CN109560336B - Active maintenance method and system for vehicle-mounted power battery - Google Patents
Active maintenance method and system for vehicle-mounted power battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active maintenance method and system for a vehicle-mounted power battery, wherein when the balance condition of the power battery is met, a super capacitor is controlled by a charging power to charge the power battery, the power battery is charged by the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery in the process that the SOC of the power battery gradually rises, and when the SOC reaches a set starting balance electric quantity threshold value, the active balance control is carried out on the power battery to maintain the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches a set finishing balance electric quantity threshold value. Because only when the electric quantity of the power battery reaches a certain value, effective active equalization can be guaranteed, the power battery is charged firstly, then equalization control is carried out, the equalization of the power battery can be effectively realized, and the service life of the power battery is effectively prolonged. Moreover, the method can automatically maintain the power battery, so that a user does not need to search for external charging equipment, and the operation is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an active maintenance method and system for a vehicle-mounted power battery, and belongs to the technical field of active equalization of power batteries.
Background
Part of power sources of a hybrid electric vehicle type come from a high-voltage power battery, the power battery needs to be periodically charged and discharged for maintenance due to inherent properties of the power battery, namely, a Battery Management System (BMS) regulates and controls the power battery to perform an equalizing charge process, the equalizing charge process refers to that the voltage of the power battery is unbalanced due to individual difference, temperature difference and the like of the power battery in the using process of the power battery, and in order to avoid the deterioration of the unbalanced trend, the charging voltage of the power battery needs to be increased, and the power battery is activated and charged. However, because the vehicle conditions of each hybrid vehicle type are different and the charging conditions are different (users generally cannot actively charge the power battery), the maintenance of the power battery is difficult, and the service life of the power battery is influenced to a certain extent by enabling the power battery to be in a power-shortage state for a long time.
Fig. 1 is a conventional hybrid system, in which an output of an engine is connected to an ISG motor, a clutch is usually disposed between the engine and the ISG motor, and the ISG motor is connected to other related power mechanisms. The energy system is powered by composite energy, and comprises two energy storage systems which are a super capacitor and a power battery and can provide electric energy, and a bidirectional DC/DC or other switching equipment is usually arranged between the super capacitor and the power battery. When the whole vehicle runs, the super capacitor is preferentially used as an energy source, when the super capacitor is undervoltage, the whole vehicle ECU enables the bidirectional DC/DC to carry out boosting charging, the electric energy of the power battery is output to the super capacitor (the voltage of the general power battery is smaller than the voltage of the super capacitor), and when the electric quantity of the power battery is insufficient, the whole vehicle ECU controls the generator to charge the super capacitor.
The equalizing charge technology adopted at present is passive equalization, that is, when the power battery is placed statically, the BMS charges the battery with smaller cell voltage from the average value with a small current, and actively discharges the battery with larger cell voltage from the average value, thereby achieving the purpose of equalization. However, this method is not effective in the case of long-term power shortage of the battery, because the average value calculation error is large, and how to regularly maintain the battery in a charging state or even a full-charge state is the key of the technology to achieve the purpose of maintaining the battery.
The system mainly comprises a balancing main controller, a bidirectional DC/DC, a super capacitor and a power battery, wherein the power battery is connected with the super capacitor through the bidirectional DC/DC, the balancing main controller realizes balancing control, the high-power battery is charged to the super capacitor through the bidirectional DC/DC, and the super capacitor is discharged to the low-power battery through the bidirectional DC/DC after storing electric quantity until the balancing state is achieved. According to the method, the transferred electric quantity is stored through the super capacitor, and active balance of the power battery is achieved. Although the method can realize the balance of the power battery pack to a certain extent, the reliable balance of the power battery cannot be realized through the electric quantity transfer, especially when the electric quantity of the power battery is low, the effective balance of the power battery cannot be realized only through the operation of discharging to the low-electric-quantity battery through the super capacitor, and the degree of prolonging the service life of the power battery is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an active maintenance method for a vehicle-mounted power battery, which is used for solving the problem that the traditional balancing method cannot effectively realize the balancing of the power battery and further cannot effectively prolong the service life of the power battery. The invention also provides an active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the scheme of the invention comprises an active maintenance method of a vehicle-mounted power battery, which comprises the following steps:
(1) when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery by first set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery gradually rises;
(2) in the process of rising the SOC of the power battery, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery;
(3) and when the SOC of the power battery reaches the set starting balance electric quantity threshold value, performing active balance control on the power battery to maintain the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches the set finishing balance electric quantity threshold value.
According to the active maintenance method of the vehicle-mounted power battery, when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery with a certain charging power, in the process that the SOC of the power battery gradually rises, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery with the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches the set starting balance electric quantity threshold, and then the power battery is actively balanced and controlled to maintain the power battery. Therefore, the power battery is charged firstly, when the electric quantity of the power battery reaches a certain value, the active equalization control is carried out on the power battery, and the active equalization can be effectively carried out only when the electric quantity of the power battery reaches the certain value, so that the power battery is charged firstly, then the equalization control is carried out, the active equalization and the maintenance of the power battery can be effectively realized, and the service life of the power battery is effectively prolonged. Moreover, the method can automatically maintain the power battery, so that a user does not need to search for external charging equipment, and the operation is simplified.
The specific process of controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery in the step (2) is as follows: 1) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a first set electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using second set charging power, and continuously increasing the SOC of the power battery; 2) when the SOC of the power battery reaches the threshold value of the starting balance electric quantity, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using a third set charging power;
the first set charging power is larger than the second set charging power, the second set charging power is larger than the third set charging power, and the first set electric quantity threshold is smaller than the starting equalization electric quantity threshold.
When the voltage value of the super capacitor is smaller than the undervoltage set value, controlling the engine to start, driving the generator to generate electricity by the engine, and charging the super capacitor by using fourth set charging power until the voltage value of the super capacitor is larger than the overvoltage set value;
the fourth set charging power is greater than the first set charging power.
The balancing conditions of the power battery comprise the following four conditions: the SOC of the power battery is smaller than a set electric quantity lower limit threshold, the power battery is not charged or discharged in a set time period, the maximum cell voltage of the power battery exceeds a set limit value of the current cell voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set voltage lower limit value, and the balance condition of the power battery is determined to be met as long as any one of the four conditions is met.
The implementation process of the active equalization control of the power battery is as follows: and regulating the voltage difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage in the power battery.
The invention also provides an active maintenance system of the vehicle-mounted power battery, which comprises the power battery, a bidirectional DC/DC, a balance main controller and a super capacitor, wherein the balance main controller executes the following control strategies:
(1) when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery by first set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery gradually rises;
(2) in the process of rising the SOC of the power battery, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery;
(3) and when the SOC of the power battery reaches the set starting balance electric quantity threshold value, performing active balance control on the power battery to maintain the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches the set finishing balance electric quantity threshold value.
The specific process of controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery in the step (2) is as follows: 1) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a first set electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using second set charging power, and continuously increasing the SOC of the power battery; 2) when the SOC of the power battery reaches the threshold value of the starting balance electric quantity, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using a third set charging power;
the first set charging power is larger than the second set charging power, the second set charging power is larger than the third set charging power, and the first set electric quantity threshold is smaller than the starting equalization electric quantity threshold.
When the voltage value of the super capacitor is smaller than the undervoltage set value, controlling the engine to start, driving the generator to generate electricity by the engine, and charging the super capacitor by using fourth set charging power until the voltage value of the super capacitor is larger than the overvoltage set value;
the fourth set charging power is greater than the first set charging power.
The balancing conditions of the power battery comprise the following four conditions: the SOC of the power battery is smaller than a set electric quantity lower limit threshold, the power battery is not charged or discharged in a set time period, the maximum cell voltage of the power battery exceeds a set limit value of the current cell voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set voltage lower limit value, and the balance condition of the power battery is determined to be met as long as any one of the four conditions is met.
The implementation process of the active equalization control of the power battery is as follows: and regulating the voltage difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage in the power battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art hybrid system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active maintenance system for an on-board power battery;
fig. 3 is a diagram of a specific implementation of a flow of an active maintenance method for a vehicle-mounted power battery.
Detailed Description
Active maintenance system embodiment of vehicle-mounted power battery
The embodiment provides an active maintenance system for a vehicle-mounted power battery, which comprises a power battery, a bidirectional DC/DC, a balancing main controller and a super capacitor, wherein the power battery and the super capacitor realize electric energy transmission through the bidirectional DC/DC, and the balancing main controller is used for performing active maintenance control, namely main control balancing control. Therefore, the balance main controller is a control core of the system and is internally loaded with an active maintenance control strategy existing in a software program, so that the invention point of the system is not the system structure per se but the active maintenance control strategy in the balance main controller.
As a specific embodiment, fig. 2 shows a hybrid series-parallel system based on an active maintenance system of a vehicle-mounted power battery, wherein an engine is connected to a generator (hereinafter referred to as an ISG motor) by a normally closed clutch, the engine and the generator are kept at the same rotating speed, the ISG motor and a driving motor are connected by a separable clutch, and the driving motor is connected with a transmission system.
In this embodiment, the balancing main controller is an entire vehicle ECU, as shown in fig. 2, the entire vehicle ECU is in communication connection with the engine ECU, the motor controller, and the power battery BMS, and can acquire data of each controller related to active maintenance control, and the entire vehicle ECU is in control connection with the bidirectional DC/DC to control the same.
The active maintenance control strategy in the ECU of the whole vehicle is as follows:
(1) when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery by the first set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery gradually rises.
The balancing conditions of the power battery can be set according to actual requirements, and this embodiment provides an implementation manner, where the balancing conditions of the power battery include the following four conditions: the SOC of the power battery is smaller than a set electric quantity lower limit threshold, the power battery is not charged or discharged within a set time period (namely the power battery is not recorded during a certain time), the maximum cell voltage in the power battery exceeds a set limit value of the current cell voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set voltage lower limit value, and the power battery is determined to meet the balance condition as long as any one of the four conditions is met. The meaning that the maximum cell voltage in the power battery exceeds the set limit value of the current cell voltage average value is as follows: the difference value between the maximum cell voltage in the power battery and the average value of the current cell voltage is larger than a set value, which indicates that the maximum cell voltage value is too large, and the condition indicates that the consistency of the cell voltage of the battery is poor due to abnormal use of the battery, and the maximum cell voltage exceeds the maximum threshold range, so that the internal circulating current is increased, and the loss is increased. Therefore, the balance maintenance is required, and the set limit value can be set according to factory parameters. Of course, if the balance condition of the power battery is not met, the vehicle enters a driving mode in response to other operations of the whole vehicle in a standby mode.
After the balance condition of the power battery is met, the abnormal state of the transmission power battery on the BMS (namely, any one of the four conditions is met), the whole vehicle enters an equalizing charge mode according to the signal, bidirectional DC/DC is enabled, constant power P is set according to the first set charge power, and the super capacitor is controlled to perform voltage reduction charge on the power battery.
(2) And controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery by using the corresponding charging power.
The step process is a hierarchical charging process, because the SOC of the power battery gradually rises in the charging process, N set electric quantity thresholds are set according to actual needs, when the SOC of the power battery reaches a certain set electric quantity threshold, the super capacitor is controlled by the charging power corresponding to the set electric quantity threshold to charge the power battery, wherein N is larger than or equal to 1, and the number of N is set according to the actual needs. No matter how many N are, the whole charging process is based on the following charging principle: the larger the SOC of the power battery is, the smaller the corresponding charging power is. One specific embodiment is given below: in the gradual rising process of the SOC of the power battery, when the SOC of the power battery reaches a first set electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using second set charging power, wherein the first set charging power is larger than the second set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery continues rising; and then, when the SOC of the power battery reaches a set starting balance electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using third set charging power, wherein the second set charging power is greater than the third set charging power. The whole charging process also follows the charging principle. In addition, the first set electric quantity threshold value is smaller than the starting balance electric quantity threshold value.
(3) When the SOC of the power battery reaches the threshold value of the starting balance electric quantity, the power battery is charged, and active balance control is carried out on the power battery to maintain the power battery. And setting an equalizing electric quantity finishing threshold value, and carrying out active equalization control on the power battery when the SOC of the power battery is in a range between the equalizing electric quantity starting threshold value and the equalizing electric quantity finishing threshold value. And when the SOC of the power battery is greater than the threshold value for finishing the balance electric quantity, finishing the active balance control of the power battery. In this embodiment, the active equalization control is performed by adjusting the voltage difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage in the power battery, and a specific implementation process is given as follows: BMS can general voltage value and SOC value as the input, combines corresponding algorithm again, estimates out the voltage value of every battery cell, in case certain battery cell voltage undersize, uploads demand charging current message to whole car ECU, can carry out automatically regulated under the charged state, preferentially mends the electricity to the battery cell of voltage undersize to promote whole voltage uniformity.
After the balance control is quitted, the whole vehicle can enter a driving mode according to the requirement.
In addition, in the whole process, the voltage value of the super capacitor can be detected in real time, when the voltage value of the super capacitor is smaller than an undervoltage set value, the engine is controlled to be started to drive the ISG motor to generate power, and the super capacitor is charged by using fourth set charging power until the voltage value of the super capacitor is larger than an overvoltage set value. In order to enable a reliable charging of the power cell, the fourth set charging power is greater than the first set charging power.
Each setting parameter in this embodiment can be set according to an actual requirement.
Based on the above technical solution, a specific application example is given below.
(1) As shown in fig. 3, after the entire vehicle is powered on, the parameters are initialized, the overvoltage value and the undervoltage value in the equalizing charge mode of the super capacitor are set, and meanwhile, the BMS detects the state information of the power battery, and the parameters include four conditions: the SOC value of the total capacity of the power battery is lower than 15%, the power battery has no charging and discharging record for 3 months, the maximum monomer voltage of the power battery exceeds the current voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is lower than a set value, the process 2 is carried out when the conditions meet any one condition, and otherwise, the power battery enters a driving mode in response to other operations of the whole vehicle in a standby mode.
(2) And the BMS uploads the abnormal state of the power battery, the whole vehicle enters an equalizing charge mode according to the signal, bidirectional DC/DC is enabled, and the super capacitor is controlled by constant power P to perform voltage reduction charging on the power battery.
(3) The whole vehicle ECU judges whether the voltage value of the super capacitor uploaded by the motor controller is smaller than the undervoltage set value, if not, the whole vehicle ECU returns to the process 2 to continue charging, and starts the process 4 to judge; if yes, the whole vehicle ECU forces the engine to start, drives the ISG motor to generate power, forces the ISG motor to generate power with constant power P1(P1> P), stops the engine output until the super capacitor voltage is higher than the set overvoltage value, and returns to the process 2.
(4) The whole vehicle ECU detects whether the SOC value of the power battery is 90% -95% through the BMS, if so, the bidirectional DC/DC is controlled to perform voltage reduction charging at power of 10% P, and the process 5 is carried out for judgment; if not, the step-down charging is continued by the power P.
(5) And (3) detecting whether the SOC of the battery is more than 95% by the ECU of the whole vehicle, if so, controlling the bidirectional DC/DC to perform voltage reduction charging at the power of 5% P, and if not, returning to the process 2.
(6) When the SOC of the battery is larger than 95%, the ECU or the BMS of the whole vehicle starts to actively balance, the voltage difference between the maximum single battery voltage and the minimum single battery voltage is adjusted, and the battery is maintained. Then, when the SOC value of the battery reaches 100%, the battery exits from the equalizing charge mode and enters into a vehicle running mode; if not, continuing to charge and continuing to perform active equalization.
In addition, during the execution of the equalizing charge, the entire vehicle ECU detects any operation signal related to the driving aspect, namely exits the equalizing charge mode and preferentially responds to the driving operation.
Therefore, the control strategy can automatically switch into an equalizing charge mode simulating external charging through the battery state information fed back by the BMS without requiring a user to regularly carry out external charging on the power battery in the life cycle of the whole vehicle operation, so that the bidirectional DC/DC is used as a simulated external charging interface, the super capacitor and the ISG motor are used as energy generation sources, and an active equalizing maintenance means for the power battery is provided. Once a driver performs any operation related to driving content, the whole vehicle ECU automatically controls to exit the balanced maintenance mode, the aim of maintaining the battery is achieved through the 'idle time' of the whole vehicle, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged.
The specific embodiments are given above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The basic idea of the present invention lies in the above basic scheme, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that no creative effort is needed to design various modified models, formulas and parameters according to the teaching of the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and still fall within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment of active maintenance method for vehicle-mounted power battery
The embodiment provides an active maintenance method for a vehicle-mounted power battery, which is an active maintenance control strategy in an active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery.
Claims (8)
1. The active maintenance method of the vehicle-mounted power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the whole vehicle enters a balance charging mode, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery by the first set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery gradually rises;
(2) in the process of rising the SOC of the power battery, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery;
(3) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a set starting equalization electric quantity threshold value, the power battery is charged, and active equalization control is carried out on the power battery to maintain the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches a set ending equalization electric quantity threshold value; the starting equalization electric quantity threshold is 95%, and the ending equalization electric quantity threshold is 100%;
when the ECU of the whole vehicle detects any operation signal related to the driving aspect, the ECU exits the equalizing charge mode;
the specific process of controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery in the step (2) is as follows: 1) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a first set electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using second set charging power, and continuously increasing the SOC of the power battery; 2) when the SOC of the power battery reaches the threshold value of the starting balance electric quantity, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using a third set charging power;
the first set charging power is larger than the second set charging power, the second set charging power is larger than the third set charging power, and the first set electric quantity threshold is smaller than the starting equalization electric quantity threshold.
2. The active maintenance method of the vehicle-mounted power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that when the voltage value of the super capacitor is smaller than the undervoltage set value, the engine is controlled to start, the engine drives the generator to generate power, and the super capacitor is charged with the fourth set charging power until the voltage value of the super capacitor is larger than the overvoltage set value;
the fourth set charging power is greater than the first set charging power.
3. The active maintenance method for the vehicle-mounted power battery according to claim 1, wherein the balancing conditions of the power battery comprise four of the following: the SOC of the power battery is smaller than a set electric quantity lower limit threshold, the power battery is not charged or discharged in a set time period, the maximum cell voltage of the power battery exceeds a set limit value of the current cell voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set voltage lower limit value, and the balance condition of the power battery is determined to be met as long as any one of the four conditions is met.
4. The active maintenance method for the vehicle-mounted power battery according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the active balance control of the power battery is realized by the following steps: and regulating the voltage difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage in the power battery.
5. The active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery comprises the power battery, a bidirectional DC/DC, a balancing main controller and a super capacitor, and is characterized in that the balancing main controller executes the following control strategies:
(1) when the balance condition of the power battery is met, the whole vehicle enters a balance charging mode, the super capacitor is controlled to charge the power battery by the first set charging power, and the SOC of the power battery gradually rises;
(2) in the process of rising the SOC of the power battery, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery;
(3) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a set starting equalization electric quantity threshold value, the power battery is charged, and active equalization control is carried out on the power battery to maintain the power battery until the SOC of the power battery reaches a set ending equalization electric quantity threshold value; the starting equalization electric quantity threshold is 95%, and the ending equalization electric quantity threshold is 100%;
when the ECU of the whole vehicle detects any operation signal related to the driving aspect, the ECU exits the equalizing charge mode;
the specific process of controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery with the corresponding charging power according to the range met by the SOC of the power battery in the step (2) is as follows: 1) when the SOC of the power battery reaches a first set electric quantity threshold value, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using second set charging power, and continuously increasing the SOC of the power battery; 2) when the SOC of the power battery reaches the threshold value of the starting balance electric quantity, controlling the super capacitor to charge the power battery by using a third set charging power;
the first set charging power is larger than the second set charging power, the second set charging power is larger than the third set charging power, and the first set electric quantity threshold is smaller than the starting equalization electric quantity threshold.
6. The active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery according to claim 5, characterized in that when the voltage value of the super capacitor is smaller than the undervoltage set value, the engine is controlled to start, the engine drives the generator to generate power, and the super capacitor is charged with the fourth set charging power until the voltage value of the super capacitor is larger than the overvoltage set value;
the fourth set charging power is greater than the first set charging power.
7. The active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery according to claim 5, wherein the balancing conditions of the power battery comprise four of the following: the SOC of the power battery is smaller than a set electric quantity lower limit threshold, the power battery is not charged or discharged in a set time period, the maximum cell voltage of the power battery exceeds a set limit value of the current cell voltage average value, the voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set voltage lower limit value, and the balance condition of the power battery is determined to be met as long as any one of the four conditions is met.
8. The active maintenance system for the vehicle-mounted power battery according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that the active balancing control of the power battery is realized by the following process: and regulating the voltage difference between the maximum cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage in the power battery.
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| CN113922435A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-01-11 | 苏州光之翼智能科技有限公司 | Automatic charging and discharging maintenance strategy for lithium power battery pack |
| CN114516283B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-10 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Multi-redundancy vehicle-mounted power battery system and control method |
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