CN108735993B - 一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical class [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015965 LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018632 Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020784 Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012748 LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,特别是一种Co、Al元素共掺杂高镍基LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1‑xAlxO2正极材料的制备方法,其中x的值为0.01~0.05。其特点包括以下步骤:(1)配制镍、锰、钴、铝金属盐水溶液、混合碱水溶液及反应底液;(2)分别将金属盐水溶液和混合碱水溶液以一定的流速加入底液中进行微波恒温反应;(3)微波反应一定时间后,再冷却至室温,继续陈化12~24h;(4)陈化后的共沉淀物进行过滤、洗涤,干燥;(5)干燥后的共沉淀物配入锂盐混合研磨后,置于烧结炉中进行高温固相反应,得到本发明所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料。本发明制备得到的高镍锰基氧化物正极材料1C倍率下100次循环后比容量保持为153.6mAh/g,容量保持率为98%以上,循环和倍率性能良好。
Description
技术领域
本文属于新能源材料技术领域,涉及一种锂离子电池正极材料制备方法,特别是涉及一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍基LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1-xAlxO2正极材料的制备方法,其中x的值为0.01~0.05。
背景技术
锂离子二次电池作为一种重要的化学储能装置,具有能量密度大,质量轻,工作电压高,能量密度已达到铅酸电池的3~4倍、镍氢电池的2倍等特点,已成为国民生产中各个领域的首选动力源。近年来,新能源汽车发展的需求,对锂离子电池的容量、循环及高倍率放电性能等增加了更高的要求。目前,负极材料的研究和电解质的选择都取得了较好发展,但正极材料高比容量性能的改善仍然滞后,成为制约锂离子电池整体性能的关键要素及其发展的瓶颈。已经商业化的锂离子正极材料有LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4以及层状镍锰钴酸锂(LiNi1/3Mn0.3Co0.2O2、LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2)等,和负极材料相比,商用的正极材料能量密度和功率密度低,仍不能满足现有的高能量密度锂离子二次电池要求。
LiNiO2具有层状晶体结构,其理论比容量约为275 mAh/g,实际容量可达200 mAh/g,而Ni的资源比较丰富,价格相对较低,已成为正极材料的一个研究热点。但LiNiO2的热稳定性差,易分解,而且易吸水,很难制备出符合化学计量比的LiNiO2,导致其在充放电循环过程中,首次不可逆容量较大,循环性能差。为了提高LiNiO2材料在充放电过程中结构的热稳定性和可循环性,研究者将锰和钴替代部分镍,制备成高镍基层状复合系列材料,如LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2,并取得了较好的进展。LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2已有少量的商业应用,但其实际比容量、循环和倍率性能仍有提升的空间,材料中Co的含量优化减少,可进一步降低成本。高镍基氧化物正极材料合成工艺相对较复杂,制备方法及化学组成对正极材料的晶体结构、形貌及电化学性能等方面有重要的影响。本发明通过合成方法的改进及Co、Al共掺杂,来改善高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的比容量、循环和倍率性能,进而提升现有锂离子二次电池的能量密度。
发明内容
为了制备高比容量、循环性能优异高镍基低钴含量的氧化物正极材料,本发明提供了一种微波辅助加热反应及结合溶液陈化方法制备高性能的LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1-xAlxO2正极材料的方法,其中x的值为0.01~0.05。
本发明涉及的技术方案如下:一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其中x的值为0.01~0.05,包括以下步骤:
(1) 将可溶性镍盐、锰盐、钴盐及铝盐按一定比例物质的量进行混合,加入去离子水搅拌溶解,溶液中金属离子的总浓度为2~3mol/L;将氢氧化钠和浓氨水配成混合碱溶液,其中混合碱溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为4~6mol/L,浓氨水体积占混合碱溶液总体积的10%;在微波反应器中加入20~35%总体积的去离子水溶液为底液,再加入适量的浓氨水使底液的pH值保持11~11.5。
(2) 在微波加热至50~60℃下匀速搅拌,分别将金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液以2~4mL/min的流速均匀滴加到通有氮气保护的底液中进行反应;待金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加完全后,常压下继续微波搅拌反应1~2h,随后冷却至室温后,陈化12~24h。
(3) 再对陈化后的反应溶液进行固液分离得到前躯体,用去离子水洗涤至检测洗涤中性即可,再将前躯体在80℃~110℃下干燥12~24h。
(4) 将上述干燥后的前驱体配入锂盐混合球磨,配锂量为Li:(Ni+Mn+Co+Al)物质的量比为1.1:1;配锂的前驱体混合物球磨均匀后,升温至550℃下保温5h,再升温到750℃~780℃后,在氧气气氛下恒温固相烧结12~16h,最后冷却至室温,得到本发明所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料。
如上述所述的的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中镍盐为硫酸镍、硝酸镍的一种,锰盐为硫酸锰、硝酸锰的一种,钴盐为硫酸钴、硝酸钴的一种,铝盐为硫酸铝、硝酸铝的一种。
如上述所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加时间相同,微波反应器中的底液体积为金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加完全后反应物总体积的1/3~1/2。
如上述所述的的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中锂盐为碳酸锂、氢氧化锂的一种。
本发明的有益效果在于:(1) 本发明制备的Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料形貌规整、粒度分布均匀、性能优良;(2) 微波加热均匀、反应时间短,陈化处理可使前躯体形貌稳定,粒度均匀;(3) 本发明工艺流程简单,无需高温高压处理,设备强度要求低,适于工业化生产要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施1所制备的不同高镍基氧化物正极材料(LiNi0.8Mn0.2、LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2、LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.08Al0.02O2)在25℃及2.8V~4.2V电压范围内1C倍率下的100次放电循环测试图,横轴为充放电次数,纵轴为比容量。
图2是本发明实施1所制备的LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.08Al0.02O2氧化物正极材料在25℃时的放电倍率性能。
具体实施方式
本发明施例如下但并不限定本发明。
实施例1:(1)将0.160 mol NiSO4•6H2O、0.020 mol MnSO4•H2O、0.016 mol CoSO4•7H2O及0.004 mol Al(NO3)3•9H2O混合,室温下加入适量的去离子水配置成100 mL的2.0mol/L金属离子混合液。将适量的25%氨水加入NaOH溶液中形成100 mL的4.0 mol/L NaOH混合碱溶液。再在微波反应器中加入150 mL去离子水作为底液,同时加入适量的浓氨水使底液的pH值保持11.2。
(2)微波反应器中的底液在微波下加热至55℃,匀速搅拌,分别将金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液以2 mL/min的流速均匀滴加到通有氮气保护的底液中进行反应。待金属盐溶液滴加完全后,常压下继续微波搅拌反应2 h,随后冷却至室温下陈化12 h。
(3)上述反应完毕后,进行固液分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,将过滤物置于干燥箱中,100℃下干燥24h。
(4)将上述烘干后的0.20 mol前驱体和0.22 mol LiOH混合研磨。将研磨混合物置于高温炉中,以温度梯度为3℃/min升温至550℃保温5h,再以温度梯度为1℃/min升温至760℃,在氧气气氛下固相烧结12h,自然冷却至室温,得到本发明的一种LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.08Al0.02O2氧化物正极材料。25℃时,在2.8V~4.35V电压范围内,此氧化物正极材料0.2C下起始放电容量为203.7 mAh/g;在2.8V~4.2V电压范围内,此氧化物正极材料1C下起始放电容量为156.7 mAh/g,100次循环后比容量保持为153.6 mAh/g,容量保持率为98%以上,5C放电容量为133.1 mAh/g,如图1和2所示。
实施例2:(1)将0.480 mol Ni(NO3)2•6H2O、0.060 mol Mn(NO3)2(50%溶液)、0.054mol Co(NO3)2•6H2O及0.006mol Al(NO3)3•9H2O混合,室温下加入适量的去离子水配置成200mL的2.0 mol/L金属离子混合液。将适量的25%氨水加入NaOH溶液中形成200 mL的4.0 mol/L NaOH混合碱溶液。在微波反应器中加入200mL去离子水作为底液,同时加入适量的浓氨水使底液的pH值保持11。
(2)微波反应器中的底液在微波下加热至60℃,匀速搅拌,分别将金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液以3 mL/min的流速均匀滴加到通有氮气保护的底液中进行反应。待金属盐溶液滴加完全后,常压下继续微波搅拌反应1 h,再冷却至室温下陈化24 h。
(3)上述反应完毕后,进行固液分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,将过滤物置于干燥箱中,110℃下干燥12 h。
(4)将上述烘干后的0.40 mol前驱体和0.22 mol Li2CO3混合研磨。将研磨混合物置于高温炉中,以温度梯度为5℃/min升温至550℃保温5h,再以温度梯度为2℃/min升温至750℃,在氧气气氛下固相烧结16h,自然冷却至室温,得到本发明的一种LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.09Al0.01O2氧化物正极材料。
实施例3:(1)将0.16 mol NiSO4•6H2O、0.02 mol MnSO4•H2O、0.01 mol CoSO4•7H2O及0.01 mol Al2(SO4)3•18H2O混合,室温下加入适量的去离子水配置成100 mL的2.0 mol/L金属离子混合液。将适量的25%氨水加入NaOH溶液中形成100 mL的6.0 mol/L NaOH混合碱溶液。在微波反应器中加入50mL去离子水作为底液,再加入适量的浓氨水使底液的pH值保持11.5。
(2)微波反应器中的底液在微波下加热至50℃,匀速搅拌,分别将金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液以4 mL/min的流速均匀滴加到通有氮气保护的底液中进行反应。待金属盐溶液滴加完全后,常压下继续微波搅拌反应1.5 h,然后冷却至室温下陈化16 h。
(3)上述反应完毕后,进行固液分离,用去离子水洗涤至中性,将过滤物置于干燥箱中,80℃下干燥24 h。
(4)将上述烘干后的0.20 mol前驱体和0.22 mol LiOH混合研磨。将研磨混合物置于高温炉中,以温度梯度为2℃/min升温至550℃保温5h,再以温度梯度为1℃/min升温至780℃,在氧气气氛下固相烧结14h,自然冷却至室温,得到本发明的一种LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.05Al0.05O2氧化物正极材料。
Claims (4)
1.一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将可溶性镍盐、锰盐、钴盐及铝盐按一定比例物质的量进行混合,加入去离子水搅拌溶解,溶液中金属离子的总浓度为2~3mol/L;将氢氧化钠和浓氨水配成混合碱溶液,其中混合碱溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为4~6mol/L,浓氨水体积占混合碱溶液总体积的10%;在微波反应器中加入20~35%总体积的去离子水溶液为底液,再加入适量的浓氨水使底液的pH值保持11~11.5;
(2)微波反应器中的底液在微波加热至50~60℃下匀速搅拌,分别将金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液以2~4mL/min的流速均匀滴加到通有氮气保护的底液中进行反应;待金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加完全后,常压下继续微波搅拌反应1~2h,随后冷却至室温后,陈化12~24h;
(3)再对陈化后的反应溶液进行固液分离得到前躯体,用去离子水洗涤至检测洗涤中性即可,再将前躯体在80℃~110℃下干燥12~24h;
(4)将上述干燥后的前驱体配入锂盐混合球磨,配锂量为Li:(Ni+Mn+Co+Al)物质的量比为1.1:1;配锂的前驱体混合物球磨均匀后,升温至550℃下保温5h,再升温到750℃~780℃后,在氧气气氛下恒温固相烧结12~16h,最后冷却至室温,得到一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中镍盐为硫酸镍、硝酸镍的一种,锰盐为硫酸锰、硝酸锰的一种,钴盐为硫酸钴、硝酸钴的一种,铝盐为硫酸铝、硝酸铝的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加时间相同,微波反应器中的底液体积为金属盐溶液及混合碱溶液滴加完全后反应物总体积的1/3~1/2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种Co、Al共掺杂高镍锰基氧化物正极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中锂盐为碳酸锂、氢氧化锂的一种。
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