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CN109891023B - 具有包含对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的耐切割涂层的织物 - Google Patents

具有包含对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的耐切割涂层的织物 Download PDF

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CN109891023B
CN109891023B CN201780066768.0A CN201780066768A CN109891023B CN 109891023 B CN109891023 B CN 109891023B CN 201780066768 A CN201780066768 A CN 201780066768A CN 109891023 B CN109891023 B CN 109891023B
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M.艾弗沙利
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Abstract

公开了一种织物,其包含耐切割聚合物涂层,该耐切割聚合物涂层包含1至10重量百分比的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒,所述颗粒具有20到500微米的平均粒径。

Description

具有包含对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的耐切割涂层的织物
发明背景
技术领域.本发明涉及一种用于织物的涂层,其具有出人意料提高的耐切割性能。
背景技术.已知耐切割制品,包括具有弹性体涂层的手套。另外,已知具有包括无机颗粒的涂层的制品,例如Zhou等人的PCT公开WO 2015/142340,或Ghazaly等人的WO2012/149172中所公开。
已知无机颗粒(例如二氧化硅和各种碳化物)为硬质材料并且据信,在将这类材料并入涂层以获得耐切割制品(例如手套)时,这些无机颗粒可能对正在处理的物品造成划痕来源,这些物品是例如精细加工的零件,如汽车发动机罩。期望可以提高制品的耐切割性并且另外降低划痕可能性的任何特征。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种织物,其包含聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含1至10重量百分比的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒,所述颗粒的平均粒径为20到500微米。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种包含涂层的耐切割织物和/或制品,该涂层包含对芳族聚酰胺耐切割颗粒。该织物可由对芳族聚酰胺、间芳族聚酰胺或共混物的纤维制得,并且可包含其他纤维,例如脂肪族聚酰胺(尼龙)、聚烯烃或聚酯。
在一些优选实施例中,耐切割织物由对芳族聚酰胺制得。具体来说,希望将对芳族聚酰胺纤维(由于其优异的切割防护),例如可获自威尔明顿(Wilmington,DE)杜邦公司(E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company)的
Figure BDA0002041669230000011
牌对芳族聚酰胺纤维用于织物和制品(包括手套)。
出人意料地,已经发现仅向这类织物或制品的涂层添加百分之一的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒即提供可测量的耐切割性提高,总体而言为5%或更大的耐切割性提高,优选地10%或更大的耐切割性提高。从实际角度来看,期望添加至多约10%对芳族聚酰胺颗粒。这类较高量的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒已经显示出大约高达约50%的耐切割性提高。
颗粒的平均直径可在20到500微米(microns/micrometers)范围内。在一些实施例中,此范围内的颗粒平均直径为50微米或更大并且在一些其他实施例中,此范围内的颗粒平均直径为75微米或更大。在一些实施例中,此范围内的颗粒平均直径为120微米或更大。在一些实施例中,此范围内的颗粒平均直径为250微米或更小;在一些实施例中,此范围内的颗粒平均直径为120微米或更小。在一些实施例中,对芳族聚酰胺颗粒不含原纤维并具有相对较低的表面积。单个颗粒形状一般为圆形并且术语“不含原纤维”意味其不含大量原纤维或触须(tentacle)。据相信,实质上遍及涂层内均匀分散的芳族聚酰胺颗粒凭借颗粒的化学组成为涂层和制品提供提高的耐切割性。
涂层的颗粒成分为约1到10重量百分比芳族聚酰胺颗粒。最优选的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒包含聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)。因为芳族聚酰胺颗粒实质上不含原纤维,所以其可以在耐切割织物上提供均匀和无团聚的涂层。
对芳族聚酰胺颗粒可以通过将对芳族聚酰胺聚合物粉碎成所需尺寸而制得。举例来说,根据美国专利第3,063,966号和第4,308,374号中的教示内容制备的对芳族聚酰胺聚合物呈水润湿团粒形式完成,其可经干燥并接着在锤式粉碎机中粉碎至50到500微米的平均直径。一经干燥和粉碎,可以将对芳族聚酰胺颗粒分类并分离所需尺寸范围的颗粒以供使用。
优选地,芳族聚酰胺颗粒具有相对较低的表面积-小于2到小至0.2平方米/克,这指示含有原纤维的高表面积浆样颗粒与不含原纤维的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒之间的差异。具有原纤维的浆样芳族聚酰胺颗粒一般展现大于5平方米/克,大约为10平方米/克的表面积。使用氮气通过B.ET.法测定表面积。
在一些实施例中,如本文涂布有对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的织物和制品具有甚至更多的益处,包括与通常使用100%每根长丝1.5旦尼尔(每根长丝1.7分特)的对芳族聚酰胺纤维纱线制得的织物相比,具有等效或更高的耐切割性。换句话说,在一些实施例中,100%对芳族聚酰胺纤维织物的耐切割性可以通过具有对芳族聚酰胺颗粒但具有较少量对芳族聚酰胺纤维的经涂布织物复制,这意味着织物或制品在较低重量下具有等效性能,其转化为提高的使用舒适性。
如本文所用,词语“织物”意味着包括任何织造、针织或非织造层结构等。优选的织物是由纱线制成的织造或针织织物。“纱线”意指纺丝或加捻在一起以形成连续股线的纤维的集合。如本文所用,纱线通常指代所属领域中已知的单股纱线,其为适用于如织造和针织等操作的纺织材料的最简单股线,或者它可意指股纱。纺成短纤纱可以由短纤维在或多或少捻度下形成;连续复丝纱可以在捻度下或在无捻度下形成。在单股纱线中存在捻度时,其均呈同一方向。如本文使用的,短语“合股纱线”和“股纱”可以互换使用,并且是指加捻或合股在一起的两根或更多根单纱。
纱线可包含短纤维的均匀共混物。“均匀共混物”意指各种短纤维均匀分布在短纤纱束中。用于一些实施例中的短纤维的长度为2到20厘米。可使用短纤维或基于棉的纱线系统、长纤维或基于毛纺的纱线系统或拉断纱线系统将短纤维纺成纱线。在一些实施例中,尤其对于待用于基于棉的纺纱系统而言,短纤维切割长度优选地为3.5到6厘米。在一些其他实施例中,尤其对于待用于长纤维或基于毛纺的纺纱系统而言,短纤维切割长度优选地为3.5到16厘米。用于许多实施例中的单独短纤维具有5到30微米的直径和在每根长丝约0.5到6.5旦尼尔(每根长丝0.56到7.2分特)的范围内,优选地在每根长丝1.0到5.0旦尼尔(每根长丝1.1到5.6分特)范围内的线密度。
“织造”意指包括通过织造(即,典型地以直角交错或交织至少两根纱线)制得的任何织物。总体来说,这类织物通过使一组称为经纱的纱线与另一组称为纬纱或纬线交错而制得。织造织物可具有基本上任何织物组织,例如平纹组织、破斜纹组织(crowfootweave)、方平组织、缎纹组织、斜纹组织、不平衡组织等等。平纹组织最常见。“针织”意味着包括通过借助于针或金属丝将一个或多个纱线的一系列线圈锁缝可生产的结构,如经编针织物(warp knit)(例如,特里科织物(tricot)、米兰尼斯经编织物(milanese)或拉舍尔经编针织物(raschel))和纬编针织物(例如,圆形的或平坦的织物)。“非织造”意味着包括形成柔性片材的纤维网络,其可在无织造或针织的情况下制造并通过以下任一种保持在一起(i)至少一些纤维的机械互锁;(ii)熔合一些纤维的至少某些部分;或(iii)通过使用粘合剂材料粘合至少一些纤维。利用纱线的非织造织物主要包括单向织物,但是其他结构也是可能的。
在一些优选实施例中,织物为针织织物,其使用任何合适的针织图案和常规针织机。耐切割性和舒适性受针织物的紧密度影响并且可调节紧密度以满足任何特定需要。在例如单面针织和毛圈(terry)针织图案中已经发现了耐切割性和舒适性的非常有效的组合。在一些实施例中,织物具有在3到30oz/yd2(100到1000g/m2),优选地5到25oz/yd2(170到850g/m2)范围内的基重,在基重范围高端处的织物提供更多切割防护。
可将织物用于制品以提供切割防护。有用的制品包括但不限于手套、围裙和袖套。在一个优选实施例中,制品为经针织,优选地直接由纱线卷轴针织而成的耐切割手套。
在一些实施例中,脂肪族聚酰胺纤维是指含有尼龙聚合物或共聚物的任何类型纤维。尼龙为长链合成聚酰胺,其具有重复酰胺基(-NH-CO-)作为聚合物链的整体部分,并且尼龙的两个常见实例为尼龙66(其为聚己二酰己二胺)和尼龙6(其为聚己内酰胺)。其他尼龙可包括尼龙11(其由11-氨基-十一酸制成);和尼龙610(其由己二胺与癸二酸的缩合产物制成)。
在一些实施例中,聚烯烃纤维是指由聚丙烯或聚乙烯制成的纤维。聚丙烯由丙烯的聚合物或共聚物制得。一种聚丙烯纤维可自菲利普斯纤维公司(Phillips Fibers)以商品名
Figure BDA0002041669230000041
商购获得。聚乙烯由乙烯的聚合物或共聚物制得,以100摩尔%聚合物计,其具有至少50摩尔%乙烯,并且可以由熔融物纺丝而成;然而在一些优选实施例中,纤维由凝胶纺丝而成。有用的聚乙烯纤维可由高分子量聚乙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯制得。高分子量聚乙烯总体上具有大于约40,000的重均分子量。一种高分子量熔纺聚乙烯纤维可从
Figure BDA0002041669230000042
商购获得;聚烯烃纤维还可包括双组分纤维,其具有各种聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯皮-芯或并排构造。可商购获得的超高分子量聚乙烯总体上具有约一百万或更大的重量平均分子量。一种超高分子量聚乙烯或伸长链聚乙烯纤维一般可以如美国专利第4,457,985号中所论述制备。这种类型的凝胶纺丝纤维可从DSM和东洋纺(Toyobo)以商品名
Figure BDA0002041669230000043
或从霍尼韦尔(Honeywell)以
Figure BDA0002041669230000044
商购获得。
在一些实施例中,聚酯纤维是指由至少85重量%的二羟醇和对苯二酸的酯构成的任何类型的合成聚合物或共聚物。聚合物可以通过乙二醇与对苯二酸或其衍生物的反应来产生。在一些实施例中,优选的聚酯为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。聚酯配制物可包括多种共聚单体,包括二乙二醇、环己烷二甲醇、聚(乙二醇)、戊二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、间苯二甲酸等等。除了这些共聚单体以外,还可以使用支化剂如苯均三酸、苯均四酸、三羟甲基丙烷和三羟甲基乙烷、以及季戊四醇等。PET可以通过已知的聚合技术,由对苯二酸或其低级烷基酯(例如对苯二甲酸二甲酯)和乙二醇或这些物质的共混物或混合物获得。有用的聚酯还可包括聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)。PEN可以通过已知的聚合技术,由2,6萘二甲酸和乙二醇获得。
在一些其他实施例中,优选的聚酯为展现热致熔融物行为的芳香族聚酯。这些包括液晶或各向异性熔融聚酯,如可以商品名
Figure BDA0002041669230000045
自可乐丽集团(Kuraray)所获得的。在一些其他实施例中,优选地是具有低熔点的可熔融加工的全芳香族液晶聚酯聚合物,例如美国专利第5,525,700号中所描述的那些。
在一些优选实施例中,织物由芳族聚酰胺纤维制得,这些芳族聚酰胺纤维优选地为对芳族聚酰胺纤维和/或间位芳族聚酰胺纤维。聚合物可包括聚酰胺均聚物、共聚物和其以芳香族为主的混合物,其中至少85%的酰胺基(-CONH-)键直接连接于两个芳香环。这些环可为未被取代或被取代的。对芳族聚酰胺纤维包括对位取向的合成芳香族聚酰胺聚合物,而间位芳族聚酰胺纤维包括间位取向的合成芳香族聚酰胺聚合物。也就是说,当两个环或基团沿分子链相对于彼此对位取向时,聚合物为对芳族聚酰胺;当两个环或基团沿分子链相对于彼此间位取向时,聚合物为间位芳族聚酰胺。优选地,聚合物具有不大于10百分比的替代在形成该聚合物中使用的主要二胺的其他二胺或不大于10百分比的替代在形成该聚合物中使用的主要二酰氯的其他二酰氯。
在一些实施例中,优选的芳族聚酰胺纤维为对芳族聚酰胺纤维。聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)(PPD-T)和其共聚物为优选的对芳族聚酰胺。PPD-T意指由对苯二胺和对苯二甲酰氯的摩尔对摩尔聚合产生的均聚物,以及由少量其他二胺与对苯二胺的结合和少量其他二酰氯与对苯二甲酰氯的结合产生的共聚物。总体而言,其他二胺和其他二酰氯可以最多高达约为对苯二胺或对苯二甲酰氯的10摩尔%或者可能略高的量使用,前提仅仅是其他二胺和二酰氯不具有干扰聚合反应的反应性基团。PPD-T还意指由其他芳香族二胺和其他芳香族二酰氯(例如2,6-萘二甲酰氯或氯-或二氯代对苯二甲酰氯)的结合产生的共聚物;前提仅仅是其他芳香族二胺和芳香族二酰氯的存在量不会不利地影响对芳族聚酰胺的特性。
对芳族聚酰胺纤维一般通过将对芳族聚酰胺溶液挤出通过毛细管进入凝固浴来纺丝。就聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)而言,溶液的溶剂一般为浓硫酸且挤出一般通过气隙进入冷的水性凝固浴。这类方法为人所熟知且一般公开于美国专利第3,063,966号;第3,767,756号;第3,869,429号和第3,869,430号中。对芳族聚酰胺纤维可以
Figure BDA0002041669230000051
牌纤维(其可获自杜邦公司)和
Figure BDA0002041669230000052
牌纤维(其可获自帝人株式会社(Teijin,Ltd.))商购获得。
优选的间芳族聚酰胺为聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)(MPD-I)和其共聚物。一种这类间位芳族聚酰胺纤维为可获自威尔明顿的杜邦公司的
Figure BDA0002041669230000053
芳族聚酰胺纤维,然而,可获得各种样式的间位芳族聚酰胺纤维:可以商标
Figure BDA0002041669230000054
获自日本东京的帝人株式会社;以
Figure BDA0002041669230000055
获自日本大阪的尤尼吉可株式会社(Unitika,Ltd.);以New
Figure BDA0002041669230000056
间芳族聚酰胺纤维获自中国山东省的烟台氨纶股份有限公司(Yantai Spandex Co.Ltd);和以
Figure BDA0002041669230000057
芳族聚酰胺1313获自中国广东新会的广东彩艳股份有限公司(GuangdongCharming Chemical Co.Ltd.)。间芳族聚酰胺纤维具有固有阻燃性并且可以通过干法纺丝或湿法纺丝,使用任何数目的工艺来纺丝;然而,美国专利第3,063,966号、第3,227,793号、第3,287,324号、第3,414,645号和第5,667,743号说明用于制备可以使用的芳族聚酰胺纤维的适用方法。
本文所讨论的任何纤维或与这些纤维组合的其他纤维可以使用所属领域熟知的用于给那些纤维染色或着色的常规技术提供颜色。替代性地,许多着色纤维可以从许多不同供应商商购获得。制备着色芳族聚酰胺纤维的一种代表性方法公开于Lee的美国专利第5,114,652号和第4,994,323号中。本文所讨论的任何纤维或与这些纤维组合的其他纤维可以拥有增强颗粒以提高其他切割增强添加剂或填充剂的耐切割性,例如LaNieve等人的美国专利第6,162,538号中所公开。
适用于涂布织物和制品的有用聚合化合物包括天然和合成橡胶,包括但不限于聚氨酯弹性体、丁腈橡胶、乙烯基橡胶、聚异戊二烯、氯丁橡胶、氯丁二烯、聚氯丁二烯、丙烯腈丁二烯、羧基化丙烯腈丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯或这些物质的某种组合。在一些实施例中,聚合化合物包括具有用以涂布的适当弹性行为并用于织物表面的其他材料,例如含氟聚合物。可以胶乳、溶液、熔融物、单体-聚合物混合物或任何其他形式的液体形式将弹性材料涂覆于织物。聚合化合物与对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的合适混合物通过以下形成:混合或混配对芳族聚酰胺颗粒与液体聚合化合物,直到对芳族聚酰胺颗粒在聚合化合物中形成均匀分散。
织物和制品可以通过例如以下手段涂布有聚合化合物和对芳族聚酰胺颗粒的混合物:将织物或制品浸渍于混合物中;将混合物以溶液或熔融物形式涂布于织物或制品的表面上;将混合物喷雾或吹制于织物或制品的表面上;或将含有混合物的泡沫涂覆于织物或制品的表面。
测试方法
耐切割性.使用“用于测量在防护服中使用的材料的耐切割性的标准测试方法(Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing)”,ASTM标准F 1790-97测定切割性能。在测试性能中,将切割刃在指定力下拉伸穿过安装在芯轴上的样品一次。在若干不同的力下,记录从初始接触点拉到切穿点所经过的距离,并绘制力作为到达切穿点距离的函数的图。从图中确定距离为25毫米的切穿点处的力,并归一化处理,以验证刀片进刀量的一致性。归一化的力记录为耐切割力。
切割刃为具有70毫米长锋利边缘的不锈钢刀片。测试开始和结束时,使用400g的荷载在氯丁橡胶校准材料上校准刀片进刀量。每次切割测试均使用新切割刃。芯轴为具有38毫米半径的圆形导电棒,并且样品使用双面胶安装在芯轴上。使切割刃与芯轴的纵向轴线呈直角从芯轴上的整个织物上拉过。当切割刃与芯轴电接触时,记录为切穿。
平均粒径.使用Coulter LS200测量并测定粒径、分布和平均粒径。该仪器使用颗粒对激光(750nm)的衍射作为粒径信息的主要来源。
实例1
使用聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)(PPD-T)纤维的基于合股短纤维的16/2’s棉纱支数纱线(总计约665旦尼尔(760分特))制备八个针织织物样品以进行涂布实验。每个针织织物样品的基重为20克/平方米。随后通过混合PPD-T树脂颗粒与聚氨酯(来自路博润公司(Lubrizol)的
Figure BDA0002041669230000072
2710)来制备七种不同涂层混合物。PPD-T颗粒的平均粒径为120和500微米中任一者。以树脂重量计,与聚氨酯混合的PPD-T树脂颗粒的量在1到10重量%范围内。具体的粒径和荷载示于表中。用作对照织物的一个织物样品仅涂布有聚氨酯且未涂布颗粒。
随后通过将一定量的含有PPD-T颗粒的液体树脂倾倒在针织织物表面上并用橡胶滚轴使涂层平滑来手动涂布针织织物的一侧。随后在室温下使涂层在织物上固化过夜。
随后测量每个经涂布织物样品的切割性能;结果示于表中。发现仅向涂层添加少量百分比的PPD-T树脂颗粒就使切割性能大量提高。
同样地,可以通过以下涂布手套:首先由纱线针织手套并随后将手套浸入含有PPD-T颗粒的液体树脂中,并根据所用材料使涂层固化或固化该涂层。
Figure BDA0002041669230000071
NA-不适用
实例2
重复实例2,但使PPD-T树脂颗粒与丁腈橡胶涂层而非聚氨酯混合。含有PPD-T颗粒的涂层在织物的耐切割性方面提供与实例1中类似的提高。

Claims (21)

1.一种织物,其包含聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含1至10重量百分比的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒,所述颗粒具有20到500微米的平均粒径,其中该织物为针织物并具有100到1000克/平方米(3到30盎司/平方码)的基重。
2.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述颗粒具有120到500微米的平均粒径。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的织物,其中所述对芳族聚酰胺颗粒为聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)颗粒。
4.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中该织物包含以下各项的纱线:聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚酯纤维,或其任何混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的织物,其中所述聚酰胺纤维为对芳族聚酰胺纤维、间芳族聚酰胺纤维或其混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的织物,其中所述对芳族聚酰胺纤维为聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)纤维。
7.如权利要求1所述的织物,其中该聚合物涂层为聚氨酯弹性体、丁腈橡胶、乙烯基橡胶、聚异戊二烯、氯丁橡胶、氯丁二烯、聚氯丁二烯、丙烯腈丁二烯、羧基化丙烯腈丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、或这些物质的某种组合。
8.如权利要求7所述的织物,其中该聚合物涂层为聚氨酯弹性体。
9.如权利要求7所述的织物,其中该聚合物涂层为丁腈橡胶。
10.如权利要求1所述的织物,其具有170到850克/平方米(5到25盎司/平方码)的基重。
11.一种包含针织织物的耐切割制品,该针织织物包含聚合物涂层,该聚合物涂层包含1至10重量百分比的对芳族聚酰胺颗粒,所述颗粒具有20到500微米的平均粒径,其中该制品为手套、围裙或袖套。
12.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中所述颗粒具有120到500微米的平均粒径。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的制品,其中所述对芳族聚酰胺颗粒为聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)颗粒。
14.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中该织物包含以下各项的纱线:聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚酯纤维,或其任何混合物。
15.如权利要求14所述的制品,其中所述聚酰胺纤维为对芳族聚酰胺纤维、间芳族聚酰胺纤维或其混合物。
16.如权利要求15所述的制品,其中所述对芳族聚酰胺纤维为聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)纤维。
17.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中该聚合物涂层为聚氨酯弹性体、丁腈橡胶、乙烯基橡胶、聚异戊二烯、氯丁橡胶、氯丁二烯、聚氯丁二烯、丙烯腈丁二烯、羧基化丙烯腈丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、或这些物质的某种组合。
18.如权利要求17所述的制品,其中该聚合物涂层为聚氨酯弹性体。
19.如权利要求17所述的制品,其中该聚合物涂层为丁腈橡胶。
20.如权利要求11所述的制品,其中该织物具有100到1000克/平方米(3到30盎司/平方码)的基重。
21.如权利要求20所述的制品,其中该织物具有170到850克/平方米(5到25盎司/平方码)的基重。
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JP7109716B2 (ja) 2022-08-01
WO2018080651A1 (en) 2018-05-03
EP3532669B1 (en) 2021-03-17
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