CN108738319B - 用于抗血管生成治疗或预防的化合物 - Google Patents
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- CN108738319B CN108738319B CN201680066580.1A CN201680066580A CN108738319B CN 108738319 B CN108738319 B CN 108738319B CN 201680066580 A CN201680066580 A CN 201680066580A CN 108738319 B CN108738319 B CN 108738319B
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Abstract
本文描述了抗血管生成治疗或预防纤维化的方法以及在这些方法中使用的化合物,所述抗血管生成治疗例如:对眼部新生血管形成或癌症的治疗,对通透性过高疾病的治疗,对神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病的治疗,对疼痛的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗血管生成治疗以及用于抗血管生成治疗的化合物,特别是以新生血管形成为特征的病症的抗血管生成治疗,例如,老年性黄斑变性和癌症。
本发明还涉及对通透性过高疾病的治疗以及在治疗通透性过高疾病中使用的化合物。
本发明还涉及对神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病的治疗以及在治疗神经性疾病以及神经退行性疾病(例如,阿尔兹海默病)中使用的化合物。
本发明还涉及对疼痛的治疗以及在治疗疼痛中使用的化合物。
本发明还涉及治疗或预防纤维化(例如,特发性肺纤维化)的方法以及在这些方法中使用的化合物。
背景技术
老年性黄斑变性(AMD)是一种导致视觉损失的疾病,其影响黄斑的中心区域,所述老年性黄斑变性是超过50岁的人失明的主要原因(Bressler,2004)。渗出性AMD是AMD中最严重的形式(Ferris等人,1984),其主要由黄斑下方的脉络膜循环引起并且特征为脉络膜新生血管形成(CNV)。CNV是新血管由脉络膜至视网膜色素上皮(RPE)的异常生长(Patz等人,1997),其被认为由于RPE下方的血液和浆液的渗漏而引起视觉损失,这样的渗漏最终引起光感受器损失、视网膜脱离和密集的黄斑疤痕(Fine等人,2000;Campochiaro等人,2006)。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是血管生成和血管渗漏的关键因子(Dvorak等人,1995),其在CNV发展的过程中被上调(D’Amore,1994;Spilsbury等人,2000;Anderson等人,2002;Das等人,2003)并且已成为治疗渗出性AMD的关键性治疗靶点。
VEGF是复合基因,其选择性地剪接形成多个同等型的家族(Leung等人,1989;Jingjing等人,1999),每个同等型在生物性质、活性和功能方面不同(Houck等人,1991)。大多数细胞通常表达同等型VEGF121,VEGF165和VEGF189,而VEGF145和VEGF206是相对罕见的。大多数VEGF同等型(VEGF111除外(Mineur等人,2007))包含外显子1-5,除编码硫酸肝素(HS)结合域的外显子6和7的不同部分之外。
2002年,从近端剪接位点(PSS)至远端剪接位点(DSS)的66个碱基的下游显示出第八外显子的差异剪接(Bates等人,2002;Woolard等人,2004)。在该区域的选择性剪接产生第二家族同等型(VEGFxxxb),值得注意的是它们的抗血管生成性质(Perrin等人,2005)。WO03/012105(其全部内容通过引用并入本文)公开了选择性剪接的同等型和它们的治疗意义。
在病理性血管生成过程中,促血管生成同等型被选择性上调(Bates等人,2002;Varey等人,2008;Pritchard-Jones等人,2007),这表明VEGFxxx和VEGFxxxb可能具有各自的调节性通路。这些抗-血管生成同等型(例如,VEGF165b和VEGF121b)已在视网膜和脉络膜新生血管形成的动物模型中表现出在眼内注射之后有效抗血管生成(Hua等人,2008),并且产生内皮细胞和视网膜上皮细胞的细胞保护作用(Magnussen等人,2010)。
2004年12月,FDA批准的用于新生血管AMD治疗的首个疗法是VEGF165,VEGF189和VEGF206特异性适体,哌加他尼钠(Pegaptanib Sodium(Macugen))。在临床试验过程中,哌加他尼以剂量依赖的方式降低了严重视力损失的风险并且减缓了新生血管AMD的进展,但是未能使视力产生显著改善。2006年,FDA批准了兰尼单抗(Ranibizumab(Lucentis),一种新型人源化抗-VEGF抗体片段)用于治疗新生血管AMD。FDA对兰尼单抗的批准是基于如下三个临床试验结果:采用Lucentis(0.5mg)每月进行治疗的大约95%的患者维持视敏度(定义为降低小于15个字母)并且治疗一年之后与假性治疗对照组中11%的患者视力改善相比≤40%的患者产生视力改善(定义为增加大于等于15个字母)(Rosenfeld等人,2006;Brown等人,2006;Brown等人,2009)。目前的治疗方案要求每月一次通过眼内注射给药Lucentis(Brown等人,2009;Schmidt-Erfuth等人,2011)。这种眼内注射导致眼内压力增大(Good等人,2010)并且产生眼内炎风险(尽管很小)和其他严重的副作用(Jager等人,2004)。而且,贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab,(安维汀(Avastin)),其是从Lucentis衍生得到抗-VEGF抗体),已显示出以相同的效力结合VEGF165b和VEGF165,因此,贝伐珠单抗靶向促血管生成VEGF同等型和抗-血管生成VEGF同等型(Varey等人,2008)。
因为VEGF的抗-血管生成同等型和血管生成同等型均衍生自相同的基因,所以,对同等型家族的控制是对选择性剪接的控制的结果。我们最近已识别了控制近端剪接位点处的VEGF的剪接的一些通路,这涉及RNA结合蛋白SRSF1(Nowak等人,2008;Amin等人,2011)及其激酶SRPK1(Sanford等人,2005),其作为由细胞决定使用近端剪接位点的关键要求并因此产生VEGF的促血管生成同等型(Nowak等人,2008;Nowak等人,2010)。SRPK1的敲除有效降低了肿瘤内VEGF介导的体内血管生成并且SRPK1和SRPK2的抑制降低了体内血管生成(Amin等人,2011)。
WO2008/110777,WO2009/106855,WO2010/058227和WO2011/148200(其公开的内容通过引用并入本文)公开了引导有助于VEGFxxxb同等型的表达的试剂的治疗用途和其他生理学用途。SRPK抑制剂原则上可构成这些试剂。
WO2005/063293公开了一类SRPK抑制剂,其包括SRPIN340及其衍生物和类似物。
WO2014/060763公开了靶向SRPK1的SRPK抑制剂,其特别用作抗-血管生成试剂,神经保护试剂、用于治疗或预防通透性过高疾病的试剂,用作治疗疼痛的试剂,用作降低先兆子痫风险或治疗先兆子痫的试剂。
用于引导VEGFxxxb同等型的表达的试剂的研发不仅仅代表了例如新生血管AMD治疗的新领域,而且还代表了涉及VEGFxxxb的所有其他疾病的治疗领域。
本发明部分基于靶向SRPK1的新的小分子抑制剂,其特别用作抗-血管生成试剂、神经保护试剂、用于治疗或预防通透性过高疾病的试剂,作为治疗疼痛的制剂以及用于治疗或预防纤维化的试剂。
本发明还至少部分基于如下意想不到的发现:这些低分子量化合物可局部用于抑制CNV恶化。
发明内容
第一方面,本发明提供用于治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成的通式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药;
其中:
R1是CF3,氢,甲基,CHF2,Cl,或环丙基;并且
R2是甲基,5元或6元芳香杂环,苯基,或稠合的芳香杂环,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R3是5元芳香杂环,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;或者
R2是甲基,6元芳香杂环,苯基,或稠合的芳香杂环,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R3是稠合的芳香杂环,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。
本发明还提供用于治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成的通式(Ia)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药;
其中:
R1是CF3,氢,甲基,CHF2,Cl,或环丙基;
R2是甲基,5元或6元芳香杂环,苯基或稠合的芳香杂环,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R4是氢,或C1-6烷基基团,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;
W是CH,O,N或S;
X是C或N;
Y是CH,O,N或S;并且
Z是CH,N或S。
为了避免混淆,代表5元芳香杂环,在如上所限定的范围内,只要5元杂环保持芳香性并且电荷维持中性,该5元芳香杂环的W,X,Y和Z位置具有任何取代类型,并且每个原子具有完全化合价,在没有指明任何碳原子的取代基的情况下采用氢使化合价完整。应当理解的是,该定义仅仅适用于通式(Ia)的中性化合物,通式(Ia)对应的盐可能在该5元芳香杂环上产生正电荷。
本发明的第一方面还提供通过向有此治疗需求的受治者给药通式(I)的化合物或通式(Ia)的化合物来治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成的方法以及通式(I)的化合物或通式(Ia)的化合物在制备用于治疗或预防(例如,局部治疗)眼部新生血管形成的药物中的应用。
通式(I)或通式(Ia)的这些化合物及其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药是新的,并且化合物本身(以及它们在本文所述的治疗中的应用)构成本发明的又一方面。
因此,在第二方面,本发明提供通式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药。
本发明还提供通式(Ia)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药。
意外地并且从现有技术中无法预见的是,本发明使用的化合物能够有效治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成或局部治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成。
包含新化合物的药物组合物以及新化合物和包含该新化合物的药物组合物在抗-血管生成治疗(包括治疗和预防特征为异常或过量血管生成的失调和疾病)方面、治疗通透性过高疾病方面、治疗神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病方面、治疗非炎性疼痛方面和治疗或预防纤维化的方法中的应用构成本发明的再一方面。
因此,本发明还提供:(i)治疗或预防本文所述的特征为异常或过量血管生成的失调和疾病的方法;(ii)治疗或预防本文所述的通透性过高疾病的方法;(iii)治疗或预防本文所述的神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病的方法;(iv)治疗或预防非炎性疼痛的方法;和(v)治疗或预防纤维化的方法,所述方法包括将通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物给药于有此需要的患者。
本文具体提到的下文所讨论的通式(I)或通式(Ia)的具体化合物以及通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物的优选的或示例性的亚类在本发明中使用。
本文所提到的通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物的实例包括其中R1是CF3或Cl的那些化合物。
本文具体提到的化合物是其中R2是5元或6元芳香杂环的那些化合物,其中,所述5元或6元芳香杂环例如:含氧5元或6元杂芳基基团或含氮5元或6元杂芳基基团,例如,呋喃基,吡咯基,恶唑基,异恶唑基,三唑基,恶二唑基,吡唑基,噻唑基,咪唑基或吡啶基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。在一些实施例中,R2是呋喃-2-基或吡啶-2-基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基,例如,呋喃-2-基带有四氢吡喃取代基或吡啶取代基。在一些实施例中,R2可以是带有2-吡啶取代基的呋喃-2-基。
在一些实施方式中,R2是稠合的芳香杂环,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。例如,R2可以是吲哚基,异吲哚基,苯并恶唑基,苯并咪唑基,香豆素基,喹啉基或异喹啉基。
在一些实施例中,R2选自下列基团:
上述基团中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。
本文具体提到的通式(I)的化合物是通式(I)的R3是5元芳香杂环的那些化合物,所述5元芳香杂环例如:含氧5元杂芳基基团或含氮5元杂芳基基团,它们中的每一个可包含一个或多个额外的杂原子。例如,通式(I)的R3可以是呋喃基,吡咯基,恶唑基,异恶唑基,三唑基,恶二唑基,吡唑基,噻唑基或咪唑基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。
本文具体提到的通式(I)的化合物是由通式(Ia)表示的那些化合物。具体而言,通式(Ia)的化合物包括其中Z=CH或N的那些化合物。通式(Ia)的其他具体提到的化合物是其中X=C的那些化合物。通式(Ia)的其他具体提到的化合物是其中X=N的那些化合物。应当理解的是,W,X,Y或Z中的任一个为C或CH时,剩余位置中的至少一个其他位置包含O,N或S,以维持环的杂原子特性。例如,本文具体提到的化合物是通式(Ia)中所选择的W,X,Y和Z使5元芳香杂环选自下列基团的那些化合物:
在这些化合物中,R4可以是氢或甲基,所述甲基可任选地具有取代基。例如,R4可以是被苯基或本文所述的5元或6元芳香杂环取代的甲基。
本文具体提到的化合物是通式(Ia)中R1是CF3或Cl,R2是5元或6元芳香杂环,R4是氢或甲基并且Z=CH或N的那些化合物。
本文具体提到的通式(I)的化合物是如下那些化合物,其中:
R1是CF3,氢,甲基,CHF2,Cl或环丙基;
R2是甲基,6元芳香杂环,苯基或稠合的芳香杂环,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;以及
R3是稠合的芳香杂环,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基。
在这些化合物中,本文具体提到的通式(I)的化合物是其中R2为含氮6元芳香杂环(例如:2-吡啶基,3-吡啶基,4-吡啶基)并且R3为吲哚基,异吲哚基,苯并恶唑基,苯并咪唑基,香豆素基,喹啉基或异喹啉基的那些化合物。
本文具体提到的通式(I)的化合物是其中R2是2-吡啶基并且R3是吲哚基,异吲哚基,苯并恶唑基,苯并咪唑基,香豆素基,喹啉基或异喹啉基的那些化合物。
在一个实例中,通式(I)的化合物不是N-(2-(4-((1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺。
本文提到的具体化合物包括:
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1-苄基-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-甲基呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-甲基-N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-甲基-N-(2-(4-((呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺
N-(2-(4-((1H-咪唑-4-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺
N-(2-(4-((1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-N-(2-(4-(噻唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺
5-(吡啶-4-基)-N-(2-(4-(噻唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-(吡啶-4-基)-N-(2-(4-(噻唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-(吡啶-4-基)-N-(2-(4-(噻唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(5-氯-2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(5-氯-2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(5-氯-2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(噻唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-异烟酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)乙酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(1H-咪唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-咪唑-4-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-甲基呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-甲基-N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基呋喃-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((5-甲基-1,3,4-恶二唑-2-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)恶唑-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)异恶唑-5-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)苯并呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡嗪-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)苯并[d]恶唑-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)嘧啶-4-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)恶唑-4-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-6-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吡唑-4-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(异恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-N-(2-(4-(噻唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)苯甲酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(呋喃-3-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-(1H-咪唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)吡啶酰胺;
N-(2-(4-((1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)-苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺;和
N-(2-(4-((1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺。
具体实施方式
本发明的化合物是SRPK1特异性抑制剂并且因此其可在治疗或预防任何涉及SRPK1的疾病或病症的方法中使用。这些病症和治疗方法将在下文描述。
抗-血管生成治疗
本发明的化合物可用于抗-血管生成治疗。所述抗-血管生成治疗优选地包括治疗或预防与异常血管生成或促血管生成VEGF同等型(VEGFxxx)的异常过量生成相关的任何疾病或失调。这些疾病和失调包括例如:血管疾病(例如,血管收缩和特征为血管收缩的失调以及心血管疾病),恶性和良性瘤形成(例如,血管生成依赖性癌症,例如,肿瘤癌症),肿瘤转移,炎症性失调,糖尿病,糖尿病视网膜病变和糖尿病的其他并发症(例如,糖尿病新生血管形成),颗粒性结膜炎,晶状体后增生,新生血管性青光眼,老年性黄斑变性,血管瘤,植入的角膜组织的免疫排斥,与眼睛损伤或感染有关的角膜血管生成,奥斯勒-韦伯综合症(Osler-Webber Syndrome),心肌血管生成,创面肉芽,毛细血管扩张,血友病性关节,血管纤维瘤,毛细血管扩张,牛皮癣,硬皮病,化脓性肉芽肿,潮红,肥胖症,关节炎(例如,类风湿性关节炎),造血,血管生成,牙龈炎,动脉粥样硬化,子宫内膜异位,新生内膜增生,牛皮癣,多毛症和增殖性视网膜病变。根据本发明的抗-血管生成治疗还可包括在健康受治者上实施的非-治疗性治疗,例如,出于美容目的抑制血管发展。对与异常血管生成相关的疾病和失调的详细描述以及对抗-血管生成治疗的详细描述请参见WO2008/110777,其内容通过引用并入本文。
具体而言,本发明的化合物可用于治疗或预防眼部新生血管形成,所述眼部新生血管形成包括视网膜新生血管形成或脉络膜新生血管形成或老年性黄斑变性。此外,本发明的化合物可用于治疗或预防恶性瘤形成或癌症,例如,前列腺癌,黑色素瘤,结肠直肠癌和乳腺癌。
微血管通透性过高疾病,上皮细胞存活失调和上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构失调
作为SRPK1抑制剂的本发明的化合物还可用作治疗涉及选择性剪接的VEGFxxxb同等型的其他疾病的治疗剂。例如,WO2010/058227(其公开的内容通过引用并入本文)已公开了VEGFxxxb对于多种微血管通透性过高疾病、上皮细胞存活失调和上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构失调具有活性。
微血管通透性过高,调节VEGFxxx同等型的促血管生成促通透性性质的失调,上皮细胞存活和通透性的失调和/或上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构特性(例如,数量密度和/或尺寸)的失调是多种严重医学病症的基础。
所述病症的实例包括,例如:蛋白尿,尿毒症,微量白蛋白尿,低白蛋白血症,肾超滤,肾病综合症,肾衰竭,肺动脉高压,毛细血管通透性过高,微动脉瘤,水肿和糖尿病血管并发症。
所述糖尿病血管并发症的实例包括,例如:糖尿病视网膜病变(增殖性和非增殖性)和糖尿病肾病。糖尿病血管并发症可与I型糖尿病或II型糖尿病相关。
微血管通透性过高疾病具体可以是肾病,例如,GFB的通透性疾病,例如,足细胞的通透性疾病。
对支持上皮细胞存活的治疗有效的疾病的实例如下:
急性肺纤维化疾病,成人呼吸窘迫综合症,成人呼吸窘迫综合症,晚期癌症,过敏性呼吸系统疾病,肺泡损伤,血管生成,关节炎,腹水,哮喘,烧伤后哮喘或水肿,动脉粥样硬化,自体免疫疾病,骨吸收,与表皮下水疱形成相关的大疱性疾病(包括大疱性类天疱疮),心血管疾病,与肾小球或系膜细胞的增殖有关的一些肾疾病,慢性和过敏性炎症,慢性肺病,慢性阻塞性肺病,肝硬化,角膜血管生成,角膜疾病,冠状动脉和脑侧支血管形成,冠状动脉再狭窄,心脏疾病后损伤,疱疹样皮炎,糖尿病,糖尿病肾病,糖尿病视网膜病变,内毒素休克,多形性红斑,纤维化,肾小球肾炎,肾小球肾炎,移植物排异,革兰氏阴性败血症,血管瘤,肝硬化,肝衰竭,带状疱疹,移植物抗宿主反应(缺血再灌注损伤和肾脏、肝脏、心脏和皮肤的同种异体移植物排异),感染伤口愈合不良,单纯性疱疹感染,人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,炎症,癌症,炎性肠病(克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎),炎症病症,支架内再狭窄,支架内狭窄,缺血,缺血性视网膜静脉阻塞,缺血性视网膜病变,卡波济氏肉瘤,瘢痕瘤,急性炎症期肝病,肺同种异体移植物排异(阻塞性支气管炎),淋巴恶性肿瘤,早产儿黄斑变性视网膜病变,骨髓增生异常综合症,心肌血管生成,新生血管性青光眼,非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(NIDDM),阻塞性细支气管炎,眼部病症或疾病,与视网膜血管增殖相关的眼部疾病,Osier-Weber-Rendu疾病,骨关节炎,卵巢过度刺激综合症,柏哲德(Paget)氏疾病,胰腺炎,类天疱疮,多囊性肾病,息肉,绝经后骨质疏松,先兆子痫,牛皮癣,肺水肿,肺纤维化,肺结节病,再狭窄,再狭窄,包括糖尿病视网膜病变在内的视网膜病变,早产儿和老年性黄斑变性的视网膜病变,类风湿性关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,潮红,结节病,败血症,中风,滑膜炎,全身性红斑狼疮,甲状腺炎,血栓性微血管综合症,移植物排异,外伤,肿瘤相关血管生成,血管移植物再狭窄,血管移植物再狭窄,希佩尔-林道(von Hippel Lindau)综合症,伤口愈合。
本发明可用于治疗黄斑营养不良。这包括:Stargardt疾病/眼底黄色斑点症,类Stargardt黄斑营养不良;类Stargardt黄斑营养不良;常染色体显性“靶眼(bull’s eye)”黄斑营养不良,Best黄斑营养不良;成人卵黄状营养不良;Pattern营养不良,多英蜂窝视网膜营养不良;North Carolina黄斑营养不良;类MCDR1的常染色体显性黄斑营养不良;与失聪相关的类North Carolina黄斑营养不良;渐进性双焦脉络膜视网膜萎缩;Sorsby’s眼底营养不良;中央性晕轮状脉络膜营养不良;显性囊性黄斑营养不良;青少年视网膜劈裂症;隐匿性黄斑营养不良;非家族隐匿性黄斑营养不良。
所述疾病具体可以是视网膜上皮细胞疾病,例如,地图样萎缩或老年性黄斑变性。
对微血管通透性过高疾病,上皮细胞存活失调和上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样失调的进一步详细描述以及对它们的治疗的进一步详细描述请参见WO2010/058227,其公开的内容通过引用并入本文。
神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病
作为SRPK1抑制剂的本发明的化合物还可用作治疗涉及选择性剪接的VEGFxxxb同等型的其他疾病的治疗剂。例如,WO2009/106855(其公开的内容通过引用并入本文)已公开了VEGFxxxb具有神经保护作用和神经再生作用。
根据本发明的待治疗或预防的神经性疾病包括神经性疼痛和糖尿病性神经病变以及其他神经病变。
根据本发明的待治疗或预防的神经退行性疾病包括认知型和非认知型神经变性,神经肌肉变性,运动感觉神经变性,眼部神经变性。
可以预见到的是,VEGFxxxb家族的蛋白质活性能够有效预防和有效逆转上述病症和疾病。
而且,因为,轻度认知功能障碍通常与某类健康人类的正常状态相关,例如,老年人,处于压力下的人,劳累或疲劳的人,所以,本发明还可应用于对健康人类的非治疗性治疗以调节或正常化他们的认知功能和行为,包括思考、记忆、学习、专心和推理。
而且,因为神经再生可有助于使患有精神异常或行为异常的受治者体内的脑神经网络正常化,无论这些精神异常或行为异常是否可诊断为一种或多种已识别的精神病症,所以,本发明还可应用于患有精神失调的人类的治疗性治疗以及身体健康的人类的非治疗性治疗,从而调节他们的认知和行为至正常状态。
例如,本发明提供对下列疾病的治疗或预防:疼痛(例如,神经性疼痛),痴呆,年龄相关认知障碍,阿尔兹海默氏疾病,阿尔兹海默类型的老年性痴呆(SDAT),路易氏体失智症,血管性痴呆,帕金森氏疾病,脑炎后帕金森综合征,抑郁症,精神分裂症,肌肉萎缩症(包括面肩胛肱型肌肉萎缩症(FSH)),杜兴氏肌肉萎缩症,贝克型肌肉萎缩症和Bruce肌肉萎缩症,Fuchs营养不良,肌强直性营养不良,角膜营养不良,反射性交感神经营养不良综合症(RSDSA),神经血管营养不良,重症肌无力,LambertEaton疾病,亨廷顿病,运动神经元疾病(包括肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)),多发性硬化,体位性低血压,创伤性神经病或神经退行(例如中风后或事故后(例如,创伤性头部损伤或脊髓损伤)),巴腾氏病,科克因氏综合症,唐氏综合征,皮质基底神经节变性,多系统萎缩,大脑萎缩,橄榄体脑桥小脑萎缩,齿状核红核萎缩,苍白球萎缩,脊髓延髓萎缩,视神经炎,硬化性全脑炎(SSPE),注意力缺陷综合症,病毒后脑炎,脊髓灰质炎后综合症,法尔综合症,朱伯特综合症,格林-巴利(Guillain-Barre)综合症,无脑回畸形,烟雾病,神经元迁移障碍,自闭症,聚谷氨酰胺病,尼曼匹克(Niemann-Pick)病,进行性多灶性白质脑病,假性脑瘤,Refsum病,Zellweger综合症,核上性麻痹,弗里德赖希共济失调(Friedreich’s ataxia),脊髓小脑性共济失调2型,雷特(Rhett)综合症,Shy-Drager综合症,结节性硬化,皮克氏(Pick’s)病,慢性疲劳综合症,神经病变(包括遗传性神经病变,糖尿病神经病变和有丝分裂神经病变),基于朊病毒的神经变性(包括克雅二氏病(Creutzfeldt-Jakob,CJD),变形CJD,新变形CJD,牛海绵状脑病(BSE),GSS,FFI,苦鲁病和阿尔佩斯综合征(Alper’ssyndrome)),约瑟夫病(Joseph’sdisease),急性播散性脑脊髓炎,蛛网膜炎,中央神经系统血管病变,极端神经元功能损失,夏-马-图三氏病(Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease),克拉伯(Krabbe’s)病,脑白质病变,心脏衰竭易感性,哮喘,癫痫,听神经变性,黄斑变性,色素性视网膜炎和青光眼诱发的视神经变性。
总体而言,精神失常没有被诊断为“精神障碍”,除非相关行为或想法对个体产生显著不良应激或相关行为或想法对他或她的每日行为具有破坏性。因此,可诊断的疾病和类似疾病之间具有界线,但是对严重性较低的或对破坏性较低的心理功能的治疗应当被认为是非治疗性的(参见下文)。
本发明所针对的精神疾病的实例包括但不限于:焦虑症(例如,急性应激障碍,恐慌症,广场恐惧症,社交恐惧症,特定对象恐惧症,强迫症,性焦虑症,创伤后应激障碍,身体畸形恐惧症和广泛焦虑症),儿童期疾病(例如,注意力缺乏多动症(ADHD),亚斯伯格综合症,自闭症,行为失常,对立违抗性障碍,分离焦虑症和图雷特氏综合征),进食障碍(例如,神经性食欲缺乏和暴食症),情绪失调(例如,抑郁症,重度抑郁症,双极失调(躁郁症),季节性情绪失调(SAD),循环情绪症和轻郁症),睡眠障碍,认知精神障碍(例如,精神错乱,健忘症),人格障碍(例如,妄想型人格障碍,分裂型人格障碍,分裂型人格障碍,反社会人格障碍,边缘性人格障碍,表演型人格障碍,自恋型人格障碍,回避型人格障碍,依赖性人格障碍和强迫型人格障碍),精神障碍(例如,精神分裂症,妄想症,短时精神障碍,精神分裂样精神障碍,分裂情感性精神障碍和分享性精神障碍),和物质相关疾病(例如,酒精依赖,安非他命依赖,大麻依赖,可卡因依赖,迷幻剂依赖,吸入剂依赖,尼古丁依赖,阿片样物质依赖,苯环利定依赖和镇静剂依赖)。
对神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病的进一步的详细描述以及对这些疾病的治疗的进一步详细描述请参见WO2009/106855,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
治疗疼痛
作为SRPK1抑制剂的本发明的化合物还可用作治疗涉及选择性剪接的VEGFxxxb同等型的其他疾病的治疗剂。例如,WO2011/148200(其公开的内容通过引用并入本文)已公开了VEGFxxxb对哺乳动物体内VEGFR2-介导的非炎性疼痛具有镇痛作用。
根据本发明的待治疗或预防的VEGFR2-介导的非炎性疼痛包括非炎性神经性疼痛和伤害性疼痛,其中,在疼痛的起因或传递过程中涉及VEGFR2受体。例如,可预见到的是,根据本发明的化合物对非炎性触摸痛和疼痛具有活性(止痛和镇痛活性)。这种类型的疼痛状态包括慢性疼痛,无论是间歇性的还是持续性的。这种疼痛状态可包括,例如:下背痛,神经痛,非典型疼痛(例如,非典型面部疼痛),手术后疼痛,损伤后疼痛(例如,导致神经损伤的手术或损伤之后)或与癌症或癌症治疗(例如,细胞毒性治疗或放疗)有关的疼痛,或糖尿病相关神经病变(糖尿病神经病变,胰岛素神经炎)或其他全身性或自体免疫疾病或病理学,或者对它们的治疗,酒精中毒或HIV感染,年龄相关神经病变或未知起源的神经病变。
可以预见到的是,VEGFR2激动剂的蛋白质(例如,VEGFxxxb)的活性能够有效预防和逆转VEGFR2介导的非炎性疼痛。
然而,基于VEGFxxxb家族蛋白质的抗-血管生成的活性,本发明的化合物的应用将限于对血管生成的可能的抑制对患者无害的情况下的疼痛。
本发明中使用的化合物可与一种或多种不同的疼痛治疗剂联合使用,从而使对由所述一种或多种不同的疼痛治疗剂治疗(或联合治疗)的受治者的疼痛的灵敏度正常化。术语“正常化”是指将受治者的疼痛灵敏度移向正常水平,并且,如果所述一种或多种不同的疼痛治疗剂导致对疼痛的感觉或灵敏度过量降低的话,术语“正常化”可包括提高灵敏度。所述一种或多种不同的疼痛治疗剂可选自目前已知的疼痛治疗剂或待设计的疼痛治疗剂。这样的选择在本领域普通技术人员的技术水平范围内。这种联合治疗能够根据受治者的特定病症和需要精确控制受治者体内的疼痛灵敏度并且使全身副作用最小化。
对疼痛及其治疗的进一步的详细描述请参见WO2011/148200,其公开的内容通过引用并入本文。
纤维化
作为SRPK1抑制剂的本发明的化合物还可用作治疗涉及选择性剪接的VEGFxxxb同等型的其他疾病的治疗剂。例如,VEGFxxxb已表现出预防与纤维化(例如,特发性肺纤维化,其是通过过量生成成纤维细胞而引起肺部瘢痕的病症)相关的疾病。因为抗-VEGF药剂(例如,尼达尼布(nintedanib))已表现出在治疗肺纤维化方面的有效性,所以,还发现了本发明的化合物由于能够进行选择性剪接以降低VEGFxxxa的水平并提高VEGFxxxb的水平而应用于预防肺纤维化(例如,特发性肺纤维化)的方法中。因此,本发明还提供通过将通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物给药于有此需要的受治者来预防或治疗纤维化(例如,肺纤维化)的方法。
活性化合物
本发明的化合物由通式(I)来定义并且其已表现为激酶SRPK1的抑制剂,因此,其在本文所述的涉及VEGFxxxb和/或SRPK1的疾病的治疗中有用。本发明的化合物可以是SRPK1-特异性抑制剂。
本发明的化合物可由任何已知的方法合成。示例性的合成方法在下文的实施例部分描述。
联合给药
如果需要的话,本发明的化合物可与一种或多种额外的活性剂联合给药,例如,一种或多种活性剂选自但不限于:胆碱酯酶抑制剂,多巴胺激动剂(例如,左旋多巴),COMT抑制剂,MAO-B抑制剂,抗-胆碱能药物,乙酰胆碱激动剂,血清素激动剂,AMPA受体激动剂,GABA受体激动剂,NMDA受体激动剂,β-肾上腺素受体激动剂,地高辛,多巴酚丁胺,抗炎药物,神经营养因子,他汀类药物,腺苷A2a受体拮抗剂,醛糖还原酶抑制剂,免疫调节剂,大麻素激动剂,干扰素或三环类抗抑郁药。
释义
在本文对通式(I)或通式(Ia)的定义中:
“C1-6烷基”是指包含一个至六个碳原子的直链或支链烷基基团,其是通过从由一个至六个碳原子构成的脂肪族烃中除去任意一个氢原子而衍生得到的单价基团。具体而言,C1-6烷基基团包括,例如:甲基,乙基,1-丙基,2-丙基,2-甲基-1-丙基,2-甲基-2-丙基,1-丁基,2-丁基,1-戊基,2-戊基,3-戊基,2-甲基-1-丁基,3-甲基-1-丁基,2-甲基-2-丁基,3-甲基-2-丁基,2,2-二甲基-1-丙基,1-己基,2-己基,3-己基,2-甲基-1-戊基,3-甲基-1-戊基,4-甲基-1-戊基,2-甲基-2-戊基,3-甲基-2-戊基,4-甲基-2-戊基,2-甲基-3-戊基,3-甲基-3-戊基,2,3-二甲基-1-丁基,3,3-二甲基-1-丁基,2,2-二甲基-1-丁基,2-乙基-1-丁基,3,3-二甲基-2-丁基,和2,3-二甲基-2-丁基。
“杂环”或“杂环基”是指环内可包括双键的芳香环或非芳香环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个(例如,一个或两个)是杂原子。
“芳香杂环”或“杂芳香环”是指单芳香环或包含非定域化电子结构的环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个(例如一个或两个)是杂原子。
“含氮杂环”或“包含一个或多个氮原子的杂环基团”是指环内可包含双键的芳香环或非芳香环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个(例如一个或两个)是氮原子。
“含氧杂环”或“包含一个或多个氧原子的杂环基团”是指环内可包含双键的芳香环或非芳香环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个(例如一个或两个)是氧原子。
“杂原子”是指硫原子、氧原子或氮原子。
“含氮5元或6元芳香杂环”或“含氮5元或6元杂芳香基团”是指由五个原子或六个原子构成环的单芳香环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个是氮原子并且可包含除了氮原子之外的一个或多个杂原子。具体而言,含氮5元或6元芳香杂环包括,例如:吡咯环,咪唑环,三唑环,二唑环,吡啶环,哒嗪环,嘧啶环和吡嗪环。
“含氮5元或6元杂芳基”是指通过从上文定义的“5元或6元芳香杂环”中除去一个或两个任意氢原子而衍生得到的单价或双价基团。具体而言,含氮5元或6元杂芳基基团包括例如:吡咯基,咪唑基,二唑基,三唑基,吡啶基,哒嗪基,嘧啶基和吡嗪基。
“含氧5元或6元芳香杂环”或“含氧5元或6元杂芳基环”是指由5个或6个原子构成环的单个芳香环,其中,构成所述环的原子中的至少一个是氧原子,并且可包含除了氧原子之外的一个或多个杂原子。具体而言,所述含氧5元或6元芳香杂环包括,例如:呋喃环或吡喃环。
“含氧5元或6元杂芳基”是指通过从上文所述的“含氧5元或6元芳香杂环”中除去一个或两个任意氢原子而衍生得到的单价基团或双价基团。具体而言,“含氧5元或6元杂芳基”包括例如:呋喃基和吡喃基。
“稠合的芳香杂环”是指其中芳香杂环基团与诸如苯环之类的芳香环稠合(例如,邻位稠合)的环结构。所述芳香杂环基团可以是上文定义的芳香杂环基团。
“稠合的芳香杂环基团”是指通过从上文定义的“稠合的芳香杂环”中除去一个或两个任意氢原子而衍生得到的单价基团或双价基团。所述芳香杂环基团是上文定义的杂环基团。
稠合的芳香杂环基团包括例如:吲哚基,吲哚啉基,异吲哚基,异吲哚啉基,苯并恶唑基,苯并咪唑基,香豆素基,喹啉基,异喹啉基和1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基。
“含氧5元或6元非芳香杂环”是指包含一个或多个杂原子的饱和碳环,例如,四氢呋喃环或四氢吡喃环。
“含氧5元或6元非芳香杂环基”是指通过从上文定义的4元至8元杂环中除去一个或两个任意的氢原子而衍生得到的单价或双价基团。具体而言,“4元至8元非芳香杂环基团”是指四氢呋喃基或四氢吡喃基。
本文中“卤代的C1-6烷基”是指上文定义的“C1-6烷基”中的至少一个任意的氢原子被上文定义的“卤素原子”取代的基团。卤代的C1-6烷基基团包括,例如:三氟甲基,二氟甲基,单氟甲基。
本文中的措辞“可具有一个或多个取代基”是指在第一实例中某个基团或化合物是未取代的,但是其可在可取代的位置任选地具有对一个或多个取代基的任意选择或一个或多个取代基的组合。具体而言,所述取代基可包括,例如:选自下列一个或多个原子或基团中的的原子或基团:卤素,羟基,羟甲基,羟乙基,巯基,硝基,氰基,甲酰基,羧基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,氨基,氧代,亚胺基,C1-6烷基(例如,甲基),C1-6烷氧基(例如,甲氧基),C1-6硫代烷基(例如,硫代甲基),C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基;C1-6烷氧基羰基,C1-6烷基磺酰基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,苄基,杂芳基(例如,吡啶基),苯基,或C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基或苄基或苯基或由卤素,羟基,羟甲基,羟乙基,巯基,硝基,氰基,甲酰基,羧基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,氨基,氧代,亚胺基,C1-6烷基(例如,甲基),C1-6硫代烷基(例如,硫代甲基),C2-6烯基,C2-6炔基;C1-6烷氧基羰基,C1-6烷基磺酰基,或C1-6烷氧基(例如,甲氧基)中的一个或多个取代的杂芳基(例如,吡啶基)。
“C2-6烯基”是指包含两个至六个碳原子的直链或支链的烯基。具体而言,C2-6烯基包括,例如:乙烯基,烯丙基,1-丙烯基,2-丙烯基,1-丁烯基,2-丁烯基,3-丁烯基,戊烯基和己烯基。
“C2-6炔基”是指包含两个至六个碳原子的直链或支链炔基。具体而言,C2-6炔基包括,例如:乙炔基,1-丙炔基,2-丙炔基,丁炔基,戊炔基和己炔基。
“C1-6烷氧基”是指与上文定义的“C1-6烷基”连接的氧基团。具体而言,C1-6烷氧基包括,例如:甲氧基,乙氧基,1-丙氧基,2-丙氧基,2-甲基-1-丙氧基,2-甲基-2-丙氧基,1-丁氧基,2-丁氧基,1-戊氧基,2-戊氧基,3-戊氧基,2-甲基-1-丁氧基,3-甲基-1-丁氧基,2-甲基-2-丁氧基,3-甲基-2-丁氧基,2,2-二甲基-1-丙氧基,1-己氧基,2-己氧基,3-己氧基,2-甲基-1-戊氧基,3-甲基-1-戊氧基,4-甲基-1-戊氧基,2-甲基-2-戊氧基,3-甲基-2-戊氧基,4-甲基-2-戊氧基,2-甲基-3-戊氧基,3-甲基-3-戊氧基,2,3-二甲基-1-丁氧基,3,3-二甲基-1-丁氧基,2,2-二甲基-1-丁氧基,2-乙基-1-丁氧基,3,3-二甲基-2-丁氧基,以及2,3-二甲基-2-丁氧基。
“C1-6烷硫基”是指与上文定义的“C1-6烷基”连接的硫基。具体而言,“C1-6烷硫基”包括例如:甲硫基,乙硫基,1-丙硫基,2-丙硫基,丁硫基和戊硫基。
“C1-6烷氧基羰基”是指与上文定义的“C1-6烷氧基”连接的羰基。具体而言,C1-6烷氧基羰基包括,例如:甲氧基羰基,乙氧基羰基,1-丙氧基羰基和2-丙氧基羰基。
“C1-6烷基磺酰基”是指与上文定义的“C1-6烷基”连接的磺酰基。具体而言,C1-6烷基磺酰基包括,例如:甲基磺酰基,乙基磺酰基,1-丙基磺酰基,和2-丙基磺酰基。
“卤素原子”是指氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
“C6-10环烷基”是指包含6个至10个碳原子的非芳香环状烃基团。具体而言,“C6-10环烷基”包括,例如:环己基和十氢化萘基团。
“C6-10芳基”是指包含六个至十个碳原子的芳香环状烃基团。具体而言,C6-10芳基包括,例如:苯基,1-萘基,和2-萘基。
“盐”并未特定限定,只要所述盐是由根据本发明的化合物形成的药学上可接受的盐。这些盐包括例如:无机酸盐,有机酸盐,无机碱盐,有机碱盐和酸式或碱式氨基酸盐。优选的无机酸盐的实例包括:盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,硫酸盐,硝酸盐和磷酸盐。优选的有机酸盐的实例包括:乙酸盐,琥珀酸盐,延胡索酸盐,马来酸盐,酒石酸盐,柠檬酸盐,乳酸盐,硬脂酸盐,苯甲酸盐,甲基磺酸盐和对甲苯磺酸盐。
优选的无机碱盐的实例包括:碱金属盐,例如,钠盐和钾盐;碱土金属盐,例如,钙盐和镁盐;铝盐;和铵盐。优选的有机碱盐的实例包括:二乙胺盐,二乙醇胺盐,葡甲胺盐和N,N’-二苄基乙二胺盐。
优选的酸式氨基酸盐的实例包括:天冬氨酸盐和谷氨酸盐。优选的碱式氨基酸盐的实例包括:精氨酸盐,赖氨酸盐和鸟氨酸盐。
当将本发明的化合物放置于空气中时,本发明的化合物有时会吸收水分并且有时粘附于所吸收的水分或转化为水合物。所述水合物也包括在本发明内。
而且,本发明的化合物有时吸收一些其他溶剂而转化为溶剂化物,。所述溶剂化物也包括在本发明内。
原则上,可使用任何有机溶剂来制备本发明的化合物的溶剂化物。
溶剂化物还可包括水以及一种或多种有机溶剂。
因此,例如,溶剂可选自:酮类,醇类,醚类,酯类,芳香溶剂以及它们彼此的混合物(如果可能的话),和它们与其他有机溶剂和/或水的混合物。
通式(I)的化合物的药学上可接受的前药形式可用于本发明。“药学上可接受的前药”是指在合理的医疗范围内和兽医判断范围内的、适用于与人类组织和低等动物的组织的接触而不会产生过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等的化合物的那些前药,所述前药与合理的收益/风险比例相称并且对其期望的用途有效,并且还是指化合物的两性离子形式(可能的情况下)。术语“前药”是指如下化合物:其在体内快速转化以例如通过血液中的水解生成上文所述的通式的母体化合物。可通过代谢裂解在体内快速转化的官能团形成与羧基反应的一类基团。由于化合物的代谢可裂解基团易于在体内裂解,带有这些基团的化合物充当前药。对前药的完整讨论在下列参考文献中提供:Design of Prodrugs,H.Bundgaard,ed.,Elsevier,1985;Methods in Enzymology,K.Widder等人,Ed.,Academic Press,42,p.309-396,1985;A Textbook of Drug Design and Development,Krogsgaard-Larsen andH.Bundgaard,ed.,Chapter 5;Design and Applications of Prodrugs p.113-191,1991;Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,H.Bundgard,8,p.l-38,1992;Journal ofPharmaceutical Sciences,77,p.285,1988;Chem.Pharm.Bull.,N.Nakeya等人,32,p.692,1984;Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems,T.Higuchi and V.Stella,Vol.14of theA.C.S.Symposium Series,and Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,EdwardB.Roche,ed.,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,1987,这些参考文献通过引用并入本文。
组合物和给药
根据本发明的化合物可以以包含活性剂和任何合适的其他成分的组合物的形式给药。例如,组合物可以是适于局部给药(例如,作为滴眼液或霜剂或乳剂)或肠内给药(例如,作为片剂或胶囊或滴剂)或肠胃外给药(例如,注射,植入或输注)的药物组合物(药物)。例如,组合物可以选择性地是食物、食品补充剂、饮品或饮品补充剂。
本文中的“药物组合物”或“药物”是指包含活性剂并且额外地包含一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的组合物。基于给药模式和剂型的特性,组合物可进一步包含选自以下的成分:例如,稀释剂,佐剂,赋形剂,载体,防腐剂,填充剂,崩解剂,润湿剂,乳化剂,悬浮剂,甜味剂,调味剂,香味剂,抗菌剂,抗真菌剂,润滑剂和分散剂。例如,组合物可采用如下形式:片剂、糖衣药丸,粉末,酏剂,糖浆,包含悬浮液在内的液体制剂,喷雾,吸入剂,片剂,含片,乳剂,溶液,扁囊剂,颗粒,胶囊和栓剂以及用于注射的包括脂质体制剂在内的液体制剂。技术和剂型通常可在如下参考文献中找到:Remington,The Science and Practice ofPharmacy,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,最新版。
液体形式的制剂包括溶液,悬浮液和乳液。实例是用于肠胃外注射或局部给药的水或水-丙二醇溶液。液体制剂还可在聚乙二醇水溶液中配制。
本发明还包括固体形式的制剂,该固体形式的制剂能够在使用前快速转化为液体形式的制剂,用于局部给药、口服给药或肠胃外给药。所述液体形式包括:溶液,悬浮液和乳液。这些特定的固体形式的制剂最便于以单位剂型提供,从而用于提供单一液体剂量单元。可选地,可提供足够的固体,之后其转化为液体形式,如由注射器、茶匙或其他容积的容器或装置通过测量预定体积的液体形式的制剂可获得多个单独的液体剂型。待转化为液体形式的固体形式的制剂除了包含活性物质之外还可包含调味剂,着色剂,稳定剂,缓冲剂,人工和天然甜味剂,分散剂,增稠剂,增溶剂,等等。用于制备液体形式的制剂的液体可以是水,等渗水,乙醇,甘油,丙二醇,等等以及它们的混合物。自然地,可根据给药途径选择所使用的液体,例如,包含大量乙醇的液体制剂不适于局部或肠胃外使用。
组合物可以是用于局部施用的剂型。所述剂型可以是控制释放的凝胶剂型并且因此可在局部施用之后使活性剂起效。所述剂型可包含一种或多种凝胶剂,例如,羟丙基甲基纤维素。所述剂型可包含一种或多种表面活性剂,例如,非离子型液体聚合物,其实例包括:泰洛沙泊(Tyloxapol)和来自BASF的泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)。所述剂型可包含一种或多种增溶剂,例如,葡聚糖或山梨醇。所述剂型可包含一种或多种抗菌剂或防腐剂,例如,苯扎氯铵。上文所述的凝胶剂,表面活性剂,增溶剂和抗菌剂仅以举例说明的方式列出并且用于实现这些功能的其他试剂是本领域已知的。
基于患者的需求,所治疗的病症的严重性以及所使用的化合物,剂量可发生改变。对特定情况的合适剂量的确定在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。总体而言,以低于化合物的最优剂量的较小剂量开始进行治疗。此后,以较小的增量增加剂量直至达到不同情况下的最佳效果。为了方便起见,如果需要的话,在一天内,总的每日剂量可分开并以多份给药。
例如,用于给药活性剂的剂量方案可包括总剂量高达1μg,例如,高达500ng,例如,高达50ng,例如,在给药期间(例如1天至14天)活性剂小于20ng。例如,可给药小于18ng,17ng,16ng,15,ng,14ng,13ng,12ng,11ng或10ng的总剂量。
例如,用于给药活性剂的剂量方案可包括总剂量高达10μg,例如,高达5mg,高达500ng,例如,在给药期间(例如,1天至14天)活性剂小于200ng。例如,可给药小于180ng,170ng,160ng,150ng,140ng,130ng,120ng,110ng或100ng的总剂量。
例如,用于给药活性剂的剂量方案可包括高达10mg的总剂量,例如高达5mg,例如高达500μg,例如,在给药期间(例如,1天至14天)活性剂小于200μg。例如,可给药小于180μg,170μg,160μg,150μg,140μg,130μg,120μg,110μg或100μg的总剂量。
可以治疗有效量给药通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化物、水合物或前药。用于局部给药治疗CNV的通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物的治疗有效量可以是至少约5μg/10μl递送载体。可选地,治疗有效量可以是至少约100μg/mL,例如,至少约200μg/mL,至少约300μg/mL,至少约400μg/mL,至少约500μg/mL,至少约600μg/mL,至少约700μg/mL,至少约800μg/mL,至少约900μg/mL,或至少约1000μg/mL。可选地,治疗有效量可以是至少约1mg/mL,例如,至少约2mg/mL,至少约3mg/mL,至少约4mg/mL,至少约5mg/mL。可选地,治疗有效量可以是小于约5mg/mL,例如,小于约4mg/mL,小于约3mg/mL,小于约2mg/mL,小于约1mg/mL。在给药期间(例如,1天至14天),治疗有效量可每日给药。治疗有效量可以是在一天内可分成多份给药(例如,每天两次)的总每日剂量。
用于哺乳动物受治者的抗-血管生成治疗或用于治疗或预防微血管通透性过高疾病,或用于调节VEGFxxx同等型的促血管生成促通透性性质,或用于支持上皮细胞存活而不增加通透性,或用于降低上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构特性(例如数量密度和/或尺寸),或用于治疗或预防神经性疾病或神经退行性疾病,或在体内或体外用作神经保护剂或神经再生剂,或用于治疗或预防VEGFR2-介导的非炎性疼痛,或用于预防纤维化的通式(I)或通式(Ia)的化合物的治疗有效量可根据待治疗的受治者的体重计算并且可以是至少约20mg/kg,例如,至少约30mg/kg,至少约40mg/kg,至少约50mg/kg,至少约60mg/kg,至少约70mg/kg,至少约80mg/kg,至少约90mg/kg,至少约100mg/kg。可选地,治疗有效量可小于约100mg/kg,例如,小于约90mg/kg,小于约80mg/kg,小于约70mg/kg,小于约60mg/kg,小于约50mg/kg,小于约40mg/kg,小于约30mg/kg,或小于约20mg/kg,例如小于约10mg/kg,小于约5mg/kg。
“治疗或预防”
本文使用的术语“治疗或预防”以及类似术语是指意在除去或避免疾病或缓解其症状的所有形式的医疗保健,包括预防、治愈和姑息治疗,其根据通用医疗方法和精神病学实践可用的任何测试进行评价。意在合理预测实现特定结果但不总是进行这样的预测的干预方法包括在术语“治疗或预防”的范围内。成功地减慢或抑制疾病进展的干预方法包括在术语“治疗或预防”的范围内。
一些神经病学上的和精神病学上的疾病被认为是“谱群(spectrum)”疾病,其中,各个个体可表现出多种可能的症状中的一些或所有,或者可仅表现出轻度形式的病症。而且,多种神经病学病症和精神病学病症是渐进性的,从相对较轻的异常症状开始并且进展至更加严重的异常症状。本发明包括对不论何种类型和阶段的所有神经病学病症和精神病学病症进行治疗和预防。
“易受影响”
本文使用的术语“易受……影响”以及类似术语具体是指处于高于患上医学疾病或精神病学疾病或者发生人格改变的正常风险下的个体,所述“易受……影响”使用个体或疾病的已知的风险因素进行评估。所述个体可以被归类为例如具有患上一种或多种特定疾病或人格改变的实质风险,在一定程度上,药物是处方药物和/或可为所述个体制定的特殊饮食、生活方式或类似推荐。
“非治疗性方法”
本文使用的术语“非治疗性方法”具体是指对在神经病学上或心理学上处于正常范围内的个体实施的干预,从而正常化或提高或改善神经病学或心理学特性的功能。可适于进行非治疗性治疗的神经病学功能可包括例如:认知(包括思考,推理,记忆,回忆,想象和学习),专注和注意,特别是趋向病症级别的较轻微端以及较轻的异常行为或个性特点。可适于进行非治疗性治疗的心理学功能可包括例如:人类行为,情绪,个性和社交功能,例如,悲痛,焦虑,抑郁,情绪化,阴郁,青少年情绪,睡眠模式扰乱,逼真的梦,噩梦和夜游。
在可诊断的神经病学和心理学疾病以及非可诊断的正常范围内的神经病学和心理学功能之间具有界线。因此,除了上文给出的可根据本发明的非治疗性方法进行治疗的神经病学和心理学功能的实例之外,非可诊断的轻度形式的神经病学和精神病学疾病(因为相关行为或想法没有给个体带来明显危害或没有扰乱他或她的每日机能)也被认为是可根据本发明的非治疗性方法治疗的病症。
“正常化”
本文使用的术语“正常化”和类似术语具体是指趋向特征为总体正常的神经病学或精神病学健康状态的生理学调节,无论是否实际达到特征为正常的状态。
哺乳动物
本发明除了用于人类治疗之外,本发明还用于各种不同的哺乳动物。这些哺乳动物包括例如动物园中的非人类灵长类动物(例如,猿类,猴子和狐猴),宠物(例如,猫和狗),劳作和竞技动物(例如,狗,马和矮种马),农畜(例如,猪,羊,山羊,鹿,公牛和牛),以及实验动物(例如,啮齿类动物(例如,兔,大鼠,小鼠,仓鼠,沙鼠或豚鼠))。
在待治疗的疾病或功能仅针对人类的情况下,应当理解的是,待治疗的哺乳动物是人类。如果待治疗的疾病或功能仅针对任何其他哺乳动物种类,那么这同样分别应用于任何其他哺乳动物种类。
附图说明
仅仅出于举例说明的目的,参考附图来描述本发明的实施方式,其中:
图1a显示了与参比化合物相比化合物5的抗SRPK1活性并且图1b显示了相对于相同的参比化合物化合物16至化合物18的活性。
图2显示了相比于参比化合物化合物8和化合物43的抗SRPK1的活性。
图3显示了相对于在DMSO对照,化合物17在视网膜色素上皮细胞中在不同VEGF同等型之间的剪接作用。
图4a和图4b显示了在病变尺寸方面,在激光诱导的小鼠CNV模型中,化合物17具有与参比化合物相同的抗-血管生成活性和相同的效力。
图4c显示了荧光血管造影图像,其表明了在病变尺寸方面,化合物17在激光诱导的小鼠CNV模型中具有与参比化合物相同的抗-血管生成活性。
图5显示了连续14天每天两次施用化合物17的滴眼液相对于参比化合物在激光诱导的CNV病变生长方面的结果,采用同工凝集素B4(上排),CD45(中间排)和DAPI(下排)进行可视化。
图6显示了在与图5相同的14天治疗规程中,化合物17相对于参比化合物对免疫细胞招募的作用。
图7a和图7b显示了通过与图5相同的14天治疗规程,同工凝集素B4染色区域密度的量化。
图8和图9显示了化合物14控制选择性剪接以降低VEGF-A165a/VEGF165bmRNA同等型在内皮细胞中的表达。
图10显示了使用差式扫描荧光法所确定的所选择的化合物对SRPK1的特异性。
图11显示了本发明的化合物提高PC-3细胞中VEGF-A165b/VEGF-A165a蛋白质比例。
方法
合成方案
化合物的通用合成规程在方案1中显示并在下文中详细描述,其中,R1,R2和R3是本文定义的。该规程可发生改变以合成本文所描述的其他化合物,所述改变在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。
苯胺2的合成
将Boc-哌嗪(1当量),化合物1(1当量)(R1是本文所定义的)和碳酸氢钠(2.5当量)的THF(1M)溶液加热回流16小时。将溶液冷却至室温并通过硅藻土短垫过滤反应溶液,采用乙酸乙酯进行洗脱。减压除去溶剂,得到Boc保护的硝基化合物,其具有足够的纯度用于下一步骤。
在室温下,将水合肼(25当量)滴加至Boc-保护的硝基化合物(1当量)、氯化铁(III)六水合物(20mol%)和活性碳(20%wt./wt.)的甲醇(0.1M)悬浮液中。加热回流溶液2小时。将溶液冷却至室温,随后通过硅藻土短垫过滤,采用乙酸乙酯进行洗脱。减压除去溶剂。用水稀释残留物并用乙酸乙酯(x 3)萃取。合并有机萃取物并进行干燥(Na2SO4)。减压除去溶剂,从而得到白色固体产物,其具有足够的纯度用于下一步骤。
芳香哌嗪3的合成
在室温下,将三甲基铝的甲苯(2M,3当量)溶液滴加至苯胺2(1当量)的二氯甲烷(0.5M)溶液中。在室温下搅拌溶液持续1小时,随后,在室温下,滴加乙酯(R2是本文所定义的)(1当量)的二氯甲烷溶液(1M)。在室温下再搅拌反应溶液16小时。为了淬灭反应,在室温下滴加饱和的水性Rochelle盐溶液,在室温下再搅拌溶液15分钟。用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释混合物并用二氯甲烷萃取所述混合物(x 3)。合并有机萃取物并用水和盐水洗涤,随后进行干燥(Na2SO4)。减压除去溶剂并通过失活的硅胶上的快速层析纯化粗产物,从而得到产物。
对于化合物37而言:在0℃下,将乙酰氯(1.5当量)滴加至苯胺(1当量)的1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(0.3M)溶液中。在该温度下搅拌溶液15分钟,随后移除冷却浴并将溶液加温至室温,随后加热回流17小时。反应溶液被冷却至室温并减压除去溶剂。将残留物溶解在二氯甲烷中并用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液、水和盐水洗涤残留物,随后进行干燥(Na2SO4)。减压除去溶剂。通过失活硅胶上的快速层析纯化粗产物,采用20%的乙酸乙酯/n-己烷进行洗脱,从而得到产物。
在0℃下,将TFA(20当量)加至所得到的0.15M的Boc-保护的哌嗪(1当量)的CH2Cl2溶液中。将反应混合物加温至室温持续4小时以上。采用饱和NaHCO3水溶液淬灭反应并用CH2Cl2萃取得到的水层(x 3),干燥(Na2SO4)合并的有机萃取物并且进行浓缩,得到标题化合物3。化合物用于下一步骤无需进一步纯化。
合成化合物4的通用步骤
将哌嗪3(1当量)和氰基硼氢化钠(2当量)作为固体先后加至0.1M的R3乙醛(R3是本文所定义的)(1当量)的甲醇溶液中。在室温下搅拌溶液40小时。减压除去溶剂。采用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液稀释残留物并用二氯甲烷进行萃取(x 3)。合并有机萃取物并用盐水洗涤,随后进行干燥(Na2SO4)。减压除去溶剂。通过失活的硅胶上的快速层析纯化粗产物,采用2%-5%甲醇/乙酸乙酯进行洗脱,从而得到产物。
所有化合物的分析数据列于表3。
体外激酶检测
使用Kinase-Glo分析(Promega,Southampton,UK32)检测候选化合物对SRPK1的抑制。将含有pH为7.5的40mM Tris-HCl和20mM MgCl2的反应缓冲液加至86.5μM的SRSF1Arg-Ser(RS)肽(NH2-RSPSYGRSRSRSRSRSRSRSRSNSRSRSY-OH,SEQ ID NO:1)和0.1μg纯化的SRPK1激酶中。候选化合物被依次从10μM稀释至0.5nM并加至反应混合物中,加至省略了SRPK1激酶和省略了化合物的孔作为对照。所有孔包含1%DMSO(Fisher Scientific,Loughborough,UK)。加入1微摩尔ATP,没有ATP的孔用作背景对照。随后,将平板在30℃下孵育10分钟。向每个孔中加入等体积Kinase-Glo(25μL;Promega)并使用Fluostar Optima(BMGLabtech)读取板的发光强度。
体内血管生成检测:激光诱导的脉络膜新生血管形成(CNV)规程
6至8周龄的雌性C57/B6小鼠由50mg/kg氯胺酮和0.5mg/kg美托咪定的混合物通过腹膜内注射麻醉。采用扩张器通过局部施用(滴眼液)例如5%盐酸去氧肾上腺素和1%托吡卡胺立即扩张瞳孔。在每个眼睛中的1-2圆盘直径距离上的视乳头周分布中,采用绿色Merilas 532α激光(450mW,130ms)在没有血管的净空间中的“较大”的视网膜血管之间产生四个光凝固病变。研究包括治疗时带有视网膜下气泡的唯一清楚的激光病变。在激光光凝固之后,立即将候选化合物的局部滴眼液给药于动物,每天两次(10μL滴眼液在眼睛中保持30秒以防止动物擦拭掉滴眼液)。
一周之后,小鼠由50mg/kg氯胺酮和0.5mg/kg美托咪定的混合物通过腹膜内注射麻醉。采用扩张器通过局部施用(滴眼液)例如5%盐酸去氧肾上腺素和1%托吡卡胺立即扩张瞳孔。通过腹膜内注射向小鼠给药荧光素钠(10%)。通过血管造影显微镜和聚焦每个病变的照相机获取相位差图片和绿色荧光眼底图片。通过方案1的方法杀死小鼠并且眼睛未固定,用于解剖视网膜并提取蛋白质,或固定眼睛并除去细胞核,进行脉络膜染色和检查。
差式扫描荧光术
如Federov等人(2011)的文献中所描述的那样进行差式扫描荧光术。图10所示的曲线中的ΔTm(℃)值表明这些化合物相对于其他激酶对SPRK1的特异性。
传统PCR和qRT-PCR
传统RT-PCR
在Trizol试剂中溶解原发性人视网膜上皮细胞并使用Chomczynski和Sacchi的方法提取mRNA或使用RNeasy RNA提取试剂盒(Qiagen,UK)提取mRNA。使用Thermoscript逆转录酶(Fisher Scientific,UK)对mRNA进行逆转录。使用如下引物对cDNA进行扩增,所述引物设计为扩增横跨在人VEGF-A165a和VEGF-A165b中的近端和远端剪接位点之间的区域,从而扩增它们之间的同等型和差异,这是因为含有外显子8b的同等型是66-bp,其短于含有外显子8a的同等型。所使用的引物为:5′-AAGGCGAGGCAGCTTGAGTTA-3′(SEQ ID NO:2)和5′-TCTGTATCAGTCTTTCCTGGTGAGAG-3′(SEQ ID NO:3),扩增条件为:96℃持续2分钟,随后在96℃-30s,60℃-30s和72℃-30s下进行45个循环。PCR混合物由200ngDNA和0.25mM MgCl2,1nM每种引物,1单位Taq聚合酶和25μl dH2O构成。对照质粒浓度:VEGF165a 500ng和VEGF165b 1μg。PCR产物在含有0.5μg/ml溴化乙锭的3%的琼脂糖凝胶上进行检测。
RT-qPCR扩增人VEGF-A165a和VEGF-A165b
如上文所述的那样分离RNA并进行逆转录。采用LightCycler 480(Roche)q-PCR仪器进行定量PCR(qPCR)。qPCR混合物包含3μl PCR级dH2O,2μl PCR引物(1μM),2x浓缩10μlTaq-Man Master Mix,5μl cDNA(自20ng/μl)。MgCl2的浓度为0.25mM。所使用的引物为:正义序列:5′-GAGCAAGACAAGAAAATCCC-3′(SEQ ID NO:4)和VEGF165a-R-5′-CCTCGGCTTGTCACATCTG-3′(SEQ ID NO:5),VEGF165b-R-5’-GTGAGAGATCTGCAAGTACG-3’(SEQID NO:6)。qPCR循环为95℃持续4分钟,随后在95℃-30s,60℃-30s和72℃-30s条件下进行40个循环。
使用VEGF165a和VEGF165b捕获抗体的VEGF ELISA
96孔透明微板(高灵敏度thermos immulon或costar 9018)每孔包被有100μL 10μg/ml VEGFxxxb或0.25μg/ml抗-hVEGF165a。该板由石蜡膜密封并在室温下在振荡器上孵育过夜。对每个孔进行抽吸并用洗涤缓冲液(200μlPBS-吐温0.05%)进行洗涤,总共洗涤三次,每次洗两遍。最后一次洗涤之后,倒置所述板除去剩余的洗涤缓冲液并用干净的纸巾拭干该板。通过向每孔中加入100μl试剂稀释剂(1%BAS/PBS)来封闭该板并在室温下在振荡器上孵育2小时。重复抽吸和洗涤步骤。将100μL 1%BSA/PBS中的标准品或样品加至每个孔中,覆盖石蜡膜并在室温下孵育2小时。重复抽吸/洗涤步骤并向每孔加入100μL 100ng/ml的检测抗体(BAF 293)(其在试剂稀释剂中稀释),每个孔由石蜡膜覆盖并在室温下孵育2小时。重复抽吸/洗涤并向每个孔中加入100μL链霉亲和素-HRP(1:200稀释)的工作稀释液。覆盖该板并在室温下孵育30分钟。洗涤该板并向每个孔中加入100μL基底溶液(来自DY999的1:1的A:B),在室温下孵育20至60分钟。向每个孔中加入50μL终止液(1M HCl)。使用设定为450nm的酶标仪立即测量每个孔的光密度。
结果
SRPK1抑制
筛选出一系列分子识别的化合物(表3中的化合物5,化合物8,化合物16至化合物18和化合物43),如通过激酶检测或差式荧光术(温度差异,ΔTm与logKd成反比,即,温差增加表明亲和性更高,并且因此作为更有效的抑制剂)所测定的,这些化合物相对于一系列类似化合物具有改善的抗SRPK1效力,在所述类似化合物中,本发明的各个化合物的R3基团(如通式I所定义的)被吡啶环取代(图1和图2,其中,参比化合物具有6.00nM的IC50和12.8℃的ΔTm(图1);38.8nM的IC50(图2a)和3.8nM的IC50(图2b))。这些化合物包括呋喃基团、恶唑基团、吡唑基团、噻唑基团、甲基吡唑基团和恶二唑基团。表3中的吲哚基化合物38的吡啶环被呋喃环的取代导致效力降低(化合物38的IC50为23.9nM,得到的呋喃类似物的IC50为65nM)。
在发现了效力改善的情况下,我们决定对这种类型的取代的范围进行检测。因此,我们产生了5元杂芳基类似物库,该数据列于表1和表2。从这些数据可以看出,得到了一些非常有效的分子:它们是:N-(2-(4-(恶唑-2-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺,N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺和N-(2-(4-(恶唑-5-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺(分别是化合物16至化合物18),它们在亚纳摩尔级别对SRPK1具有活性。5元杂芳基化合物将表达转换至抗血管生成同等型
为了确定这些化合物是否可控制VEGF同等型的剪接,通过同等型特异性ELISA在视网膜色素上皮细胞中测量VEGF。图3显示了采用N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺(化合物17)进行治疗使得VEGF165b增加,但是VEGF165蛋白质没有增加。
VEGF-A选择性剪接进一步通过qRT-PCR和传统PCR在视网膜色素上皮细胞中进行测量。图8和图9显示了采用化合物14进行治疗通过使原发性RPE细胞和ARPE-19细胞中的VEGF165减少而相对于VEGF165RNA控制VEGF165b的水平。
图11显示了在PC-3细胞中通过同等型特异性ELISA还能够在蛋白质水平上控制VEGF-A同等型表达的其他5元杂芳基化合物的实例。
抗-血管生成活性
因此,我们检测了作为滴眼液的N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺在小鼠的湿型老年性黄斑变性的血管生成模型中的作用。在剂量反应试验中,N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺与其中R3是吡啶基的类似化合物(SRPK1的IC50是6nM)进行比较。N-(2-(4-(恶唑-4-基甲基)哌嗪-1-基)-5-(三氟甲基)苯基)-5-(吡啶-4-基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺作为滴眼液与在最低剂量条件下有效的参比化合物(2μg/ml)相比具有相同的效力(图4至图7),这是比已知的用于治疗AMD的基于帕唑帕尼的滴眼液的有效性高10倍的因素。
本文列出的数据显示了用于降低与AMD相关的促血管生成VEGF介导的CNV的小分子量化合物抑制剂。而且,我们已显示了本发明的化合物渗入眼睛背部,在小鼠体内局部给药之后有效降低CNV,并且对于迄今为止进行的测试而言是安全的。
表1.在SRPK1抑制检测中测试的通式(I)的化合物的IC50数据
表2.所测试的通式(I)的化合物的DSF数据
表3.合成的化合物的分析数据
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Claims (49)
1.通式(I)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
R1是CF3,甲基,CHF2,Cl,或环丙基;并且
R2是5元或6元芳香杂环,苯基,2-苯并呋喃基,或苯并恶唑基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R3是5元芳香杂环,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;或者
R2是6元芳香杂环,或苯基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R3是吲哚基,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基,
其中,上述一个或多个取代基独立地选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中,所述化合物是通式(Ia)的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐;
其中:
R1是CF3,甲基,CHF2,Cl,或环丙基;
R2是5元或6元芳香杂环,苯基,2-苯并呋喃基或苯并恶唑基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;
R4是氢,或C1-6烷基基团,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;
W是CH,O,N或S;
X是C或N;
Y是CH,O,N或S;以及
Z是CH,N或S;
其中,上述一个或多个取代基独立地选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
7.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
8.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
9.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
10.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
11.如权利要求1或6所述的化合物,其中,R2选自下列基团:
上述基团中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;
其中,上述一个或多个取代基独立地选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
13.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
14.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
15.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
16.如权利要求1或6所述的化合物,其中,R2是呋喃-2-基基团或吡啶-2-基基团,这两者中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基,其中,上述一个或多个取代基独立地选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
18.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
19.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
20.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
21.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中,R2是具有甲基取代基,四氢吡喃取代基或吡啶取代基的呋喃-2-基基团。
22.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,Z=CH或N。
23.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,对W,X,Y和Z进行选择以使所述5元芳香杂环选自下列基团:
24.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,R4是氢。
25.如权利要求6所述的化合物,其中,R4是甲基,其可任选地具有取代基,其中,所述取代基选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
26.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
27.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
28.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
29.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
30.如权利要求25所述的化合物,其中,R4是由苯基或5元或6元芳香杂环取代的甲基。
31.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中:
R1是CF3,甲基,CHF2,Cl,或环丙基;
R2是6元芳香杂环,或苯基,它们中的每一个可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;并且
R3是吲哚基,其可任选地具有一个或多个取代基;
其中,上述一个或多个取代基独立地选自:羟甲基,羟乙基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,C1-6硫代烷基,C6-10环烷基,C6-10芳基,四氢吡喃基,苄基,杂芳基。
32.如权利要求31所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷基是甲基。
33.如权利要求31所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6烷氧基是甲氧基。
34.如权利要求31所述的化合物,其中,所述C1-6硫代烷基是硫代甲基。
35.如权利要求31所述的化合物,其中,所述杂芳基是吡啶基。
36.如权利要求1或6所述的化合物,其中,R1是CF3或Cl。
37.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物。
38.适于眼内注射的药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物。
39.适于局部给药于眼睛的药物组合物,其包含权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物。
40.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防眼部血管新生的药物中的应用。
41.如权利要求40所述的应用,其中,所述治疗或预防眼部血管新生是治疗或预防年龄相关的黄斑变性。
42.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于哺乳动物受治者的抗血管生成治疗的药物中的应用。
43.如权利要求42所述的应用,其中,所述哺乳动物受治者的抗血管生成治疗是治疗哺乳动物受治者体内的癌症。
44.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防微血管通透性过高疾病、或调节VEGFxxx同等型的促血管生成促通透性性质、或支持上皮细胞存活而不增加通透性、或降低上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构的特性的药物方面的应用。
45.如权利要求44所述的应用,其中,所述上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构的特性是上皮细胞过滤膜窗孔样结构的数量密度和尺寸。
46.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防神经性疾病和神经退行性疾病的药物、或在制备作为体内或体外的神经保护剂或神经再生剂的药物方面的应用。
47.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防VEGFR2-介导的非炎性疼痛的药物方面的应用。
48.权利要求1至36中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防哺乳动物受治者体内的纤维化的药物方面的应用。
49.如权利要求48所述的应用,其中,所述治疗或预防哺乳动物受治者体内的纤维化是预防哺乳动物受治者体内的特发性肺纤维化。
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CN108864064A (zh) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-23 | 翟学旭 | 含氮杂环类衍生物及其在视网膜新生血管疾病中的应用 |
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PT3362444T (pt) | 2021-06-15 |
HUE054351T2 (hu) | 2021-09-28 |
DK3362444T3 (da) | 2021-06-14 |
HRP20210896T1 (hr) | 2021-08-20 |
US20190062317A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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JP6866381B2 (ja) | 2021-04-28 |
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CY1124699T1 (el) | 2022-07-22 |
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LT3362444T (lt) | 2021-06-25 |
CN108738319A (zh) | 2018-11-02 |
CA3001789A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
EP3362444B1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
RS61999B1 (sr) | 2021-07-30 |
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