CN109644627B - Direct seeding machine and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Direct seeding machine and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109644627B CN109644627B CN201910116838.XA CN201910116838A CN109644627B CN 109644627 B CN109644627 B CN 109644627B CN 201910116838 A CN201910116838 A CN 201910116838A CN 109644627 B CN109644627 B CN 109644627B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a direct seeding machine, wherein a seeding device of the direct seeding machine comprises at least two seeder units which are transversely arranged, each seeder unit comprises at least two seeders, wherein two adjacent seeders in each seeder unit form a first interval in the transverse direction, two adjacent seeders in two adjacent seeder units form a second interval in the transverse direction, and the second interval is larger than the first interval; at least one of the planter units is a non-equal plant spacing planter for distributing seeds to form two different plant spacing. The direct seeding machine can form the seedling bed structure with high ventilation, light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate at one time in the advancing process, and has higher operation efficiency, cost saving, labor saving and simple operation. The invention also relates to a planting method using the direct seeding machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a direct seeding machine and a planting method thereof.
Background
Rice is one of the main grain crops in China, and plays a role in grain production in China. Along with the reduction of the population and labor force of actual agriculture, the traditional rice planting mode is continuously changed from traditional manual transplanting to mechanical transplanting and to the current direct seeding machine for sowing, thereby effectively reducing the labor intensity. The rice is characterized in that the rice is favored to be ventilated and transparent, so that the rice is planted manually in grid lattice distribution in the past, the rice cultivation mode is changed in order to effectively improve the yield of the rice, the traditional cultivation mode is equal-row-spacing cultivation, namely, the distance between any two rows of rice is equal (generally about 30 cm), and the other cultivation mode, namely, wide-narrow row cultivation (namely, in cultivation, the row spacing of the rice is different, and one wide row is planted with one narrow row at intervals), is realized. At present, a planting mode of transplanting rice by using a transplanter and forming a seedling bed with a wide-narrow row arrangement has been widely used, for example, chinese patent application No. CN201010127011.8 (grant publication No. CN 101779540B) discloses a wide-narrow row rice transplanter.
In order to further improve the yield of crops, the prior study discovers that the seedling bed structure adopting the tetragonal distribution strengthening cultivation mode can better improve the ventilation light transmittance and photosynthesis rate of crops such as rice and further effectively improve the yield of crops, and referring to fig. 1, the seedling bed structure has the characteristics of spaced planting of one wide row and one narrow row on one hand, and two different plant distances are formed in one row of rice of the seedling bed structure at intervals in sequence on the other hand, due to the transmission structure characteristic of a transplanter, the seedling bed adopting the transplanting method of the tetragonal distribution strengthening cultivation mode is difficult to form by adopting the transplanter, and the rice planting method adopting the transplanter also needs to carry out processes of seedling cultivation, transportation, transplanting and the like, so that the labor intensity is high and the cost is high.
In addition, in recent years, the mechanical direct seeding technology of rice and a matched direct seeding machine are rapidly developed, and the direct seeding machine has the advantages of high operation efficiency, cost saving, labor saving, simplicity and convenience in operation and the like because a seedling raising and transplanting link is omitted, so that the direct seeding machine is increasingly popular with farmers. However, the existing direct seeding machine can only perform drill seeding or hill seeding with equal plant spacing, and how to form a seedling bed structure with high ventilation and light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate by a mechanized direct seeding technology so as to improve the yield of rice is a problem which needs to be solved by agricultural technicians at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a direct seeding machine which can be used for seeding and forming a seedling bed structure with high ventilation, light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate in the advancing process of the direct seeding machine aiming at the current state of the art.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a planting method for forming a seedling bed structure with high ventilation, light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate at one time in the advancing process by using a direct seeding machine aiming at the current state of the art.
The invention solves the first technical problem by adopting the technical scheme that: the direct seeding machine comprises a frame, a lifting suspension bracket, a power running gear, a transmission device and a seeding device, wherein the seeding device is connected to the frame through the suspension bracket, the transmission device is connected between the power running gear and the seeding device, the seeding device comprises at least two laterally arranged seeder units, each seeder unit comprises at least two seeders, wherein two adjacent seeders in each seeder unit form a first interval in the lateral direction, two adjacent seeders in the two adjacent seeder units form a second interval in the lateral direction, and the second interval is larger than the first interval; the seeder comprises a seed box, a seed discharging pipe and a seeding wheel assembly, wherein the seeding wheel assembly is arranged below the seed box and used for distributing seeds to form corresponding plant distances in the advancing process of the direct seeding machine, the seeding wheel assembly is in driving connection with the transmission device, the seed discharging pipe is connected below the seeding wheel assembly, and at least one seeder in each seeder unit is a non-equal plant distance seeder used for distributing seeds to form two different plant distances.
In order to make the direct seeding machine in the advancing process, the seeding machine can distribute seeds to form two unequal plant distances, and the seeding wheel assembly of the unequal plant distance seeding machine comprises: the shell is communicated with the bottom of the seed box; the sowing wheel is arranged in the shell and is connected with the transmission device through a linkage shaft; the sowing wheel of the unequal plant spacing sowing device is sequentially provided with at least two groove units in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel, each groove unit comprises at least two distribution grooves which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel, wherein two adjacent distribution grooves in each groove unit form a first central angle in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel, two distribution grooves which are close to each other in the two adjacent groove units form a second central angle in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel, and the second central angle is larger than the first central angle. In the advancing process of the direct seeding machine, the seeding wheel of the seeder is driven by the transmission device to rotate, seeds in the seed box are hidden in the distribution groove of the seeding wheel when the seeding wheel rotates, rotate to the lower side along with the seeding wheel, then fall into the field through the seed discharging pipe under the action of gravity to form an acupoint, in addition, the seeder distributes the seeds to form a first plant spacing corresponding to the first central angle and a second plant spacing corresponding to the second central angle in the advancing process of the direct seeding machine, and the second plant spacing is correspondingly larger than the first plant spacing because the second central angle is larger than the first central angle.
In order to avoid damage to the redundant seeds remained on the surface of the sowing wheel in the rotating process of the sowing wheel and ensure the amount of the sowed seeds, the sowing wheel assembly of the unequal plant spacing sowing device further comprises a hairbrush which is arranged in the shell and is in contact with the circumferential surface of the sowing wheel, so that the redundant seeds remained on the surface of the sowing wheel are blocked in the seed box.
In order to further improve the ventilation light transmittance and photosynthesis rate of the rice, the first interval is 15-25cm, and the second interval is 30-45cm; the seeding wheel is provided with a first circumference corresponding to the first central angle and a second circumference corresponding to the second central angle, wherein the first circumference is 10-16cm, and the second central angle is 1.5-2.0 times of the first central angle.
As an improvement, each of the seeder units is composed of two seeders, and the two seeders are the non-equal plant spacing seeders. Because two sowers in each sowing machine unit are non-equal plant spacing sowers, each sowing machine of each sowing machine unit is provided with a plurality of quadrilateral (square or diamond) cluster block areas which are arranged at intervals in a crop area formed after sowing, wherein each cluster block area contains four plants of crops, so that the purpose of strengthening cultivation of the rice in quadrilateral distribution is realized; or each seeder unit consists of two seeders, wherein one of the two seeders is the non-equal plant spacing seeder, and the other seeder is the equal plant spacing seeder for distributing seeds to form equal plant spacing. Because two of the two seeders in each seeder unit are non-equal-plant-spacing seeders and the other one is an equal-plant-spacing seeder, first-plant-spacing rows and a non-equal-plant-spacing row are correspondingly formed in a crop area formed after seeding, wherein a triangular cluster block area can be formed between any one plant of crops in the equal-plant-spacing rows and two adjacent plants corresponding to the non-equal-plant-spacing rows, and therefore the purpose of three-enclosure enhanced cultivation is achieved.
In order to avoid seed rot, bud rot and seedling death caused by flooding after sowing, and simultaneously to reduce the soil preparation difficulty and reduce the soil preparation cost, the suspension bracket is also provided with a plurality of ditching and pesticide applying devices for ditching and applying pesticides into the pesticide applying ditches and a plurality of earthing and ridging devices for earthing and forming ridges at the corresponding pesticide applying ditches, wherein one sowing device of the sowing device corresponds to one ditching and pesticide applying device and one earthing and ridging device, the earthing and ridging device is arranged at the rear of the ditching and pesticide applying device, and the seed discharging opening of the seed discharging pipe faces the ridges formed by the earthing and ridging device. At present, a laser soil preparation machine is needed to be used for leveling the field before sowing, so that the problems of rotting and seedling death caused by flooding of low-lying places due to uneven field arrangement are avoided, the direct sowing cost is greatly increased, on the other hand, the diseases and insect pests of the direct sowing rice are serious (banded sclerotial blight and rice planthoppers are serious in damage) to influence the yield of the direct sowing rice, in the advancing process of the direct sowing machine, a ditching and pesticide applying device can be used for forming a pesticide applying ditch in the field and placing a pesticide for killing insects or sterilizing in the pesticide applying ditch, the mode of sowing the pesticide and the bactericide under seeds (about 1 cm position) can effectively eliminate the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and the pesticide applying process can be completed once with the sowing process, so that the labor cost for re-applying pesticide is reduced; the soil covering and ridging device positioned at the rear of the ditching and pesticide applying device is used for covering soil on the pesticide at the corresponding pesticide applying ditch position and forming a ridge for sowing above the pesticide, and the corresponding seeder can be used for sowing seeds on the upper surface of the ridge through the seed sowing pipe, wherein the seeds are sowed on the upper surface of the ridge, the problems of rotting seeds, rotting buds and dead seedlings caused by flooding of the seeds after sowing can be effectively avoided, and the ditching and pesticide applying process and the soil covering and ridging process can be completed simultaneously by the direct seeding machine, so that the direct seeding cost of rice is very fast and convenient, and the direct seeding cost of rice is effectively reduced.
As an improvement, the suspension bracket is also provided with a drainage furrow opener, a water storage furrow opener and a furrowing and fertilizing device, wherein one water storage furrow opener is arranged between two adjacent sowers in each sowing device unit, one drainage furrow opener and two furrowing and fertilizing devices are arranged between two sowers which are mutually close to each other in two adjacent sowing device units, and the drainage furrow opener is positioned in the middle position of the two furrowing and fertilizing devices; the ditching and fertilizing device comprises a fertilizer storage tank, a fertilizing ditcher, a fertilizing and earthing plate and a fertilizer conveying pipe connected between the fertilizing ditcher and the fertilizer storage tank, wherein the fertilizing and earthing plate is positioned at the rear of the fertilizing ditcher. In the running process of the direct seeding machine, the water storage ditcher can be provided with a water storage ditch for water storage in a corresponding narrow row area, the water drainage ditcher and the ditching and fertilizing device can be provided with a water drainage ditch for water drainage and a fertilizing ditch for fertilizing in a corresponding wide row area, wherein the water drainage ditches are positioned between the two fertilizing ditches, the water drainage ditches are arranged in the corresponding wide row area and can rapidly discharge rainwater in rainy days, the problems of seed rot and seedling death of paddy rice due to flooding are avoided, and the water storage ditches arranged in the narrow row area can prevent water shortage in a high-lying field and influence the yield of paddy rice; on the other hand, because the direct seeding rice root system is pricked shallowly downwards, large-area lodging is often caused in the later stage, and the yield is greatly influenced, the direct seeding machine can carry out side deep fertilization at the wide row position during sowing, and the direct seeding machine guides the rice root system to be pricked downwards so as to develop towards the wide row position, so that the rice plant grows robustly and is not easy to lodge.
The invention solves the second technical problem by adopting the technical proposal that: in the moving process of the direct seeding machine, the power running device drives the seeding wheel assemblies of the seeders to move through the transmission device, seeds in the seed boxes are discharged and sowed into fields through the seed discharging pipes when the seeding wheel assemblies move, a plurality of narrow row areas corresponding to the first spacing and wide row areas corresponding to the second spacing are formed among the sowed rows of crops in the transverse direction, the width of the narrow row areas is 15-25cm, and the width of the wide row areas is 30-45cm; in the rotation process of the sowing wheel of the unequal plant spacing sowing device, each distribution groove on the circumference of the sowing wheel is used for sowing seeds in the seed box in sequence to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing, the row of crops are provided with first plant spacing and second plant spacing which are formed at intervals in sequence in the advancing direction of the direct sowing machine, the first plant spacing is 10-16cm, and the second plant spacing is 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing.
Further, when the seeder unit is composed of two non-equal plant spacing seeders, in the rotation process of the seeding wheels of the two non-equal plant spacing seeders, each distribution groove on the circumference of each seeding wheel sequentially sows seeds in the seed box to form two rows of crops with unequal plant spacing, and a plurality of quadrilateral cluster block areas which are arranged at intervals are formed in the longitudinal direction after adjacent four plants in the two rows of crops with unequal plant spacing are connected; or when the seeder unit consists of one non-equal plant spacing seeder and one equal plant spacing seeder, the seeding wheel of the non-equal plant spacing seeder sequentially sows the seeds in the seed box into a row of crops with unequal plant spacing in the rotation process, the plant spacing seeders sows the seeds in the seed box into a row of crops with equal third plant spacing, and a three-round cluster block area with isosceles triangle is formed between one plant in the plant spacing rows and two adjacent plants corresponding to the non-equal plant spacing rows, wherein the third plant spacing is 12-24cm.
As an improvement, in the running process of the direct seeding machine, the power travelling device drives the seeding wheel assemblies of the sowers to act through the transmission device, the ditching and pesticide applying device firstly opens facility pesticide ditches along the longitudinal direction at corresponding positions to be sowed, and meanwhile, pesticide for killing insects or sterilizing is placed in the pesticide applying ditches, wherein a soil covering and ridging device positioned at the rear of the ditching and pesticide applying device covers soil for burying the pesticide at the corresponding pesticide applying ditches and forms a ridge table for sowing above the pesticide, the cross section of the ridge table is in a trapezoid shape with the upper part being narrow and the lower part being wide, and the height of the ridge table is 0.2-1cm; when the sowing wheel assembly acts, seeds in the seed box are discharged and sowed on the upper surface of the ridge platform through the seed discharging pipe, a plurality of narrow row areas corresponding to the first space and wide row areas corresponding to the second space are formed among the sowed rows of crops in the transverse direction, the width of each narrow row area is 15-25cm, and the width of each wide row area is 30-45cm; in the rotation process of a sowing wheel of the unequal plant spacing sowing device, each distribution groove on the circumference of the sowing wheel is used for sowing seeds in a seed box in sequence to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing, wherein the row of crops are provided with first plant spacing and second plant spacing which are formed at intervals in sequence in the advancing direction of a direct sowing machine, the first plant spacing is 10-16cm, and the second plant spacing is 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing; meanwhile, a water storage ditch for water storage is formed in a corresponding narrow-row area of the water storage ditcher of the direct seeding machine, a fertilizer application ditch for fertilizer application is formed in a corresponding wide-row area of the ditching and fertilizer application device, and a drainage ditch for drainage is formed in the middle position of two fertilizer application ditches in the corresponding wide-row area of the drainage ditcher; the ditching and fertilizing device conveys fertilizer into a fertilizing ditch formed in the fertilizing ditcher through a fertilizer conveying pipe, and the fertilizing and earthing plate is used for earthing and burying at the position of the corresponding fertilizing ditch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the invention, a plurality of narrow-row areas and wide-row areas can be formed in a field in the running process of the direct seeding machine, and at least one of the seeder units of the direct seeding machine is a non-equal plant spacing seeder for distributing seeds to form two unequal plant spacing, so that each seeder of each seeder unit is provided with a plurality of quadrilateral cluster block areas or triangular three-dimensional cluster block areas or honeycomb cluster block areas which are arranged at intervals in a crop area formed after seeding; the direct seeding machine can form the seedling bed structure with high ventilation, light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate at one time in the advancing process, and has higher operation efficiency, cost saving, labor saving and simple operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seedling bed with quadrangular distribution formed after sowing by a direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seedling bed with triangular distribution formed after sowing by a direct sowing machine in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a seedling bed with honeycomb distribution formed after sowing by a direct sowing machine in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a left side view of a direct broadcast machine in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a direct seeding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a sowing wheel assembly of a planter of a direct seeding machine in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a paddy field structure after sowing by a direct seeding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a front view of a floating plate of a direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a floating plate of a direct seeding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of an application earthing plate of a direct seeding machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another angular configuration of an applicator cover plate of a direct seeding machine in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a fertilizing and earthing plate of a direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic view of another angle of the fertilizing and earthing plate of the direct seeding machine in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-15, a direct seeding machine comprises a frame 10, a liftable suspension bracket 20, a power running gear, a transmission device and a seeding device, wherein the seeding device is connected on the frame 10 through the suspension bracket 20, the transmission device is connected between the power running gear and the seeding device, wherein the rear end of the frame 10 is provided with a movable support 11, the suspension bracket 20 is hinged on the movable support 11 and is driven by an oil cylinder 12 arranged on the frame 10 to ascend or descend, the power running gear comprises a power source (not shown) and travelling wheels 91, the transmission device comprises a speed changing mechanism (not shown) and a transmission shaft 92, the seeding device comprises a plurality of seeders 300, the seeder 300 comprises a seed box 31, a seed discharging pipe 32 and a seeding wheel assembly 33 which is arranged below the seed box 31 and is used for distributing seeds to form corresponding plant distances in the running process of the direct seeding machine, the seeding wheel assembly 33 is connected below the seeding wheel assembly, specifically, the frame 10 is arranged on the travelling wheels 91, the power source and the travelling wheels are arranged on the frame 10, the travelling wheels 91 are provided with the travelling wheels 91, the power source and the travelling wheels are not shown, the seeding machine can be distributed to form the seed sowing wheel assembly 33 through the transmission device in the proper way, the transmission is not required to be distributed to the transmission to the whole plant distance, and the seeding assembly is in the field, and the transmission distance can be distributed by the transmission between the transmission and the transmission wheel assembly and the transmission device and the seeding assembly 33 is well known.
Referring to fig. 4, the sowing apparatus includes at least two sowing units 30 arranged laterally, each sowing unit 30 includes at least two sowing units 300, wherein two adjacent sowing units 300 in each sowing unit 30 form a first spacing a in a lateral direction, two sowing units 300 adjacent to each other in two sowing units 30 form a second spacing b in the lateral direction, and the second spacing b is larger than the first spacing a, so that the direct sowing machine can form a plurality of narrow row areas and wide row areas in a field during traveling, and specifically, in the present embodiment, the direct sowing machine includes four sowing units 30, each sowing unit 30 includes two sowing units 300, and the direct sowing machine forms one narrow row area and one wide row area which are sequentially arranged at intervals in the field during one traveling.
In this embodiment, at least one of the planter units 30 of the direct seeding machine is a non-equal plant spacing planter for distributing seeds to form two different plant spacing, when not all of the planter units 300 of each planter unit 30 are non-equal plant spacing planters, the rest of the planters 300 of each planter unit 30 are equal plant spacing planters for distributing seeds to form equal plant spacing, concretely, see fig. 8, the planter wheel assembly 33 of the non-equal plant spacing planter comprises a housing 331, and a planter wheel 332 and a brush 333 arranged in the housing 331, wherein the housing 331 is communicated with the bottom of the seed box 31, the planter wheel 332 is arranged in the housing 331 and is connected with a transmission device through a linkage shaft 335, a plurality of distribution grooves 334 are arranged on the circumference of the planter wheel 332 at intervals along the circumferential direction, the brush 333 is used for blocking excessive seeds remained on the surface of the planter wheel 332 in the seed box 31, concretely, the linkage shaft 332 is rotatably connected on the housing 331, the planter wheel 332 in the housing 331 is sleeved at the inner end of the linkage shaft and can rotate along with the linkage shaft, the inner end of the linkage shaft 335 is also in a movable contact with the transmission shaft 332, or the inner wall of the transmission shaft 335 is also in a movable structure of a gap 333 is arranged between the two movable transmission shafts, or the two movable transmission shafts are in a movable structure, and the gap 333 is also arranged between the two movable transmission shafts are in a movable structure, and a gap is capable of being kept between the movable structure. In the traveling process of the direct seeding machine, the seeding wheel 332 of the seeder 300 is driven to rotate through the transmission device, seeds in the seed box 31 can be hidden in the distribution groove 334 of the seeding wheel 332 in the rotating process of the seeding wheel 332, rotate to the lower side along with the seeding wheel 332, then fall into the field through the seed discharging pipe 32 under the action of gravity to form an acupoint, and the brush 333 can block the redundant seeds in the seed box 31. The equal plant spacing seeder can be a conventional seeder for direct seeding (hole seeding) in the prior art, in this implementation, for convenience in manufacturing and cost reduction, the equal plant spacing seeder can adopt a structure similar to that of a non-equal plant spacing seeder, for example, a seeding wheel with non-equal spacing distribution grooves 334 in the non-equal plant spacing seeder can be replaced by a seeding wheel with a plurality of equal spacing distribution grooves 334, so that seeds in the seed box 31 can be correspondingly sowed in a field to form equal plant spacing rows with equal plant spacing when rotating along with the seeding wheel.
With continued reference to fig. 8, the sowing wheel 332 of the unequal plant spacing sowing device is provided with at least two groove units 330 in sequence in the circumferential direction thereof, each groove unit 330 comprises at least two distribution grooves 334 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel 332, wherein two adjacent distribution grooves 334 in each groove unit 330 form a first central angle α in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel 332, two distribution grooves 334 in two adjacent groove units 330 close to each other form a second central angle β in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel 332, wherein the second central angle β is larger than the first central angle α, specifically, the sowing wheel 332 has a first circumference corresponding to the first central angle α and a second circumference corresponding to the second central angle β, wherein the second central angle β is 1.5-2.0 times the first central angle α, and correspondingly, the sowing device 300 distributes seeds to form a first plant spacing m corresponding to the first circumference and a second plant spacing n corresponding to the second circumference, wherein the first plant spacing m is approximately equal to the second plant spacing n.1-2 times the second plant spacing, and the first plant spacing n is approximately equal to the second plant spacing n.1. In this embodiment, the sowing wheel 332 has two groove units 330, each groove unit 330 has two distribution grooves 334, such that a first central angle α is formed between two distribution grooves 334 in one groove unit 330, and a second central angle β is formed between one distribution groove 334 in one groove unit 330 and an adjacent distribution groove 334 in another groove unit 330, so that the unequal plant spacing sowing machine can sequentially distribute seeds to form two unequal plant spacing in the advancing process, that is, in a row of crops formed after sowing by the unequal plant spacing sowing machine, a first plant spacing m and a second plant spacing n are sequentially arranged at intervals, as shown in fig. 1 in detail. In addition, in the present embodiment, the sowing wheel 332 of the sowing wheel assembly 33 adopts a vertically placed vertical sheave structure, and of course, the arrangement and structure of the sowing wheel 332 of the sowing wheel assembly 33 are not limited thereto, and it is easily conceivable that the sowing wheel 332 of the sowing wheel assembly 33 in the present embodiment may adopt a horizontally placed sheave structure.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in order to further improve the ventilation light transmittance and photosynthesis rate of rice, the first spacing a formed between the sower 300 is 15-25cm, preferably 16-22cm, more preferably 18cm, the second spacing b is 30-45cm, preferably 30cm, the first plant spacing m formed by the unequal plant spacing sower in the process of moving the direct sowing machine by distributing seeds is 10-16cm, the second plant spacing n is also 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing m, specifically, the second plant spacing n is preferably 20-32cm, wherein the third plant spacing c formed by the equal plant spacing sower in the process of moving the direct sowing machine is 12-24cm.
In this embodiment, each of the planter units 30 is composed of two planters 300, wherein the two planters 300 are non-equal plant spacing planters, and since the two planters 300 in each of the planter units 30 are non-equal plant spacing planters, each of the planters 300 in each of the planter units 30 has a plurality of square (square or diamond) clump areas arranged at intervals in a crop area formed after sowing, wherein each clump area contains four plants of crops, so as to achieve the purposes of strengthening cultivation and high ventilation and high light transmission in a quadrilateral distribution of the rice, as shown in fig. 1, which is a seedling field structure schematic diagram of the square clump area distribution formed after sowing, it is conceivable that an initial angle is missed between the distribution grooves 334 of the two non-equal plant spacing planters in one planter unit 30, so that seeds in the distribution grooves 334 of the two non-equal plant spacing planters fall off asynchronously to form corresponding diamond clump areas. Of course, as another embodiment, in order to improve the corresponding space utilization, two sowers 300 in each sower unit 30 are non-equal plant spacing sowers, one of the two sowers 300 in each sower unit 30 is an equal plant spacing sower, and one of the two sowers 300 in each sower unit 30 is a non-equal plant spacing sower, so that an equal plant spacing row and an unequal plant spacing row are correspondingly formed in a crop area formed after sowing, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the two sowers 300 in each sower unit 30 of the direct seeding machine respectively sow to form one non-equal plant spacing row with an unequal plant spacing and one equal plant spacing row with an equal plant spacing, wherein a three-round cluster area which is isosceles triangle is formed between two adjacent plants corresponding to one plant in the equal plant spacing row, specifically, any one plant in the equal plant spacing row corresponds to the adjacent crop in the middle position of the adjacent non-equal plant spacing row, namely, any one plant in the isosceles triangle is formed between the adjacent crop rows corresponding to the two adjacent plant rows with an equal plant spacing in the transverse direction; specifically, as shown in fig. 2, one of the two rows of crops corresponding to the wide row area is a non-equal row spacing row, and the other row is an equal row spacing row, so that a plurality of corresponding triangular cluster block areas can be sequentially formed after sowing, and the purpose of three-periphery reinforced cultivation is realized; as shown in fig. 3, two rows of crops for forming the wide row area are non-equal plant spacing rows or equal plant spacing rows, and a plurality of corresponding honeycomb cluster block areas can be formed after sowing; the rice field structure with the triangular cluster block area, the quadrangular cluster block area or the honeycomb cluster block area can enable plant groups to be distributed more reasonably, ventilation and illumination between rice rows and plants are increased, and rice plants are strong in growth and are not prone to lodging.
At present, when the existing direct seeding machine is used for seeding, the laser soil preparation machine is required to be used for leveling the field before seeding, so that the problems of rotting seeds and dead seedlings caused by uneven field arrangement and flooding at low-lying positions are avoided, the direct seeding cost is greatly increased, on the other hand, the diseases and insect pests of the paddy field planted in a direct seeding mode are serious (the sheath blight and the rice planthoppers are serious in damage), the yield of the direct seeding rice is affected, in order to avoid seed rotting, rotting buds and dead seedlings caused by flooding after seeding, and simultaneously, in order to reduce the difficulty of soil preparation and the cost of soil preparation, a plurality of ditching and applying devices 40 for opening facility chemical furrows and applying chemical to the chemical applying furrows and a plurality of earthing and ridging devices for earthing and forming a soil covering and ridging device 500 are further arranged on a suspension frame 20 of the direct seeding machine in the direct seeding machine, one seeder 300 corresponds to one ditching and chemical applying device 40 and one earthing and ridging device, the earthing and ridging device is arranged behind the ditching and applying device 40, and the seed pipe 32 is arranged behind the ditching and ridging device 32. In order to enable the chemical to be rapidly conveyed into the opened chemical application ditch, so that the soil covering and ridging device can conveniently cover soil at the position to form the ridge 500, the ditching and chemical application device 40 comprises a chemical application ditcher 41, a chemical storage tank 42 and a chemical conveying pipe 43 connected between the chemical application ditcher 41 and the chemical storage tank 42, the chemical storage tank 42 is arranged on the hanging frame 20, the upper end of the chemical conveying pipe 43 is connected to the bottom end of the chemical storage tank 42, and the lower end of the chemical conveying pipe 43 is connected to the rear end of the chemical application ditcher 41. In order to cover the soil of the chemical at the corresponding chemical application trench and form a ridge 500 for sowing above the chemical, the soil-covering and ridging device is an application soil-covering plate 50 with a trapezoid opening 501 with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, wherein a guiding inclined plane 51 guiding to the trapezoid opening 501 from the front wall surface backwards is also arranged on the application soil-covering plate 50, as shown in detail in fig. 12 and 13; specifically, the application earthing plate 50 with such a structure can be arranged at the rear of the ditching and application device 40, when the medicament is conveyed into the application ditch through the medicament conveying pipe 43, the application earthing plate 50 can automatically carry out earthing and burying at the position of the application ditch to form a sowing ridge 500, the cross section of the ridge 500 is in a trapezoid shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, wherein the depth of a trapezoid opening 501 of the application earthing plate 50 is 0.2-1cm, and correspondingly, the height of the ridge 500 is 0.2-1cm, as shown in fig. 9.
Referring to fig. 9, in the travelling process of the direct seeding machine in this embodiment, the ditching and applying device 40 can form an applying ditch in the field and put a pesticide for killing insects or bacteria in the applying ditch (see the position A2 in fig. 9), so that the mode of sowing the pesticide and the bactericide under the seeds (about 1 cm position) can effectively eliminate the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and the applying process can be completed once with the sowing process, thereby reducing the labor cost of re-applying the pesticide again; the soil covering and ridging device positioned at the rear of the ditching and pesticide applying device 40 covers the pesticide at the corresponding pesticide applying ditch position and forms a ridge 500 for sowing above the pesticide, the corresponding seeder 300 can sow seeds on the upper surface of the ridge 500 through the seed discharging pipe 32 (see the position A1 in fig. 9), wherein the seeds are sowed on the upper surface of the ridge 500, the problems of rotting seeds, rotting buds and seedling death caused by flooding of the seeds after sowing can be effectively avoided, the ditching and pesticide applying process and the soil covering and ridging process can be simultaneously completed by the direct seeding machine, and the direct seeding cost of rice is very fast and convenient.
In addition, the suspension bracket 20 is further provided with a drainage furrow opener 60, a water storage furrow opener 61 and a furrow opening and fertilizing device 70, wherein one water storage furrow opener 61 is arranged between two adjacent sowers 300 in each sowing machine unit 30, one drainage furrow opener 60 and two furrow opening and fertilizing devices 70 are arranged between two sowers 300 which are adjacent to each other in two sowing machine units 30, the drainage furrow opener 60 is positioned at the middle position of the two furrow opening and fertilizing devices 70, the furrow opening and fertilizing device 70 comprises a fertilizer storage tank 71, a fertilizer furrow opener 72, a fertilizer covering plate 73 and a fertilizer conveying pipe 74 connected between the fertilizer furrow opener 72 and the fertilizer storage tank 71, the fertilizer storage tank 71 is arranged on the frame 10, the upper end of the fertilizer conveying pipe 74 is connected at the bottom end of the fertilizer storage tank 71, the lower end of the fertilizer conveying pipe 74 is connected at the rear end of the fertilizer furrow opener 72, the fertilizer covering plate 73 is positioned behind the fertilizer furrow opener 72, in the embodiment, the fertilizer conveying pipe 74 is a deformable PVC transparent hose, and the lateral width of a fertilizing furrow opened by the fertilizer furrow opener 72 relative to a corresponding sowing row is preferably 5cm, and the depth of the fertilizing furrow opened by 5 cm. In the travelling process of the direct seeding machine, the water storage ditcher 61 can be provided with a water storage ditch 610 for water storage in a corresponding narrow row area, the water drainage ditcher 60 and the ditching and fertilizing device 70 can be provided with a water drainage ditch 600 for water drainage and a fertilizing ditch (see the position A3 in fig. 9) for fertilizing in a corresponding wide row area, wherein the water drainage ditch 600 is positioned in the middle of the two fertilizing ditches, and the detailed view of fig. 9 is shown; the drainage ditch 600 is arranged in the corresponding wide-row area, so that rainwater can be quickly drained in rainy days, the problem that the rice is flooded with water to cause rotten seeds and dead seedlings is avoided, and the water storage ditch 610 formed in the narrow-row area can prevent the water from lacking in the land surface at high positions and influence the yield of the rice; on the other hand, because the direct seeding rice root system is pricked shallowly downwards, the later stage can often cause large tracts of land lodging to the output influence big, and the direct seeding machine in this embodiment can carry out the side and deeply fertilize in wide line region department when sowing, guides the rice root system to prick downwards to develop to wide line department, make the rice plant grow healthy and strong be difficult for taking place lodging. In addition, referring to fig. 10 and 11, in order to enable the direct seeding machine to rapidly complete the process of applying and seeding, fertilizing and opening the drain 600 during the traveling process, the pesticide applying furrow opener 41, the drain furrow opener 60, the fertilizing furrow opener 72, and the pesticide applying and soil covering plate 50 and the fertilizing and soil covering plate 73 are integrated on a floating plate 80, the floating plate 80 is connected to the bottom of the hanging frame 20 and can be lifted along with the hanging frame 20, wherein the floating plate 80 is further provided with a first joint 431 for connecting the pesticide conveying pipe 43 and a second joint 741 for connecting the fertilizer conveying pipe 74, wherein the fertilizing and soil covering plate 73 is a bent flat plate fixed on the floating plate 80, the bent flat plate comprises a fixing plate 731 and a side wing plate 732 extending to one side along the fixing plate 731, wherein the fixing plate 731 is used for fixing with the floating plate 80, and the side wing plate 732 is used for covering soil in the fertilizing furrow opener 72 located at one side during the traveling process of the direct seeding machine, as shown in detail in fig. 14 and 15.
A planting method using a direct seeding machine comprises the following steps: in the travelling process of the direct seeding machine, the power travelling device drives the sowing wheel assemblies 33 of the sowers 300 to act through the transmission device, the ditching and pesticide applying device 40 firstly opens facility pesticide ditches along the longitudinal direction at corresponding positions to be sowed, and meanwhile, pesticide for killing insects or sterilizing is arranged in the pesticide applying ditches, wherein a soil covering and ridging device positioned behind the ditching and pesticide applying device 40 is used for covering soil and burying the pesticide at the corresponding pesticide applying ditches and forming a ridge 500 for sowing above the pesticide, wherein the cross section of the ridge 500 is in a trapezoid shape with narrow top and wide bottom, and the height of the ridge 500 is 0.2-1cm; when the sowing wheel assembly 33 acts, seeds in the seed box 31 are discharged and sowed on the upper surface of the ridge 500 through the seed discharging pipe 32, a plurality of narrow row areas corresponding to the first spacing a and wide row areas corresponding to the second spacing b are formed among the sowed rows of crops in the transverse direction, the width of the narrow row areas is 15-25cm, and the width of the wide row areas is 30-45cm; in the rotation process of the sowing wheel 332 of the non-equal plant spacing sowing device, each distribution groove 334 on the circumference of the sowing wheel 332 is used for sowing seeds in the seed box 31 in sequence to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing, and the row of crops are provided with a first plant spacing m and a second plant spacing n which are formed at intervals in sequence along the advancing direction of the direct sowing machine, wherein the first plant spacing m is 10-16cm, and the second plant spacing n is 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing m; the equal plant spacing seeder sows the seeds in the seed box 31 to form a row of crops with equal third plant spacing c, and the third plant spacing c is 12-24cm.
When the planter unit 30 is composed of two non-equal plant spacing planters, the sowing wheels 332 of the two non-equal plant spacing planters sequentially sow the seeds in the seed boxes 31 to form two rows of crops with unequal plant spacing in the circumference of each sowing wheel 332 in the rotation process, and a plurality of quadrilateral cluster block areas which are arranged at intervals are formed in the longitudinal direction after adjacent four plants in the two rows of crops with unequal plant spacing are connected, as shown in fig. 1; or when the planter unit 30 is composed of a non-equal plant spacing planter and an equal plant spacing planter, the planting wheel 332 of the non-equal plant spacing planter sequentially plants the seeds in the seed box 31 to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing in the rotation process, the plant spacing planter plants the seeds in the seed box 31 to form a row of crops with equal plant spacing, and a three-round cluster block area with isosceles triangle is formed between one plant in the plant spacing rows and two adjacent plants corresponding to the non-equal plant spacing rows, see fig. 2 and 3.
Meanwhile, the water storage ditcher 61 of the direct seeding machine is provided with a water storage ditch 610 for water storage in a corresponding narrow row area, the ditching and fertilizing device 70 is provided with a fertilizing ditch for fertilizing in a corresponding wide row area, and the water draining ditcher 60 is provided with a water draining ditch 600 for draining water in the middle position of the two fertilizing ditches in the corresponding wide row area; the ditching and fertilizing device 70 conveys fertilizer into the fertilizing ditches opened by the fertilizing ditchers 72 through the fertilizer conveying pipes 74, and the fertilizing and earthing plates 73 are then buried in the earth at the corresponding fertilizing ditches.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of narrow-row areas and wide-row areas can be formed in a field during the running process of the direct seeding machine, and at least one of the planter units 30 of the direct seeding machine is a non-equal plant spacing planter for distributing seeds to form two unequal plant distances, so that each planter 300 of each planter unit 30 has a plurality of quadrilateral clump areas or triangular three-dimensional clump areas or cellular clump areas which are arranged at intervals in a crop area formed after sowing, and the seedling bed structure not only can make the plant group distribution of rice more reasonable, but also can increase ventilation and illumination between rice rows and plants, so that the humidity between rice plants is reduced, and the incidence rate of the plants is effectively reduced; the direct seeding machine can form the seedling bed structure with high ventilation, light transmittance and high photosynthesis rate at one time in the advancing process, and has higher operation efficiency, cost saving, labor saving and simple operation.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a direct seeding machine, includes frame (10), liftable mounted frame (20), power running gear, transmission and seeder, seeder passes through mounted frame (20) are connected on frame (10), transmission connects power running gear with between the seeder, its characterized in that: the seeding device comprises at least two laterally arranged seeder units (30), each seeder unit (30) comprises at least two seeders (300), wherein two adjacent seeders (300) in each seeder unit (30) form a first spacing (a) in the lateral direction, and two adjacent seeders (300) in two adjacent seeder units (30) form a second spacing (b) in the lateral direction, and the second spacing (b) is larger than the first spacing (a);
The seeder (300) comprises a seed box (31), a seed discharging pipe (32) and a seeding wheel assembly (33) which is arranged below the seed box (31) and used for distributing seeds to form corresponding plant distances in the travelling process of the direct seeding machine, the seeding wheel assembly (33) is in driving connection with the transmission device, the seed discharging pipe (32) is connected below the seeding wheel assembly (33), wherein at least one seeder (300) in each seeder unit (30) is a non-equal plant distance seeder used for distributing seeds to form two different plant distances;
the sowing wheel assembly (33) of the unequal plant spacing sowing machine comprises:
a housing (331) communicating with the bottom of the seed box (31);
a sowing wheel (332) arranged in the shell (331) and connected with the transmission device through a linkage shaft (335);
wherein the sowing wheel (332) is sequentially provided with at least two groove units (330) in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel, each groove unit (330) comprises at least two distribution grooves (334) uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel (332), wherein two adjacent distribution grooves (334) in each groove unit (330) form a first central angle (alpha) in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel (332), two distribution grooves (334) which are close to each other in the two adjacent groove units (330) form a second central angle (beta) in the circumferential direction of the sowing wheel (332), and the second central angle (beta) is larger than the first central angle (alpha);
The sowing wheel assembly (33) of the unequal plant spacing sowing device further comprises a hairbrush (333) which is arranged in the shell (331) and is contacted with the circumferential surface of the sowing wheel (332) for blocking the superfluous seeds remained on the surface of the sowing wheel (332) in the seed box (31);
the first spacing (a) is 15-25cm, and the second spacing (b) is 30-45cm.
2. The direct broadcast machine of claim 1, wherein:
the seeding wheel (332) is provided with a first circumference corresponding to the first central angle (alpha) and a second circumference corresponding to the second central angle (beta), wherein the first circumference is 10-16cm, and the second central angle (beta) is 1.5-2.0 times of the first central angle (alpha).
3. The direct broadcast machine of claim 2, wherein: each seeder unit (30) consists of two seeders (300), and the two seeders (300) are the non-equal plant spacing seeders; or alternatively
Each seeder unit (30) is composed of two seeders (300), wherein one of the two seeders (300) is the non-equal plant spacing seeder, and the other is the equal plant spacing seeder for distributing seeds to form equal plant spacing.
4. The direct broadcast machine of claim 2, wherein: the seeding device is characterized in that a plurality of ditching and pesticide applying devices (40) for ditching and pesticide applying to the pesticide applying ditches and a plurality of earthing and ridging devices for earthing and forming ridges (500) at the positions of the corresponding pesticide applying ditches are further arranged on the hanging frame (20), one seeder (300) of the seeding device corresponds to one ditching and pesticide applying device (40) and one earthing and ridging device, the earthing and ridging device is arranged at the rear of the ditching and pesticide applying device (40), and a seed discharging opening of the seed discharging tube (32) faces to the ridges (500) formed by the earthing and ridging devices.
5. The direct broadcast machine of claim 4, wherein: the water storage furrow opener (61) is arranged between two adjacent sowers (300) in each sowing machine unit (30), the water drainage furrow opener (60) and two furrowing and fertilizing devices (70) are arranged between two sowers (300) which are close to each other in the two adjacent sowing machine units (30), and the water drainage furrow opener (60) is positioned in the middle of the two furrowing and fertilizing devices (70);
the ditching and fertilizing device (70) comprises a fertilizer storage tank (71), a fertilizing ditcher (72), a fertilizing and earthing plate (73) and a fertilizer conveying pipe (74) connected between the fertilizing ditcher (72) and the fertilizer storage tank (71), wherein the fertilizing and earthing plate (73) is located behind the fertilizing ditcher (72).
6. A planting method using the direct seeding machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the running process of the direct seeding machine, the power running gear drives the sowing wheel assemblies (33) of the sowers (300) to act through the transmission device, seeds in the seed boxes (31) are discharged and sowed into fields through the seed discharging pipes (32) when the sowing wheel assemblies (33) act, a plurality of narrow row areas corresponding to the first spacing (a) and wide row areas corresponding to the second spacing (b) are formed in the transverse direction of the sowed multi-row crops, the width of the narrow row areas is 15-25cm, and the width of the wide row areas is 30-45cm;
In the rotation process of a sowing wheel (332) of the unequal plant spacing sowing device, seeds in a seed box (31) are sowed by each distribution groove (334) on the circumference of the sowing wheel (332) in sequence to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing, the row of crops are provided with a first plant spacing (m) and a second plant spacing (n) which are formed at intervals in sequence along the advancing direction of a direct sowing machine, the first plant spacing (m) is 10-16cm, and the second plant spacing (n) is 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing (m).
7. The planting method according to claim 6, wherein: when the seeder unit (30) consists of two non-equal plant spacing seeders, in the rotation process of the seeding wheels (332) of the two non-equal plant spacing seeders, each distribution groove (334) on the circumference of each seeding wheel (332) sequentially seed the seeds in the seed box (31) to form two rows of crops with non-equal plant spacing, and a plurality of quadrilateral cluster block areas which are arranged at intervals are formed in the longitudinal direction after adjacent four plants in the two rows of crops with non-equal plant spacing are connected; or alternatively
When the seeder unit (30) is composed of one non-equal plant spacing seeder and one equal plant spacing seeder, in the rotation process of a seeding wheel (332) of the non-equal plant spacing seeder, each distribution groove (334) on the circumference of the seeding wheel (332) is used for seeding seeds in the seed box (31) sequentially to form a row of crops with different plant spacing, the plant spacing seeders are used for seeding seeds in the seed box (31) to form a row of crops with equal third plant spacing (c), a three-surrounding cluster block area with isosceles triangle is formed between one plant in the plant spacing rows and two adjacent plants corresponding to the non-equal plant spacing rows, and the third plant spacing (c) is 12-24 cm.
8. A planting method using the direct seeding machine according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the steps of: in the travelling process of the direct seeding machine, the power travelling device drives the seeding wheel assemblies (33) of each seeder (300) to act through the transmission device, the ditching and pesticide applying device (40) firstly ditches facility pesticide grooves at corresponding positions to be sowed along the longitudinal direction, meanwhile pesticide for killing insects or sterilizing is arranged in the pesticide applying grooves, then the soil covering and ridging device is used for covering soil at the corresponding pesticide applying groove positions to bury the pesticide and form ridge platforms (500) for sowing above the pesticide, the cross section of each ridge platform (500) is in a trapezoid shape with the upper part being narrow and the lower part being wide, and the height of each ridge platform (500) is 0.2-1 cm; when the sowing wheel assembly (33) acts, seeds in the seed box (31) are discharged and sowed on the upper surface of the ridge (500) through the seed discharging pipe (32), a plurality of narrow row areas corresponding to the first interval (a) and wide row areas corresponding to the second interval (b) are formed among the sowed rows of crops in the transverse direction, the width of the narrow row areas is 15-25cm, and the width of the wide row areas is 30-45cm;
in the rotation process of a sowing wheel (332) of the unequal plant spacing sowing device, seeds in a seed box (31) are sowed sequentially by each distribution groove (334) on the circumference of the sowing wheel (332) to form a row of crops with unequal plant spacing, and the row of crops are provided with a first plant spacing (m) and a second plant spacing (n) which are formed at intervals sequentially along the advancing direction of a direct sowing machine, wherein the first plant spacing (m) is 10-16cm, and the second plant spacing (n) is 1.5-2.0 times of the first plant spacing (m);
Meanwhile, a water storage ditcher (61) of the direct seeding machine is provided with a water storage ditch (610) for water storage in a corresponding narrow row area, a ditching and fertilizing device (70) is provided with a fertilizing ditch for fertilizing in a corresponding wide row area, and a drainage ditcher (60) is provided with a drainage ditch (600) for drainage in the middle position of two fertilizing ditches in the corresponding wide row area;
the ditching and fertilizing device (70) conveys fertilizer into a fertilizing ditch formed by a fertilizing ditcher (72) through a fertilizer conveying pipe (74), and a fertilizing and earthing plate (73) is used for earthing and burying at the corresponding fertilizing ditch position.
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