CN109912538B - 一种抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,涉及原料药相关技术领域;包括以下步骤:以式苯并噻唑为原料,与2,4‑二甲基氯苯(III)偶联生成2‑(2,4‑二甲基苯基硫烷基)苯胺(IV),亚氨基二乙酸(V)自身缩合合成2,6‑二羰基吗啉(VI),化合物IV2‑(2,4‑二甲基苯基硫烷基)苯胺与化合物(VI)2,6‑二羰基吗啉缩合得到4‑[2‑(2,4‑二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]‑3,5‑二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ),Ⅶ再经过还原得到沃替西汀;本发明沃替西汀的制备方法,不再使用易挥发的具有恶臭气味的苯硫酚衍生物、对环境友好,且制备方法不再使用贵重金属与磷配体催化偶联,生产成本低,操作简单安全、收率高、制得的沃替西汀纯度高、能够达到原料药要求、适合于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于有机合成路线设计及其原料药和中间体制备技术领域,特别涉及一种抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法。
背景技术:
沃替西汀(vortioxetine)是由灵北和武田联合研发,化学名称为1-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯硫基)苯基]哌嗪,其双芳香基硫醚基胺类的结构,是抑郁药中的化学新结构类别,于2013年9月30日由美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准上市,用于成人抑郁症(MDD)的治疗。
5-羟色胺是一种能产生愉悦情绪的信使,几乎影响到大脑活动的每个方面:从调节情绪,经历,记忆力到塑造人生观。5-羟色胺水平较低的人群更容易发生抑郁,冲动行为,酗酒,自杀,攻击及暴力行为。另外5-羟色胺还能增强记忆力,并能保护神经元免受兴奋神经毒素的损害。因此充足的5-羟色胺确实能在老化过程中防止脑损害的发生。沃替西汀主要作用机制是5-羟色胺转运体抑制剂,多通道5-HT3,5-HT7,5-HT1D受体拮抗剂,5-HT1B受体部分激动剂,5-HT1A受体激动剂,通过调节5-HT起到抗抑郁作用。相比较于其它的抗抑郁药物,沃替西汀对去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺能神经元几乎没有影响。经过多项临床试验证明沃替西汀对于治疗成人抑郁症具有有效性,安全性,耐受性,且服用该药的患者在治愈后,复发的可能性也降低,因此有很好的研究应用前景。
关于沃替西汀的制备方法,国内外已经公布如下几种制备方法:
(一)专利WO2013/102573和CN101472906公开了沃替西汀的一种合成方法,以哌嗪、2,4-二甲基碘苯和邻溴苯硫酚作为起始原料,甲苯作为溶剂,叔丁醇钠作碱,用双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯和联萘二苯磷作催化剂,在氮气保护下反应得到沃替西汀,收率80.1%;反应方程式如下:
该工艺存在以下几点问题:1、使用2,4-二甲基碘苯和邻溴苯硫酚作为起始原料,起始原料昂贵,来源不稳定,生产成本高,且邻溴苯硫酚具有强烈恶臭味,环境不友好。2、使用双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯和联萘二苯磷作催化剂,价格都比较贵,工业化成本太高,且用醋酸钯做催化剂容易造成终产品重金属含量超标。3,哌嗪基副反应严重。
(二)、专利WO2013/102573,CN102317272和CN101472906公开了另外一种合成方法,以哌嗪、2,4-二甲基苯硫酚和邻溴碘苯作为起始原料,用甲苯做溶剂,叔丁醇钠做碱,用双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯或醋酸钯和联萘二苯磷作催化剂,加热回流6小时,在氮气保护下反应得到沃替西汀,反应收率81.5%
反应方程式如下:
该工艺存在以下几点问题:1、使用2,4-二甲基苯硫酚和邻溴碘苯作为起始原料,起始原料昂贵,来源不稳定,生产成本高,且2,4-二甲基苯硫酚具有强烈恶臭味,环境不友好。2、使用双(二亚芐基丙酮)钯和联萘二苯磷作催化剂,价格都比较贵,工业化成本太高,且用醋酸钯做催化剂容易造成终产品重金属含量超标。3,哌嗪基副反应严重。
文献[J.Med.Chem.2011,54,3206–3221]中公开了另外两种方法:
以上两条反应哌嗪虽然引入保护基,可降低其副反应,但使用钯催化剂,这将可能导致产品金属含量超标,而影响产品的质量,另外反应原料邻溴碘苯的价格也较昂贵,导致产品的成本偏高。
Lundbeck公司在专利CN1561336中公开了沃替西汀盐酸盐的制备方法:
此路线以2-硝基氟苯和2,4-二甲基硫酚为起始原料,经取代、硝基还原、成环、酰胺还原、脱Boc保护等5步反应制得沃替西汀。其中由化合物3和4制备化合物2需要在四氢呋喃中回流60小时,反应时间长,且收率也较低,后面还需脱BOC制备最终产物,操作路线长,不利于工业化生产。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述不足之处,研究设计一种原料易得,操作简便,成本低,反应收率高,选择性好其环境友好型的沃替西汀(I)的制备方法。
本发明的制备方法如下:
其特征在于其包括如下制备步骤:
以式(II)所示化合物为原料,与2,4-二甲基氯苯(III)偶联生成2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫烷基)苯胺(IV),亚氨基二乙酸(V)自身缩合合成2,6-二羰基吗啉(VI),化合物IV与化合物VI缩合得到4-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]-3,5-二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ),Ⅶ再经过还原得到沃替西汀(I)。
所述缩合偶联反应的原料式(II)化合物和2,4-二甲基氯苯(III)的投料摩尔比为1:0.5-1.5,优选1:1.0-1.3。
所述化合物(IV)的合成,催化剂为铜、氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、钯、醋酸钯、氯化钯中的一种或多种,进一步优选溴化亚铜。
所述化合物(IV)的合成,碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、甲醇钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种,进一步优选碳酸铯。
所述化合物(VI)的合成:溶剂为乙酸酐、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲苯中的一种或多种,进一步优选乙酸酐。
所述化合物(I)的合成:其还原剂为硼氢化钠、鉑、钯、镍、氢化锂铝、乙硼烷中的一种或多种,进一步优选硼氢化钠。
相比于现有技术,本发明所揭示的沃替西汀(I)的制备方法,不再使用易挥发的具有恶臭气味的苯硫酚衍生物、对环境友好,且制备方法不再适用贵重金属与磷配体催化偶联,生产成本低,操作简单安全、收率高、制得的沃替西汀纯度高、能够达到原料药要求、适合于工业化生产。
附图说明:
图1为本发明合成沃替西汀HPLC图谱。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体的实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。应理解,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1:
称取42.7g(0.316mol,1.0eq)的苯并噻唑置于1.0L的反应器中,加入2,4-二甲基氯苯57.5g(0.411mol,1.3eq.),206.0g(0.632mol,2eq.)碳酸铯,4.5g(31.6mmol,10mol%)溴化亚铜,500mL聚乙二醇200,氮气保护下140℃搅拌反应22h。降温至室温下,加入200mL乙酸乙酯、300mL水,充分搅拌使之均匀,然后硅藻土抽滤,分液,减压旋蒸除去溶剂,得到黑色粘稠液体,HPLC纯度95.3%,收率94.2%。
实施例2:
称取41.1g(0.309mol)的亚氨基二乙酸置于500ml的反应瓶中,加入205ml乙酸酐,氮气保护加热至150℃回流2h,降温,得产物2,6-二羰基吗啉,收率96.2%。
实施例3:
将实施例1所得产物2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫烷基)苯胺(IV)68.2g(0.297mol,1.0eq),加入到实施例2所得2,6-二羰基吗啉34.2g(0.297mol,1.0eq)的混合液中,加热至150℃回流3h,浓缩除去溶剂,加入400ml乙酸乙酯,200ml水萃取,浓缩有机层得固体产物97.9g,HPLC纯度94.6%,收率95.5%。
实施例4:
将实施例3所得产物4-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]-3,5-二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ)92.6g(0.284mol,1.0eq),溶于500ml甲醇中,降温至0~5℃,分批加入硼氢化钠21.5g(0.568mol,2.0eq),HPLC监测至中间体Ⅶ低于0.1%,滴加142g48%氢溴酸继续搅拌2h,再加入500ml乙酸乙酯,浓缩除去甲醇,析出固体,降温至10℃继续搅拌1h,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤,水洗涤,干燥得固体沃替西汀100.4g,收率93%。经HPLC常规方法检测沃替西汀,如图1所示。
其中沃替西汀高效液相色谱分析检测条件如下:
色谱柱:岛津InertSustainC18,5um,4.6*250mm
柱温T:35℃ 流速F:1.0ml/min
进样量V:10ul 检测波长:254nm
流动相:0.025%TFA-水和0.025%TFA-ACN梯度洗脱
实施例5
将实施例3所得产物4-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]-3,5-二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ)92.6g(0.284mol,1.0eq),溶于500ml甲醇中,降温至0~5℃,分批加入硼氢化钠21.5g(0.568mol,2.0eq),点板反应结束,滴加142g48%氢溴酸继续搅拌2h,再加入500ml乙酸乙酯,浓缩除去甲醇,析出固体,降温至10℃继续搅拌1h,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤,水洗涤,干燥得固体100.4g,收率93%。
实施例6
将实施例3所得产物4-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]-3,5-二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ)92.6g(0.284mol,1.0eq),溶于500ml甲醇中,加氢反应釜,控温20~25℃,加入10%Pd/c4.63g,氢气2.0MPa反应3h,点板反应结束,过滤,滤液滴加142g48%氢溴酸继续搅拌2h,再加入500ml乙酸乙酯,浓缩除去甲醇,析出固体,降温至10℃继续搅拌1h,过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯洗涤,水洗涤,干燥得固体101.5g,收率94%。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
以式(II)所示化合物为原料,与2,4-二甲基氯苯(III)偶联生成2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫烷基)苯胺(IV),亚氨基二乙酸(V)自身缩合合成2,6-二羰基吗啉(VI),化合物IV与化合物VI缩合得到4-[2-(2,4-二甲基苯基硫基)苯基]-3,5-二氧代哌嗪(Ⅶ),Ⅶ再经过还原得到沃替西汀(I);
所述化合物(IV)的合成,催化剂为铜、氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜中的一种或多种;
和/或
所述化合物(IV)的合成,碱为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、碳酸铯、甲醇钠、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾中的一种或多种;
和/或
所述化合物(VI)的合成:溶剂为乙酸酐、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲苯中的一种或多种;
和/或
所述化合物(I)的合成:其还原剂为硼氢化钠、氢化锂铝、乙硼烷中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缩合偶联反应的原料式(II)化合物和2,4-二甲基氯苯(III)的投料摩尔比为1:0.5-1.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,其特征在于:所述化合物(IV)的合成,催化剂选溴化亚铜。
4.根据权利要求1任一项所述的抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,其特征在于:所述化合物(I)的合成,其还原剂选硼氢化钠。
5.根据权利要求2所述的抗抑郁药沃替西汀的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缩合偶联反应的原料式(II)化合物和2,4-二甲基氯苯(III)的投料摩尔比为1:1.0-1.3。
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