CN109788952A - 缝合器梁结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种末端执行器,其可具有上钳爪和下钳爪。腕部可将末端执行器连接到细长轴。梁构件可布置成在上钳爪和下钳爪内平移。致动组件可具有推动组件和牵引组件,推动组件被配置成将压缩力传递到梁构件,牵引组件被配置成将张力传递到梁构件。
Description
相关申请数据的交叉参考
本申请要求于2016年9月9日提交的美国临时申请No.62/385,636的权益,出于所有目的,该申请的全部公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
背景技术
微创外科手术技术旨在减少在诊断或外科手术过程期间受损的外部组织的量,从而减少患者恢复时间、不适和有害的副作用。因此,使用微创外科手术技术可显著缩短标准外科手术的平均住院时间。而且,也可通过微创外科手术减少患者恢复时间、患者不适、外科手术副作用和误工的时间。
微创外科手术的常见形式为内窥镜检查,并且内窥镜检查的常见形式为腹腔镜检查,腹腔镜检查为腹腔内的微创检查和/或手术。可重新装配/可再加载(reloadable)的缝合装置/吻合装置(stapling devices)可与腹腔镜外科手术结合使用。远程手术控制的缝合装置可包括伺服控制的腕部关节,其以相对大的角度(例如,高达和超过90度)偏航和俯仰。此类腕部关节的铰接可在延伸通过腕部的致动部件上施加大量应变。
发明内容
本文公开的实施例涉及具有腕部的外科手术装置,该腕部可以相对大的角度偏航和俯仰。此类腕部可具有在空间上与俯仰轴线分离的偏航轴线,其中偏航轴线和俯仰轴线彼此垂直以及限定远程控制装置的臂或轴的延伸部的纵向轴线。在一些情况下,偏航和俯仰角可达到45度、60度或90度。
在许多实施例中,延伸穿过可以相对大的角度偏航和/或俯仰的腕部的柔性致动组件包括牵引组件(pulling assembly)和推动组件。柔性致动组件可用于打开和闭合外科手术装置的钳爪和/或致动其它器具,诸如切割和/或吻合装置。在许多实施例中,即使在经由腕部的高偏航角和/或俯仰角引起大量弯曲的情况下,推动元件也可传输压缩力。在许多实施例中,推动组件不传输大量的张力,以及牵引元件用于传输张力以用于近端运动和外科手术装置的致动。以类似的方式,牵引部件可不传输大量的压缩力。在许多实施例中,推动组件和牵引组件组合到柔性致动组件中使得能够使用柔性致动组件用于施加压缩力和张力(即,推动和牵引)两者以致动外科手术装置的末端执行器的部件。
推动组件和牵引部件可沿共用轴线集成,其中推动部件关于牵引部件同心地布置。在一些实施例中,推动部件包括盘绕弹簧,并且牵引部件包括编织线缆。另选地,牵引部件可围绕推动部件同心地布置。
为了实现高度的腕部柔韧性,腕部组件可由外连杆构成,该外连杆限定腕部组件的偏航和俯仰几何形状。外连杆可收容致动机构的柔性部分。然而,腕部内的致动机构的压缩会导致弯曲并且降低力传输的效率。为了帮助缓解此类问题,可提供将外连杆接彼此连接的内连杆。内连杆可限定通道,该通道约束和限制致动机构的横向运动,并且从而减轻屈曲。
因此,在一个方面,描述了一种设备,其包括末端执行器、梁构件、牵引组件和推动组件。末端执行器包括上钳爪和下钳爪。腕部将末端执行器连接到细长轴。梁构件被布置成在上钳爪和下钳爪内平移。梁构件具有用于可移动地耦接到上钳爪的第一部分和用于可移动地耦接到下钳爪的第二部分。牵引组件耦接到梁构件。牵引组件被柔性地收容在腕部内并且向梁构件施加张力。推动组件耦接到梁构件。推动组件被柔性地收容在腕部内并且向梁构件施加压缩力。在许多实施例中,腕部被配置成在牵引组件和推动组件收容在其中时俯仰和偏航。
该设备的牵引组件可具有任何合适的配置。例如,牵引组件可包括细长线缆。牵引组件可包括编织护套。牵引组件可包括多个金属板带。牵引组件的用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴俯仰和用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴偏航的弯曲刚度可为相同的。
设备的推动组件可具有任何合适的配置。例如,推动组件可包括围绕牵引组件的内腔。推动组件可包括紧密盘绕弹簧/密卷弹簧(close-coiled spring)。紧密盘绕弹簧可具有圆柱形外表面。紧密盘绕弹簧可具有相互连接/相互交界(interface)的凸面和凹面。紧密盘绕弹簧可包括螺旋切割管。推动组件可包括具有凹槽图案的管,该凹槽图案减小了管的弯曲刚度同时维持足够的轴向刚度以将压缩力传输到梁构件。推动组件可包括在张力下分离的多个推动元件。推动组件可包括多个球形构件。牵引组件可限定收容多个球形构件的内腔。球形构件可通过柔性杆链接。推动组件可包括多个分离的元件,这些分离的元件具有接口表面,该接口表面限制元件之间向一个方向的横向相对滑动。推动组件可包括多个分离的元件,这些多个分离的元件具有抑制元件之间相对扭转的接口表面。推动组件可包括平垫圈的堆叠。推动组件可包括圆环盘的堆叠。推动组件可包括矩形垫圈的堆叠,该矩形垫圈限定了内腔,其中多个金属板带延伸穿过该内腔。推动组件的用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴俯仰和用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴偏航的弯曲刚度可为相同的。
在另一方面,描述了一种外科手术工具,其包括末端执行器、梁构件和致动组件。末端执行器包括上钳爪和下钳爪。腕部将末端执行器连接到细长轴。梁构件被布置成在上钳爪和下钳爪内平移。梁构件具有用于可移动地耦接到上钳爪的第一部分和用于可移动地耦接到下钳爪的第二部分。致动组件包括将压缩力传递到梁构件的推动组件和将张力传递到梁构件的牵引组件。在许多实施例中,腕部被配置成在致动组件收容在其中时俯仰和偏航。
外科手术工具的致动组件可具有任何合适的配置。例如,牵引组件可包括细长线缆。牵引组件可包括编织护套。牵引组件可包括多个金属板带。牵引组件的用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴俯仰和用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴偏航的弯曲刚度可为相同的。推动组件可包括围绕牵引组件的内腔。推动组件可包括紧密盘绕弹簧。紧密盘绕弹簧可具有圆柱形外表面。紧密盘绕弹簧可具有相互连接的凸面和凹面。紧密盘绕弹簧可包括螺旋切割管。推动组件可包括具有凹槽图案的管,该凹槽图案减小了管的弯曲刚度,同时维持足够的轴向刚度以将压缩力传输到梁构件。推动组件可包括在张力下分离的多个推动元件。推动组件可包括多个球形构件。牵引组件可限定收容多个球形构件的内腔。球形构件可通过柔性杆链接。推动组件可包括多个分离的元件,这些分离的元件具有接口表面,该接口表面限制元件之间向一个方向的横向相对滑动。推动组件可包括多个分离的元件,这些多个分离元件具有抑制元件之间相对扭转的接口表面。推动组件可包括平垫圈的堆叠。推动组件可包括圆环盘的堆叠。推动组件可包括矩形垫圈的堆叠,该矩形垫圈限定了内腔,其中多个金属板带延伸穿过该内腔。推动组件的用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴俯仰和用于致动腕部使得末端执行器相对于细长轴偏航的弯曲刚度可为相同的。一维柔性杆阵列可用作牵引组件和推动组件两者。镍钛杆可用作牵引组件和推动组件两者。
附图说明
图1至图6示出了根据一些实施例的外科手术工具的视图。
图7和图8示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的剖视图。
图9示出了根据一些实施例的如图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的实施例。
图10示出了图9的致动组件的剖视图。
图11示出了图9的致动组件的远侧部分的剖视图。
图12示出了图9的致动组件的近侧部分的剖视图。
图13和图14示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的实施例。
图15和图16示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图17示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的实施例。
图18示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图19示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图20示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例的视图。
图21和图22示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图23示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图24示出了图23的推动组件的剖视图。
图25示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的推动组件的另一实施例。
图26示出了图25的推动组件的单个元件的视图。
图27示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例的剖视图。
图28和图29示出了位于外科手术工具的腕部处图27的致动组件的一部分的顶视图。
图30示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例。
图31和图32示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例的视图。
图33示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例。
图34示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件的另一实施例的剖视图。
图35示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的腕部组件的视图。
图36示出了图35的腕部组件的剖视图。
图37示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的外连杆组件的透视图。
图38至图40示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的组装腕部组件的方法。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,将描述各种实施例。出于解释的目的,阐述了具体配置和细节以便提供对实施例的透彻理解。然而,可在没有具体细节的情况下实践这些实施例对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。此外,可省略或简化公知的特征,以免模糊所描述的实施例。
图1至图3示出了外科手术工具10,其包括近侧底盘12、器械轴14和具有上钳爪18的远端执行器16,上钳爪18可被铰接以夹紧患者组织。近端底盘12包括输入耦合器22,其可与远程外科手术系统(诸如公开No.US 2014/0183244A1内中所公开的系统,其通过引用方式并入本文)的相应输出耦合器连接并且由其驱动。输入耦合器22与设置在器械轴14内的一个或更多个输入构件驱动耦合。输入构件与末端执行器16驱动耦合。如图2和图3所示,近侧底盘12的输入耦合器22可适于与各种类型的马达组13(诸如美国专利No.8,912,746中所公开的缝合器/吻合器(stapler)专用马达组,或美国专利No.8,529,582中所公开的通用马达组,其通过引用方式并入本文)配合。
图4至图6示出了包括末端执行器16的外科手术工具10的远端的透视图、侧视图和顶视图。末端执行器16通过腕部组件24可移动地连接到器械轴14。腕部组件24具有至少两个自由度并且提供末端执行器16与细长器械轴14的连接,用于使末端执行器16相对于器械轴14绕两个正交轴线铰接。腕部组件24被配置成使末端执行器16相对于器械轴14绕轴线2偏航,轴线2垂直于器械轴14沿其延伸的轴线1。腕部组件24也被配置成使末端执行器16相对于器械轴14绕轴线3俯仰,轴线3垂直于轴线1和轴线2。如图所示,偏航轴线2在俯仰轴线3的近侧(远离末端执行器16),然而这不是必需的,并且在一些实施例中,偏航轴线2在俯仰轴线3的远侧。
图7和图8为示出包括上钳爪18和下钳爪26的末端执行器16的细节的剖视图。下钳爪26可被配置成容纳和支撑可移除或不可移除的缝合器仓。上钳爪18与下钳爪26可枢转地耦接,以相对于下钳爪26铰接以夹紧组织。梁构件28从图7所示的近端状态被驱动到图8所示的远端状态以致动上钳爪18。梁构件28的运动可用于相对于下钳爪26强制地将上钳爪18固定在组织上。可选地,梁构件28也可允许切割组织并且将缝合器从缝合器仓部署到切割的组织中。
梁构件28包括上梁部分30,该上梁部分30被配置成在上钳爪18的轨道特征32内滑动。导轨特征32包括用于上梁部分30的斜坡34,以从最近侧停放区域36接合。图7所示的打开位置可由弹性装置(诸如弹簧)维持,或者通过辅助机构(未示出)打开和关闭。上钳爪18的部分闭合可受到上梁部分30向斜坡34的远侧运动的影响。当上梁部分30向远侧移动经过斜坡34并且到达轨道特征32上时,实现上钳爪18的完全闭合。上梁部分30离开斜坡34的近侧运动将梁构件28施加到上钳爪18的闭合力移除。然后弹性装置或辅助机构可使闭合或部分闭合的上钳爪18打开。因此,上梁部分30沿斜坡34的往复运动可使末端执行器16打开和关闭。
梁构件28也包括下梁部分38,该下梁部分38被配置成在下钳爪18的轨道特征内滑动。下梁部分38可致动滑板(诸如在公开No.US 2014/0183244A1中所公开的),该滑板被配置成在梁构件28的远侧运动期间将缝合器从下钳爪26中弹出。另选地,下梁部分38可与此类滑板集成。
图9示出了梁构件28的视图。这里,上梁部分30包括被配置成切割组织的集成切割构件40。然而,在其它实施例中,组织切割装置可与梁构件28分离或以不同的方式实施到梁构件28中。上梁部分30包括上凸缘42,该上凸缘42从集成切割构件40横向延伸。上凸缘42被配置成与轨道特征32和斜坡34直接集成。以类似的方式,下凸缘44设置成以下钳爪26的轨道特征滑动。细长致动组件46被附接到梁构件28,用于向梁构件28提供远侧和近侧运动。
图10至图12示出了梁构件28和致动组件46的剖视图。致动组件46包括推动组件48和牵引组件50。在所示的实施例中,推动组件48被配置为紧密盘绕弹簧并且适于将压缩力从驱动杆52传输到梁构件28。推动组件48可由护套54在外部约束,护套54可由任何合适的材料(诸如,例如,如PTFE的润滑聚合物材料)构成。推动组件48的盘绕设计允许压缩力有效地平移到梁构件28,以在远侧方向上推动梁构件28。推动组件48可以任何合适的方式构造。例如,在一些实施例中,推动组件48由盘绕线构成。在一些实施例中,推动构件48从管螺旋切割。在一些情况下,推动组件的压缩元件(例如,线圈)将在张力下分离,并且因此在此类情况下,推动组件可主要用于传递压缩力。
牵引组件50可由能够反作用拉伸载荷(例如,编织线缆或柔性杆)的任何合适的一个元件或更多个元件构成。在所示的实施例中,牵引组件50通过卷曲部分56被保持在梁构件28内。在一些情况下,牵引组件50可相对无效地将压缩力从驱动杆52传递到梁构件28,因为它自身可具有塌缩或弯曲的趋势,并且因此在此类情况下,牵引组件50可为主要用于传递张力。牵引组件50适于将由驱动杆52施加的张力传输到梁构件28。驱动杆52位于器械轴14内并且驱动地耦接到图1所示的输入耦合器22中的一个或更多个。牵引组件50允许张力有效地从驱动杆52传输到梁构件28,以子近端方向上牵引梁构件28。推动组件48和牵引组件50以互补的方式操作,以通过经由牵引组件50传输张力和经由推动组件48传输的压缩力来向梁构件28提供远侧和近侧运动。经由牵引组件50传输张力和经由推动组件48传输压缩力使得致动组件46具有非常灵活和紧凑的设计,其特征在于使得致动组件46能够在腕部24内平移,该腕部24可在操作期间以相对大的偏航角和俯仰角设置。
推动组件48可具有圆柱形外径,以针对给定的固定内径和外径提供基本上连续的外轮廓和更大/更硬的线区段,用于。例如,图13和图14示出了推动组件48a,其具有圆柱形外表面48aos。可使用任何合适的方法来制造推动组件48a,诸如研磨盘绕弹簧以形成圆柱形外表面48aos。
推动组件48可包括具有互相连接的凸/凹表面的紧密盘绕弹簧。例如,图15和图16示出了推动组件48b,其具有与线圈的相邻区段嵌套在一起的互相连接的凸/凹表面,以增加分布接触应力并且改善相对于圆线盘绕弹簧的柱稳定性。
推动组件48不限于图10至图16中所示的紧密盘绕弹簧设计。例如,图17至图19示出了柔性推动组件48c、柔性推动组件48d、柔性推动组件48e,其可通过将图案局部切割到腕部24附近的实体管中而由实体管形成,以增加推动组件在腕部24处的弯曲柔韧性,而不会实质上降低压缩刚度。推动组件48c、推动组件48d、推动组件48e可通过将图案激光切割到由任何合适的材料(例如,合适的金属、合适的聚合物基材料)制成的管形成。在图17中所示的推动组件48c中,图案增强了在管中形成间隙的柔性并且保持材料留在适当位置的轴向刚度。图18中所示的推动组件48d具有以螺旋形图案布置的多个周向狭缝。在图19所示的推动组件48e中,图案形成分离的互锁段,其在提供柔性的同时抑制互锁段的相对错位。
推动组件48可由分离的接口段的任何合适的配置形成。例如,图20示出了由平垫圈的堆叠制成的推动组件48f。图21和图22示出了由圆环盘的堆叠制成的推动组件48g。图23和图24示出了由锥形垫圈的堆叠制成的推动组件48h。锥形垫圈中的每个都具有非平面的接口表面(例如,球形接口表面),其相互作用以抑制锥形垫圈的相对横向运动,以增强锥形垫圈与牵引组件50的对齐,牵引组件50延伸穿过锥形垫圈的中心。由于锥形垫圈的形状,推动组件48h经由在相邻锥形垫圈之间的任何方向上的相对滑动,在横向于致动组件46的局部轴向的任何方向上容纳推动组件48h的弯曲。
推动组件48可由任何合适的非轴对称接口段的堆叠形成。例如,图25示出了由分离的非轴对称构件70的堆叠制成的推动组件48i。图26示出了构件70中的一个的不同视图。在所示的实施例中,构件70具有横向取向的突出区域72和横向取向的凹入区域74,凹入区域74成形为容纳相邻构件70的突出区域72并且与之相接。突出区域72和凹陷区域74成形为限制相对于区域72、区域74横向于推动组件48i的局部延伸方向延伸的方向的相邻构件70之间的相对滑动。接口区域72、接口区域74也用于抑制相邻构件70之间围绕推动组件48i的局部延伸方向的相对扭转,从而抑制推动组件48i在推动组件48i的近端与远端之间的扭转。
致动组件46可包括细长的金属板条的堆叠。例如,图27示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的致动组件46j的剖视图。致动组件46j包括细长的金属板条76,金属板条76被配置成对压缩和拉伸载荷两者作出反应,同时适应致动组件46j横向于金属板条76的平面以及致动组件46j沿致动组件46j的长度的扭转。致动组件46j包括具有矩形通道80的外护套78,金属板条76通过矩形通道80从致动组件46j的近端延伸到致动组件46j的远端。外护套78约束金属板条76的堆叠,以便在金属板条在梁构件28向远侧前进期间受压加载时防止金属板条76的横向屈曲。图28示出了响应于末端执行器16相对于器械轴14的旋转而引起的致动组件46j的扭转和金属板条76的相关联的扭转。图29示出了响应于末端执行器16相对于器械轴14的重新取向而可引起的腕部组件24附近的金属板条76的挠曲。
致动组件46可包括在驱动杆52与梁构件28之间传输拉伸载荷的细长金属板带的堆叠,以及在驱动杆52与梁构件28之间传输压缩载荷的矩形垫圈的堆叠。例如,图30示出了致动组件46k的等距视图,致动组件46k包括金属板条76的堆叠,金属板条76附接到驱动杆52与梁构件28之间并且在其之间延伸。在致动组件46k中,金属板条76在梁构件28的近侧缩回期间将拉伸载荷从驱动杆52传输到梁构件28。致动组件46k进一步包括矩形垫圈82的堆叠,其在梁构件28向远侧前进期间将压缩载荷从驱动杆52传输到梁构件28。致动组件46k进一步包括具有容纳矩形垫圈82的内腔的内护套84和具有容纳内护套84的内腔的外护套86。在所示的实施例中,外护套86在腕部组件24附近具有一系列凹槽88,以增加外护套86的柔性,以响应于末端执行器16经由腕部24相对于器械轴14的重新取向而横向于金属板条76的平面弯曲。
致动组件46可包括多个柔性致动杆。例如,图31示出了图1至图6的外科手术工具的外科手术工具的致动组件46m的远侧部分的侧视图。致动组件46m包括三个柔性致动杆90,该致动杆适于将来自驱动杆52的张力传递到梁构件28并且将来自驱动杆52的压缩力传递到梁构件28m。三个柔性致动杆90在共同的平面中对齐,从而适应横向于公共平面的致动杆90的弯曲。三个柔性致动杆90各自布置在驱动杆52与梁构件28m之间,从而适应响应于末端执行器16相对于器械轴14的旋转而引起的致动杆90的扭转。图32示出了致动组件46g的梁构件28m的端视图,其示出了梁构件28m中的孔92,致动杆90经由孔92耦接到梁构件28m。
致动组件46可采用将压缩和拉伸载荷从驱动杆52传递到梁构件28的元件来代替牵引组件50。例如,图33示出了致动组件46n,其包括镍钛线50a以代替牵引组件50。镍钛线50a将压缩和拉伸载荷从驱动杆52传输到梁构件28,以向远侧推进和向近侧缩回梁构件28。在所示的实施例中,致动组件46n包括弹簧48n,弹簧48n可为紧密盘绕弹簧,但不是必须的。弹簧48n可被配置成在梁构件28向远侧前进期间与镍钛线50a共享从驱动杆52到梁构件28的压缩载荷的传输。弹簧48n也可被配置成在梁构件28向远侧前进期间不与镍钛线50a共享从驱动杆52到梁构件28的压缩载荷的传输。在许多实施例中,弹簧48n的主要功能是为镍钛线50a提供径向支撑,使得镍钛线的直径与驱动杆52的直径一致。可使用任何合适的方法将镍钛线50a与梁构件28和驱动杆52中的每一个附接,诸如,例如模锻钎焊、焊接等。
在致动组件46的一些实施例中,推动构件48被设置在牵引构件50的内腔内。例如,图34示出了致动组件46o,其包括推动组件48o和具有内腔的牵引组件50o,其中推动组件48o被设置在该内腔中。致动组件46o的配置不同于本文所描述的其它实施例,其中推动组件48同心地围绕牵引组件50。在致动组件46o中,牵引组件50o包括封装推动组件48o的护套(例如,编织护套)。推动组件48o包括通过柔性杆66结合的多个球形构件(例如,球轴承)。推动组件48o和牵引组件50o两者都由驱动杆52致动,驱动杆52驱动地耦接到图1所示的输入耦合器22中的一个或更多个。
图35和图36示出了腕部组件24的透视图和剖视图。腕部组件24包括近侧外连杆100、中间外连杆102和远侧外连杆104。这三个连杆决定腕部组件24的运动性俯仰和偏航运动。如图所示,近侧外连杆100与中间外连杆102之间的接口决定了腕部组件24的偏航运动。并且远侧外连杆104与中间外连杆102之间的接口决定了腕部组件24的俯仰运动。然而,在另选地腕部配置中,这种关系可颠倒,使得腕部组件24在近侧外连杆100与中间外连杆102之间俯仰,并且在远侧外连杆100与中间外连杆102之间偏航(例如,通过将末端执行器16相对于腕部组件24旋转90度)。
线缆部分106张紧腕部组件24并且致动以向腕部组件施加运动。在一个实施例中,线缆部分106可各自地固定到远侧外连杆104的一部分。在功能上等同的另选实施例中,如图35所示,线缆部分106围绕远侧外连杆104的一部分成环。将线缆部分106环绕到远侧外连杆104使线缆部分106固定到远侧外连杆104并且防止线缆部分106滑动。在任一实施例中,张力被施加到单个线缆部分106以被拉动以铰接腕部。施加到线缆部分106的差动力可致动腕部组件以各种角度俯仰和偏航。线缆部分106可被驱动地耦合到图1中所示的一个或更多个输入耦合器22。腕部组件也包括近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110,这将在下面详细讨论。
注意图37,其示出了接头112的示例性实施例,其表示图53和图36所示的外连杆之间的接口。接头112包括第一连杆114和第二连杆116。第一连杆114可包括齿116、齿118和轴承突起122。盘720可包括销124、销126、销128和轴承突起130。根据示例性实施例,第一连杆114和第二连杆116的突起122、突起130可包括允许线缆部分106穿过的通道。由于轴承突起122、轴承突起130位于相对于中心孔134、中心孔136的外侧位置,延伸通过邻近轴承突起122、轴承突起130的通道的线缆部分106也位于外侧位置。这允许通过中心孔134、中心孔136的其他机构的传送。连杆之间的致动运动性由在运动期间接合和脱离的销和齿的形状决定。轴承突起122、轴承突起130包括在整个角运动的某个点处接合,以帮助减小销和齿的压缩应变的弯曲表面。
由于接头112提供的增强的运动范围,包括接头112的腕部可以以更有效的方式以更少的零件提供期望量的运动,诸如在俯仰或偏航方向上+/-90度。在其中每个接头被限制于约45度的最大翻滚角(roll angle)的先前腕部结构中,对于整个腕部机构,需要若干此类串联接头以获得相对大的翻滚角。如图所示,单个接头可提供高达90度的翻滚角限制。结果,可减少包括一个或更多个接头112的腕部的制造成本和复杂性,同时仍然实现对铰接的期望控制。另外,包括在接头112的连杆114、连杆116中的多个齿和相应的多个销可提供增强的正时以帮助精确定位连杆114、连杆116,包括例如将盘返回到中性位置(例如,零角度翻滚对准),并且增强连杆114、连杆116之间的运动的平滑性,诸如当连杆114、连杆116相对于彼此的方向旋转时。根据示例性实施例,腕部可包括多个接头112以实现更高的运动范围(达到翻滚限制角度),诸如例如,在俯仰或偏航方向上具有高达+/-180度的运动范围的腕部。在国际公开No.WO 2015/127250中公开了接头112以及可与本文公开的实施例一起使用其它接头的附加细节,该公开通过引用方式并入本文。
如图36所示,近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110沿轴线1在空间上分开并且彼此偏置90度。因此,仅部分地示出近侧内连杆108。近侧内连杆108和远侧内连杆110的径向表面包括突起(例如,被配置为U形夹销140)。U形夹销连接在外连杆的中间表面处的凹口(例如,配置为U形夹接头142)之间。U形夹销140和接头142设定外连杆的接头之间的距离,否则其为被动的并且不改变外连杆的接头运动性,该运动性由齿和销几何形状决定。近侧内连杆108和远侧外连杆110的每一侧都包括用于到每个内连杆108、110的总共四个U形夹销的外连杆的每个连接的共同对齐的U形夹销。每对U形夹销140被分离以提供用于致动组件46的内部通道144。
附加的内部护套146可用于进一步支撑致动组件46。致动组件46在内部护套146内轴向滑动。内部护套146固定到腕部组件24的远端部分,并且随腕部组件24的运动而灵活弯曲,但是不会轴向移动。由内连杆提供的内部护套146和内部通道144用于在轴向运动期间引导和约束致动组件46。内部护套146和内部通道144防止致动组件在压缩负载(即切割和吻合时的远侧运动)下屈曲。先前的腕部设计,诸如在前述的国际公开No.WO 2015/127250中所公开的,依靠张紧的线缆将外连杆维持在适当位置。在此,这将是不令人满意的,因为当致动组件46在远侧方向上移动时,所产生的压缩力可引起线缆松弛。然而,当致动组件46在远侧方向上移动时,内连杆108、内连杆110的U形夹销140有利地将外连杆维持在原位,因此维持腕部组件24的结构。
每个内连杆可具有如图38至图40所示的两件式结构,其也描绘了用于将内连杆组装到外连杆的技术。在图38中,近端内连杆108的第一连杆部分108a和第二连杆部分108b被定位成将U形夹销140置于中间外连杆102的U形夹接头142中。第一连杆部分108a和第二连杆部分108b以一定角度插入,使得每个部分的齿轮齿148相互啮合,以使这些部分对准到图39所示的构造中。齿轮齿148为组装辅助件,其不需要销或其它紧固件,并且不用于组装之外的运动。然而,在一些实施例中,可使用紧固件代替齿轮齿。在连杆部分108a、连杆部分108b被组装成完整的内近端连杆108之后,近侧外连杆100被组装到剩余的暴露的U形夹销140上,成为图40所示的构造。在一个实施例中,如图40所示,近侧外连杆100也是两件式构造。
其它变型在本发明的精神内。所描述的实施例的各个方面、实施例、实施方式或特征可单独使用或以任何组合使用。与外科手术工具的操作相关联的所描述的实施例的各个方面可通过软件、硬件或硬件和软件的组合来实施。因此,虽然本发明易于进行各种修改和另选结构,但是其某些说明性实施例已经在附图中示出并在以上进行了详细描述。然而,应当理解,无意将本发明限制于所公开的一种或多种特定形式,相反,本发明旨在覆盖落入所附权利要求中限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、另选结构和等同物。
除非本文另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾,否则在描述本发明的上下文中(特别是在随附权利要求的上下文中)术语“一(a)”和“一(an)”和“所述(the)”以及类似的指示物的使用应被解释为涵盖单数和复数两者。除非另有说明,否则术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”应被解释为开放式术语(即,意味着“包括但不限于”)。术语“连接”应被解释为部分或全部包含在内、附接或连接在一起,即使存在某些干预。除非本文另有说明,否则本文中对数值范围的描述仅旨在用作单独提及落入该范围内的每个单独值的简写方法,并且每个单独的值被并入本说明书中,如同其在本文中单独引用一样。除非本文另有说明或上下文明显矛盾,否则本文所述的所有方法均可以任何合适的顺序执行。除非另外声明,否则本文提供的任何和所有示例或示例性语言(例如,“诸如”)的使用仅旨在更好地说明本发明的实施例,并且不对本发明的范围构成限制。说明书中的任何语言都不应被解释为表明任何未要求保护的元件对于本发明的实践是必不可少的。
本文描述了本发明的优选实施方案,包括发明人已知的实施本发明的最佳方式。在阅读前面的描述后,那些优选实施例的变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说可变得显而易见。发明人期望熟练的技术人员适当地采用这些变化,并且发明人希望本发明以不同于本文具体描述的方式实施。因此,本发明包括适用法律所允许的所附权利要求中所述主题的所有修改和等同物。此外,除非上下文明显矛盾,否则本发明包括上述元件的所有可能变型的任何组合。
Claims (42)
1.一种设备,包括:
末端执行器,所述末端执行器包括上钳爪和下钳爪,其中腕部将所述末端执行器连接到细长轴;
梁构件,所述梁构件布置成在上钳爪和下钳爪内平移,所述梁构件具有用于可移动地耦接到所述上钳爪的第一部分和用于可移动地耦接到所述下钳爪的第二部分;
连接到所述梁构件的牵引组件,所述牵引组件被柔性地收容在所述腕部内并且向所述梁构件施加张力;以及
连接到所述梁构件的推动组件,所述推动组件被柔性地收容在所述腕部内并且向所述梁构件施加压缩力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中牵引组件包括细长线缆。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括围绕所述细长线缆的内腔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括紧密盘绕弹簧。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述紧密盘绕弹簧具有圆柱形外表面。
6.根据权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述紧密盘绕弹簧具有相互连接的凸面和凹面。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述紧密盘绕弹簧包括螺旋切割管。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括具有凹槽图案的管。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述牵引组件包括编织护套。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括在张力下分离的多个推动元件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括多个球形构件。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述牵引组件限定收容所述多个球形构件的内腔。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备,其中所述球形构件通过柔性杆链接。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括多个分离的元件,所述多个分离的元件具有接口表面,所述接口表面限制所述元件之间的向一个方向的横向相对滑动。
15.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括多个分离的元件,所述多个分离的元件具有接口表面,所述接口表面抑制所述元件之间的相对扭转。
16.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括平垫圈的堆叠。
17.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括圆环盘的堆叠。
18.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述牵引组件包括多个金属板带。
19.根据权利要求18所述的设备,其中所述推动组件包括矩形垫圈的堆叠,所述矩形垫圈限定内腔,所述多个金属板带延伸穿过所述内腔。
20.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述腕部被配置成在所述牵引组件和所述推动组件收容在其中时俯仰和偏航。
21.根据权利要求20所述的设备,其中所述牵引组件和所述推动组件的弯曲刚度在俯仰和偏航方面是相同的。
22.一种外科手术工具,包括:
末端执行器,所述末端执行器包括上钳爪和下钳爪,其中腕部将所述末端执行器连接到细长轴,以及
梁构件,所述梁构件被布置成在所述上钳爪和所述下钳爪内平移,所述梁构件具有用于可移动地耦接到所述上钳爪的第一部分和用于可移动地耦接到所述下钳爪的第二部分;以及
致动组件,所述致动组件包括将压缩力传递到所述梁构件的推动组件和将张力传递到所述梁构件的牵引组件。
23.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述牵引组件包括细长线缆。
24.根据权利要求23所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括围绕所述细长线缆的内腔。
25.根据权利要求23所述的外科手术工具,其中细长线缆包括编织的内腔。
26.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括紧密盘绕弹簧。
27.根据权利要求26所述的外科手术工具,其中所述紧密盘绕弹簧具有圆柱形外表面。
28.根据权利要求26所述的外科手术工具,其中所述紧密盘绕弹簧具有相互连接的凸面和凹面。
29.根据权利要求26所述的外科手术工具,其中紧密盘绕弹簧包括螺旋切割管。
30.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括具有凹槽图案的管。
31.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括在张力下分离的多个推动元件。
32.根据权利要求31所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括多个球形构件。
33.根据权利要求32所述的外科手术工具,其中所述牵引组件限定收容所述球形构件的内腔。
34.根据权利要求33所述的外科手术工具,其中所述球形构件通过柔性杆链接。
35.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括多个分离的元件,所述多个分离的元件具有接口表面,所述接口表面限制所述元件之间向一个方向的横向相对滑动。
36.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括多个分离的元件,所述多个分离的元件具有接口表面,所述接口表面抑制所述元件之间的相对扭转。
37.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括平垫圈的堆叠。
38.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括圆环盘的堆叠。
39.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中所述牵引组件包括多个金属板带。
40.根据权利要求39所述的外科手术工具,其中所述推动组件包括矩形垫圈的堆叠,所述矩形垫圈限定内腔,所述多个金属板带延伸穿过所述内腔。
41.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中:
所述推动组件包括一维柔性杆阵列;
所述牵引组件包括所述一维柔性杆阵列;
所述一维柔性杆阵列将所述张力传递到所述梁构件;并且
所述一维柔性杆阵列将所述压缩力传递到所述梁构件。
42.根据权利要求22所述的外科手术工具,其中:
所述推动组件包括镍钛杆;
所述牵引组件包括所述镍钛杆;
所述镍钛杆将所述张力传递到所述梁构件;并且
所述镍钛杆将所述压缩力传递到所述梁构件。
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EP3509505A4 (en) | 2020-08-26 |
JP2019526386A (ja) | 2019-09-19 |
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EP3509505A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 |
KR20240052889A (ko) | 2024-04-23 |
US11166773B2 (en) | 2021-11-09 |
WO2018049198A1 (en) | 2018-03-15 |
WO2018049198A9 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
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