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CN108947906B - 一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法 Download PDF

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CN108947906B
CN108947906B CN201810922123.9A CN201810922123A CN108947906B CN 108947906 B CN108947906 B CN 108947906B CN 201810922123 A CN201810922123 A CN 201810922123A CN 108947906 B CN108947906 B CN 108947906B
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曹国锐
矫鲁振
李延顺
高楠星
滕大为
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • C07D231/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D401/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07D405/02Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/04Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制备1,3,4,5‑四芳基取代吡唑的方法。该方法是在碱性催化剂作用下,苯并磺内酰胺和N‑芳基芳甲肼酰氯发生加成反应,利用偶极环加成串联脱SO2一步反应制备1,3,4,5‑四芳基取代吡唑。该方法反应步骤短,反应条件温和;反应底物投料比低,不会产生大量废弃物;反应区域选择性高,不会产生其他副产物,故反应收率高,产物结构中5位芳环上连有甲氨基,可被利用制备更多类型的吡唑衍生物。

Description

一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法。
背景技术
多芳基取代吡唑是一类重要的含氮五元杂环化合物,已被成功应用于医药领域、农用化学品、过渡金属催化剂配体及很好的荧光材料开发潜力;但目前为止有关多芳基取代吡唑化合物的合成方法报道很少,且普遍存在产物收率低,底物适用范围小,底物合成困难等缺点,大大限制了此类化合物的分子多样性。
目前,合成多芳基取代吡唑的传统方法主要是利用肼类化合物与1,3-二羰基化合物或α,β-不饱和羰基化合物之间的缩合反应(Murray,W.V.;Wachter,M.P.J.Heterocycl.Chem.1989,26,1389),反应式如下所示:
Figure BDA0001764505860000011
该方法存在底物适用范围小、且反应的区域选择性较差、通常会存在N1取代和N2取代的混合物。
2015年,T.Morita等人以3-碘代-1H-吡唑为底物,经过SNAr反应、偶联反应和C-H芳基化反应,共四步反应合成了具有四个不同芳基取代的吡唑化合物(T.Morita,D.Kobayashi,K.Matsumura,K.Johmoto,H.Uekusa,S.Fuse,T.Takahashi,Chem.AsianJ.2015,10,1626),反应式如下所示:
Figure BDA0001764505860000012
但是该方法中需使用贵金属钯催化剂,影响了反应的经济性,同时该方法路线较长,造成产品收率较低。
综上所述,提供一种反应条件温和、区域选择性高、产品收率高及合成路线简单的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的制备方法,具有重要意义。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的制备方法需要加热、区域选择性低、产品收率低及合成路线比较复杂的问题,本发明提供了一种方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法,在碱性催化剂作用下,具有式(Ⅰ)结构的苯并磺内酰胺和具有式(Ⅱ)结构的N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯发生加成反应,生成具有式(Ⅲ)结构的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑;具体的反应路线如下所示:
Figure BDA0001764505860000021
其中,Ar为2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4吡啶基、2-呋喃基、苯基或C1-C4烷基取代苯基、氟取代苯基、氯取代苯基、溴取代苯基或甲氧基取代苯基;R1为氢、C1-C4烷基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲氧基、硝基或氰基;R2为氢、C1-C4烷基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲氧基、硝基或氰基。
作为优选,所述碱性催化剂选自三甲胺、三乙胺、二异丙基甲胺、二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、三亚乙基二胺或二氮杂二环的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述加成反应在非质子有机溶剂中进行,所述非质子有机溶剂选自苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氢呋喃一种或几种。
作为优选,所述苯并磺内酰胺、N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯与碱性催化剂之间的摩尔比为1:1:1~1:1.5:5。
作为优选,所述加成反应的反应条件为,反应温度为反0-40℃,反应时间为1.0-12.0。
本发明的另一个发明目的,本发明还提供了一种上述方法制备的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑化合物。
与现有技术中的制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法相比,本发明存在以下优点:(一)反应步骤简短,利用偶极环加成串联脱SO2一步反应制备四芳基取代吡唑化合物;(二)反应条件温和,在室温条件下较短时间内即可完成,无需加热,同时反应两个底物投料比低,不会产生大量废弃物;(三)底物稳定性强,反应过程中不会发生自身反应,同时反应区域选择性高,不会产生其他副产物,故反应收率高,生成产物专一,使得产物分离方便;(四)产物结构中5位芳环上连有甲氨基,可被利用制备更多类型的吡唑衍生物。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明当中。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明提供的制备方法中,还包括对产物进行纯化的步骤。具体地,包括对产物进行分液、洗涤或干燥步骤。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1
在反应瓶中投入0.25毫摩尔苯并磺内酰胺,0.25毫摩尔N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯和1毫升二氯甲烷,10℃搅拌五分钟,然后将0.25毫摩尔三乙胺的苯1,2-二氯乙烷溶液于1小时内滴加入反应液中,滴加完毕后于25℃下反应6.5小时,除去溶剂后直接柱层析分离得到纯产物1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑。
实施例2
在反应瓶中投入1毫摩尔苯并磺内酰胺,1.5毫摩尔N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯和1毫升邻二甲苯和间二甲苯,10℃搅拌五分钟,然后将5毫摩尔三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液于1小时内滴加入反应液中,滴加完毕后于40℃下反应1小时,向反应溶液中加入饱和氯化铵溶液,分相,有机相经饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析制得纯产物1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑。
实施例3
在反应瓶中投入1毫摩尔苯并磺内酰胺,1.25毫摩尔N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯和1毫升四氢呋喃,10℃搅拌五分钟,然后将3毫摩尔二异丙基甲胺的二氯甲烷溶液于1小时内滴加入反应液中,滴加完毕后于10℃下反应12小时,向反应溶液中加入饱和氯化铵溶液,分相,有机相经饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析制得纯产物1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑。
实施例4
在反应瓶中投入1毫摩尔苯并磺内酰胺,1.5毫摩尔N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯和1毫升二氯甲烷,10℃搅拌五分钟,然后将5毫摩尔二异丙基乙胺和吡啶的二氯甲烷溶液于1小时内滴加入反应液中,滴加完毕后于40℃下反应1小时,向反应溶液中加入饱和氯化铵溶液,分相,有机相经饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,柱层析制得纯产物1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑。部分具有式(Ⅲ)结构的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑结构及其各自对应的产率如表1所示:
Figure BDA0001764505860000041
表1部分1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑化合物的结构及其产率
序号 1的Ar 2的R<sup>1</sup> 2的R<sup>2</sup> 产率(%)
1 4-吡啶基 74
2 2-呋喃基 72
3 4-氟苯基 82
4 4-氯苯基 85
5 4-溴苯基 90
6 4-甲基苯基 82
7 4-甲氧基苯基 81
8 2-甲基苯基 76
9 3-甲基苯基 79
10 苯基 4-氯 71
11 苯基 4-甲基 4-氯 85
12 苯基 4-硝基 74
13 苯基 4-甲基 4-硝基 88
14 苯基 2-氟 80
15 苯基 2-氟 4-氯 86
16 苯基 2-甲基 83
17 苯基 2-甲基 4-氯 87
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种制备1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑的方法,其特征在于,在碱性催化剂作用下,具有式(Ⅰ)结构的苯并磺内酰胺和具有式(Ⅱ)结构的N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯发生加成反应,生成具有式(Ⅲ)结构的1,3,4,5-四芳基取代吡唑;反应温度为0-40℃,反应时间为1.0-12.0h;
Figure 670468DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Figure 587608DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 367345DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
其中, Ar为2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基、4-吡啶基、2-呋喃基、苯基或C1-C4烷基取代苯基、氟取代苯基、氯取代苯基、溴取代苯基或甲氧基取代苯基; R1为氢、C1-C4烷基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲氧基、硝基或氰基;R2为氢、C1-C4烷基、氟基、氯基、溴基、甲氧基、硝基或氰基;所述碱性催化剂选自三甲胺、三乙胺、二异丙基甲胺、二异丙基乙胺、三亚乙基二胺或二氮杂二环的一种或几种。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加成反应在非质子有机溶剂中进行,所述非质子有机溶剂选自苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷或四氢呋喃一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述苯并磺内酰胺、N-芳基芳甲肼酰氯与碱性催化剂之间的摩尔比为1:1:1~1:1.5:5。
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