CN109270606B - Method for constructing dynamic multifocal super lens based on medium and graphene - Google Patents
Method for constructing dynamic multifocal super lens based on medium and graphene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于介质和石墨烯构造动态多焦点超透镜的方法。本发明步骤：(1)在0.7um～500um红外波长范围内，对不同波长入射光根据焦点与波长的位置关系，计算介质超表面上相位梯度分布；(2)对每种中心波长设计不同周期性结构,结合相位梯度分布和Pancharatnam‑Berry相位确定具体相位值；(3)设计确定高度的柱状结构作为介质超表面的基本单元,再设计相应具体实现结构和旋向；(4)在基底部分运用多层石墨烯来构成反射型聚焦透镜，并且通过改变石墨烯的费米能级来动态调节聚焦点的位置。本发明通过介质超表面和多层石墨烯结构实现动态多焦点反射透镜的效果，且具有高效率的聚焦功能和超宽带、动态可调、易于集成等优点。
The invention discloses a method for constructing a dynamic multi-focus superlens based on a medium and graphene. The steps of the invention are: (1) in the infrared wavelength range of 0.7um～500um, calculate the phase gradient distribution on the medium metasurface for incident light of different wavelengths according to the positional relationship between the focus and the wavelength; (2) design different periods for each central wavelength The specific phase value is determined by combining the phase gradient distribution and the Pancharatnam‑Berry phase; (3) The columnar structure with a certain height is designed as the basic unit of the dielectric metasurface, and then the corresponding specific realization structure and handedness are designed; (4) In the base part Multilayer graphene is used to form a reflective focusing lens, and the position of the focusing point is dynamically adjusted by changing the Fermi level of graphene. The invention realizes the effect of a dynamic multi-focus reflective lens through a medium metasurface and a multi-layer graphene structure, and has the advantages of high-efficiency focusing function, ultra-wideband, dynamic tunability, easy integration, and the like.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a method for constructing a dynamic multifocal super lens based on a medium and graphene, and belongs to the fields of geometric optics and micro-nano optics.
(II) background of the invention
The super-surface, as a sub-wavelength structure arranged on a two-dimensional surface, is rapidly developed due to its special function of locally changing the amplitude, polarization and phase of an incident beam. Lenses based on a super-surface design have also attracted a lot of attention, unlike conventional lenses, which are based on optical nanomaterials and are therefore relatively lightweight. When the sub-wavelength nanostructures of the hypersurface form a specific repeating pattern, they can mimic the complex curvature of refracted rays, but are less bulky and have improved ability to focus rays with reduced distortion. However, most of these nanostructured devices are static, thus limiting their functionality. Based on the research on the lens, the invention provides a dynamic multi-focus reflecting lens based on the lens principle by utilizing a multi-layer graphene substrate.
Through the design calculation of the super-surface structure, the multi-focus dynamically adjustable dielectric reflection super-lens based on the multilayer graphene is designed by utilizing the fashionable super-surface technology, the defects of the traditional optical element are overcome, and the multi-focus dynamically adjustable dielectric reflection super-lens has the advantages of ultrathin and ultralight property, two-dimensional plane, simple structure, wide function, capability of controlling all incident energy during focusing, better improvement of spatial resolution and micron-order thickness. The multi-focus dynamic focusing function has very wide application prospect in an integrated optical system. The micro-nano reflecting lens overcomes the defect that the focus is fixed after the structural design is completed, and the practicability of the reflecting focusing lens is greatly improved by dynamically adjusting the focusing position through adjusting the Fermi level of the graphene substrate.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a method for constructing a dynamic multifocal reflective super lens based on a medium and multilayer graphene, which has the advantages of simple and compact structure, easiness in integration and strong practicability.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
in the infrared wavelength working bandwidth of 0.7 um-500 um, firstly, according to the special regulation and control of the super surface to the light wave, the periodic super surface structure of the rotary oscillator responding to the incident light with different wavelengths is designed in a required period under different wavelengths;
step (2), for each central wavelength, calculating phase gradient distribution on the super surface of the medium according to a required focal point and a nano unit structure regulation phase mechanism, different focusing requirement formulas under different wavelengths and a lens aplanatism principle;
step (3), designing a columnar structure with determined height as a basic unit of the medium super surface, combining the obtained phase gradient distribution with a periodic structure of the medium super surface, and adjusting the spatial rotation angle of each unit structure according to the phase requirement of each basic unit and the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to obtain the required phase distribution;
step (4), reflecting incident light with high reflectivity by using multilayer graphene as a substrate, providing a required additional phase for the reflected light by changing the Fermi level of the graphene, realizing dynamic adjustment of the phase of the reflected light, and dynamically changing the focusing position of a focus under the condition of not changing the super-surface structure;
by reasonably designing the parameters of the unit structure, each columnar structure on the super-surface is equivalent to a half-wave phase shifter which can convert most of incident circularly polarized light into orthogonal polarization states thereof. After the left-handed circularly polarized incident electromagnetic wave interacts with the anisotropic super-structured surface structure, its reflected orthogonal polarization electromagnetic wave carries a converted phase portion (called Pancharatnam-Berry phase) containing the original spin phase without phase shift and with induced phase shift, this additional phase being ± 2 θ, where θ is the azimuth angle of the super-surface structure. Meanwhile, the multilayer graphene substrate also generates an additional phase for reflected light, and further tuning of the reflection phase of the original structure is realized.
The aplanatism principle of the lens in the step (2) is used for any focus F (x)1,y1,z1) The super-surface phase should satisfy:
One important point in the present invention that enables the planar beam to be focused after passing through the super-surface is that the reflected phase can contain a smooth change of 0-2 pi. The phase distribution is controlled by the rotation angle of the super-surface basic unit structure, so the key to focus or not is the analysis of the rotation angle of the unit structure.
Preferably, the method for constructing the dynamic multifocal superlens based on the medium and the graphene is characterized in that the wavelength range of the selected light wave is within an infrared wavelength range, the surface conductivity of the graphene is greatly influenced by chemical potential in the wavelength range according to the optical characteristics of the graphene, and when the chemical potential is increased, the surface conductivity is greatly increased, so that a larger reflectivity is provided for the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
Preferably, the method for constructing a dynamic multifocal superlens based on a medium and graphene is characterized in that the selected material of the columnar structure is characterized in that: the high dielectric constant and low loss in the working waveband include silicon nitride, phosphorized graft, titanium dioxide, silicon and the like.
Preferably, the method for constructing a dynamic multifocal superlens based on a medium and graphene is characterized in that the columnar structure in the step (3) includes a quadrilateral column, a triangular column, a hexagonal column, a column, an elliptic column and the like.
Has the advantages that: the invention makes full use of the different responses of the designed super-surface structure under different wave bands and the phase compensation characteristic of the high reflectivity of the substrate multi-layer graphene, so that under the condition of high transmission rate and high conversion rate of the super-surface, the light can be reflected out with high reflectivity when reaching the substrate, the problem of energy loss caused by using metal materials as the substrate of the prior reflection type focusing lens is solved, the conversion rate and the focusing efficiency of light waves are greatly improved, the focusing position of a focus can be dynamically adjusted by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, thereby forming a high-reflectivity, wide-band, focus-adjustable multifocal reflective lens which can be used for distance measurement of multiple objects, clear images can be formed at different focal lengths under different Fermi energy levels of the multi-layer graphene, and the purpose of dynamic ranging is achieved.
(IV) description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of right-handed circularly polarized light (RCP) reflected after left-handed circularly polarized Light (LCP) is incident on a multifocal reflective lens.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a left-hand circularly polarized light ray entering and passing through a designed reflective lens to form multiple focal spots on the same side as the entering side.
Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of an array of different structures on a multi-focus reflective lens, which respond to different wavelengths and correspond to different focuses, where w, l, and h respectively indicate the width, length, and height of the three structures.
Fig. 4 is a graph of simulated focal length values of graphene at different fermi levels at infrared wavelengths.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of multi-focus two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations formed after simulation of the overall structure using simulation software.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
A method for constructing a dynamic multifocal superlens based on a medium and graphene specifically comprises the following steps:
and (1) in the infrared wavelength working bandwidth of 0.7-500 um, according to the special modulation of the super-surface structure on the light wave, researching the super-surface structure and size capable of responding to different wave bands. Through the reasonable design of the unit structure, as shown in fig. 1, when left-handed circularly polarized waves (LCP) vertically enter a dielectric super-surface composed of a SiO2 dielectric layer, a multilayer graphene substrate and a unit structure with high dielectric constant and low loss at infrared wavelength, due to the polarization conversion characteristic and focusing characteristic of the designed super-surface structure and the high reflection characteristic of the multilayer graphene substrate, when light passes through the designed super-surface structure, light waves with two different polarization directions, namely right-handed circularly polarized waves (RCP) and left-handed circularly polarized waves (LCP), can be reflected and generated, and right-handed circularly polarized light opposite to the polarization state of the incident light is focused, and different focus points are generated for a plurality of wavelengths under the action of different periodic structures of the super-surface. The structures 1, 2, and 3 in fig. 3 form focuses in response to near-infrared, mid-infrared, and far-infrared bands, respectively. Responding to different bands means: the super-surface structures can respectively convert incident light into reflected light with the polarization state opposite to that of the incident light in different wavebands, each super-surface structure can only convert one waveband, and the mutual influence can be ignored.
And (2) calculating the phase distribution of the unit structure by utilizing the lens aplanatic principle according to the required focal position and arranging the unit structure according to the form of the figure 3. Each lens can produce a focus according to the focusing property of the lens, but when a plurality of sub-lenses are combined in one lens, each lens forms a focusing point corresponding to each wavelength, the geometric parameters of each lens structure are identical, but the spatial rotation angle is different, and each structure corresponds to one lens. The specific calculation of the phase-forming focal point for each structure on the lens is as follows:
firstly, the position of each focus point is determined, and then the aplanatism principle of the lens is applied
And calculating the phase distribution of the super-surface lens corresponding to each focus, namely the required rotation angle of each unit structure.
After determining the phases of the lenses corresponding to different wavelengths, the functions of the multifocal lens can be satisfied by only placing the three super-surface structures at corresponding positions and rotating the super-surface structures by corresponding angles, wherein Pancharatnam-Berry phases are utilized. Assuming that the electric field of incident circularly polarized light is expressed as:
wherein E is0And (r, theta) is the amplitude of the optical field, sigma is +/-1, and the sign represents left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light. The output light field of the super-surface is:
we note that the output light field circular polarization handedness is reversed and an additional phase is obtained:
φPB＝2σθ (5)
the column with the variation of the pointing angle space theta or the complementary structure thereof is a typical unit structure for constructing a geometric phase type super-structured surface device. The structure has anisotropy for different polarization states, so when circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are incident on the surface of the structure, the electromagnetic waves transmitted after interaction with the structure can excite electromagnetic waves with orthogonal polarization states besides the main polarized electromagnetic waves. And the electromagnetic wave in the orthogonal polarization state generates a phase jump related to the structure pointing angle, and the phase jump value is 2 sigma theta (sigma is 1). The parameters of the columnar structure are reasonably designed, so that the homopolar reflected wave can be minimized, and the cross polarization reflected wave can be maximized.
The three different cylindrical structures of the super-surface proposed by the present design as shown in fig. 3 include three lenslets represented by rectangular blocks. Note that: the different rectangular structures here merely represent several different sub-lenses, and the composition of the lenses is explained here, and does not mean that the unit structure of the super-surface here is necessarily a rectangular block. The columnar structure comprises a quadrilateral columnar structure, a triangular columnar structure, a hexagonal columnar structure, a columnar structure, an elliptic columnar structure and the like.
A left-handed circularly polarized Light (LCP) beam is incident on the dielectric subsurface, and responds to different wavelengths through different structures of the subsurface, and at the same time, due to reflection of the multi-layer graphene, the incident light forms three different focuses on the same side of the dielectric subsurface, as shown in fig. 2, three independent reflective focusing focuses are formed in three defined bands, and the focus position can be dynamically adjusted by adjusting the fermi level of the multi-layer graphene, and the relationship of the focal length varying with the fermi level of the multi-layer graphene is shown in fig. 4.
When the designed super-surface is incident by using left-handed circularly polarized light of a certain waveband, the numerical simulation figure 5 shows that only one focus is generated in reflected light, and the number of simulated focuses corresponding to the number of the incident wavebands is increased gradually, so that the feasibility of the designed multifocal dynamically adjustable reflecting lens is demonstrated from the theoretical angle.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
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| CN111913241B (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2024-06-11 | 三星电子株式会社 | Superlens and optical device comprising same |
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| CN110632684B (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-06-01 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Metasurface Sparse Aperture Lens |
| CN112068228B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-04-26 | 国家纳米科学中心 | Plane focusing lens device based on phonon polarized waves |
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| CN112505009A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Super surface lens and fluorescence signal collection system formed by same |
| CN112859230B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-11-25 | 成都第三象限未来科技有限公司 | Terahertz super-structure focusing lens for realizing one-way spin circular polarization state conversion |
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| CN113608282B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-04-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Six-pixel full-vector polarization information acquisition device based on full-medium super surface and application |
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| CN114280707B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-06-03 | 季华实验室 | A kind of fully polarized dielectric metalens and method of using the same |
| CN115024695A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 杭州纳境科技有限公司 | Super lens subassembly, optical system and wearable equipment |
| CN115421227B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-06-13 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Bionic antireflection film structure |
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| TWI649259B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2019-02-01 | 中央研究院 | Broadband super-optical device |
| CN108490509B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-11 | 武汉大学 | Dielectric geometric phase metasurface material with low aspect ratio and its structure optimization method |
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Effective date of registration: 20221021 Address after: No. 39, Hengtang Road, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 541004 Patentee after: GUILIN G-LINK TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1, Jinji Road, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patentee before: GUILIN University OF ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY |