疫抑制医学治疗,急性和/或慢性感染以及衰老有关的免疫缺陷。CD73抑制剂也可以用于刺激患有医源性诱导的免疫抑制的患者的免疫系统,包括那些接受过骨髓移植、化疗或放疗的患者。
在本公开的具体实施方案中,通过提供佐剂活性,将CD73抑制剂用于增加或增强对抗原的免疫应答。在具体实施方式中,将至少一种抗原或疫苗与本发明的至少一种CD73抑制剂组合施用给受试者以延长对抗原或疫苗的免疫应答。还提供了治疗组合物,其包含至少一种抗原性试剂或疫苗组分和至少一种本发明的CD73抑制剂组合,所述抗原性试剂或疫苗组分包括但不限于病毒、细菌和真菌或其部分、蛋白质、肽、肿瘤特异性抗原和核酸疫苗。
微生物相关病症.通过抑制CD73的免疫抑制和抗炎活性,本发明设想了本文所述的CD73抑制剂在治疗和/或预防任何病毒、细菌、真菌、寄生虫或其他感染性疾病、病症或病况中的用途,用CD73抑制剂治疗这些疾病、病症或病况可能是有益的。这类疾病和病症的实例包括HIV和AIDS、葡萄球菌和链球菌感染(例如分别为金黄色葡萄球菌和血链球菌)、利什曼原虫、弓形虫、滴虫、贾第虫、白色念珠菌、炭疽芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌。本发明的化合物可用于治疗败血症,降低或抑制细菌生长,并降低或抑制炎性细胞因子。
CNS相关的和神经病症.抑制CD73也可能是神经病学、神经精神病学、神经退行性疾病或其他与中枢神经系统有某种联系的疾病、病症和病况的患者的重要治疗策略,包括与认知功能和运动功能受损相关的病症。实例包括帕金森病、锥体外综合征(EPS)、肌张力障碍,静坐不能,迟发性运动障碍,不安腿综合征(RLS),癫痫,睡眠周期性肢体运动(PLMS),注意力缺陷障碍,抑郁症,焦虑症,痴呆,阿尔茨海默病,亨廷顿舞蹈病,多发性硬化症,脑缺血,出血性中风,蛛网膜下腔出血和创伤性脑损伤。
其他病症.本发明的实施方案涵盖向受试者施用本文所述的CD73抑制剂,用于治疗或预防可受益于至少一些CD73抑制水平的任何其他病症。这些疾病、病症和病况包括例如心血管病(例如心脏缺血),胃肠病(例如克罗恩病),代谢病(例如糖尿病),肝病(例如肝纤维化,NASH和NAFLD),肺病(例如,COPD和哮喘),眼科病(例如糖尿病性视网膜病)和肾病(例如肾衰竭)。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的CD73抑制剂可用于抑制他汀类药物诱导的腺苷产生,或降低或减少服用他汀类药物(例如洛伐他汀和普伐他汀)的受试者中他汀类药物引起的血糖升高。
药物组合物
本发明的CD73抑制剂可以是适合施用于受试者的组合物的形式。通常,这样的组合物是包含一种或多种CD73抑制剂和一种或多种药学上可接受的或生理学上可接受的稀释剂、载体或赋形剂的“药物组合物”。在某些实施方案中,CD73抑制剂以治疗可接受的量存在。药物组合物可以用于本发明的方法中;因此,例如,药物组合物可以离体或体内施用于受试者以实施本文所述的治疗和预防方法和用途。
可以将本发明的药物组合物配制成与预期的方法或给药途径相容;示例性的施用途径在本文中阐述。此外,药物组合物可以与本文所述的其他治疗活性剂或化合物组合使用,以治疗或预防本发明所考虑的疾病、病症和病况。
含有活性成分(例如CD73功能抑制剂)的药物组合物可以是适合于口服使用的形式,例如片剂,胶囊,锭剂(troches),锭剂(lozenges),水性或油性混悬剂,可分散粉末或颗粒剂,乳剂,硬或软胶囊,或糖浆,溶液,微珠或酏剂。用于口服使用的药物组合物可以根据本领域已知用于制备药物组合物的任何方法来制备,并且这样的组合物可以包含一种或多种试剂,例如甜味剂,调味剂,着色剂和防腐剂以提供药学优雅和可口的制剂。片剂,胶囊剂等含有与适用于制造片剂的无毒的药学上可接受的赋形剂混合的活性成分。这些赋形剂可以是例如稀释剂,如碳酸钙,碳酸钠,乳糖,磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒剂和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,例如淀粉,明胶或阿拉伯胶,和润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁,硬脂酸或滑石粉。
适用于口服给药的片剂、胶囊剂等可以未包衣或通过已知技术包衣以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收并由此提供持续作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯。它们也可以用本领域已知的技术包衣以形成用于控释的渗透治疗片剂。其他试剂包括生物可降解或生物相容性颗粒或聚合物质,如聚酯,聚胺酸,水凝胶,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,聚酐,聚乙醇酸,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯,甲基纤维素,羧甲基纤维素,硫酸鱼精蛋白或丙交酯/乙交酯共聚物,聚交酯/乙交酯共聚物或乙烯乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以控制施用的组合物的递送。例如,可以将口服剂分别包埋在通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊中,分别使用羟基甲基纤维素或明胶微胶囊或聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊或胶体药物递送系统。胶体分散系统包括大分子复合物,纳米胶囊,微球,微珠和基于脂质的系统,包括水包油乳液,胶束,混合胶束和脂质体。制备上述制剂的方法对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
用于口服使用的制剂也可以为硬明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与惰性固体稀释剂例如碳酸钙、磷酸钙、高岭土或微晶纤维素混合,或者为软明胶胶囊,其中活性成分与水或油介质,例如花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油混合。
水性悬浮液含有与适于制造其的赋形剂混合的活性材料。这样的赋形剂可以是悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠,乙基纤维素,羟基丙基甲基纤维素,海藻酸钠,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或湿润剂,例如天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂)或烯氧化物与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯),或乙烯氧化物与长链脂肪醇(例如十七乙烯基氧基鲸蜡醇)或乙烯氧化物与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯)或乙烯氧化物与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的偏酯的缩合产物(例如,聚乙烯基脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)。水性悬浮液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂。
油性悬浮液可通过将活性成分悬浮于植物油(例如花生油,橄榄油,芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中来配制。油性悬浮液可含有增稠剂,例如蜂蜡,硬石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可加入如上述那些甜味剂和调味剂以提供可口的口服制剂。
适用于通过加水制备水性悬浮液的可分散粉末和颗粒提供了与分散剂或润湿剂、悬浮剂和一种或多种防腐剂混合的活性成分,本文例示了合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂。
本发明的药物组合物也可以是水包油乳剂的形式,油相可以是植物油,例如橄榄油或花生油,或矿物油,例如液体石蜡或这些的混合物,合适的乳化剂可以是天然存在的树胶,例如阿拉伯树胶或黄蓍胶;天然存在的磷脂,例如大豆、卵磷脂,以及由脂肪酸衍生的酯或偏酯;己糖醇酐,例如山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯;和部分酯与乙烯基氧化物的缩合产物,例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。
药物组合物通常包含治疗有效量的本发明所考虑的CD73抑制剂和一种或多种药学和生理学上可接受的制剂试剂。合适的药学上可接受的或生理上可接受的稀释剂、载体或赋形剂,包括但不限于抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸和硫酸氢钠),防腐剂(例如苯甲醇,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯),乳化剂,悬浮剂,分散剂,溶剂,填料,填充剂,洗涤剂,缓冲剂,赋形剂,稀释剂和/或佐剂。例如,合适的载体可以是生理盐水溶液或柠檬酸盐缓冲盐水,可能补充有用于肠胃外给药的药物组合物中常见的其它物质。中性缓冲盐水或与血清白蛋白混合的盐水是进一步的示例性载体。本领域技术人员将容易地认识到可用于本文考虑的药物组合物和剂型中的各种缓冲剂。典型的缓冲剂包括但不限于药学上可接受的弱酸、弱碱或其混合物。作为一个例子,缓冲组分可以是水溶性物质,如磷酸,酒石酸,乳酸,琥珀酸,柠檬酸,乙酸,抗坏血酸,天冬氨酸,谷氨酸及其盐。可接受的缓冲剂包括,例如,Tris缓冲液,N-(2-羟基乙基)哌嗪-N′-(2-乙磺酸)(HEPES),2-(N-吗啉)乙磺酸(MES),(N-吗啉)乙磺酸钠盐(MES),3-(N-吗啉)丙磺酸(MOPS)和N-三[羟基甲基]甲基-3-氨基丙磺酸(TAPS)。
在配制药物组合物后,可将其作为溶液、悬浮液、凝胶、乳液、固体或脱水或冻干粉储存在无菌小瓶中。这种制剂可以以即用形式、使用前需要重构的冻干形式,使用前需要稀释的液体形式或其他可接受的形式储存。在一些实施方式中,药物组合物在一次性使用容器(例如,一次性使用的小瓶、安瓿、注射器或自动注射器(类似于例如))中提供,而其他实施例中提供多用途的容器(例如,多用途的小瓶)。
制剂还可以包括载体以保护组合物免于从体内快速降解或消除,诸如控释制剂,其包括脂质体、水凝胶、前药和微囊化递送系统。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如单独的甘油单硬脂酸酯或硬脂酸甘油酯,或与蜡组合使用。任何药物递送装置都可用于递送CD73抑制剂,包括植入物(例如可植入泵)和导管系统,缓慢注射泵和装置,所有这些都是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
一般通过皮下或肌肉内给药的积存注射(depot injection)也可用于在限定的时间段内释放本文公开的CD73抑制剂。积存注射通常是基于固体或油基的,并且通常包含至少一种本文所述的制剂组分。本领域普通技术人员熟悉积存注射剂的可能的制剂和用途。
药物组合物可以是无菌可注射水性或油性悬浮液的形式。该悬浮液可根据已知技术使用本文提及的那些合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制。无菌可注射制剂也可以是在无毒肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液,例如,在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。可使用的可接受的稀释剂、溶剂和分散介质包括水、林格溶液,等渗氯化钠溶液,Cremophor ELTM(BASF,帕西帕尼,NJ)或磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS),乙醇,多元醇(例如甘油,丙基乙二醇和液态聚乙二醇)以及它们的合适混合物。另外,无菌的固定油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可以使用任何温和的固定油,包括合成的甘油一酯或甘油二酯。而且,脂肪酸如油酸可用于制备注射剂。可以通过包括延迟吸收的试剂(例如,单硬脂酸铝或明胶)来实现特定的可注射制剂的延长吸收。
本发明考虑以直肠给药的栓剂形式施用CD73抑制剂。栓剂可通过将药物与合适的无刺激性赋形剂混合来制备,所述赋形剂在常温下为固体,但在直肠温度下为液体,因此将在直肠中融化以释放药物。这种材料包括但不限于可可脂和聚乙二醇。
本发明考虑的CD73抑制剂可以是目前已知的或将来开发的任何其他合适的药物组合物(例如,用于鼻腔或吸入用途的喷雾剂)的形式。
给药方式
本发明考虑以任何适当的方式施用CD73抑制剂及其组合物。合适的给药途径包括口服,肠胃外(例如肌内,静脉内,皮下(例如注射或植入),腹膜内,脑池内,关节内,腹膜内,脑内(脑实质内)和脑室内),鼻,阴道,舌下,眼内,局部(例如透皮),口腔和吸入。一般通过皮下或肌肉内给药的积存注射也可用于在限定的时间段内释放本文公开的CD73抑制剂。
本发明的具体实施方式涵盖口服给药。
联合治疗
本发明考虑将CD73抑制剂单独或与一种或多种活性治疗剂组合使用。额外的活性治疗剂可以是小化学分子;大分子如蛋白质,抗体,肽体,肽,DNA,RNA或这些大分子的片段;或细胞或基因疗法。。在这种联合疗法中,各种活性剂通常具有不同的互补作用机制。这种联合疗法可以通过允许剂量减少一种或多种试剂而特别有益,由此减少或消除与一种或多种试剂相关的不利作用。此外,这种联合疗法可能对潜在的疾病、病症或病况具有协同的治疗或预防作用。
如本文所用,“组合”意指包括可以分开施用的疗法,例如分别配制用于单独施用(例如,如可以在试剂盒中提供的)以及可以在单一制剂中一起施用的疗法(即,“共同配制”)。
在某些实施方案中,CD73抑制剂是顺序施用或应用的,例如,其中一种药剂在一种或多种其他药剂之前施用。在其他实施方式中,同时给予CD73抑制剂,例如,两种或更多种药物在同时或大约同时给药;两种或更多种药剂可以以两种或更多种分开的制剂存在或组合成单一制剂(即共制剂)。无论两种或更多种药剂是按顺序施用还是同时施用,为了本发明的目的,它们被认为是组合施用。
在这种情况下,本发明的CD73抑制剂可以以任何合适的方式与至少一种其他(活性)剂组合使用。在一个实施方案中,在一段时间内维持用至少一种活性剂和至少一种本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗。在另一个实施方案中,当以恒定的给药方案用本发明的CD73抑制剂的治疗时,减少或中止用至少一种活性剂的治疗(例如当受试者稳定时)。在另一个实施方案中,当用本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗减少(例如,较低剂量,较少频率给药或更短治疗方案)时,减少或中止用至少一种活性剂的治疗(例如,当受试者稳定时)。在又一个实施方案中,减少或中止用至少一种活性剂治疗(例如,当受试者稳定时),并且增加用本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗(例如更高剂量,更频繁的剂量或更长时间治疗方案)。在又一个实施方案中,维持用至少一种活性剂的治疗并且减少或中止用本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗(例如,较低剂量,较少频率给药或较短治疗方案)。在又一个实施方案中,减少或中止用至少一种活性剂治疗和用本发明的CD73抑制剂治疗(例如,较低剂量,较少频率给药或较短治疗方案)。
肿瘤相关病症.本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂或诊断剂治疗和/或预防增殖性病症,癌症,肿瘤或癌前疾病、病症或病况的方法。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供了用于肿瘤生长的肿瘤抑制的方法,包括给予本文所述的CD73抑制剂与信号转导抑制剂(STI)以实现肿瘤生长的加成或协同抑制。如本文所用,术语“信号转导抑制剂”是指选择性抑制信号传导途径中的一个或多个步骤的药剂。本发明的信号转导抑制剂(STI)包括:(i)bcr/abl激酶抑制剂(例如GLEEVEC);(ii)表皮生长因子(EGF)受体抑制剂,包括激酶抑制剂和抗体;(iii)her-2/neu受体抑制剂(例如赫赛汀);(iv)Akt家族激酶抑制剂或Akt途径(例如雷帕霉素);(v)细胞周期激酶抑制剂(例如,夫拉平度);和(vi)磷脂酰肌醇激酶抑制剂。参与免疫调节的药剂也可以与本文所述的CD73抑制剂组合用于抑制癌症患者的肿瘤生长。
化学治疗剂的实例包括但不限于烷化剂,如噻替派和环磷酰胺;烷基磺酸盐,如白消安,英丙舒凡和哌泊舒凡;氮丙啶,如苯唑多巴,卡洛醌,米特多巴和乌雷多巴;乙烯亚胺和甲基三聚氰胺,包括六甲蜜胺,三乙撑蜜胺,三乙撑磷酰胺,三乙撑硫代磷酰胺和三羟甲基蜜胺;氮芥,如苯丁酸氮芥(chiorambucil),萘氮芥,氯磷酰胺,雌莫司汀,异环磷酰胺,二氯甲基二乙胺,二氯甲基二乙胺氧化物盐酸盐,美法仑,新恩比兴(novembichin),芬司特瑞(phenesterine),泼尼氮芥,曲洛磷胺,尿嘧啶氮芥;亚硝基脲,如卡莫司汀,氯脲毒素,福莫司汀,洛莫司汀,尼莫司汀,拉莫司汀;抗生素,如阿克拉霉素(aclacinomysin),放线菌素,安曲霉素(authramycin),重氮丝氨酸,博来霉素(bleomycin),放线菌素C,加利车霉素,卡拉比星(carabicin),卡米诺霉素(caminomycin),嗜癌菌素(carzinophilin),色霉素,更生霉素,柔红霉素,地托比星(detorubicin),6-重氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸,多柔比星,表柔比星,阿柔比星,伊达比星,麻西罗霉素,丝裂霉素,霉酚酸,诺加霉素,橄榄霉素,培洛霉素,泼非霉素(potfiromycin),嘌呤霉素,奎拉霉素(quelamycin),罗多比星(rodorubicin),链黑菌素,链佐星,杀结核菌素,乌苯美司,净司他丁,佐柔比星;抗代谢物,如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,如二甲叶酸,甲氨喋呤,喋呤,三甲曲沙;嘌呤类似物,如氟达拉滨,6-巯基嘌呤,硫胺素,硫鸟嘌呤;嘧啶类似物,如安西他滨,阿扎胞苷,6-氮尿苷,卡莫氟,阿糖胞苷,双脱氧尿苷,去氧氟尿苷,依诺他滨,氟尿苷,5-FU;雄激素,如卡普睾酮,屈他雄酮丙酸酯,环硫雄醇,美雄烷,睾内酯;抗肾上腺素,如氨鲁米特,米托坦,曲洛司坦;叶酸补充剂,如亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯;醛磷酰胺糖苷;氨基乙酰丙酸;安吖啶;贝司布西(bestrabucil);比生群;艾达曲克(edatraxate);得弗伐胺(defofamine);地美可辛;地吖醌(diaziquone);艾福米辛(elformithine);依利醋铵;依托格鲁;硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖;氯尼达明;丙眯腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌;莫派达明(mopidamol);二胺硝吖啶(nitracrine);喷司他丁;凡那明(phenamet);吡柔比星;鬼臼酸;2-乙基酰肼;丙卡巴肼;雷佐生(razoxane);西佐喃(sizofiran);螺环锗(spirogermanium);细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2′,2”-三氯三乙胺;乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露氮芥;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷;甲托辛(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(Ara-C);环磷酰胺;塞替派;类紫杉醇,例如紫杉醇和多西他赛;苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他滨;6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂和铂配位化合物,如顺铂和卡铂;长春碱;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;丝裂霉素C;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;长春瑞滨;诺维苯(navelbine);诺凡特龙(novantrone);替尼泊苷;道诺霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达;伊班膦酸盐;CPT11;拓扑异构酶抑制剂;二氟乙酰鸟氨酸(DMFO);视黄酸;埃司波霉素(esperamicin);卡培他滨;以及上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
化学治疗剂还包括用于调节或抑制对诸如抗雌激素的激素作用的抗激素剂,包括例如他莫昔芬,雷洛昔芬,芳香酶抑制4(5)-咪唑,4-羟基他莫昔芬,曲沃昔芬,雷洛西芬,奥那司酮和托瑞米芬;和抗雄性激素药,如氟他胺,尼鲁米特,比卡鲁胺,亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;以及上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。在某些实施方案中,联合治疗包括施用激素或相关的激素药剂。
可以与CD73抑制剂组合使用的其他治疗方式包括放射疗法,针对肿瘤抗原的单克隆抗体,单克隆抗体和毒素的复合物,T细胞佐剂,骨髓移植物或抗原呈递细胞(例如,树突细胞疗法),包括用于刺激这种抗原呈递细胞的TLR激动剂。
在某些实施方式中,本发明考虑将本文所述的化合物与过继细胞疗法组合使用,过继细胞疗法是一种新的和有希望的个性化免疫疗法形式,其中向癌症患者施用具有抗肿瘤活性的免疫细胞。正在使用肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)和经过工程改造以表达例如嵌合抗原受体(CAR)或T细胞受体(TCR)的T细胞来研究过继细胞疗法。过继细胞疗法通常涉及从个体收集T细胞,遗传修饰它们以靶向特定抗原或增强它们的抗肿瘤作用,将它们扩增到足够数量,并将遗传修饰的T细胞输注到癌症患者体内。可以从患者收集T细胞,然后将扩增的细胞再输注(例如,自体的)到该患者,或者可以从供体患者(例如,同种异体的)收集T细胞。
在某些实施方案中,本发明考虑将本文所述的化合物与基于RNA干扰的疗法组合用于沉默基因表达。RNAi开始于将较长的双链RNA裂解成小的干扰RNA(siRNA)。将siRNA的一条链掺入称为RNA诱导的沉默复合物(RISC)的核糖核蛋白复合物中,然后将其用于鉴定与掺入的siRNA链至少部分互补的mRNA分子。RISC可以结合或裂解mRNA,两者都抑制转译。
免疫检查点抑制剂.本发明考虑将本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与免疫检查点抑制剂组合使用。
作为所有癌症特征的大量遗传和表观遗传学改变提供了多种抗原,免疫系统可用其来将肿瘤细胞与正常细胞相区分。在T细胞的情况下,由通过T细胞受体(TCR)产生的抗原识别启动的应答的最终幅度(例如,细胞因子产生或增殖的水平)和质量(例如,所产生的免疫应答的类型,例如细胞因子产生的模式)受共刺激信号和抑制信号(免疫检查点)之间的平衡调节。在正常生理条件下,免疫检查点对于预防自身免疫(即维持自身耐受性)以及在免疫系统对致病性感染作出反应时保护组织免受伤害至关重要。免疫检查点蛋白的表达可被肿瘤失调为重要的免疫抗性机制。
免疫检查点(配体和受体)的实例,其中一些在各种类型的肿瘤细胞中被选择性地上调,是用于阻断的候选者;包括PD1(程序性细胞死亡蛋白1);PDL1(PD1配体);BTLA(B和T淋巴细胞衰减剂);CTLA4(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4);TIM3(T细胞膜蛋白3);LAG3(淋巴细胞激活基因3);TIGIT(具有Ig和ITIM结构域的T细胞免疫受体);A2aR(腺苷A2a受体A2aR);和杀伤剂抑制性受体,根据其结构特征可将其分为两类:i)杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)和ii)C型凝集素受体(II型跨膜受体家族的成员)。文献中已经描述了其他较不明确的免疫检查点,包括两种受体(例如2B4(也称为CD244)受体)和配体(例如某些B7家族抑制性配体,例如B7-H3(也称为CD276)和B7-H4(也称为B7-S1,B7x和VCTN1)),[见Pardoll,(2012年4月)Nature Rev.Cancer 12:252-64]。
本发明考虑了本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与上述免疫检查点受体和配体的抑制剂以及将要描述的免疫检查点受体和配体的组合。某些免疫检查点的调节剂目前可用,而另一些则处于后期开发阶段。举例来说,2011年完全人源化的CTLA4单克隆抗体伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)(YERVOY;百时美施贵宝)被批准用于治疗黑色素瘤时,它成为美国首个获得监管批准的免疫检查点抑制剂。已经将包含CTLA4和抗体(CTLA4-Ig;阿巴西普-abatcept(ORENCIA;百时美施贵宝))的融合蛋白用于治疗类风湿性关节炎,并且其他融合蛋白已经显示在对爱泼斯坦巴尔病毒敏感的肾脏移植患者中有效。正在开发PD1抗体(例如,纳武单抗(百时美施贵宝)和拉立珠单抗(lambrolizumab)(默克)),并且正在评估抗PDL1抗体(例如MPDL3280A(罗氏))。纳武单抗在黑色素瘤,肺癌和肾癌患者中表现出前景。
本发明包括上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。
代谢和心血管病症.本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂或诊断剂治疗和/或预防某些心血管和/或代谢相关疾病、病症和病况以及与之相关的病症的方法。
可用于治疗高胆固醇血症(以及动脉粥样硬化)的治疗剂的实例包括抑制胆固醇酶促合成的他汀类药物(例如CRESTOR,LESCOL,LIPITOR,MEVACOR,PRAVACOL和ZOCOR);胆汁酸树脂(例如,COLESTID,LO-CHOLEST,PREVALITE,QUESTRAN和WELCHOL),其螯合胆固醇并防止其吸收;依泽替米贝(ZETIA),阻止胆固醇吸收;纤维酸(例如TRICOR),其减少甘油三酯并可适度增加HDL;烟酸(例如NIACOR),其适度降低LDL胆固醇和甘油三酯;和/或前述的组合(例如,VYTORIN(依泽替米贝与辛伐他汀))。可以与本文所述的CD73抑制剂组合使用的备选胆固醇治疗剂包括各种补充剂和草药(例如大蒜,多廿烷醇和印度香胶树(guggul))。
本发明包括上述任一种的药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
免疫相关病症和具有炎症成分的病症.本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂或诊断剂治疗和/或预防免疫相关疾病、病症和病况;和具有炎性成分的疾病、病症和病况的方法。
用于联合治疗的治疗剂的实例对潜在的疾病、病症或病况具有特异性,并且是本领域技术人员已知的。
微生物疾病.本发明提供了用CD73抑制剂和至少一种另外的治疗剂或诊断剂(例如一种或多种其他抗病毒剂和/或一种或多种与病毒疗法无关的试剂)治疗和/或预防病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫疾病、病症和病况以及与之相关的病症的方法。
这种组合疗法包括靶向各种病毒生命周期阶段并具有不同作用机制的抗病毒剂,包括但不限于以下:病毒脱壳抑制剂(例如金刚烷胺和利安替丁);逆转录酶抑制剂(例如阿昔洛韦,齐多夫定和拉米夫定);靶向整合酶的药物;阻断转录因子与病毒DNA结合的药物;影响翻译的药物(例如反义分子)(例如,弗米韦森(fomivirsen));调节翻译/核糖核苷酶功能的药物;蛋白酶抑制剂;病毒组装调节剂(例如利福平);抗逆转录病毒药,例如核苷类似物逆转录酶抑制剂(例如叠氮胸苷(AZT),dd1,ddC,3TC,d4T);非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(例如依法韦仑,奈韦拉平);核苷酸类似物逆转录酶抑制剂;和防止病毒颗粒释放的药物(例如扎那米韦和奥司他韦)。某些病毒感染(例如HIV)的治疗和/或预防通常需要抗病毒剂的组(“鸡尾酒”)。
与CD73抑制剂组合使用的其他抗病毒剂包括但不限于以下:阿巴卡韦,阿德福韦,金刚烷胺,安普那韦,安普利近,阿比朵尔,阿扎那韦,立普妥,波谱瑞韦尔特(boceprevirertet),西多福韦,可比韦(combivir),地瑞那韦(darunavir),地拉夫定,地达诺新,二十二烷醇,依托度汀(edoxudine),恩曲他滨,恩夫韦地(enfuvirtide),恩替卡韦,泛昔洛韦,福沙那韦,膦甲酸,膦乙醇(fosfonet),(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_inhibitor)、更昔洛韦,伊巴他宾,异丙肌苷(imunovir),碘苷(idoxuridine),咪喹莫特(imiquimod),印第那韦(indinavir),肌苷,各种干扰素(例如聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a),洛匹那韦,洛非利定,马拉维罗,吗啉脒胍(moroxydine),甲吲噻腙(methisazone),奈非那韦,多吉美(nexavir),喷昔洛韦,帕拉米韦,普可那利,鬼臼毒素,雷特格韦(raltegravir),利巴韦林,利托那韦,普拉咪定(pyramidine),沙奎那韦(saquinavir),司他夫定(stavudine),特拉匹韦(telaprevir),替诺福韦,替拉那韦(tipranavir),曲氟尿苷(trifluridine),曲利志韦(trizivir),曲金刚胺,特鲁瓦达,伐昔洛韦,缬更昔洛韦,维克维若(vicriviroc),阿糖腺苷,韦拉咪定(viramidine)和扎西他滨。
本发明考虑将本文所述的CD73功能抑制剂与抗寄生虫剂联合使用。这些药物包括但不限于噻苯达唑,双羟萘酸噻嘧啶,甲苯咪唑,吡喹酮,氯硝柳胺,硫双二氯酚,奥沙尼喹,三氯磷酸酯,依维菌素,阿苯达唑,依氟鸟氨酸,美拉胂醇,喷他脒,苄硝唑,硝呋莫司和硝基咪唑。本领域技术人员知道可用于治疗寄生虫病的其他药剂。
本发明的实施方案考虑将本文所述的CD73抑制剂与可用于治疗或预防细菌病症的药剂组合使用。可以按照各种方式对抗菌剂进行分类,包括基于作用机制,基于化学结构以及基于活性谱。抗细菌剂的实例包括靶向细菌细胞壁(例如头孢菌素和青霉素)或细胞膜(例如多粘菌素)或者干扰必需细菌酶(例如磺酰胺,利福霉素和喹啉)的那些。靶向蛋白质合成的大多数抗菌剂(例如四环素和大环内酯类)是抑菌剂,而诸如氨基糖苷类的试剂是杀菌剂。另一种分类抗菌剂的方法是基于它们的靶向特异性;“窄谱”药剂靶向特定类型的细菌(例如,革兰氏阳性菌,如链球菌),而“广谱”药剂具有靶向更广泛范围的细菌的活性。本领域技术人员知道适用于特定细菌感染的抗菌剂的类型。
本发明的实施方案考虑将本文所述的CD73抑制剂与可用于治疗或预防真菌病症的药剂联合使用。抗真菌剂包括多烯类(例如,两性霉素,制霉菌素和匹马霉素);唑类(例如,氟康唑,伊曲康唑和酮康唑);烯丙胺(例如萘替芬和特比萘芬)和吗啉(例如阿莫罗芬);和抗代谢物(例如5-氟胞嘧啶)。
本发明包括上述药剂(和药剂种类成员)的药学上可接受的盐,酸或衍生物。
剂量
本发明的CD73抑制剂可以以依赖于例如施用目标(例如,所需的分辨度),该制剂给药对象的年龄、体重、性别、健康和身体状况;施用途径;以及疾病、病症、病况或其症状的性质的量施用于受试者。给药方案还可以考虑与所施用的药剂相关的任何不良作用的存在与否、性质和程度,有效剂量和剂量方案可容易地从例如安全性和剂量递增试验,体内研究(例如动物模型)和本领域技术人员已知的其他方法确定。
通常,给药参数规定剂量小于对受试者可能具有不可逆毒性的量(最大耐受剂量(MTD))并且不小于对受试者产生可测量效果所需的量。考虑给药途径和其他因素,这些量由例如与ADME相关的药代动力学和药效学参数确定。
有效剂量(ED)是在服用它的一部分受试者中产生治疗反应或所需效果的药剂的剂量或量。药剂的“中值有效剂量”或ED50是在其给药的群体的50%中产生治疗反应或所需作用的药剂的剂量或量。尽管ED50通常用于衡量药物效应的合理预期,但临床医生在考虑所有相关因素后可能认为适当的剂量不一定是合适的剂量。因此,在某些情况下,有效量大于计算的ED50,在其他情况下,有效量小于计算的ED50,而在其他情况下,有效量与计算的ED50相同。
另外,本发明的CD73抑制剂的有效剂量可以是当以一个或多个剂量给予受试者时,相对于健康受试者产生期望结果的量。例如,对于经历特定病症的受试者,有效剂量可以是该量将该病症的诊断参数、测量、标记等改善至少约5%,至少约10%,至少约20%,至少约25%,至少约30%,至少约40%,至少约50%,至少约60%,至少约70%,至少约80%,至少约90%或更多超过90%的剂量,其中100%被定义为正常受试者表现出的诊断参数、度量、标记等。
在某些实施方案中,本发明考虑的CD73抑制剂可以以每天一次或多次约0.01mg/kg受试者体重/天至约50mg/kg受试者体重/天,或约1mg/kg受试者体重/天至约25mg/kg受试者体重/天的剂量水平施用(例如,口服),以获得所需的治疗效果。
对于口服剂的给药,组合物可以以含有1.0-1000毫克活性成分的片剂、胶囊等形式提供,具体地,1.0、3.0、5.0、10.0、15.0、20.0、25.0、50.0、75.0、100.0、150.0、200.0、250.0、300.0、400.0、500.0、600.0、750.0、800.0、900.0和1000.0毫克活性成分。
在某些实施方案中,所需CD73抑制剂的剂量包含在“单位剂型”中。短语“单位剂型”是指物理上不连续的单位,每个单位含有预定量的单独的或与一种或多种另外的试剂组合的足以产生所需的效果的CD73抑制剂。应该理解,单位剂型的参数将取决于特定的药剂和待实现的效果。
试剂盒
本发明还考虑了包含CD73抑制剂的试剂盒及其药物组合物。如下所述,试剂盒通常为容纳各种组分的物理结构的形式,并且可以用于,例如,实施上述方法。
试剂盒可以包括本文公开的一种或多种CD73抑制剂(例如在无菌容器中提供),其可以呈适合施用于受试者的药物组合物的形式。CD73抑制剂可以以准备使用的形式(例如片剂或胶囊)或以需要例如在给药之前重新配制或稀释的形式(例如粉末)提供。当CD73抑制剂处于需要由使用者重建或稀释的形式时,试剂盒还可以包含稀释剂(例如无菌水)、缓冲剂、药学上可接受的赋形剂等,与CD73抑制剂一起或分开包装。当考虑联合治疗时,试剂盒可以单独包含几种试剂,或者它们可能已经在试剂盒中组合。试剂盒的每个组分可以被包含在单独的容器内,并且所有的各种容器可以在单个包装内。本发明的试剂盒可以被设计用于适当地保持容纳在其中的组分(例如,冷藏或冷冻)所需的条件。
试剂盒可以包含标签或包装插页,其包括其中组分的识别信息和使用说明(例如,剂量参数,活性成分的临床药理学,包括作用机制,药代动力学和药效学,不良作用,禁忌症等)。标签或插页可以包含制造商信息,如批号和到期日期。标签或包装插页可以例如整合到容纳组分的物理结构中,单独包含在物理结构内,或者附着到试剂盒的组分(例如安瓿,管或小瓶)上。
标签或插页可以附加地包括或结合到如下的计算机可读载体中,诸如磁盘(例如,硬盘、卡、存储盘),光盘,诸如CD或DVD-ROM/RAM,DVD、MP3、磁带,或者这些的组合,诸如RAM和ROM的电存储载体或者诸如磁/光存储媒介、FLASH媒介或者记忆型存储卡之类的。在一些实施方式中,实际的说明不在试剂盒中,但是提供了用于从远程源,例如通过互联网获得指示的手段。
实施例
提出以下实施例是为了给本领域普通技术人员完整公开和描述关于如何制造和使用本发明,并不旨在限制发明人视为其发明的范围,也不表示下面的实验已经完成或者它们是可能执行的所有实验。应该理解,用现在时写出的示例性描述不一定被执行,而是可以执行该描述以生成其中描述的性质的数据等,已经努力确保所使用的数字(例如量,温度等)的准确性,但是应该考虑到一些实验误差和偏差。以下实施例中使用的选定中间体可以在公开的文献中找到,包括例如WO 2017/120508,其通过引用并入本文。
除非另有说明,份数是重量份数,分子量是重均分子量,温度以摄氏度为单位(℃)以及压力处于或接近大气压。使用了标准的缩写,包括如下:wt=野生型;bp=碱基对;kb=千碱基;nt=核苷酸;aa=氨基酸;s或sec=秒;min=分钟;h或hr=小时;ng=纳克;μg=微克;mg=毫克;g=克;kg=千克;dl或dL=分升;μl或μL=微升;ml或mL=毫升;l或L=升;μM=微摩尔;mM=毫摩尔;M=摩尔;kDa=千道尔顿;i.m.=肌肉内;i.p.=腹膜内;SC或SQ=皮下;QD=每日;BID=每天两次;QW=每周;QM=每月;HPLC=高效液相色谱;BW=体重;U=单位;ns=无统计学意义;PBS=磷酸盐缓冲盐水;IHC=免疫组织化学;DMEM=Dulbeco对Eagle培养基的修改;EDTA=乙二胺四乙酸。
LC:Agilent 1100序列;质谱仪:Agilent G6120BA,单四极LC-MS方法:AgilentZorbax Eclipse Plus C18,4.6×100mm,3.5μM,35℃,1.5mL/min流速,0%至100%B梯度洗涤的2.5min以及100%B洗涤的0.5min;A=0.1%甲酸/5%乙腈/94.9%水;B=0.1%甲酸/5%水/94.9%乙腈
快速柱:ISCO Rf+
逆相HPLC:ISCO-EZ;柱:Kinetex 5μm EVO C18 100A;250×21.2mm(菲罗门)
实施例1
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将2,6-二氯-9-(2,3,5-三-O-乙酰基-β-D-呋喃核糖基)嘌呤(13.5g,30mmol)、环戊胺(3.2mL,33mmol,1.1当量)和三乙胺(4.6mL,33mmol,1.1当量)的MeOH(60mL)溶液的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入7M NH3的MeOH(20mL)溶液,并将反应物在室温下搅拌1天。蒸发反应混合物,粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H21ClN5O4,计算值370.1,实测值370.2。
步骤b:将来自步骤a的产物溶于丙酮(100mL)中,并加入2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(40mL)和p-TsOH×H2O(7.1g,37.5mmol,1.25当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用盐水(100mL)稀释,并小心地用饱和NaHCO3(200mL)淬灭。用EtOAc(2×200mL)萃取后,将合并的有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,将其不经纯化用于下一步骤(12.2g,98%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H25ClN5O4,计算值410.2,实测值410.1。
步骤c:将来自步骤b的产物(410mg,1mmol)溶解在无水DMF(5mL)中并冷却至0℃,然后加入60%NaH(60mg,1.5mmol,1.5当量)并且反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时。加入对甲苯磺酰氧基甲基膦酸二乙酯(386mg,1.2mmol,1.2当量),将反应缓慢升温至室温并搅拌过夜。用H2O(20mL)稀释并用MTBE(2×10mL)萃取,将合并的有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物,将其不经纯化用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C23H36ClN5O7P,计算值560.2,实测值560.1。
步骤d:将来自步骤c的产物溶于无水CH3CN(5mL)中,加入TMS-Br(0.5mL)并将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜。用H2O(1mL)淬灭并在室温下搅拌4小时,或直至LCMS分析显示丙酮化物保护基团完全裂解。蒸发反应混合物并通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至30%乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水的梯度)纯化,得到产物,为白色固体,18.5%收率(107mg):1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.41(s,1H),8.39–8.26(m,1H),5.84(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.53(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.48–4.35(m,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.3Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.79–3.65(m,2H),3.62(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),2.05–1.85(m,2H),1.78–1.44(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O7P,计算值464.1,实测值464.2。
实施例2
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(苄基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.65(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.26(s,1H),7.40–7.18(m,5H),5.94(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.72(s,2H),4.60(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.15(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.78–3.64(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.8Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H23N5O7P,计算值452.1,实测值452.2
实施例3
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(苄基氨基)-2-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.93(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.44(s,1H),7.37–7.22(m,5H),5.85(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.68–4.61(m,2H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.15–4.09(m,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.9Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H22ClN5O7P,计算值486.1,实测值486.2。
实施例4
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[环戊基(甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.36(s,1H),5.81(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.48–4.43(m,1H),4.07–4.02(m,1H),3.98(q,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.69–3.59(m,2H),3.55(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.42–2.76(m,3H),1.91–1.39(m,8H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H26ClN5O7P,计算值478.1,实测值478.2。
实施例5
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(2-氯苯基)甲基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.97–8.90(m,1H),8.49(s,1H),7.50–7.43(m,1H),7.33–7.25(m,3H),5.87(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.75–4.67(m,2H),4.56(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.16–4.02(m,2H),3.78–3.65(m,2H),3.62(d,J=8.9Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H21Cl2N5O7P,计算值520.1,实测值520.1。
实施例6
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(2-氯苯基)甲基](甲基)氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.56–8.33(m,1H),7.54–7.48(m,1H),7.36–7.27(m,2H),7.23–7.08(m,1H),5.88(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),5.63(s,1H),5.00(s,1H),4.54(s,1H),4.15–4.01(m,2H),3.78–3.55(m,5H),3.17(s,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H23Cl2N5O7P,计算值534.1,实测值534.1
实施例7
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64–8.52(m,1H),8.46(s,1H),5.86(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.63(s,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.3Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.96–3.83(m,2H),3.78–3.66(m,3H),3.64–3.59(m,3H),2.27–1.88(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O8P,计算值466.1,实测值466.1。
实施例8
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3R)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.63–8.51(m,1H),8.45(s,1H),5.86(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.63(s,1H),4.57–4.51(m,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.3Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.96–3.83(m,2H),3.79–3.66(m,3H),3.62(d,J=8.9Hz,3H),2.29–1.83(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O8P,计算值466.1,实测值466.1。
实施例9
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(丙烷-2-基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(s,1H),8.21–8.09(m,1H),5.79(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.23(dd,J=4.8,1.9Hz,1H),4.02(s,1H),3.66–3.50(m,3H),3.42–3.19(m,3H),1.21(dd,J=6.5,2.1Hz,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C14H22ClN5O7P,计算值438.1,实测值438.1。
实施例10
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(2,2-二甲基丙基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.44(s,1H),8.30(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),4.07–4.03(m,1H),3.82(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.77–3.66(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.4Hz,2H),3.38–3.21(m,1H),0.91(s,9H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H26ClN5O7P,计算值466.1,实测值466.2。
实施例11
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(环丙基甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),8.43(s,1H),5.84(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.15–4.09(m,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.78–3.66(m,2H),3.62(dd,J=8.9,1.2Hz,2H),3.33–3.27(m,2H),1.17–1.06(m,1H),0.46–0.39(m,2H),0.31–0.24(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O7P,计算值450.1,实测值450.1。
实施例12
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环丁基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.43(s,1H),5.84(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.61(q,J=8.1Hz,1H),4.56–4.50(m,1H),4.15–4.09(m,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.78–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),2.35–2.00(m,4H),1.74–1.61(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O7P,计算值450.1,实测值450.1。
实施例13
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(吡咯烷-1-基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.41(s,1H),5.86(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=6.2,4.9Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.09–4.00(m,3H),3.76–3.65(m,2H),3.65–3.56(m,4H),2.05–1.86(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O7P,计算值450.1,实测值450.2。
实施例14
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(哌啶-1-基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.44(s,1H),5.87(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.76–3.65(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.0Hz,2H),1.72–1.54(m,5H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O7P,计算值464.1,实测值464.2。
实施例15
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(吗啉-4-基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.77(s,1H),5.82(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.14(dd,J=7.5,4.7Hz,1H),4.27–4.21(m,1H),4.05–4.00(m,1H),3.78–3.66(m,4H),3.61–3.48(m,2H),3.35(dd,J=12.1,7.6Hz,1H),3.27–3.15(m,1H).ESIMS[M+H]+,C15H22ClN5O8P,计算值466.1,实测值466.1。
实施例16
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(4-甲氧基哌啶-1-基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46(s,1H),5.87(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.77–3.64(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.2Hz,2H),3.56–3.45(m,1H),3.29(s,3H),1.94(dd,J=8.1,4.8Hz,2H),1.57–1.45(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H26ClN5O8P,计算值494.1,实测值494.2。
实施例17
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(2-甲氧基乙基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.70(s,1H),8.49–8.12(m,1H),5.79(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),5.03(s,1H),4.24(dd,J=4.7,1.9Hz,1H),4.03(s,1H),3.69–3.46(m,4H),3.42–3.18(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C14H22ClN5O8P,计算值454.1,实测值454.2。
实施例18
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(1S)-1-苯基乙基]氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.45(s,1H),7.43(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.41(p,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.51(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),4.07–4.01(m,1H),3.78–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),1.54(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H24ClN5O7P,计算值500.1,实测值500.2。
实施例19
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(1R)-1-苯基乙基]氨基-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.44(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.21(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),5.41(p,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.15–4.07(m,1H),4.07–4.01(m,1H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.8Hz,2H),1.54(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H24ClN5O7P,计算值500.1,实测值500.2。
实施例20
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(2,3-二氢-1H-异吲哚-2-基))-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.52(s,1H),7.54–7.43(m,2H),7.41–7.32(m,2H),5.91(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),5.41(s,2H),4.98(s,2H),4.61–4.55(m,1H),4.14(dd,J=4.9,3.1Hz,1H),4.07(q,J=3.5Hz,1H),3.80–3.67(m,2H),3.63(d,J=8.9Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H22ClN5O7P,计算值498.1,实测值498.1。
实施例21
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(2-苯基乙基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50–8.33(m,2H),7.33–7.17(m,5H),5.84(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.79–3.57(m,6H),2.92(t,J=7.4Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H24ClN5O7P,计算值500.1,实测值500.2。
实施例22
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[2-(2-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54–8.39(m,2H),7.33–7.07(m,5H),5.84(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.57–4.52(m,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.77–3.57(m,6H),2.96(t,J=7.2Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H23ClFN5O7P,计算值518.1,实测值518.2。
实施例23
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[2-(2-甲氧基苯基)乙基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46–8.33(m,2H),7.22–7.11(m,2H),6.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.84(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.57–4.51(m,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.82–3.56(m,9H),2.89(t,J=7.3Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H26ClN5O8P,计算值530.1,实测值530.2。
实施例24
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[2-(2-氯苯基)乙基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54–8.39(m,2H),7.45–7.40(m,1H),7.36–7.32(m,1H),7.29–7.22(m,2H),5.84(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.77–3.57(m,6H),3.08–3.03(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H23Cl2N5O7P,计算值534.1,实测值534.2。
实施例25
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环丙基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53(s,1H),8.42(s,1H),5.85(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.4Hz,2H),2.97(s,1H),0.84–0.56(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C14H20ClN5O7P,计算值436.1,实测值436.1。
实施例26
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.05(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),8.82–8.78(m,1H),8.72–8.68(m,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.26(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.83–7.76(m,1H),5.86(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.78(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.54(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.77–3.66(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.5Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H21ClN6O7P,计算值487.1,实测值487.1。
实施例27
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(吡啶-3-基甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.06(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.84(s,1H),8.74(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),8.50(s,1H),8.33(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.89–7.83(m,1H),5.86(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.80(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),4.55(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.15–4.10(m,1H),4.06(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.62(dd,J=9.0,1.5Hz,2H).ESIMS[M+H]+,C17H21ClN6O7P,计算值487.1,实测值487.2。
实施例28
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(吡啶-4-基甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.15(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.78(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),8.54(s,1H),7.85(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),5.87(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),4.57(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.16–4.02(m,2H),3.78–3.66(m,2H),3.65–3.59(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H21ClN6O7P,计算值487.1,实测值487.1。
实施例29
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(1-甲基环戊基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基]}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.44(s,1H),7.82(s,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=6.0,4.9Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.4Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.79–3.64(m,2H),3.62(dd,J=8.9,2.1Hz,2H),2.30–2.19(m,2H),1.77–1.57(m,6H),1.50(s,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H26ClN5O7P,计算值478.1,实测值478.2。
实施例30
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[1-(甲氧基甲基)环戊基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(s,1H),7.56(s,1H),5.85(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=6.1,4.9Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.3Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.79–3.65(m,4H),3.62(dd,J=8.9,2.1Hz,2H),3.24(s,3H),2.27–2.12(m,2H),1.85–1.50(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H28ClN5O8P,计算值508.1,实测值508.2。
实施例31
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[1-(甲氧基羰基)环戊基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.82(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),5.85(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.55(dd,J=6.2,4.9Hz,1H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.79–3.65(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,2.1Hz,2H),3.55(s,3H),2.30–2.06(m,4H),1.84–1.60(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H26ClN5O9P,计算值522.1,实测值522.2。
实施例32
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(1-甲基吡咯烷-3-基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.94–8.63(m,1H),8.51(s,1H),5.87(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.90–4.73(m,1H),4.55(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.80–3.52(m,5H),3.49–3.02(m,2H),2.89(dd,J=16.0,4.7Hz,4H),2.36–2.06(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H25ClN6O7P,计算值479.1,实测值479.2。
实施例33
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基))甲基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(t,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.43(s,1H),7.58(s,1H),7.38(s,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.48–4.43(m,2H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.3Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),3.75–3.65(m,2H),3.62(d,J=8.9Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H22ClN7O7P,计算值490.1,实测值490.2。
实施例34
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(环戊-3-烯-1-基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.43(s,1H),5.85(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.73(s,2H),4.78–4.66(m,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.14–4.09(m,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.80–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),2.85–2.61(m,2H),2.46–2.27(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H22ClN5O7P,计算值462.1,实测值462.1。
实施例35
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(4-甲基-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)甲基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.12–8.99(m,2H),8.51(s,1H),5.86(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.87(s,2H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.06(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),3.77–3.65(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.6Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H21ClN8O7P,计算值491.1,实测值491.2。
实施例36
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[顺-(2-羟基环戊基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将缩丙酮保护的2,6-二氯嘌呤核苷(361mg,1mmol)和三氟甲磺酸酯(326mg,1.2mmol,1.2当量)在无水THF(10mL)中的混合物冷却至-78℃,然后逐滴加入1MLiHMDS的THF(1.2mL,1.2mmol,1.2当量)溶液。将反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌1.5小时,然后用饱和的NH4Cl(2mL)+H2O(2mL)溶液淬灭,用EtOAc(5mL)稀释。分离有机层,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过柱色谱(SiO2,DCM→DCM:MeOH,9:1)纯化粗产物,得到黄色油状物(270mg,53%)。蒸发反应混合物,粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H26Cl2N4O7P,计算值511.1,实测值511.2。
步骤b和c与实施例1类似:通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至30%梯度的乙腈和含有0.1%TFA的水)纯化产物,得到产物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46(s,1H),7.37(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.54(dd,J=6.0,4.9Hz,1H),4.24–4.15(m,1H),4.15–4.09(m,2H),4.05(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.79–3.65(m,2H),3.64–3.58(m,2H),2.03–1.46(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O8P,计算值480.1,实测值480.2。
实施例37
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[顺-(3-羟基环戊基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例36类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,
DMSO-d6)δ8.42(s,1H),8.13(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.53(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.50–4.39(m,1H),4.19–4.09(m,2H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.78–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),2.19–2.08(m,1H),2.02–1.88(m,1H),1.82–1.69(m,2H),1.67–1.51(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O8P,计算值480.1,实测值480.2。
实施例38
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[4-(甲氧基甲基)哌啶-1-基]-9H-嘌呤9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用4-(甲氧基甲基)-哌啶代替环戊胺,以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(s,1H),5.87(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.53(dd,J=6.2,4.9Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.81–3.64(m,2H),3.61(dd,J=8.9,1.1Hz,2H),3.23(s,3H),3.19(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.03–1.84(m,1H),1.79(d,J=12.9Hz,2H),1.18(q,J=11.2,10.6Hz,2H)..ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H28ClN5O8P,计算值508.1,实测值508.2
实施例39
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(3-甲氧基哌啶-1-基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用3-甲氧基哌啶代替环戊胺,以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),5.87(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.53(dt,J=6.1,4.7Hz,1H),4.12(dd,J=4.9,3.2Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.6Hz,1H),3.76–3.65(m,2H),3.64–3.58(m,2H),3.38(s,1H),3.27(s,3H),1.99–1.86(m,1H),1.76(s,1H),1.68(dd,J=12.0,7.1Hz,1H),1.51(s,1H)..ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H26ClN5O8P,计算值494.1,实测值494.4
实施例40
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(2-甲氧基-1-苯基乙基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用(1S)-2-甲氧基-1-苯基乙胺代替环戊胺,以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.89(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),8.45(d,J=17.9Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.33(dd,J=8.3,6.8Hz,3H),7.25(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.52(q,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.54(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.12(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.04(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.81(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.69(td,J=11.2,4.0Hz,2H),3.60(ddd,J=12.3,8.2,3.5Hz,3H),3.28(d,J=3.9Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+C20H26ClN5O8P,计算值530.1,实测值530.2
实施例41
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[(环戊基甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45(t,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.41(s,1H),5.84(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.61-4.47(m,1H),4.12(t,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.04(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.85-3.51(m,5H),3.36(m,1H),2.38-2.13(m,1H),1.77-1.39(m,6H),1.34-1.12(m,2H).ESI MS[M+H],C17H25ClN5O7P,计算值478.1,实测值478.2。
实施例42
([[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(环戊基氨基)-2-苯基-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将实施例1的步骤c产物(250mg,0.45mmol)、苯硼酸(82mg,0.67mmol)和碳酸钠(142mg,3.75mmol)悬浮于3:1的THF:H2O(3mL)中。将该混合物用N2喷射脱气10分钟。随后加入Pd(PPh3)4(52mg,0.045mmol),将所得混合物再脱气5分钟,然后密封并加热至80℃过夜。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释并用水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。柱色谱(SiO2,0-10%梯度的MeOH和CH2Cl2)后得到标题化合物(108mg,40%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C29H40N5O7P,计算值602.3,实测值602.4。
步骤b:使用与实施例1相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.44–8.37(m,3H),7.55–7.41(m,4H),6.03(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),4.73(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.27–4.17(m,1H),4.08(app.q,J=4.0Hz,1H),3.89–3.74(m,1H),3.70(dd,J=10.6,4.8Hz,1H),3.61(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.52(dd,J=8.5,3.6Hz,1H),2.10–1.98(m,3H),1.80–1.54(m,5H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C22H28N5O7P,计算值504.2,实测值504.3。
实施例43
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(环戊基氨基)-2-(2-甲基苯基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例42相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49(s,1H),7.55–7.09(m,4H),5.97(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.64(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.32–4.08(m,1H),4.05(app.q,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.75(dd,J=10.7,3.6Hz,1H),3.68(dd,J=10.7,4.6Hz,1H),3.60(dd,J=8.9,1.9Hz,2H),1.97(br.s,3H),1.80–1.45(m,8H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C23H30N5O7P,计算值518.2,实测值518.2。
实施例44
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(环戊基氨基)-2-(甲氧基甲基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将实施例1的步骤c产物(1.5g,2.68mmol)、苯基乙烯基硼酸(595mg,4.02mmol)和碳酸钠(845mg,8.04mmol)悬浮于3:1的THF:H2O(15mL)中。将该混合物用N2喷射脱气10分钟。随后加入Pd(PPh3)4(310mg,0.27mmol),将所得混合物再脱气5分钟,然后加热至回流过夜。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释并用水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。得到的粗产物(1.89g)不经纯化直接用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C31H42N5O7P,计算值628.3,实测值628.4。
步骤b:向步骤a的产物(1.62g,2.58mmol)、高碘酸钠(3.31g,15.48mmol)和2,6-二甲基吡啶(601μL,5.16mmol)在2:1的THF:H2O(28mL)中的悬浮液中加入锇酸钾二水合物(24mg,0.065mmol)。将得到的浓稠悬浮液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。依次用水和盐水洗涤有机物,用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。得到的粗产物无需纯化直接用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H36N5O8P,计算值554.2,实测值554.3。
步骤c:向步骤b的产物(471g,0.85mmol)的二氯乙烷(5.7mL)溶液中一次性加入三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(216mg,1.02mmol)。将反应在室温下搅拌过夜,然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。将有机物用盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩,得到标题化合物,其无需进一步纯化即可使用。柱色谱(SiO2,0%至15%梯度的MeOH和CH2Cl2)后得到标题化合物(285mg,60%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H38N5O8P,计算值556.3,实测值556.3。
步骤d:1)在0℃下,向步骤c的产物(285mg,0.51mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液中加入吡啶(125μL,1.54mmol),然后加入亚硫酰氯(56μL,0.77mmol)。将反应在0℃保持1小时。随后缓慢加入饱和NaHCO3(aq)直至气体停止逸出。将反应物用EtOAc稀释并用饱和NaHCO3,水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。柱色谱(SiO2,0%至10%梯度的MeOH和CH2Cl2)后得到标题化合物(115mg,40%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H37ClN5O7P,计算值574.2,实测值574.3。
2)向装有上述产物(115mg,0.20mmol)的甲醇(5ml)溶液的烧瓶中加入碳酸钾(138mg,1.0mmol)。将得到的悬浮液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后用EtOAc稀释并用水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。如此获得的粗混合物由标题化合物以及由酯交换产生的甲基膦酸盐的无关紧要混合物组成。ESI MS[M+H]+,C25H40N5O8P,计算值570.3,实测值570.3。
步骤e:使用与实施例1相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.48(br.s,1H),5.94(d,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.61(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.42(s,3H),4.15(dd,J=4.9,3.1Hz,1H),4.05(t,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.82–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),3.39(d,J=1.3Hz,3H),1.97(br.s,2H),1.82–1.65(m,2H),1.58(br.s,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C18H28N5O8P,计算值472.2,实测值472.3。
实施例45
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-(环戊基氨基)-2-(苯氧基甲基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:向装有实施例44步骤d的产物(50mg,0.09mmol)、碳酸钾(26mg,0.44mmol)和苯酚(25mg,0.27mmol)的烧瓶中加入DMF(1ml)。将所得悬浮液加热至40℃过夜,然后用EtOAc稀释并用水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥并减压浓缩。粗混合物不经进一步纯化直接用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M-H]-,C30H42N5O8P,计算值632.3,实测值632.4。
步骤b:使用与实施例1相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.33(s,1H),7.30-7.12(m,3H),6.93(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),6.84(t,J=7.3Hz,1H),5.84(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.99(s,3H),4.53(dd,J=6.1,5.0Hz,1H),4.07(dd,J=5.0,3.4Hz,1H),3.95(q,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.65(dd,J=10.7,3.7Hz,1H),3.59-3.49(m,3H),1.81(s,3H),1.63(br.s,3H),1.46(br.s,5H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C23H30N5O8P,计算值536.2,实测值536.3。
实施例46
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基-4-甲基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:在0℃下,向β-D-呋喃核糖,2-C-甲基-,1,2,3,5-四苯甲酸酯(4.0g,6.89mmol,1当量)和2,6-二氯嘌呤(1.43g,7.58mmol,1.1当量)的乙腈(23mL)溶液中加入1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(2.58mL,17.23mmol,2.5当量),接着在5分钟内滴加三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯(5.11mL,28.25mmol,4.1当量)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟并在65℃下加热5小时。冷却至室温后,将反应物用二氯甲烷稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(x2)和盐水(x1)洗涤。将有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并减压浓缩。在柱色谱(SiO2,25%至66%EtOAc/己烷)后得到所需产物,为白色固体(1.30g,97%)。
步骤b:1)将来自步骤a的产物(1.3g,2.01mmol)、环戊胺(297μL,3.01mmol,1.5当量)和三乙胺(560μL,4.02mmol,2.0当量)悬浮在无水EtOH(6.7mL)中。将混合物在70℃下搅拌4小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物减压浓缩,得到的物质无需进一步纯化即可使用。
2)将上述产物溶解在甲醇(20mL)中,并加入碳酸钾(1.06g,7.63mmol,3.8当量)。在环境温度下搅拌2小时后,将残余物吸附在硅藻土上,并使用柱色谱(SiO2,0%至10%DCM/MeOH)纯化,为无色油状物(612mg,79%,两步)。
步骤c:1)将步骤c的产物(290mg,0.755mmol,1.0当量)、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(1.8mL,15mmol,20当量)和p-甲苯磺酸一水合物(179mg,0.944mmol,1.25当量)溶解在丙酮(10.8mL)中。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌13小时,吸附在二氧化硅上,并使用柱色谱(SiO2,0%至5%DCM/MeOH)纯化,为白色泡沫(289mg,90%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H27ClN5O4,计算值424.2,实测值424.3。
2)在-20℃下,向上述产物(280mg,0.660mmol)在2.3mL无水THF中的溶液中在2分钟内滴加双(三甲基甲硅烷基)酰胺钠(1.0M在THF中,660μL,0.66mmol,1.0当量)。在-20℃下搅拌25min后,在2分钟内滴加(二乙氧基磷酰基)甲基三氟甲磺酸酯(238mg,0.792mmol,1.2当量)在1.0mL THF中的溶液。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌15分钟,吸附在二氧化硅上,并使用柱色谱(SiO2,0%至10%DCM/MeOH)纯化,为白色泡沫(189mg,50%)。
步骤d:1)在0℃下向乙腈中的步骤c的产物(189mg)中滴加溴代三甲基硅烷(217μL,1.65mmol,5.0当量)。在0℃下搅拌30分钟后,将反应混合物加热至40℃保持1小时。
2)冷却至0℃后,滴加1.0mL水,将混合物在环境温度下搅拌27小时。通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至40%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)纯化反应混合物,得到产物,为白色固体(100mg,64%):1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.39(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.28(s,1H),6.15(s,1H),4.61(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.48–4.32(m,2H),3.83(td,J=10.8,9.3,4.1Hz,2H),3.68(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),1.94–1.89(m,2H),1.74–1.67(m,2H),1.59–1.51(m,4H),1.37(s,3H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C17H24ClN5O7P,计算值476.1,实测值476.2。
实施例47
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[5-氯-7-(环戊基氨基)-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-3-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:在室温下,向5,7-二氯咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(376mg,2mmol)的MeCN(14mL)溶液中滴加N,O-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙酰胺(0.523mL,2.14mmol),将反应混合物加热至85℃保持1小时。将混合物冷却至室温并依次逐滴加入β-D-呋喃核糖1,2,3,5-四乙酸酯(726mg,2.28mmol)的MeCN(7mL)溶液和三甲基甲硅烷基三氟甲磺酸酯(0.471mL,2.60mmol)的溶液。将反应混合物加热至85℃,保持4小时。冷却混合物,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50mL),随后用EtOAc(100mL)萃取三次,经硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。
步骤b:向残余物中加入二恶烷(2mL)和环戊胺(0.987mL,10mmol)。将混合物加热至100℃保持16小时。将反应混合物装载到硅胶上,并通过硅胶色谱法(0-10%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,得到所需产物,为棕色固体(298mg,40%)。
步骤c:1)步骤a的产物(298mg;0.808mmol)和对甲苯磺酸一水合物(154mg,0.808mmol)的2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(1.6mL)和丙酮(1.6mL)溶液的溶液在室温下搅拌20个小时。加入三乙胺(0.5mL),除去溶剂,并通过硅胶色谱法(50至100%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化残余物,得到所需产物,为白色固体(258mg;78%)。
2)以与实施例46类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体(107mg;62%)。
步骤d:以与实施例1类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体(14mg;15%)。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.47(s,1H),7.12(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),6.41(s,1H),5.90(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.68–4.45(m,1H),4.16–4.10(m,1H),4.03(q,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.78–3.65(m,2H),3.61(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),2.05–1.89(m,2H),1.77–1.63(m,2H),1.63–1.47(m,4H).ESIMS[M-H]-,C17H23ClN4O7P,计算值461.8,实测值461.2。
实施例48
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将4,6-二氯-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶(47.7g,252.4mmol)和(NH4)2SO4(300mg)的HMDS(200mL)溶液的混合物在回流下搅拌5小时,然后在真空下浓缩,得到深棕色油状物,立即用于下一步骤。将粗制TMS保护的杂环溶解于无水CH3CN(500mL)中,并加入1,2,3,5-四乙酸-β-D-呋喃核糖(88.3g,277.6mmol,1.1当量)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌直至所有原料溶解,然后滴加TfO-TMS(68.3mL,378.6mmol,1.5当量)。在室温下搅拌过夜,并在真空下浓缩至原始体积的约50%,然后小心地用饱和NaHCO3(1L)淬灭,并用EtOAc(3×500mL)萃取。将合并的有机物用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发,得到深棕色油状物,将其通过柱色谱(SiO2,己烷:EtOAc,100至40%)纯化,得到三种异构产物:48a(黄色油状物,28.5克,25%);48b(黄色油状物,7克,6%);48c(黄色固体,25.8g,23%)结构为暂时分配。
产品48a:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.75(s,1H),6.47(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.82(dd,J=5.3,3.2Hz,1H),5.63(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.47–4.40(m,1H),4.37–4.30(m,1H),4.12–4.02(m,1H),2.09(s,3H),2.06(s,3H),1.97(s,3H).ESI MS[M+Na]+,C16H16Cl2N4NaO7,计算值469.0,实测值469.0。
产品48b:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(s,1H),6.87(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),5.67(dd,J=6.8,5.7Hz,1H),5.27(t,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.87–4.77(m,1H),4.36(dd,J=12.2,3.0Hz,1H),4.19(dd,J=12.3,5.7Hz,1H),2.04(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.71(s,3H).ESI MS[M+Na]+,C16H16Cl2N4NaO7,计算值469.0,实测值469.1。
产品48c:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.22(s,1H),6.49(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),5.74(dd,J=5.1,2.6Hz,1H),5.67-5.60(m,1H),4.54-4.47(m,1H),4.42(dd,J=12.3,3.3Hz,1H),4.16(dd,J=12.2,5.2Hz,1H),2.10(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),1.98(s,3H)。ESI MS[M+Na]+,C16H16Cl2N4NaO7,计算值469.0,实测值469.1。
步骤b:将来自步骤a的化合物48a(22g,49.3mmol)溶解在MeOH(100mL)中并冷却至0℃。加入环戊胺(5.1g,51.8mmol,1.05当量)和三乙胺(7.2mL,51.8mmol,1.05当量),将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后在室温下搅拌4小时。加入7M NH3的MeOH(60mL)溶液,并将反应物在室温下搅拌1天。蒸发反应混合物,粗产物无需纯化即可用于下一步骤。ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H21ClN5O4,计算值370.1,实测值370.2。
步骤c类似于实施例1:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.70(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.24(s,1H),6.18(s,1H),5.28(dd,J=6.1,1.8Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=6.2,2.1Hz,1H),4.85(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.16–4.06(m,1H),3.51–3.40(m,1H),3.38–3.30(m,1H),2.04–1.92(m,2H),1.79–1.52(m,6H),1.50(s,3H),1.31(s,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H25ClN5O4,计算值410.2,实测值410.2。
步骤d:将来自步骤c的产物(3.2g,7.8mmol)的无水THF(50mL)溶液冷却至0℃并滴加1M NaHMDS的THF溶液(12.4mL,12.4mmol,1.6当量)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌1小时,然后加入(二乙氧基磷酰基)甲基三氟甲磺酸酯(3.4g,12.4mmol,1.6当量)。移去冰水浴并将反应物在室温下搅拌过夜。用饱和的NH4Cl溶液(50mL)淬灭,用MTBE(100mL)稀释。分离有机层,用MgSO4干燥,过滤并蒸发。通过柱色谱(SiO2,Hex→Hex:EtOAc,2:8)纯化粗产物,得到白色泡沫状固体(3.2g,73%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.71(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),8.25(s,1H),6.20(s,1H),5.30(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.92–4.83(m,1H),4.41(q,J=6.8Hz,1H),4.25(t,J=6.6Hz,1H),4.08–3.87(m,5H),3.76–3.68(m,1H),3.67–3.58(m,1H),3.56–3.44(m,1H),2.05–1.91(m,2H),1.81–1.64(m,2H),1.65–1.45(m,7H),1.31(s,3H),1.26–1.07(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C23H36ClN5O7P,计算值560.2,实测值560.3。
步骤e与实施例1类似:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)8.71(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.25(s,1H),6.00(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.51–4.37(m,2H),4.19(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.07–3.98(m,1H),3.71(dd,J=10.7,4.0Hz,1H),3.59–3.48(m,3H),2.06–1.93(m,2H),1.79–1.47(m,6H).ESIMS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O7P,计算值464.1,实测值464.2。
实施例49
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-2H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-2-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48c开始,以与实施例48类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.39(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),9.08(s,1H),5.83(d,J=1.8Hz,1H),4.43(p,J=6.7Hz,1H),4.19(dd,J=7.3,4.5Hz,1H),4.13–4.06(m,2H),3.86(dd,J=11.0,2.3Hz,1H),3.82–3.65(m,3H),2.02–1.88(m,2H),1.81–1.50(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C16H24ClN5O7P,计算值464.1,实测值464.2。
实施例50
{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48a始,以与实施例48相同的方法合成标题化合物得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.94(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),8.26(s,1H),5.99(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),4.66(s,1H),4.46(s,1H),4.18(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),3.98–3.79(m,3H),3.80–3.58(m,4H),3.48(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),2.39–2.16(m,1H),1.91(br.s,1H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C15H21ClN5O8P,计算值464.1,实测值464.1
实施例51
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
步骤a:将2,6-二氯嘌呤(3.6g,18.8mmol)溶解在90mL乙腈中并用Cs2CO3(7.5g,23mmol,1.2当量)处理。将混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。将已知的溴衍生物(8.75g,21mmol,1.1当量)溶解在100mL乙腈中,并通过加料漏斗滴加到混合物中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将混合物在硅胶垫上过滤并浓缩。将残余物吸附在二氧化硅上,并使用柱色谱(己烷/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到产物,为白色固体,77%收率(7.72g)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.39(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),8.10(ddt,J=8.5,3.1,0.9Hz,4H),7.74–7.36(m,6H),6.64(dd,J=21.8,2.8Hz,1H),5.83–5.69(m,1H),5.40(ddd,J=49.9,2.8,0.8Hz,1H),4.89–4.77(m,2H),4.62(q,J=4.0Hz,1H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H17Cl2FN4O5,计算值531.1,实测值531.1。
步骤b:1)将二氯化物(0.75g,1.4mmol)、环戊胺(0.2mL,2.1mmol,1.5当量)和Et3N(0.4mL,2.8mmol,2.0当量)的无水EtOH(5mL)溶液在70℃搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物冷却至室温,过滤收集产物,无需进一步纯化即可使用(白色固体,0.69g,73%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C29H28ClFN5O5,计算值580.2,实测值580.3。
2)将上述产物(0.68g,1mmol)和K2CO3(0.4g,3mmol,3当量)溶解在10mL甲醇中并在室温下搅拌4小时。然后将反应混合物在硅胶垫上过滤并浓缩。使用柱色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇)纯化反应混合物,得到产物,为白色固体。(88%,0.33g)ESI MS[M+H]+,C15H20ClFN5O3,计算值372.1,实测值372.3。
步骤c:1)将来自上述步骤的二醇(875mg;2.35mmol)和咪唑(456mg,6.70mmol)的DCM(12mL)溶液的溶液冷却至0℃并一次性加入TBSCl(674mg,4.47mmol)固体。将混合物温热至室温并搅拌1小时。除去溶剂并通过硅胶色谱法(0至30%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化残余物,得到期望的产物,为白色固体(946mg;83%)。
2)将来自上述步骤的产物(987mg,2.03mmol),对甲苯磺酸一水合物(34mg;0.203mmol)的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃(4mL)和THF(20mL)溶液的溶液在室温下搅拌14小时。用三乙胺淬灭反应,蒸发溶剂,使残余物通过硅胶塞(EtOAc)。
3)将残余物重新溶解在THF(17mL)中,冷却至0℃,滴加TBAF(2.05mL,1.0M THF溶液)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌30分钟。蒸发溶剂并将残余物通过硅胶色谱法(0-5%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,得到所需产物,为无色油状(742mg,80%)。
步骤d:1)将来自步骤c的产物(742mg;1.63mmol)的THF(8.1mL)的溶液冷却至0℃并滴加NaHMDS(2.4mL,1.0M的THF溶液)并将混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟。然后在0℃加入二乙基膦酰基甲基三氟甲磺酸酯(734mg;2.45mmol)的THF(1.5mL)溶液,将混合物在0℃搅拌15分钟,然后温热至室温再搅拌30分钟。除去溶剂并通过硅胶色谱法(0-5%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化残余物,得到所需产物,为无色油状(424mg,43%)。
2)将上述步骤的产物(400mg;0.704mmol)的MeCN(1.2mL)溶液冷却至0℃,滴加溴代三甲基硅烷(0.464mL;3.52mmol)。在45分钟内将反应温热至室温,冷却至0℃,滴加水(0.607mL)并在室温下搅拌15分钟。将混合物用1M氢氧化钠中和,并用MTBE(5mL)洗涤三次。通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至50%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)直接纯化水层,得到所需产物,为白色固体(12mg,4%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.51–8.37(m,1H),8.24(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.35(dd,J=13.5,4.8Hz,1H),5.24(dt,J=52.7,4.4Hz,1H),4.52–4.34(m,2H),3.97(q,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.88–3.73(m,2H),3.63(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),2.06–1.81(m,2H),1.80–1.66(m,2H),1.66–1.44(m,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C16H21ClFN5O6P,计算值464.1,实测值464.2。
实施例52
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-{2-氯-6-[环戊基(甲基)氨基]-9H-嘌呤-9-基}-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用N-甲基环戊胺代替环戊胺,以与实施例51类似的方式合成标题化合物:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.25(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.37(dd,J=13.9,4.7Hz,1H),6.00(brs,2H),5.31(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),5.18(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.41(ddd,J=19.1,5.8,4.1Hz,1H),4.16–3.67(m,4H),3.64(d,J=8.6Hz,3H),2.20–1.32(m,9H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H24ClN5O6P,计算值480.8,实测值480.2。
实施例53
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3R)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例51类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.96(s,1H),8.57(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.30(s,1H),5.21-5.35(m,1H),4.60(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.28-3.89(m,11H),1.92-2.17(m,2H).ESI MS[M-H],C15H20ClFN5O7P,计算值466.1,实测值466.2。
实施例54
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例51类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体(42.1mg;18%):1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.74–8.53(m,1H),8.27(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.36(dd,J=13.6,4.8Hz,1H),5.25(dt,J=52.7,4.4Hz,1H),4.70–4.56(m,1H),4.50–4.35(m,1H),4.03–3.69(m,5H),3.67–3.55(m,3H),2.30–2.10(m,1H),2.10–1.86(m,1H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C15H19ClFN5O7P,计算值466.1,实测值466.2。
实施例55
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[6-(苄基氨基)-2-氯-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用苄胺代替环戊胺,以与实施例51类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.02(t,J=6.3Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.42–7.17(m,4H),7.26–7.17(m,1H),6.30(dd,J=17.1,4.1Hz,1H),5.54(dd,J=4.1,2.7Hz,1H),5.41(dd,J=4.1,2.8Hz,1H),5.15(brs,1H),4.65(m,2H),4.55–4.31(m,1H),4.01(d,m,1H),3.86–3.52(m,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H24ClN5O6P,计算值488.8,实测值488.1。
实施例56
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(2-氟苯基)甲基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例51类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.98(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),8.32–8.21(m,1H),7.40–7.25(m,2H),7.23–7.09(m,2H),6.36(dd,J=13.7,4.8Hz,1H),5.32(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),5.24–5.15(m,1H),4.70(s,1H),4.44(dt,J=19.2,5.0Hz,1H),3.98(q,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.87–3.74(m,2H),3.63(d,J=8.6Hz,2H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C18H20ClF2N5O6P,计算值506.1,实测值506.1。
实施例57
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(2-氯苯基)甲基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例51相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.00(app.t,J=6.1Hz,1H),8.32(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.51–7.43(m,1H),7.42–7.18(m,4H),6.37(dd,J=13.5,4.8Hz,1H),5.40–5.06(m,1H),4.83–4.60(m,2H),4.45(dt,J=19.2,5.0Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.93–3.71(m,2H),3.64(d,J=8.7Hz,2H).ESIMS[M+H]+,C18H19Cl2FN5O6P,计算值522.0,实测值522.1。
实施例58
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(2-氯苯基)甲基](甲基)氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例51相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.27(d,J=40.5Hz,1H),7.51(dd,J=7.3,1.9Hz,1H),7.31(s,2H),7.15(s,1H),6.67–6.20(m,1H),5.62(s,1H),5.26(d,J=52.8Hz,1H),5.00(s,1H),4.56–4.29(m,1H),3.98(s,1H),3.89–3.54(m,5H),3.18(br.s,1H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C19H21Cl2FN5O6P,计算值536.1,实测值536.1。
实施例59
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[5-氯-7-(环戊基氨基)-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶3-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸
步骤a:在室温下,向5,7-二氯咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(564mg,3mmol)的MeCN(18mL)溶液中加入氢化钠(130mg,3.24mmol,60%油悬浮液)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟。在室温下加入2,3,5-三-O-苯甲酰基-D-呋喃核糖基溴的MeCN(4mL)溶液,在室温下搅拌反应混合物14个小时。通过加入甲醇(5mL)和碳酸氢钠(5g)淬灭反应混合物,通过硅藻土过滤并浓缩。
步骤b:1)向残余物中加入二恶烷(5mL)和环戊胺(1.48mL,15mmol)。将混合物加热至100℃保持20小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温。
2)在室温下加入碳酸钾(4g)和甲醇(20mL),并在室温下搅拌反应混合物1小时。在真空中除去过量溶剂,并通过硅胶色谱法(0-15%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化粗残余物,得到所需产物,为棕色固体(499mg,45%)。
以与实施例51类似的方式进行步骤c和步骤d。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.23(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.18(s,1H),6.42(s,1H),6.39(dd,J=15.0,4.7Hz,1H),5.22(dt,J=52.6,4.2Hz,1H),4.47–4.36(m,1H),4.01–3.93(m,1H),3.86–3.74(m,2H),3.64(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),2.05–1.90(m,2H),1.77–1.63(m,2H),1.63–1.48(m,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C17H22ClFN4O6P,计算值463.1,实测值463.2。
实施例60
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[2-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例51相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.91(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),6.72(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),6.43(dd,J=15.2,4.6Hz,1H),5.14(dt,J=52.8,4.2Hz,1H),4.44–4.27(m,2H),3.96–3.87(m,1H),3.82–3.68(m,2H),2.10–1.87(m,2H),1.79–1.64(m,2H),1.64–1.41(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H24ClFN4O6P,计算值465.1,实测值465.2。
实施例61
({[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-[4-(苄基氨基)-2-氯-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基]-4-氟-3-羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例51相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.60(t,J=6.0Hz,1H),7.38–7.20(m,5H),6.71(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),6.45(dd,J=15.0,4.7Hz,1H),5.22(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),5.12–5.05(m,1H),4.75–4.60(m,2H),4.34(ddd,J=19.2,5.6,3.9Hz,1H),3.92(td,J=5.6,3.5Hz,1H),3.83–3.69(m,2H),3.63(d,J=8.7Hz,2H)。ESI MS[M-H]-,C19H20ClFN4O6P,计算值485.1,实测值485.2。
实施例62
二苯基({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸酯的合成
步骤a:在环境温度下,向化合物({[(3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2,2-二甲基-四氢-2H-呋喃[3,4-d][1,3]二氧杂-4-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸(来自实施例1,2.34g,4.64mmol)的二氯甲烷(9.28mL)溶液中加入草酰氯(902μL,10.67mmol,2.3当量),然后加入DMF(2滴)。将反应混合物在环境温度下搅拌30分钟,然后减压除去挥发物。加入无水甲苯并减压除去;这个程序完成了两次。粗产物无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步骤。
步骤b:在0℃下向步骤a的一部分产物(250mg,0.462mmol)的二氯甲烷(1.54mL)溶液中加入苯酚(109mg,1.16mmol,2.5当量),然后加入三乙胺(345μL,2.54mmol,5.5当量)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌20分钟,然后在环境温度下搅拌15分钟,吸附在二氧化硅上,并使用柱色谱法(SiO2,33%至100%己烷/EtOAc,3%MeOH)纯化,为无色油状物(248mg,82%)。ESI MS[M+H]+,C31H36ClN5O7P,计算值656.2,实测值656.1。
步骤c:在0℃下向步骤b的一部分产物(193mg,0.295mmol)和20μL水中加入676μLTFA。将混合物超声均匀并在环境温度下搅拌1.5小时。减压除去挥发物,并使用柱色谱(SiO2,0%至10%DCM/MeOH)纯化得到的残余物,得到产物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.38–8.31(m,2H),7.41–7.31(m,4H),7.27–7.15(m,6H),5.87(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.56–4.49(m,1H),4.45–4.38(m,1H),4.27(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),4.16–4.13(m,1H),4.10(q,J=4.2,3.7Hz,1H),3.89(dd,J=10.8,3.3Hz,1H),3.83(dd,J=10.7,5.1Hz,1H),1.94–1.89(m,2H),1.73–1.68(m,2H),1.58–1.50(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C28H32ClN5O7P,计算值616.2,实测值616.3。
实施例63
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)(苯氧基)次膦酸的合成
向实施例62的产物(26mg,42.2μmol)中加入105μLTHF,然后加入105μLNaOH(1N)水溶液。剧烈搅拌所得混合物15分钟,用水稀释,减压除去THF。通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至40%梯度的乙腈和含有0.1%TFA的水)纯化反应混合物,得到产物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.42–8.32(m,2H),7.36–7.26(m,2H),7.21–7.10(m,3H),5.85(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.52(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.47–4.39(m,1H),4.09(ddd,J=17.3,4.8,3.4Hz,2H),3.85(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),3.82–3.69(m,2H),1.97–1.88(m,2H),1.73–1.68(m,2H),1.64–1.48(m,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C22H26ClN5O7P,计算值538.1,实测值538.2。
实施例64
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)(甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例63类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.39(s,1H),8.39–8.30(m,1H),5.84(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.50(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.43(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),4.11(dd,J=4.9,3.5Hz,1H),4.05(q,J=3.7Hz,1H),3.82–3.66(m,4H),3.61(d,J=10.7Hz,3H),2.07–1.85(m,3H),1.81–1.66(m,2H),1.66–1.47(m,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C17H24ClN5O7P,计算值476.1,实测值476.2。
实施例65
双({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
步骤a:将化合物({[(3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-2,2-二甲基-四氢-2H-呋喃并[3,4-d][1,3]二氧杂-4-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸(来自实施例1,510mg,1.01mmol)置于高真空下,在45℃下保持1小时。冷却至环境温度后,将该材料置于氮气下并溶于2.37mL无水DMF中。向所得溶液中加入氯甲基新戊基碳酸酯(2.74g,15.2mmol,15当量)在1mL DMF中的溶液,然后加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(2.64mL,15.2mmol,15当量)。将混合物加热至40℃保持14小时。冷却至室温后,将混合物减压浓缩,粗残余物通过反相快速色谱法(C18柱,0至100%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的水)纯化,得到单烷基化产物,为白色固体(65a,110mg,17%)和双烷基化产物,为白色固体(65b,370mg,46%)。
步骤b:在0℃下,将步骤a的65b(370mg)溶于1.5mL 90%TFA/水中。在环境温度下搅拌25分钟后,将混合物减压浓缩,并将粗残余物通过反相快速色谱法(C18柱,0至100%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%甲酸的水)纯化,得到产物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.34–8.29(m,2H),5.83(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),5.64(d,J=12.5Hz,4H),5.54(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),5.30(dd,J=5.3,1.8Hz,1H),4.48–4.43(m,2H),4.10(q,J=5.1,4.6,4.0Hz,1H),4.05–3.98(m,4H),3.86(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.82–3.76(m,1H),3.72(dd,J=11.1,5.2Hz,1H),1.96–1.91(m,2H),1.73–1.68(m,2H),1.64–1.48(m,4H),0.91–0.80(m,18H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H48ClN5O13P,计算值752.3,实测值752.3。
实施例66
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}-甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
使用与实施例65相同的方法,从化合物65a获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46–8.39(m,1H),8.34–8.29(m,1H),5.89–5.80(m,1H),5.59–5.48(m,2H),4.57–4.48(m,1H),4.43(s,1H),4.17–4.08(m,1H),4.08–4.00(m,1H),3.87–3.79(m,2H),3.75–3.62(m,4H),1.97–1.92(m,2H),1.74–1.69(m,2H),1.59–1.54(m,4H),0.95–0.81(m,9H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C23H36ClN5O10P,计算值608.2,实测值608.3。
实施例67
双({[(丙基-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物,为白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.38–8.28(m,2H),5.83(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=12.8,7.0Hz,4H),4.88–4.75(m,1H),4.50–4.35(m,2H),4.10(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.05–3.96(m,3H),3.82–3.70(m,1H),3.67(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.99–1.89(m,2H),1.74–1.67(m,2H),1.61–1.50(m,4H),1.23(dd,J=6.2,2.3Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H39ClN5O13P,计算值696.2,实测值696.3.
实施例68
双[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲基{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30(s,2H),5.81(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=12.7Hz,4H),5.52(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.30(dd,J=5.3,0.9Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.16(qdd,J=7.1,2.3,0.9Hz,4H),4.09(q,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.01(dt,J=11.0,5.7Hz,3H),3.81-3.65(m,2H),1.91(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.54(d,J=9.1Hz,4H),1.20(tdd,J=7.1,2.1,0.9Hz,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+C24H36ClN5O13P,计算值668.2,实测值668.3。
实施例69
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲氧基})次膦酸氧基]甲氧基})次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.45–8.40(m,1H),8.39–8.28(m,1H),5.84(s,1H),5.51(d,J=12.5Hz,3H),4.51(s,1H),4.45–4.40(m,1H),4.19–4.08(m,3H),4.03(q,J=3.8Hz,1H),3.71–3.57(m,3H),1.96–1.91(m,2H),1.74–1.68(m,2H),1.58–1.53(m,4H),1.21(td,J=7.1,3.5Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H30ClN5O10P,计算值566.1,实测值566.3。
实施例70
双[(甲氧基羰基)氧基]甲基{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32(s,2H),5.83(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),5.63(d,J=12.9Hz,4H),5.55(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.32(dd,J=5.3,1.4Hz,1H),4.50–4.39(m,2H),4.10(dd,J=7.4,3.1Hz,1H),4.02(t,J=6.8Hz,3H),3.83–3.68(m,6H),1.96–1.91(m,2H),1.74–1.69(m,2H),1.59–1.52(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C22H32ClN5O13P,计算值640.1,实测值640.2。
实施例71
双({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.34–8.19(m,2H),5.83(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.63(d,J=12.8Hz,4H),5.54(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.31(dd,J=5.4,1.4Hz,1H),4.51–4.34(m,2H),4.30–4.22(m,4H),4.15–4.06(m,1H),4.07–3.98(m,3H),3.79(dd,J=11.1,3.4Hz,1H),3.72(dd,J=11.3,4.9Hz,1H),3.57–3.49(m,4H),3.31(s,1H),3.24(d,J=1.2Hz,4H),1.95–1.90(m,2H),1.73–1.68(m,2H),1.58–1.53(m,4H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H40ClN5O15P,计算值728.2,实测值728.3。
实施例72
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)-次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.35(dd,J=18.5,4.9Hz,2H),5.87–5.80(m,1H),5.55(dd,J=12.7,2.0Hz,2H),4.49(td,J=5.4,2.0Hz,1H),4.45–4.39(m,1H),4.23(dt,J=6.6,2.4Hz,2H),4.11(dd,J=5.4,2.8Hz,1H),4.04(s,1H),3.79–3.64(m,4H),3.52(dt,J=6.4,2.4Hz,2H),3.24(d,J=2.2Hz,3H),1.94(s,2H),1.74–1.68(m,2H),1.59–1.52(m,4H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C21H30ClN5O11P,计算值594.1,实测值594.1。
实施例73
{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2,2-二甲基丙酰基)氧基]甲氧基})磷酰基]-氧基}甲基2,2-二甲基丙酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.29(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),5.81(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),5.60(d,J=12.8Hz,4H),5.53(s,1H),5.29(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.46(s,1H),4.09(q,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.01(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.95(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.82–3.67(m,2H),1.91(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.54(s,3H),1.15–1.07(m,18H).ESI MS[M+H]+C28H44ClN5O11P,计算值692.2,实测值692.3
实施例74
双({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
使用与实施例65相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53(s,1H),8.34(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),5.88–5.78(m,1H),5.68–5.48(m,5H),5.30(dd,J=5.4,1.6Hz,1H),4.45(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.09(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.05–3.93(m,3H),3.93–3.81(m,6H),3.81–3.68(m,3H),3.63–3.55(m,1H),3.35–3.24(m,5H),2.17(br.s,1H),2.08–1.83(m,1H),1.00–0.73(m,18H).
ESI MS[M+H]+,C29H45ClN5O14P,计算值754.2,实测值754.3。
实施例75
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2,2-二甲基丙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
使用与实施例66相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.71–8.19(m,2H),6.00–5.72(m,1H),5.60–5.34(m,3H),4.65–4.42(m,2H),4.20–3.94(m,2H),3.94–3.82(m,2H),3.82–3.76(m,2H),3.75–3.55(m,7H),2.33–1.73(m,3H),0.86(s,9H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C22H33ClN5O11P,计算值608.2,实测值608.2。
实施例76
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.53(s,1H),8.34(s,1H),5.82(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.68–5.55(m,4H),5.53(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.30(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.79(pd,J=6.2,1.7Hz,2H),4.46(q,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.09(q,J=4.8Hz,1H),4.01(dd,J=12.5,6.1Hz,3H),3.93–3.67(m,5H),3.59(dd,J=8.9,4.5Hz,1H),2.17(s,1H),1.97(d,J=38.8Hz,1H),1.21(dd,J=6.2,2.0Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+C25H38ClN5O14P,计算值698.2,实测值698.2。
实施例77
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50(d,J=32.5Hz,2H),5.88–5.75(m,1H),5.47(d,J=12.4Hz,2H),4.84–4.68(m,1H),4.49(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.10(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.01(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.87(dt,J=15.4,8.0Hz,2H),3.76–3.54(m,5H),2.17(s,1H),2.01(s,1H),1.23–1.16(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+C20H30ClN5O11P,计算值582.1,实测值582.2。
实施例78
双[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲基{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54(s,1H),8.34(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),5.82(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),5.60(dd,J=12.6,4.5Hz,4H),5.53(s,0H),5.31(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.46(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.22–4.05(m,5H),4.06–3.94(m,2H),3.87(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.81–3.66(m,3H),3.64–3.54(m,1H),2.18(s,1H),2.01(s,1H),1.20(dtd,J=9.1,4.9,2.6Hz,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+C23H34ClN5O14P,计算值670.2,实测值670.2。
实施例79
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(乙氧基羰基)氧基]甲氧基})次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.57(s,1H),5.82(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.43(d,J=12.1Hz,2H),4.57(d,J=34.1Hz,1H),4.09(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),3.99(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),3.88(dd,J=18.3,8.0Hz,2H),3.71(q,J=7.7Hz,1H),3.66–3.53(m,2H),2.17(s,1H),2.01(s,1H),1.25–1.19(m,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+C19H28ClN5O11P,计算值568.1,实测值568.3。
实施例80
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.70–8.62(m,1H),8.30–8.18(m,1H),6.07–5.95(m,1H),5.61–5.49(m,4H),4.86–4.73(m,2H),4.50–4.35(m,2H),4.23–4.16(m,1H),4.04–3.95(m,1H),3.94–3.86(m,2H),3.75–3.66(m,1H),3.61–3.51(m,1H),2.04–1.91(m,2H),1.78–1.45(m,6H),1.28–1.15(m,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H40ClN5O13P,计算值696.2,实测值696.3。
实施例81
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.70–8.62(m,1H),8.34–8.15(m,1H),6.04–5.95(m,1H),5.51–5.41(m,2H),4.77(h,J=5.9Hz,1H),4.51–4.35(m,2H),4.18(q,J=5.0Hz,1H),4.05–3.94(m,1H),3.75–3.59(m,3H),3.59–3.47(m,1H),2.05–1.89(m,2H),1.83–1.41(m,6H),1.30–1.11(m,6H).ESI MS ESI MS[M+H]+,C21H32ClN5O10P,计算值580.2,实测值580.3。
实施例82
双[(乙氧羰基)氧基]甲基{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.66(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.33–8.15(m,1H),5.99(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),5.61–5.48(m,4H),4.51–4.35(m,2H),4.23–4.09(m,5H),4.03–3.95(m,1H),3.94–3.87(m,2H),3.77–3.65(m,1H),3.61–3.51(m,1H),2.03–1.91(m,2H),1.76–1.42(m,6H),1.27–1.13(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C24H36ClN5O13P,计算值668.2,实测值668.3。
实施例83
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(乙氧基羰基)-氧基]甲氧基})次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.66(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),8.29–8.17(m,1H),5.98(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),5.53–5.40(m,2H),4.49–4.34(m,2H),4.22–4.07(m,3H),3.98(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.66(d,J=7.8Hz,3H),3.53(dd,J=10.9,6.6Hz,1H),2.03–1.92(m,2H),1.78–1.43(m,6H),1.24–1.14(m,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H30ClN5O10P,计算值566.1,实测值566.3。
实施例84
双({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇–d4)δ8.11(s,1H),6.17(d,J=3.4Hz,1H),5.71–5.60(m,4H),4.65(dd,J=5.0,3.4Hz,1H),4.59–4.44(m,2H),4.33–4.28(m,4H),4.18–4.10(m,1H),4.06–3.91(m,2H),3.87–3.72(m,2H),3.65–3.57(m,4H),3.37–3.32(m,6H),2.17–2.03(m,2H),1.87–1.50(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H40ClN5O15P,计算值728.2,实测值728.3。
实施例85
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),8.22(s,1H),5.98(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.52–5.43(m,2H),4.48–4.36(m,2H),4.26–4.14(m,3H),3.98(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.72–3.63(m,3H),3.56–3.47(m,3H),3.27–3.18(m,3H),2.04–1.92(m,2H),1.77–1.47(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C21H32ClN5O11P,计算值596.1,实测值596.2。
实施例86
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
使用与实施例65相同的方法获得标题化合物,得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.93(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),8.30–8.20(m,1H),6.00(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.60–5.49(m,4H),5.46(dd,J=5.5,1.4Hz,1H),5.22(dd,J=6.1,1.3Hz,1H),4.86–4.73(m,2H),4.71–4.55(m,1H),4.42(q,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.19(q,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.01–3.96(m,1H),3.94–3.82(m,4H),3.77–3.61(m,3H),3.56(dd,J=10.9,6.5Hz,1H),2.36–2.15(m,1H),1.91(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.28–1.16(m,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C25H37ClN5O14P,计算值698.2,实测值698.3。
实施例87
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-({[双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)磷酰基]-甲氧基}甲基)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-4-羟基氧杂环戊-3-基2-甲基丙酸酯的合成
在0℃下,向实施例67(1.07g,1.54mmol)的吡啶溶液中,通过注射器滴加异丁酰氯(182μL,1.84mmol)。使反应温热至室温并搅拌2小时。减压浓缩反应混合物,将得到的残余物重新溶于乙酸乙酯中,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠、水和盐水洗涤。将有机物用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩至干。通过柱色谱(C18,MeCN和含有0.1%甲酸的H2O的梯度)纯化粗产物,冻干后得到标题化合物(372mg,32%),为白色粉末。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61–8.05(m,2H),6.06(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.69(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.64–5.54(m,3H),4.78(dtq,J=9.3,6.2,3.1Hz,2H),4.42(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.06(td,J=5.2,3.0Hz,1H),4.00(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.82(dd,J=10.9,3.1Hz,1H),3.78–3.68(m,1H),2.67–2.52(m,1H),2.00–1.84(m,2H),1.76–1.63(m,2H),1.63–1.42(m,4H),1.25–1.17(m,10H),1.07(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,3H),1.03(dd,J=7.0,1.8Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H45ClN5O14P,计算值766.2,实测值766.3。
实施例88
丙-2-基(2R)-2-{[({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)(苯氧基)磷酰基]-氨基}丙酸酯的合成
步骤a:在N2的气氛下,将实施例62的步骤a的产物(约0.5mmol)和L-丙氨酸异丙酯HCl(84mg,0.5mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(2.5mL)中。将反应混合物在干/冰丙酮浴中冷却,并加入Et3N(0.28mL,2mmol)。在该温度下1小时后,一次性加入苯酚(47mg,0.5mmol)。将反应混合物温热至室温过夜,此时浓缩反应混合物。通过快速色谱法在SiO2(0至10%MeOH/CH2Cl2)上纯化粗残余物,得到产物,为浅黄色油状物,收率为34%(117mg)。
步骤b:将来自步骤a的产物(97mg,0.14mmol)溶于1.2mL TFA和0.2mL H2O中。将反应混合物搅拌80分钟并浓缩。通过反相HPLC(C18柱,0至50%梯度的乙腈和含0.1%TFA的水)纯化粗残余物,得到产物,为白色固体,7%收率(6.7mg):1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ8.46–8.29(m,2H),7.31(dt,J=8.3,7.0Hz,2H),7.24–7.10(m,3H),5.89–5.81(m,1H),5.78–5.59(m,1H),4.90–4.77(m,1),4.59–4.48(m,1H),4.45–4.37(m,1H),4.15–4.10(m,1H),4.08–4.04(m,1H),3.92–3.87(m,3H),3.82–3.70(m,1H),2.04–1.86(m,2H),1.79–1.65(m,2H),1.65–1.47(m,4H),1.21–1.05(m,9H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C28H38ClN6O8P,计算值653.2,实测值653.3。
实施例89
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-苯基乙基]氨基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48a始,以与实施例48相同的方法合成标题化合物得到白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.16(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.30(d,J=0.7Hz,1H),7.42–7.36(m,2H),7.36–7.29(m,2H),7.26–7.20(m,1H),5.98(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),5.46–5.37(m,1H),4.53–4.36(m,1H),4.17(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.08–3.91(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.7,4.1Hz,1H),3.57–3.46(m,3H),1.64–1.41(m,3H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C19H23ClN5O7P,计算值498.1,实测值498.1。
实施例90
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48a始,以与实施例48相同的方法合成标题化合物得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.14(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.29(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=8.0,5.4Hz,2H),7.15(td,J=8.9,1.3Hz,2H),5.98(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),5.45–5.29(m,1H),4.44(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.51(d,J=8.6Hz,3H),1.55–1.46(m,3H).MS[M+H]+C19H22ClFN5O7P,计算值518.1,实测值518.2。
实施例91
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(3-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48a始,以与实施例48相同的方法合成标题化合物得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.16(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.35–8.22(m,1H),7.44–7.31(m,1H),7.22(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.07(t,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.99(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),5.41(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),3.99(s,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.6,3.9Hz,1H),3.51(d,J=8.7Hz,3H),1.53(d,J=7.0Hz,3H).MS[M+H]+C19H22ClFN5O7P,计算值518.1,实测值518.2。
实施例92
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(2-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
从48a始,以与实施例48相同的方法合成标题化合物得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.21(t,J=6.5Hz,1H),8.32(dt,J=4.7,1.0Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.29(t,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.24–7.11(m,2H),6.01–5.91(m,1H),5.58(q,J=6.9Hz,1H),4.44(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.16(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.52(t,J=8.1Hz,3H),1.53(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+C19H22ClFN5O7P,计算值518.1,实测值518.2。
实施例93
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-苯基乙基]氨基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.37(s,1H),8.19(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.42–7.35(m,2H),7.35–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.18(m,1H),6.04(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),4.85(s,1H),4.46(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=5.4Hz,1H),4.02–3.91(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=10.7,4.1Hz,1H),3.55–3.48(m,3H),1.52(d,J=6.7Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H25ClN4O7P,计算值499.1,实测值499.2。
实施例94
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1R)-1-苯基乙基]氨基-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.37(s,1H),8.19(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.42–7.36(m,2H),7.36–7.28(m,2H),7.25–7.18(m,1H),6.04(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),4.85(s,1H),4.51–4.45(m,1H),4.16(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.00–3.92(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=11.0,3.9Hz,1H),3.54–3.46(m,3H),1.52(d,J=6.7Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H25ClN4O7P,计算值499.1,实测值499.2。
实施例95
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)--(4-氟苯基))乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.35(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.47–7.39(m,2H),7.19–7.10(m,2H),6.04(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),4.89(s,1H),4.49–4.43(m,1H),4.17(t,J=5.1Hz,1H),4.01–3.92(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=10.9,4.0Hz,1H),3.51(d,J=8.1Hz,3H),1.50(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例96
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(3-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
以与实施例95类似的方式获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.35(s,1H),8.18(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.41–7.32(m,1H),7.27–7.19(m,2H),7.09–7.00(m,1H),6.04(d,J=4.1Hz,2H),4.91(s,1H),4.46(t,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.01–3.93(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.57–3.43(m,3H),1.51(d,J=7.4Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例97
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[6-氯-4-(环戊基氨基)-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.26(s,1H),7.65(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),6.22(s,1H),6.06(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.47(t,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.17(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.02–3.92(m,2H),3.69(dd,J=10.9,3.9Hz,1H),3.50(d,J=8.6Hz,3H),2.06–1.88(m,2H),1.75–1.47(m,6H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C17H25ClN4O7P,计算值463.1,实测值463.2。
实施例98
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(2-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.37(s,1H),8.23(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.42–7.34(m,1H),7.33–7.25(m,1H),7.24–7.10(m,2H),6.05(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.01–5.90(m,1H),5.04(s,1H),4.51–4.42(m,1H),4.17(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.03–3.92(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.8,4.0Hz,1H),3.51(d,J=8.2Hz,3H),1.56(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例99
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(2-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.36(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.48–7.37(m,2H),7.32–7.21(m,1H),7.20–7.11(m,2H),6.79(s,1H),5.95(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),5.63–5.51(m,1H),4.35–4.28(m,1H),4.07–4.00(m,1H),3.99–3.93(m,1H),3.71–3.55(m,4H),1.51(d,J=6.9Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例100
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(3-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.39–7.30(m,1H),7.25–7.16(m,2H),7.09–6.98(m,1H),6.75(s,1H),5.96(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),5.45–5.33(m,1H),4.36–4.26(m,1H),4.07–4.00(m,1H),3.99–3.92(m,1H),3.71–3.53(m,4H),1.50(d,J=6.8Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例101
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.46–7.37(m,3H),7.17–7.08(m,2H),6.74(s,1H),5.95(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),5.44–5.32(m,1H),4.34–4.28(m,1H),4.06–4.01(m,1H),3.99–3.93(m,1H),3.69–3.53(m,4H),1.50(t,J=6.8Hz,3H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C20H24ClFN4O7P,计算值517.1,实测值517.2。
实施例102
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-4-(吡咯烷-1-基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)膦酸的合成
使用与实施例1相同的方法从中间体核苷获得标题化合物,得到白色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.45(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.64(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.01(d,J=6.3Hz,1H),4.33(dd,J=6.3,5.1Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=5.2,3.2Hz,1H),4.00–3.91(m,1H),3.73–3.47(m,6H),2.15–1.78(m,5H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C15H21ClN5O7P,计算值447.1,实测值447.2。
实施例103
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-6-(环戊基氨基)-9H-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50–8.13(m,2H),5.92–5.70(m,1H),5.51(dt,J=12.8,4.2Hz,1H),4.88–4.64(m,1H),4.55–4.30(m,2H),4.10(q,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.02(p,J=4.1Hz,1H),3.83–3.60(m,4H),1.92(s,2H),1.69(s,2H),1.54(s,4H),1.32–1.10(m,6H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C21H31ClN5O10P,计算值578.2,实测值578.4。
实施例104
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.83(dd,J=23.3,9.2Hz,1H),8.34(s,1H),7.45(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),7.11(t,J=8.6Hz,2H),5.80(dd,J=5.5,1.4Hz,1H),5.64–5.48(m,5H),5.38(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.35–5.25(m,1H),4.78(dtt,J=12.5,6.2,1.9Hz,2H),4.43(d,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.08(s,1H),3.99(t,J=8.3Hz,3H),3.83–3.73(m,1H),3.69(dd,J=10.9,5.1Hz,1H),1.51(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(ddd,J=6.2,2.8,1.3Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+C29H38ClFN5O13P,计算值750.2,实测值750.3。
实施例105
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(1R)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.85(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),8.33(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),7.45(dd,J=8.4,5.4Hz,2H),7.11(t,J=8.7Hz,2H),5.80(dd,J=5.5,1.4Hz,1H),5.59(d,J=12.7Hz,5H),5.45–5.18(m,2H),4.78(p,J=6.4Hz,2H),4.44(d,J=19.9Hz,1H),4.08(s,1H),3.99(dd,J=10.3,6.0Hz,3H),3.82–3.62(m,2H),1.51(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.20(dt,J=6.4,2.1Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+C29H38ClFN5O13P,计算值750.2,实测值750.3。
实施例106
双({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.63–8.49(m,1H),8.40–8.32(m,1H),5.85(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),5.64(d,J=13.4Hz,4H),5.59–5.51(m,1H),5.35–5.26(m,1H),4.63(s,1H),4.54–4.41(m,1H),4.33–4.21(m,3H),4.14–4.07(m,1H),4.07–3.98(m,2H),3.95–3.83(m,2H),3.83–3.69(m,2H),3.65–3.57(m,1H),3.57–3.49(m,3H),3.32(s,8H),2.27–2.11(m,1H),2.09–1.87(m,1H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C25H38ClN5O16P,计算值730.2,实测值730.3。
实施例107
双[(甲氧基羰基)氧基]甲基{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)])-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.56(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),8.35(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=5.4Hz,1H),5.68–5.59(m,4H),5.55(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),5.38–5.27(m,1H),4.63(s,1H),4.47(q,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.15–4.08(m,1H),4.08–3.96(m,3H),3.96–3.84(m,2H),3.83–3.66(m,8H),3.61(dd,J=9.0,4.5Hz,1H),2.26–2.12(m,1H),2.09–1.87(m,1H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C21H30ClN5O14P,计算值642.1,实测值642.3。
实施例108
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(甲氧基羰基)氧基]甲氧基})次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54(s,1H),8.41(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.83(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=12.8Hz,3H),4.61(s,1H),4.48(t,J=5.5Hz,1H),4.10(t,J=4.2Hz,1H),4.02(q,J=3.9Hz,1H),3.95–3.80(m,3H),3.75–3.63(m,9H),3.59(dd,J=8.9,4.4Hz,1H),2.27–2.09(m,1H),2.05–1.83(m,1H).ESIMS[M-H]-,C18H24ClN5O11P,计算值552.1,实测值552.2。
实施例109
({[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-6-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-9H-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基)({[(2-甲氧基乙氧基)羰基]氧基}甲氧基)次膦酸的合成
以与实施例66类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61–8.47(m,1H),8.47–8.34(m,1H),5.83(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=12.7Hz,3H),5.29–5.15(m,1H),4.66–4.54(m,1H),4.54–4.44(m,1H),4.21(dq,J=4.4,2.1Hz,2H),4.09(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),4.02(d,J=4.1Hz,1H),3.87(dt,J=15.5,8.4Hz,2H),3.77–3.64(m,4H),3.59(dd,J=8.8,4.5Hz,1H),3.54–3.48(m,2H),3.40–3.34(m,4H),2.31–2.11(m,1H),2.11–1.82(m,1H).ESI MS[M-H]-,C20H28ClN5O12P,计算值596.1,实测值596.1。
实施例110
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-)4-{[(3S)-氧杂环戊-3-基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.93(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),8.30–8.20(m,1H),6.00(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.60–5.49(m,4H),5.46(dd,J=5.5,1.4Hz,1H),5.22(dd,J=6.1,1.3Hz,1H),4.86–4.73(m,2H),4.71–4.55(m,1H),4.42(td,J=5.5,2.7Hz,1H),4.19(q,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.01–3.96(m,1H),3.94–3.82(m,4H),3.77–3.61(m,3H),3.56(dd,J=10.9,6.5Hz,1H),2.36–2.15(m,1H),1.91(d,J=12.4Hz,1H),1.28–1.16(m,13H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C25H37ClN5O14P,计算值698.2,实测值698.3。
实施例111
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-)4-{[(1S)-1-苯乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,
DMSO-d6)δ9.15(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.29(s,1H),7.39(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.36–
7.30(m,2H),7.27–7.19(m,1H),5.98(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.63–5.49(m,5H),5.41(p,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.85–4.70(m,2H),4.41(t,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.19(t,J=5.2Hz,1H),3.98(q,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.91(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.71(dd,J=10.9,3.6Hz,1H),3.56(dd,J=11.0,6.6Hz,1H),1.53(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.30–1.12(m,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C29H39ClN5O13P,计算值732.2,实测值732.3。
实施例112
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.13(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.32–8.20(m,1H),7.48–7.36(m,2H),7.15(td,J=8.3,7.7,3.4Hz,2H),5.99(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),5.63–5.48(m,5H),5.46–5.35(m,2H),5.22(d,J=6.1Hz,1H),4.86–4.72(m,2H),4.41(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.19(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),4.09–3.82(m,3H),3.71(dd,J=10.9,3.5Hz,1H),3.62–3.53(m,1H),1.55–1.48(m,3H),1.23(ddd,J=8.8,5.0,1.9Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+C29H38ClFN5O13P,计算值750.2,实测值750.3。
实施例113
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1R)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.14(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.28(s,1H),7.43(dd,J=8.4,5.4Hz,2H),7.15(t,J=8.8Hz,2H),5.99(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),5.62–5.46(m,5H),5.41(q,J=7.5Hz,1H),5.24(t,J=6.2Hz,1H),4.83–4.70(m,2H),4.43(q,J=4.9Hz,1H),4.19(q,J=5.6Hz,1H),3.98(q,J=5.4Hz,1H),3.90(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.70(dd,J=11.0,3.7Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=11.0,6.5Hz,1H),1.52(d,J=7.0Hz,3H),1.19(t,J=6.0Hz,12H).MS[M+H]+C29H38ClFN5O13P,计算值750.2,实测值750.3。
实施例114
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-1H-吡唑并[3,4-b]吡啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.35(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.47–7.38(m,2H),7.19–7.09(m,2H),6.05(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),5.61–5.15(m,5H),4.88(s,1H),4.84–4.73(m,2H),4.47–4.40(m,1H),4.19(t,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.00–3.94(m,1H),3.90(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.70(dd,J=11.0,3.6Hz,1H),3.55(dd,J=10.9,6.6Hz,1H),1.54–1.46(m,3H),1.26–1.18(m,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H40ClFN4O13P,计算值749.2,实测值749.3。
实施例115
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[2-氯-4-(吡咯烷-1-基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基]-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.35(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),6.00(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.66–5.53(m,4H),5.42–5.33(m,1H),5.25(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),4.80(p,J=6.2Hz,2H),4.26(q,J=5.8Hz,1H),4.10–3.91(m,4H),3.86–3.52(m,7H),1.95(d,J=41.4Hz,5H),1.22(dt,J=6.3,1.0Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C26H38ClN4O13P,计算值681.2,实测值681.4。
实施例116
双({[(丙-2-基氧基)羰基]氧基}甲基){[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-氯-4-{[(1S)-1-(4-氟苯基)乙基]氨基}-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-7-基)-3,4-二羟基氧杂环戊-2-基]甲氧基}甲基膦酸酯的合成
以与实施例65类似的方式合成标题化合物:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.4,5.5Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),7.16–7.08(m,2H),6.76(s,1H),5.94(d,J=5.8Hz,1H),5.64–5.54(m,4H),5.43–5.33(m,1H),4.85–4.74(m,2H),4.24(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.04–3.91(m,4H),3.76–3.61(m,2H),1.50(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),1.21(d,J=6.5Hz,12H).ESI MS[M+H]+,C30H40ClFN4O13P,计算值749.2,实测值749.3。
生物实验
材料和方法
在指出之处或下面的实施例中使用以下通用材料和方法:
科学文献中描述了分子生物学中的标准方法(参见例如Sambrook和Russell(2001)分子克隆,第3版,冷泉港实验室出版社,冷泉港,NY;和Ausubel等(2001)分子生物学最新方案,第1-4卷,约翰威利父子公司,纽约,纽约州,其描述了在细菌细胞中的克隆和DNA诱变(第1卷),在哺乳动物细胞和酵母中的克隆(第2卷),糖缀合物和蛋白质表达(第3卷)和生物信息学(第4卷))。
科学文献描述了用于蛋白质纯化的方法、包括免疫沉淀、色谱法、电泳、离心和结晶、以及化学分析、化学修饰、翻译后修饰、融合蛋白的产生和蛋白质的糖基化(参见例如Coligan等(2000)蛋白质科学目前的实验方案,第1-2卷,约翰威利父子公司,纽约)。
可以获得用于确定例如抗原片段、前导序列、蛋白质折叠、功能域、糖基化位点和序列比对的软件包和数据库(参见,例如GCG威斯康星包装(Accelrys公司,圣地亚哥,加利福尼亚州);和DeCypher TM(TimeLogic公司,水晶湾,内华达州)。
文献中有丰富的可用作评价本文所述化合物的基础的测定和其他实验技术。
抑制胞外-5’-核苷酸酶活性.评估化合物以确定它们的胞外-5′-核苷酸酶(CD73)抑制活性。简而言之,使用人CD73(http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21589)和哺乳动物瞬时表达载体(P21589.1)的分子克隆,通过LakePharma(贝尔蒙,加利福尼亚州)产生稳定转染人CD73的CHO-K1细胞。在含有5μg/mL嘌呤霉素和200μg/mL潮霉素B的CD OptiCHO细胞培养基(英杰,货号#12681-011)中进行抗生素选择后,收集CHO-CD73细胞的悬浮液合并物,在7.5%DMSO中在没有抗生素的细胞培养基冷冻。
在实验当天,将一小瓶CHO-CD73细胞解冻并悬浮在由20mM HEPES,pH 7.4,137mMNaCl,5.4mM KCl,1.3mM CaCl2,4.2mM NaHCO3和0.1%葡萄糖组成的测定培养基中。为了测试化合物抑制CD73酶活性的能力,将2μL的500μM溶于DMSO(50x)的化合物加入到含有58μL测定缓冲液的96孔聚苯乙烯板中。接下来,将20μL在测定缓冲液中的CHO-CD73细胞加入到测定板中,然后加入20μL在测定缓冲液中的125μM AMP(腺苷5′-单磷酸盐一水合物)。最终测定条件由在2%DMSO和25μMAMP底物中的每孔2500个细胞组成。孵育50分钟(37℃和5%CO2)后并在225×g下离心5分钟,将80μL上清液转移到预先分配有20μL PiColorLock Gold比色测定试剂(Thermo,目录号30 300 30)的96孔色谱板(Spectra Plate)(珀金埃尔默,cat#6005640)中。通过在EnVision Multilabel读板器(珀金埃尔默)上在620nm处读取吸光度来测定无机磷酸盐的量。CD73的酶活性基于产生的磷酸盐的量。活性百分比是基于DMSO和没有细胞的对照孔计算的。通过GraphPad Prism软件中活性百分比的四参数非线性回归拟合确定化合物的IC50值。
药效学和药代动力学评价.药效学测定可以基于CD73介导的腺苷血清水平的测量。腺苷水平可以通过HPLC分析确定,并且血清化合物水平也可以任选地在相同的HPLC运行中测定。
本文描述了本发明的特定实施例,包括发明人已知的用于实施本发明的最佳模式。在阅读前述说明后,所公开的实施方案的变化对于本领域的技术人员而言可能变得明显,并且预期那些技术人员可以适当地采用这样的变化。因此,本发明旨在以不同于本文具体描述的方式来实施,并且本发明包括适用法律允许的所附权利要求书中所述主题的所有修改和等同物。此外,除非本文另有说明或者与上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明涵盖上述要素在其所有可能变型中的任何组合。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物、专利申请、登录号和其他参考文献都通过引用并入本文,如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被具体地和单独地指出通过引用并入。
Claims (15)
2.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1所述的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物在制备用于治疗至少部分由CD73介导的疾病、病症或病况的药物中的用途,其中所述疾病、病症或病况是癌症或免疫相关的疾病、病征或病况。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述化合物呈有效逆转或阻止CD73介导的免疫抑制的进展的量。
5.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述癌症是前列腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胰腺癌、子宫颈癌、胃癌、子宫内膜癌、脑癌、肝脏癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、睾丸癌、头部癌、颈部癌、皮肤癌、间皮衬里癌、白细胞癌、食道癌、乳腺癌、肌肉瘤、结缔组织瘤、肺癌、肾上腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾脏癌或骨骼瘤;或是成胶质细胞瘤、间皮瘤、肾细胞癌、肉瘤、绒毛膜癌、皮肤基底细胞癌或睾丸精原细胞瘤。
6.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述癌症选自下组:黑素瘤、结肠癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌、白血病、脑瘤、淋巴瘤、卵巢癌和卡波西肉瘤。
7.如权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述免疫相关的疾病、病征或病况选自类风湿性关节炎、肾衰竭、狼疮、哮喘、牛皮癣、结肠炎、胰腺炎、过敏、纤维化、贫血性纤维肌痛、阿尔茨海默症、充血性心力衰竭、中风、主动脉瓣狭窄、动脉硬化、骨质疏松症、帕金森病、感染、过敏性接触性皮炎和其他湿疹、系统性硬化症和多发性硬化症。
8.包含如权利要求1所述的化合物和至少一种另外的治疗剂的组合产品。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合产品,其特征在于,所述至少一种另外的治疗剂是化学治疗剂、免疫和/或炎症调节剂、抗高胆固醇血症剂或抗感染剂。
10.如权利要求8所述的组合产品,其特征在于,所述至少一种另外的治疗剂是免疫检查点抑制剂。
11.包含如权利要求1所述的化合物和至少一种另外的治疗剂的试剂盒。
12.如权利要求11所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述至少一种另外的治疗剂是化学治疗剂、免疫和/或炎症调节剂、抗高胆固醇血症剂或抗感染剂。
13.如权利要求11所述的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述至少一种另外的治疗剂是免疫检查点抑制剂。
14.如权利要求1所述的化合物和免疫检查点抑制剂在制备用于治疗受试者中的癌症的药物中的用途。
15.如权利要求10所述的组合产品、如权利要求13所述的试剂盒或如权利要求14所述的用途,其中所述免疫检查点抑制剂选自下组:依普利单抗、纳武单抗、派姆单抗、阿维鲁单抗、阿特珠单抗、度伐鲁单抗和帕博利珠单抗。
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