CN109503446B - 维生素a酸类和类维生素a酸化合物的前药 - Google Patents
维生素a酸类和类维生素a酸化合物的前药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及维生素A酸类和类维生素A酸化合物的前药。具体而言,本发明涉及具有通式(31)“结构式31”的结构的带有正电荷的维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的前药的设计与合成。所述化合物可由维生素A酸及其相关化合物与合适的醇、硫醇、或胺通过偶合剂反应得到。实验结果表明超过90%的前药能在几分钟内变回母药。在治疗中,这些前药能透皮给药用于任何治疗,避免维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的大多数副作用。前药的控释透皮给药系统可以使血液中维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的浓度稳定在最佳的治疗浓度,提升疗效并减少维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的副作用。这些前药透皮给药的另一大好处是使用更加方便,特别是对于儿童给药。
Description
本申请是第201510594392.3号中国发明专利申请的分案申请。原申请的申请日为2007年01月15日,发明名称为“维生素A酸类和类维生素A酸化合物的前药”。
技术领域
本发明涉及带有正电荷且水溶性的维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的前药及其在治疗人或动物的任何维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物可治疗状态上的应用。尤其是,本发明使维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物能快速穿透皮肤。
背景技术
维生素A酸是一类化合物,其结构含有以头尾相连的方式结合的四个类异戊二烯结构单元。维生素A酸类包括全反式维生素A酸(维生素A酸),顺式-异构维生素A酸,如13-顺式维生素A酸(异维生素A酸)、9-顺式-维生素A酸(阿利维生素A酸),维他命A(维生素A),4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸(蓓萨罗丁,塔革雷汀视黄醛、雷替费罗(E,E,E)-7-(2-n-丙氧基-5,5,8,8-四甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-3-基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯酸、阿达帕林(6-[3-(1-金刚烷基)-4-甲氧苯基]-2-萘甲酸)、非环式维生素A酸[(2E,4E,6E,10E)-3,7,11,15-四甲基-2,4,6,10,14-十六碳五烯酸(hexadecapentaenoic acid)]、乙基(E,E,E)-7-(2-n-丙氧基-5,5,8,8-四甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-萘-3-基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯酸酯,以及它们的天然和合成的衍生物。多个专利报道了多种合成维生素A酸类和具有维生素A酸活性的类维生素A酸化合物(美国专利号:5,648,563;5,648,385;5,618,839;5,559,248;5,616,712;5,616,597;5,602,135;5,599,819;5,556,996;5,534,516;5,516,904;5,498,755;5,470,999;5,468,879;5,455,265;5,451,605;5,426,118;5,407,937;5,399,586;5,399,561;5,391,753)。维生素A酸类对许多生命进程起着非常重要的作用,包括视觉、生殖、代谢、分化、骨骼发育和胚胎发育时期的模式形成(pattern formation)。维他命A(维生素A)和视黄醛在体内处于化学平衡的状态,并且具有等同的抗干眼病活性。维生素A与视蛋白,即视网膜内的视杆细胞色素,结合形成视网膜紫质,视网膜紫质对视觉适应黑暗非常重要。缺乏维他命A会引起夜盲、角膜软化症、角质化和皮肤干燥、抗感染能力降低、生长减慢、骨质增厚、皮质类固醇生成减少,和胎儿畸形(PDR Generics,1996,second edition,Medical Economics,Montvale,NewJersey,pg 3094)。外用维生素A酸(全反式维生素A酸)可以降低滤泡上皮细胞的粘结性,减少细微粉刺形成并刺激有丝分裂作用,增加滤泡上皮细胞的更新并导致粉刺的排出。维生素A酸局部给药可以治疗寻常性痤疮、光致老化、色素斑疹(肝斑)和早期皱纹,药物引起的光过敏、牛皮癣、表皮伤痕愈合、眼球干燥症、疤痕疙瘩、皮肤表皮角化症(PDR Generics,1996,second edition,Medical Economics,Montvale,New Jersey,pg 2981)。异维生素A酸可抑制皮脂腺功能和角质化。异维生素A酸适用于治疗严重的顽固性囊性痤疮、基底细胞癌、子宫颈癌、蕈样真菌病(皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤)、达里耶病、片层状鱼鳞癣、毛发红糠疹、单纯疱疹的感染、Grover病、扁平苔癣、顽固的红斑痤疮、掌跖角化病、粘膜白斑病、鳞状基底细包癌和着色性干皮病。阿利维生素A酸(9-顺式维生素A酸)是一个天然的内源的维生素A酸,其可以结合并激活所有已知的细胞内维生素A酸受体亚型(RAR、RAR、RAR、RXR、RXR,和RXR)。这些受体一旦激活即可作为转录因子,在正常细胞和癌细胞中调控可控制细胞分化和增殖的基因的表达。阿利维生素A酸在体外实验中可以抑制卡波氏肉瘤(KS)细胞的生长。阿利维生素A酸用于治疗卡波氏肉瘤(KS)和骨髓增生异常综合征。雷替费罗(retiferol)衍生物可用于治疗皮肤过度增生疾病如牛皮癣、基细胞癌、角质化和角化失调、肿瘤病症,皮脂腺失调如痤疮和脂溢性皮炎,与光损伤相关的状态,日晒引起的皮肤损伤,皱纹,弹性组织变性和早衰(Hilpert,et al.,U.S.Pat.No.6437142)。阿达帕林可外用治疗寻常性痤疮。非环式维生素A酸可用于预防次发性癌症(Yasutoshi Muto,et al.,the New England Journalof Medicine,340,1046(1999))。(E,E,E)-7-(2-n-丙氧基-5,5,8,8-四甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-萘烯-3-基)-6-氟-3-甲基-2,4,6-辛三烯酸可以用于治疗II-型糖尿病及其它代谢疾病(Deng T,et al.,Biol.Pharm.Bull.28(7),1192,2005)。塔革雷汀口服制剂可用于治疗皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤(CTCL)、头颈癌、全身性卡波氏肉瘤、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌和肾细胞癌。塔革雷汀外用给药可以用于治疗皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤(CTCL)。
另一种可选的给药方式就是外用给药。外用给药系统有几大优点。这种方法帮助避免药物在肝脏和胃肠消化道的首过代谢。它可在无需系统暴露的情况下将适当浓度的药物局部传递至目的作用位点。Fishman(Fishman;Robert,美国专利号7,052,715)指出伴随口服用药产生的另一问题是,为了有效治疗远端位置的疼痛或炎症,血液循环中的药物浓度必须达到很高。这些浓度往往远高于假设药物能直接靶向作用于疼痛或受伤部位的实际所需。Yeager试图通过渗透促进剂给药PGE1用于治疗男性勃起功能障碍(Yeager,James L.美国专利号6,693,135)。Susan Milosovich等设计并合成了4-二甲基氨基丁酸睾酮酯盐酸盐(TSBH),其具有一脂溶性的部分和一个在生理pH下以质子化形式存在的三级胺结构。他们发现这个前药(TSBH)透过人体皮肤的速度是母药(TS)的近60倍[Susan Milosovich,etal.,J.Pharm.Sci.,82,227(1993)]。
技术问题
维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物已被用于治疗多种健康状态包括痤疮、光致老化、生皮癣、鱼鳞癣、脱发和各种各样的癌症。
然而,维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的脂溶性太强,在水里完全不溶解。生物膜具有双层结构,亲水的头部结构面向两侧的水相区域。维生素A酸类能进入生物膜的脂质层,但是因相似相容的原因它们会作为生物膜的一部分停留其中,不能有效进入内部的细胞质。由于维生素A酸类具有高度不饱和结构,维生素A酸类对紫外线、空气和氧化剂都非常敏感。维生素A酸类外用给药后,可以进入生物膜但不能进入到细胞内部。阳光、空气或氧化剂会使维生素A酸类发生化学反应,导致皮肤发红、灼热感、蜕皮、开裂、起泡,或发痒。当它们通过口服给药时,又会因首过效应,即肝脏和胃肠道对化合物的化学降解,在几分钟内破坏并失活。口服维生素A酸类会造成不必要的全身系统暴露并且导致许多副作用。
解决方案
本发明涉及带有正电荷的新型的维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的前药的设计与合成,及其医药用途。9-顺式-维生素A酸(阿利维生素A酸)、13-顺式维生素A酸(异维生素A酸),全反式维生素A酸(维生素A酸)、维他命A(维生素A)、雷替费罗(retiferol)、阿达帕林、非环式维生素A酸,和类维生素A酸化合物的前药具有通式(1到27)“结构式1到27”的结构:
在结构式1-27中,R代表直链或支链,-(CH2)n-,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,在-(CH2)n-中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基或者其他环状系统基团替代;R1和R2各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,芳基,或杂芳基,或者合并在一起共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基或者其他环状系统基团取代;R3代表H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,芳基或杂芳基′其中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基或者其他环状系统基团取代;X代表O,S或NH;X1代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、NO、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;X2代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;X3代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;X4代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;X5代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、S02R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;X6代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;R4代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR6COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;R5代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R6、COR6、COOR6、NR6COR4、SOR6、SR6、PO3R6R6′、SOR6、SR6、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;R11代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR6COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;R12代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR6COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基,1-6个碳原子的烷氧基,1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基,1-6个碳原子的烯基,1-6个碳原子的炔基,或1-6个碳原子的卤代烷基;R6和R6’各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H、Cl、Br、F、I、OH、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR7COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R7R7′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的烯基、1-6个碳原子的炔基,或卤代烷基,或者共同代表氧(=O)或-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR7R7’芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R7和R7各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H、Cl、Br、F、I、OH、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR6COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的烯基、1-6个碳原子的炔基,或卤代烷基,或共同代表氧(=0)或-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R8和R8’各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H、Cl、Br、F、I、OH、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的烯基、1-6个碳原子的炔基,或卤代烷基,或者共同代表氧(=0)或-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基或者其他环状系统基团替代;R9和R9’各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H、Cl、Br、F、I、OH、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的烯基、1-6个碳原子的炔基,或卤代烷基,或者共同代表氧(=0)或-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代:R10和R10’各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H、Cl、Br、F、I、OH、NO2、CN、SO2R5、COR5、COOR5、NR4COR5、SOR5、SR5、PO3R6R6′、SOR5、SR5、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的烯基、1-6个碳原子的炔基,或卤代烷基,或者共同代表氧(=O)或-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;T代表CH2=C,CH=CH,C(CH3)=CH,C≡C,C=O、C=S、CONH,CSNH,COO,OCO,COS,COCH2或CH2CO;A-代表Cl-,Br-,F-,I-,AcO-,柠檬酸根,或任何负离子;侧链上的双键可以是Z或E构型;所有R,R1,R2,R3,R4,或-(CH2)n-基团可以是支链或直链,可以包含C、H、O,S,N及其他原子,可以含有单键、双键、三键和环状系统。
药物无论是经过肠胃道消化系统还是其他途径吸收,都需要以分子的形式穿过屏障膜。药物需首先溶解,且如果药物具有理想的生物药学特性,它会从高浓度的区域扩散到低浓度的区域,跨过细胞膜进入血液或全身循环系统。所有的生物膜含有脂类作为主要成份。生物膜结构中起主导作用的分子都具有含有磷酸盐的高极性的头部结构,并且,在大多数情况下,两条高度疏水的碳氢尾链。生物膜具有双层结构,亲水的头部结构面向两侧的水相区域。非常亲水的药物无法通过穿过生物膜的脂质层而非常疏水性的药物因相似相容的原因作为生物膜的一部分停留其中,从而不能有效进入内部的细胞质。
本发明的目的是通过提高维生素A酸类及其相关化合物在皮肤表面水分中的溶解度以及提高其对生物膜和皮肤屏障的穿透速度,使其可通过透皮给药(外用)。这些新型维生素A酸类及其相关化合物的前药有两个相同的结构特点:它们有一个亲脂性的部分和一个在生理pH条件下以质子化形式存在的一级、二级、或三级胺基团(水溶性部分)。这样的水溶-油溶平衡是药物能有效穿过生物膜所必需的[Susan Milosovich,et al.,J.Pharm.Sci.,82,227(1993)]。带有正电荷的氨基大大增加了药物在水中的溶解度。很多情况下,药物的溶解是吸收过程中最慢或限制速度的步骤。维生素A酸类及其相关化合物在皮肤表面水分中的溶解度很低,不能以分子形式有效地穿过皮肤屏障。当它们进入皮肤的生物膜以后,因相似相容的原因会作为生物膜的一部分停留其中,从而不能有效进入细胞质,即细胞内部的一种半液态的浓缩水溶液或悬浮液。当这些新型的前药以诸如溶液、喷剂、乳液、软膏、乳胶或凝胶等剂型透皮给药时,它们能迅速溶解在皮肤表面的水分中。这些前药分子中氨基上的正电荷会与细胞膜的磷酸盐端基的负电荷结合。因此,药物在生物膜外侧的局部浓度很高从而有助于这些前药通过高浓度区域到低浓度的区域。当这些前药分子进入到生物膜以后,亲水性部分会推动前药进入细胞质。由于这些前药在皮肤表面的生物膜外侧的停留时间很短,因而不会引起皮肤灼热、疼痛、发痒或肿胀,并且皮肤也不会对阳光敏感。这些前药在人体皮肤中的穿透速度在体外通过改进的Franz池测量,其中人体皮肤分离自大腿部位前面或后面的人体皮肤组织(360-400微米厚)。接受溶液由2毫升含有2%的牛血清球蛋白的生理盐水组成并以600转/分的速度搅拌。这些前药和它们的母药穿过皮肤的累积总量对时间的关系是用特定的高效液相色谱法来测定。供体溶液由含有5%某些维生素A酸类前药的溶液,或5%维生素A酸类化合物的混悬液组成,均溶于0.2毫升乙醇和pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.2M)(v/v,70/30)的混合液中,结果如图1所示。计算穿透人体皮肤的表观穿透值,得到N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐、N,N-二乙氨基乙基13-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐、N,N-二乙氨基乙基全反式维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐、视黄基N,N-二甲基-2-胺基乙酸酯盐酸盐、N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐、9-顺式维生素A酸(阿利维生素A酸)、13-顺式维生素A酸(异维生素A酸)、全反式维生素A酸(维生素A酸)、维他命A(维生素A)和蓓萨罗丁的穿透人体皮肤的表观穿透值分别为0.72毫克、0.85毫克、1.25毫克、1.21毫克、0.35毫克、0.005毫克、0.005毫克、0.005毫克、0.005毫克和0.001毫克/厘米2/小时。这些前药在人体皮肤中的扩散速度比维生素A类药物快药350倍。结果说明,二烷基胺基乙基上的正电荷对药物穿过生物膜和皮肤屏障非常重要。
这些新型的前药对小鼠皮肤的刺激作用或不适反应通过以下方法来评价,将0.1毫升溶于乙醇的1%的各种测试药物外用涂于裸鼠背部,每天两次,一周后评价这些新型的前药对小鼠皮肤的刺激作用或不适反应。对N,N-二乙氨基乙基-9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐、N,N-二乙氨基乙基-13-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐,N,N-二乙氨基乙基全反式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐,视黄基N,N-二甲基-2-胺基乙酯盐酸盐,N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐未发现刺激作用或不适反应。
一个好的前药应该很容易地变回到母药结构。对这些前药按照以下方法进行体外血浆水解实验。将10毫克前药溶解于O.1毫升0.2M pH值7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液。将1毫升人血浆预热到37℃,加入至混合物中。混合物于37℃的水浴中保温。每隔两分钟间隔,取出0.2毫升样品并加入0.4毫升甲醇使血浆蛋白沉淀。样品离心5分钟并用高效液相色谱分析。N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐水解的半衰期是10±1分钟,N,N-二乙氨基乙基13-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐水解的半衰期为8±2分钟,N,N-二乙氨基乙基全反式维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐水解的半衰期是9±1分钟,视黄基N,N-二甲基-2-胺基乙酸酯盐酸盐水解的半衰期是13±2分钟,N,N-二乙氨基乙基-4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐水解的半衰期是11±2分钟。
塔革雷汀(蓓萨罗丁)选择性地激活一类被称为RXR的维生素A酸受体的亚类,该受体对许多细胞的活动起着很重要的作用。其中最重要的一个作用就是程序性细胞死亡,或“细胞凋亡”,即身体去除自身不需要的细胞的自然过程。Ligand公司正在开发塔革雷汀的外用和口服制剂。外用塔革雷汀可用于治疗皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤(CTCL)。另外,塔革雷汀口服制剂可用于治疗皮肤T淋巴细胞瘤(CTCL)、头颈部癌、全身性的卡波氏肉瘤、肺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌和肾细胞癌。阿利维生素A酸(9-顺式维生素A酸)是一个天然的内源维生素A酸,它可以结合并激活所有已知的细胞内维生素A酸受体亚型(RARa、RARb、RARg、RXRa、RXRb和RXRg)。这些受体一旦激活,则可作为转录因子在正常细胞和肿瘤细胞中调节可控制细胞分化和增殖过程的基因表达。阿利维生素A酸可用于治疗卡波氏肉瘤、与艾滋病相关的卡波氏肉瘤、其它皮肤癌、乳腺癌和其它癌症。
--为了评价这些前药的抗癌活性,将人的乳腺癌细胞(BCAP-37,每只小鼠使用3-4毫米3肿瘤组织)植入裸鼠(BALB)皮下。1天后,在植入人乳腺癌细胞的区域(靠近前腿)外用涂抹50微升1%的N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐和50微升1%的N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐,均溶于乙醇/0.2MpH值7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(v/v,70/30),每天涂抹两次。28天后,对照组裸鼠(n=7)的肿瘤发生率为100%(半均肿瘤大小为13±2毫米×12±2厘米),而给药N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐或N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐的治疗组裸鼠(n=7)都没有观察到肿瘤。最为重要的是裸鼠给药后没有表现出任何不适或刺激作用。治疗组的裸鼠平均体重为25±2克,空白组的裸鼠平均体重为23±3克。实验结果证明这些前药的副作用非常轻微。
在另一实验中,将人的结肠癌细胞(LS174J,每只小鼠使用使用3-4毫米3肿瘤组织)植入裸鼠(BALB)皮下。1天后,在植入人结肠癌细胞的区域(靠近前腿)外用涂抹50微升1%的N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐和50微升1%的N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐,均溶于乙醇/0.2M pH值7.4的磷酸缓冲溶液(v/v,70/30),每天涂抹两次。28天后,对照组(n=7)的肿瘤发生率为100%(平均肿瘤大小为22±4毫米×20±3毫米),而给药N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐或N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐的治疗组(n=7)都没有观察到肿瘤。
所有维生素A酸类都可以购买到。上述通式(1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、16、17、22、23、24、25、26或27)“结构式1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、16、17、22、23、24、25、26或27”所表示的化合物可以由维生素A酸类或其相关化合物在偶合剂的作用下与通式(28)“结构式28”所表示的化合物反应制得。偶合剂例如:N,N′-二环己基碳酰亚胺、N,N′-二异丙基碳酰亚胺、O-(苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯、O-(苯并三氮唑-1-基)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯、苯并三氮唑-1-基-氧-三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸酯等。
其中,R代表直链或支链,-(CH2)n-,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,在-(CH2)n-中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R1和R2各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,芳基或杂芳基,或者共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’芳基或者杂芳基或者其他环状系统基团替代;X代表O,S或NH。
--上述通式(4、13、14、15、20或21)“结构式4、13、14、15、20或21”所表示的化合物可以通过维生素A及其相关化合物与通式(29)“结构式29”所表示的化合物反应得到,
其中,R代表直链或支链,-(CH2)n-,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,在-(CH2)n-中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R1和R2各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,芳基或杂芳基,或者共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R3代表H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,芳基或杂芳基,其中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;Z代表F,Cl,Br或I;A-代表Cl-,Br-,F-,I-,AcO-,柠檬酸根,或任何负离子。
当X代表0时,上述通式(1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、16、17、22、23、24、25、26或27)“结构式1、2、3、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、16、17、22、23、24、25、26或27”所表示的化合物可以由维生素A酸类及其相关化合物的金属盐、有机碱盐或固定化的碱盐与通式(30)“结构式30”所表示的化合物反应得到。
其中,R代表直链或支链,-(CH2)n-,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,在-(CH2)n-中,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R1和R2各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、炔基,芳基或杂芳基,或者共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;R3代表H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基或炔基,芳基或杂芳基,其中,任何CH2可以被0、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR6R6’、芳基或者杂芳基,或者其他环状系统基团替代;Z代表F,Cl,Br或I,或对甲苯磺酰基;A-代表Cl-,Br-,F-,I-,AcO-,柠檬酸根,或任何负离子。
优点
本发明中的维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的前药结构中都有一个脂溶性部分和一个水溶性部分(生理pH值下以质子化形式存在的胺基)。这些前药中带正电的氨基有两大优点。首先,它极大地提高了前药在水中的溶解度,当这些前药以溶液、喷剂、乳液、软膏、乳胶或凝胶等剂型透皮给药时,其能迅速与皮肤、眼睛、生殖器位置、嘴、鼻子或身体其他部位表面水分混合。第二,这些前药氨基上带的正电荷能与生物膜的磷酸盐头部结构带的负电荷结合。因此,生物膜外的局部浓度会很高,从而促进这些前药从高浓度区域穿透至低浓度区域。当这些前药进入到生物膜后,亲水性部分会推动药物进入细胞质,一种浓缩的半液态水溶液或悬浮液。由于在皮肤、眼睛、生殖器位置、嘴、鼻子或身体其他部位的停留时间很短,前药不会引起瘙痒、灼热感或疼痛。实验结果显示超过90%的前药能在几分钟内回到母药。因前药有更高的吸收率且透皮给药可避免首过代谢,因此在相等剂量时这些前药比维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物的作用更强。这些前药透皮给药的另一大好处是用药方便,特别是给儿童用药。
附图说明
图1:通过Franz池(n=5)中分离的人体皮肤组织的N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐(5%溶液,A),N,N-二乙氨基乙基13-顺式维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐(5%溶液,B),N,N-二乙氨基乙基全反式维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐(5%溶液,C),视黄基N,N-二甲基-2-氨基醋酸酯盐酸盐(5%溶液,D),N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酯盐酸盐(5%溶液,E),9-顺式维生素A酸(5%混悬液,F),13-顺式维生素A酸(5%混悬液,G),全反式维生素A酸(5%混悬液,H),维他命A(5%混悬液,I),和蓓萨罗丁(5%混恳液,J)。每个例子中,载体溶液都是乙醇/pH值7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.2M)(v/v,70/30)。
图2:结构31,其中,Ret代表维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸的化合物:R代表直链或支链,-(CH2)n-,其中n=0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,芳基或杂芳基;R1和R2各自独立时可代表相同或不同的基团,可以是H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基或炔基,芳基或杂芳基,或者共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10……,任何CH2可以被O、S、CH=CH、C≡C、CR4R3、芳基或者杂芳基,或其他环状系统基团替代;R3代表H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,或者芳基或杂芳基;R4代表H,任一1-12个碳原子的烷基、烷氧基、烯基、或炔基,或者芳基或杂芳基;X代表O,S或NH;A-代表Cl-、Br-、F-、I-、AcO-,柠檬酸根,或任何负离子;所有R、R1、R2、R3或-(CH2)n-基团是支链或支链,可以包含C,H,O,S或N原子,可以有单键、双键和三键。
最佳实施方式
N,N-二乙氨基乙基9-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐的制备
将32.2克(0.1摩尔)9-顺式-维生素A酸钠溶解于100毫升乙腈中。把26.1克(0.1摩尔)2-溴-N,N-二乙基乙胺氢溴酸盐加入反应混合液。在室温下混合液搅拌过夜。蒸干溶剂。将200毫升乙醇加入蒸干的混合物。过滤除去固体。蒸干滤液。将100毫升乙酸乙酯加入至反应混合物。加入100毫升己烷。过滤收集固体产物。干燥,得到36克预期产品(产率为75%)。易吸湿产品;元素分析:C26H42BrNO2;分子量:480.52。理论值%C:64.99;H:8.81;Br:16.63;N:2.91;0:6.66;实测值%C:65.03;H:8.80;Br:16.60;N:2.89;0:6.68。
实施方案
N,N-二乙氨基乙基13-顺式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐的制备
将32.2克(0.1摩尔)13-顺式-维生素A酸钠溶解于100毫升乙腈。把26.1克(0.1摩尔)2-溴-N,N-二乙基乙胺氢溴酸盐加入反应混合液。在室温下将混合液搅拌过夜。蒸干溶剂。将200毫升乙醇加入蒸干的混合物。过滤除去固体。蒸干滤液。将100毫升乙酸乙酯加入至反应混合物。加入100毫升己烷。过滤收集固体产物。干燥,得到38克预期产品(产率为79.1%)。易吸湿产品;元素分析:C26H42BrNO2;分子量:480.52。理论值%C:64.99;H:8.81;Br:16.63;N:2.91;0:6.66;实测值%C:65.03;H:8.80;Br:16.60;N:2.89;0:6.68。
N,N-二乙氨基乙基全-反式-维生素A酸酯氢溴酸盐的制备
将32.2克(0.1摩尔)全-反式-维生素A酸钠溶解于100毫升乙腈。把26.1克(0.1摩尔)2-溴-N,N-二乙基乙胺氢溴酸盐加入反应混合液。在室温下将混合液搅拌过夜。蒸干溶剂。将200毫升乙醇加入蒸干的混合物。过滤除去固体。蒸干滤液。将100毫升乙酸乙酯加入至反应混合物。加入100毫升己烷。过滤收集固体产物。干燥,得到35克预期产品(产率为72.9%)。易吸湿产品;元素分析:C26H42BrNO2;分子量:480.52。理论值%C:64.99;H:8.81;Br:16.63;N:2.91;0:6.66;实测值%C:65.03;H:8.80;Br:16.60;N:2.89;0:6.68。
N,N-二甲胺基乙酸视黄(维生素A)酯盐酸盐的制备
将28.6克(0.1摩尔)维生素A溶解于100毫升乙腈。25毫升三乙胺加入到该反应液中。16克N,N-二甲胺基乙酰氯盐酸盐加入反应混合液。在室温下将混合液搅拌5小时。过滤除去固体。蒸干滤液。将500毫升乙酸乙酯加入至剩余物中。在搅拌下向混合液中加入200毫升5%碳酸钠溶液。收集有机溶液并用水洗涤(蒸干后得到31克预期产品(产率为75.5%)。易吸湿产品;元素分析:C24H38ClNO2;分子量:408.02。理论值%C:70.65;H:9.39;Cl:8.69;N:3.43;0:7.84;实测值%C:70.60;H:9.46;C1:8.71;N:3.42;0:7.81。
N,N-二乙氨基乙基4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸酯盐酸盐的制备
将34.9克(0.1摩尔)4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸(蓓萨罗丁、塔革雷汀)溶解于300毫升氯仿。把20.6克(0.1摩尔)N,N′-二环己基碳酰亚胺加入到反应混合液。将11.6克二甲胺基乙醇加入到反应混合液中。混合液在室温下搅拌3小时。过滤除去固体。氯仿溶液用5%NaHCO3(2×100毫升)和水(3×100毫升)洗涤。有机溶液用无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤除去硫酸钠。在搅拌下将溶于100毫升乙醚中的3.6克HCl气体加入到反应混合液中。过滤收集固体产物。干燥后,得到40克预期产品(产率为85.8%)。易吸湿产品;元素分析:C30H42ClNO2;分子量:484.11。理论值%C:74.43;H:8.74;Cl:7.32;N:2.89;O:6.61;实测值%C:74.39;H:8.76;C1:7.29;N:2.91;O:6.65。
工业实用性
通式(1-27)“结构式1-27”表示的这些前药优于维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物。它们可以用于治疗人或动物的任何可用维生素A酸类及类维生素A酸化合物治疗的状态。它们可用于治疗痤疮,痤疮疤痕,牛皮癣,鱼鳞病,湿疹,角质化失调,癌前期病变,药物预防,疣,类肉状瘤病,治疗皮肤光致老化,预防皮肤光致老化,治疗慢性皮肤老化、脱发和各种癌症。
Claims (11)
1.由结构式26所表示的化合物,
其中,
R代表直链-(CH2)n-,其中n=1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
R1和R2各自独立时代表相同或不同的基团,选自H、1-12个碳原子的烷基、2-12个碳原子的烯基或炔基;或者共同代表-(CH2)n-,其中n=2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;
R3代表H;
X代表O、S或NH;
X1代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基、2-6个碳原子的烯基、2-6个碳原子的炔基或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X2代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基、2-6个碳原子的烯基、2-6个碳原子的炔基或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X3代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基、2-6个碳原子的烯基、2-6个碳原子的炔基或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X4代表H、OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基、2-6个碳原子的烯基、2-6个碳原子的炔基或1-6个碳原子的烷氧基;
R4代表OH、Cl、Br、F、I、NO2、CN、1-6个碳原子的烷基、1-6个碳原子的烷氧基、1-6个碳原子的全氟烷基、2-6个碳原子的烯基或2-6个碳原子的炔基;
T代表CH2=C、CH=CH或C(CH3)=CH;
A-代表Cl-、Br-、F-、I-、AcO-或柠檬酸根;
侧链上的双键可以是Z或E构型。
2.一种药物组合物,其包含至少一种如权利要求1所述的化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗人或动物中可用类维生素A酸的化合物治疗的状态的药物中的用途,其中所述药物的给药方式是透皮给药。
4.如权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述药物是溶液、喷剂、乳液、软膏、乳胶或凝胶剂型,其通过对身体任意部位透皮给药以达到治疗有效血浆浓度进行治疗。
5.如权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述药物的给药方式是在特定疾病区域外用给药。
6.一种透皮治疗应用产品,其包含如权利要求2所述的药物组合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的透皮治疗应用产品,其中该产品是绷带或贴片,其含有一包含活性物质的基质层和一非渗透的保护层。
8.如权利要求6所述的透皮治疗应用产品,其中该产品含有一活性物质储库,其含有一可渗透的面向皮肤的底部。
9.如权利要求6所述的透皮治疗应用产品,其中可通过控制释放速度,该产品可使类维生素A酸的化合物稳定在最佳治疗血药浓度从而提高疗效,增加疗效和减少类维生素A酸的化合物的副作用。
10.如权利要求7所述的透皮治疗应用产品,其中可通过控制释放速度,该产品可使类维生素A酸的化合物稳定在最佳治疗血药浓度从而提高疗效,增加疗效和减少类维生素A酸的化合物的副作用。
11.如权利要求8所述的透皮治疗应用产品,其中可通过控制释放速度,该产品可使类维生素A酸的化合物稳定在最佳治疗血药浓度从而提高疗效,增加疗效和减少类维生素A酸的化合物的副作用。
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CN202110941855.4A Active CN113636966B (zh) | 2007-01-15 | 2007-01-15 | 维生素a酸类和类维生素a酸化合物的前药 |
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US10372204B2 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2019-08-06 | Technology Against Als | Communication and control system and method |
WO2015109318A2 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Of The State Of Arizona, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Therapeutic methods |
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US10231947B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2019-03-19 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Isochroman compounds and methods of use thereof |
US10238626B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2019-03-26 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Therapeutic compounds |
US10238655B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2019-03-26 | Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Dihydroindene and tetrahydronaphthalene compounds |
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CN109503446A (zh) | 2019-03-22 |
WO2008087493A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
EP2125697A4 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
HK1222842A1 (zh) | 2017-07-14 |
CA2674822C (en) | 2017-08-01 |
CA2972344C (en) | 2021-10-26 |
PT2125697T (pt) | 2016-10-18 |
US20210196664A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
ES2596857T3 (es) | 2017-01-12 |
HUE031712T2 (en) | 2017-08-28 |
US11786497B2 (en) | 2023-10-17 |
CA2674822A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
CN101605754A (zh) | 2009-12-16 |
CN113636966B (zh) | 2024-01-12 |
CN107652212B (zh) | 2019-11-15 |
CN113636966A (zh) | 2021-11-12 |
US9193672B2 (en) | 2015-11-24 |
HK1137413A1 (zh) | 2010-07-30 |
JP2010515716A (ja) | 2010-05-13 |
DK2125697T3 (en) | 2016-11-14 |
EP3181132A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
US20240156770A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
US20160184253A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
US20100010084A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
US20170072060A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
CN107652212A (zh) | 2018-02-02 |
CN101605754B (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
JP5826459B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
EP2125697A1 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
PL2125697T3 (pl) | 2017-01-31 |
CA2972344A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
EP2125697B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
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