CN108814696B - A kind of rotatable flexible intramedullary nail to match with shin bone radian - Google Patents

Abstract

A rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia belongs to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices and is used for conveniently placing it into the tibial medullary cavity. Its technical scheme is: the main body of the intramedullary nail has a curved radian, and the curved radian matches the curved radian of the middle and lower parts of the tibia; the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail is connected with the rotating head; The connecting rod of the rotating head is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylindrical body of the rotating head matches the diameter of the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail, the lower end of the rotating head has a rotating hole, and the rotating hole has an included angle with the central axis of the rotating head cylinder. The angle is equal to the inclination angle between the main body of the intramedullary nail and the vertical direction, the rotating hole is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the rotating hole and the connecting rod are in rotation fit. In the present invention, the rotating head is arranged at the proximal end of the intramedullary nail, so that the intramedullary nail conforms to the anatomical curve of the proximal end of the tibia and the main body of the tibia at the same time, and can ensure the smooth insertion of the intramedullary nail, and the insertion of the intramedullary nail is not caused by the radian of the proximal end of the tibia. difficulty.

Description

A rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia

technical field

The invention relates to an intramedullary nail for treating tibial fractures, belonging to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices.

Background technique

Tibial fracture is a common disease in orthopedic surgery, and it has shown an increasing trend in recent years, and the medical community has paid more attention to the treatment of tibial fracture. Compression plate internal fixation, external fixation frame, and tibial intramedullary nail are all common methods for clinical treatment of tibial fractures. Internal fixation with compression plates has the advantages of firm fixation and easy operation, but this method requires extensive stripping of the periosteum, causing greater damage to soft tissues, and is prone to cause various complications, affecting postoperative recovery of patients; the operation of external fixators is simple but Insufficient fixation is easy to occur, and external fixation needles are prone to needle tract infection and other problems; while tibial intramedullary nail fixation is more in line with the principles of human biomechanics, can effectively avoid damage to soft tissue and periosteum, and is conducive to the formation of callus at the broken bone. It can promote fracture healing, and has the advantages of light soft tissue damage, minimal invasiveness, reliable fixation, short operation time, quick functional recovery, and early postoperative rehabilitation exercise. The currently used tibial intramedullary curvature is opposite to that of the tibial bone. This problem has not been resolved so far, and it has become a chronic problem in the treatment of tibial fractures with intramedullary nailing. Specifically, the proximal end of the traditional intramedullary nail currently in use is curved forward, so that the intramedullary nail can be easily inserted from the tibial tuberosity, so that the intramedullary nail can be smoothly inserted into the cavity of the tibia. However, the proximal end of the tibia is in a state of backward bending opposite to the curvature of the tibial intramedullary nail, resulting in that when the intramedullary nail is inserted from the proximal end of the tibia, after the intramedullary nail is in place, the bending arc of the proximal end of the intramedullary nail is in line with that of the tibia. The curvature of the proximal end is opposite, which cannot be matched with the proximal end of the tibia, and does not conform to the mechanical characteristics of the tibia. However, if the proximal end of the intramedullary nail is bent in the same direction as the proximal end of the tibia before insertion, it will be difficult to be inserted into the tibia. This situation makes it difficult to insert the intramedullary nail, and the intramedullary nail cannot be successfully inserted into the tibial medullary cavity, which not only prolongs the operation time, but also directly affects the operation effect, which urgently needs to be solved by medical and technical personnel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rotatable elastic intramedullary nail that matches the radian of the tibia, the nail body and the proximal end of the intramedullary nail can match the curvature of the tibial cavity and the proximal end of the tibia respectively , in line with the anatomical radian of the tibia, it can ensure the smooth insertion of the intramedullary nail when inserting the intramedullary nail, and it is not difficult to insert the intramedullary nail due to the different physiological curvature of the tibia, while retaining the soft tissue damage caused by the traditional intramedullary nail Light, minimally invasive, reliable fixation, short operation time and other advantages.

The technical solution for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is:

A rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, which includes a main body of the intramedullary nail and a rotating head. The upper end of the rotating head is connected with the rotating head. There is a vertical connecting rod on the upper surface of the main body of the intramedullary nail. The rotating head is a cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder of the rotating head matches the diameter of the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail. There is a rotating hole on the end face, and the rotating hole is upward from the lower end of the rotating head. There is an included angle between the rotating hole and the central axis of the rotating head cylinder, and the included angle is equal to the inclination angle between the main body of the intramedullary nail and the vertical direction. The inner diameter of the rotating hole of the rotating head is the same as The outer diameter of the connecting rod on the top surface of the main body of the intramedullary nail matches, the rotating hole is sleeved on the connecting rod, and the rotating hole and the connecting rod are in rotation fit.

For the rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, there is a tightening screw hole on the side wall of the rotating head. The screw hole is tightly connected with the connecting rod at the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail.

For the rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, the upper and lower parts of the main body of the intramedullary nail have multiple elastic grooves surrounding the circumference of the main body of the intramedullary nail, and the length of each elastic groove is 1/4-1 /2 The circumferential length of the main body of the intramedullary nail, the cross section of the elastic groove is wedge-shaped, the elastic groove and the axis of the main body of the intramedullary nail form an angle of 60-80 degrees, and the upper and lower parts of the main body of the intramedullary nail are elastic. The grooves are respectively 3-5 circles, and the 3-5 circles of elastic grooves are parallel and staggered around the circumference of the main body of the intramedullary nail.

The above-mentioned rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, the main body of the intramedullary nail is a hollow intramedullary nail, and there are tension holes on the opposite side walls of the upper and lower parts of the main body of the intramedullary nail respectively, and the tensioning steel cables Located in the main body of the intramedullary nail, the two ends of the tensioning steel cable are respectively connected with screw rods, and the screw rods respectively pass through tension holes on the upper and lower side walls of the main body of the intramedullary nail and are tensioned and fixed by nuts.

For the rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, there are two tensioning steel cables, and the two tensioning steel cables are arranged crosswise in the cavity of the main body of the intramedullary nail respectively. The two ends are respectively on opposite sides of the main body of the intramedullary nail.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The proximal end of the intramedullary nail of the present invention is provided with a rotatable rotating head. When the intramedullary nail is inserted, the bending direction of the rotating head is consistent with the bending direction of the tibia. The same bending direction at the proximal end makes the intramedullary nail form a three-dimensional S-shaped structure, which is more in line with the anatomical radian of the tibia; the circumference of the main body of the intramedullary nail has multiple elastic grooves, which can well disperse the stress; Two tensioning cables are installed, and the tensioning cables generate tension, which can increase the strength of the intramedullary nail.

The invention is the first of the intramedullary nails, which solves the problem of difficulty in placing the traditional intramedullary nails due to the fact that the bending direction of the proximal end of the tibia is opposite to that of the main body of the tibia. The inner nail conforms to the anatomical curve of the proximal tibia and the main body of the tibia at the same time, and can ensure the smooth placement of the intramedullary nail. Minimally invasive, reliable fixation, short operation time and other advantages.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of rotating head;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotating state of the rotating head.

The markings in the figure are as follows: intramedullary nail main body 1, rotating head 2, connecting rod 3, rotating hole 4, jacking screw hole 5, elastic groove 6, tensioning hole 7, tensioning steel cable 8, screw rod 9, and nut 10.

Detailed ways

The present invention consists of an intramedullary nail main body 1 and a rotating head 2 .

The figure shows that the tibia has a curved arc in the length direction, and the curved arc is not only in one plane. The projection of the curved arc of the tibia in two perpendicularly intersecting planes in space is S-shaped, that is, it presents a three-dimensional shape in space. S-shaped, so the intramedullary nail placed in the tibia 11 medullary cavity should also be consistent with the curvature of the tibia, and the intramedullary nail should also be a three-dimensional S-shaped.

The figure shows that the S-shape of the intramedullary nail is divided into two parts, one part is that the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail has a curved arc, which matches the curved arc of the middle and lower parts of the tibia, and the other part is the bending direction of the proximal end of the intramedullary nail It should correspond to the curvature of the proximal end of the tibia, so that the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail and the proximal end of the intramedullary nail are not only curved in an S-shape, but also not in the same spatial plane. If the intramedullary nail adopts such a shape, it will be very difficult to insert into the tibia. Therefore, the present invention improves the proximal end of the intramedullary nail into a rotatable rotating head 2 to facilitate insertion into the tibia.

The figure shows that the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail 1 is connected with the rotating head 2, and there is a connecting rod 3 in the vertical direction on the top surface of the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail. The rotating head 2 is a cylinder, and the cylinder of the rotating head 2 The diameter matches the diameter of the upper end of the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail. The lower end surface of the rotating head 2 has a rotating hole 4. The rotating hole 4 faces upward from the lower end of the rotating head 2. The rotating hole 2 has an included angle with the central axis of the rotating head 2 cylinder. The included angle is equal to the inclination angle between the main body of the intramedullary nail 1 and the vertical direction, the inner diameter of the rotating hole 4 of the rotating head 2 matches the outer diameter of the connecting rod 3 on the top surface of the main body of the intramedullary nail 1, and the rotating hole 4 is set on the connecting rod 3 , The rotating hole 4 and the connecting rod 3 are in rotation fit.

With such a structure, when the intramedullary nail is inserted, the central axis of the rotating head 2 cylinder is rotated to the same direction as the upper end of the intramedullary nail main body 1, and the bending direction of the rotating head 2 and the intramedullary nail main body 1 are consistent, which is very easy. Easy access through tibial opening. After the main body of the intramedullary nail 1 is put in place, the rotating head 2 should also enter the tibial medullary cavity, and the cylinder of the rotating head 2 is rotated to the same direction as the proximal end of the tibia, so that the whole intramedullary nail and the tibia 11 can be bent The arc is consistent.

As shown in the figure, there is a tightening screw hole 5 on the side wall of the rotating head 2, and the tightening screw hole 5 communicates with the rotating hole 4 of the rotating head 2 through the side wall of the rotating head 2. After the rotating head 2 is rotated in place, the tightening bolt is passed through the tightening screw hole 5 and tightly connected with the connecting rod 3 on the upper end of the intramedullary nail main body 1, so that the rotating head 2 and the intramedullary nail main body 1 are fixed.

The figure shows that the upper part and the lower part of the intramedullary nail main body 1 have multiple elastic grooves 6 surrounding the circumference of the intramedullary nail main body 1, and the length of each elastic groove 6 is 1/4-1/2 of the circumference of the intramedullary nail main body. length, the groove body section of the elastic groove 6 is wedge-shaped, the elastic groove 6 and the axis of the length direction of the intramedullary nail main body 1 form an included angle of 60-80 degrees, and the multiple elastic grooves 6 on the upper and lower parts of the intramedullary nail main body 1 are respectively 3-5 circles, 3-5 circles of the elastic groove 6 parallel to the circumference of the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail. The elastic groove 1 can well disperse stress and make the intramedullary nail have good elasticity.

As shown in the figure, when the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail is a hollow intramedullary nail, in order to increase the strength of the intramedullary nail, a tensioning steel cable 8 is arranged in the cavity of the intramedullary nail. The specific structure is that there are 7 tension holes on the opposite side walls of the upper and lower parts of the intramedullary nail main body 1, the tension steel cable 8 is located in the intramedullary nail main body 1, and the two ends of the tension steel cable 8 are respectively connected with screw rods. 9. The screw rods 9 respectively pass through the tension holes 7 on the upper and lower side walls of the intramedullary nail main body 1 and are tensioned and fixed by the nuts 10 to increase the strength of the intramedullary nail.

As shown in the figure, there are two tensioning steel cables 8, and the two tensioning steel cables 8 are arranged crosswise in the cavity of the intramedullary nail main body 1 respectively, and the two ends of the two tensioning steel cables 8 are respectively connected to the main body of the intramedullary nail. 1 on opposite sides. The tensioning steel cable 8 is installed before the intramedullary nail leaves the factory. The screw rods 9 at both ends of the tensioning steel cable 8 are respectively passed through the tensioning holes 7 on the upper and lower side walls of the intramedullary nail main body 1, and the nuts 10 are screwed on. The screw 9 is tightened and pressurized to make the tension steel cable 8 generate tension. After the tension reaches a certain level, the exposed screw 9 and nut 10 are polished to be flush with the outer wall of the main body 1 of the intramedullary nail, and polished to reduce the resistance during insertion. .

In one embodiment of the present invention, the tension cable 8 has a diameter of 2 mm.

Claims (5)

1. A rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia, characterized in that it includes the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) and the rotating head (2), the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) has a curved arc, and the curved arc Matching the curvature of the middle and lower parts of the tibia, the upper end of the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) is connected with the rotating head (2), and there is a vertical connecting rod (3) on the top surface of the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) , the rotating head (2) is a cylinder, the diameter of the cylindrical body of the rotating head (2) matches the diameter of the upper end of the intramedullary nail main body (1), the lower end of the rotating head (2) has a rotating hole (4), and the rotating hole ( 4) Looking upward from the lower end of the rotating head (2), there is an angle between the rotating hole (4) and the central axis of the cylinder of the rotating head (2), and the included angle is equal to the inclination angle between the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) and the vertical direction, The inner diameter of the rotating hole (4) of the rotating head (2) matches the outer diameter of the connecting rod (3) on the top surface of the intramedullary nail main body (1), the rotating hole (4) is set on the connecting rod (3), and the rotating hole (4) is rotationally matched with the connecting rod (3). 2. The rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia according to claim 1, characterized in that: there is a tightening screw hole (5) on the side wall of the rotating head (2), and the tightening screw hole (5) The side wall of the rotating head (2) communicates with the rotating hole (4), and the tightening bolt passes through the tightening screw hole (5) and is tightly connected with the connecting rod (3) at the upper end of the intramedullary nail body (1) . 3. The rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper and lower parts of the intramedullary nail main body (1) respectively have a plurality of rings surrounding the intramedullary nail main body (1 ) circumferential elastic grooves (6), the length of each elastic groove (6) is 1/4-1/2 the circumference length of the intramedullary nail main body (1), the groove body section of the elastic groove (6) is wedge-shaped, elastic The groove (6) forms an included angle of 60-80 degrees with the axis of the length direction of the intramedullary nail main body (1), and the multiple elastic grooves (6) on the upper and lower parts of the intramedullary nail main body (1) are respectively 3-5 circles, 3-5 circles of elastic grooves (6) surround the circumference of the main body (1) of the intramedullary nail in parallel. 4. The rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the tibial radian according to claim 1, characterized in that: the intramedullary nail main body 1) is a hollow intramedullary nail, on the upper part of the intramedullary nail main body (1) There are tensioning holes (7) on the opposite side walls of the lower part respectively, the tensioning steel cable (8) is located in the main body (1) of the intramedullary nail, and the two ends of the tensioning steel cable (8) are respectively connected with screw rods (9), The screw rods (9) respectively pass through the tension holes (7) on the upper and lower side walls of the intramedullary nail main body (1) and are tensioned and fixed by the nuts (10). 5. The rotatable elastic intramedullary nail matching the radian of the tibia according to claim 4, characterized in that: there are two tensioning steel cables (8), and the two tensioning steel cables (8) are respectively in the The cavity of the main body of the intramedullary nail (1) is arranged crosswise, and the two ends of the tensioning steel cable (8) are respectively on opposite sides of the main body of the intramedullary nail (1).