CN1087107A - 二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物 - Google Patents
二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
基本恒沸组合物是二氟甲烷和丙烷组成的混合
物。这种组合物可用作致冷剂、气溶胶喷射剂、传热
介质、气体电介质、灭火剂和聚合物膨胀剂。
Description
本发明涉及氟代烃与烷烃组成的混合物,更确切地说是涉及二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物。
由于人们普遍关心某些卤代烃的耗臭氧势,从而导致要寻求一种具有较低耗臭氧势的替代组合物。近来经过大量的科学研究已经得出:含氯氟烃对长远环境的影响是由于这些物质在同温层中,在紫外光幅射的作用下会分解而放出氯原子。据推论氯原子在同温层中会发生化学反应,这样就减少了同温层中的臭氧层,而同温层中臭氧的显著降低对地球上各种生物都具有严重有害的影响。
由于对氟化烃的数量有一定限制,就需要某些在环境上安全的物质作为替代物。假如可以使用已知物质的混合物,那么只要这种混合物具有所期望的综合性能。可是由于简单混合物在气相和液相中组份会偏析,所以在致冷和其它设备的设计与操作方面带来问题。为避免过大的组份偏析问题,特别希望开发新的基本恒沸混合体,从而解决组份偏析问题。遗憾的是,不可能予先确定共沸物或类似共沸组合物的配方,这样就很难寻找到具有所要求的综合性能的组合物。
急需有一种与单一化合物很相似的基本恒沸组合物,而在沸腾时这种混合物的分离量是很小的。
本发明是关于基本恒沸组合物,它是由(a)二氟甲烷和(b)丙烷组成,其中这种组合物含有约67~90%(重量),更好是约67~75%(重量)的二氟甲烷(HFC-32),以(a)和(b)的重量之和为基准并平衡,以及约10~33%(重量),更好是25~33%(重量)的丙烷(HC-290)。尤其优选的共沸组合物是由约70%(重量)的二氟甲烷和30%(重量)的丙烷组成,其中重量百分数是以二氟甲烷和丙烷的重量之和为基准。
本发明的组合物所显示的蒸汽压比这两种组成物的任何一种都高。本发明所用的基本恒沸组合物的意思是指:在初始混合物的一半被蒸发掉以后,在25℃时初始蒸气压的变化值不大于10%。因此,这里所述的组合物可克服组份偏析,因为偏析会严重减少它们在予期应用方面的用途。这些含有氟化烃的基本恒沸组合物尤其可作为功率循环工作流体使用。如致冷剂和传热介质。气溶胶喷射剂、气体电介质、灭火剂和用于聚合物例如聚烯烃和聚氨酯的膨胀剂。
本发明组合物中所用的氟化烃组份是二氟甲烷,在卤代烃工业中表示为HFC-32,组合物中所用的第二种组份是饱和脂肪烃丙烷。
通过大范围改变组合物中二氟甲烷和丙烷的含量进行二氟甲烷和丙烷各种混合物的相态研究表明:在恒温下形成的共沸物超过了研究的温度范围。进一步研究这种含有大范围二氟甲烷与丙烷配比的本发明基本恒沸组合物的蒸发现象,结果克服了混合物的组份分离,以致在恒定温度下组合物保持基本恒定的沸点。非常出乎意料的是,用二氟甲烷和丙烷组份按所公开的用量表明:在25℃的恒温下,即使50%的初始组合物被蒸发掉以后,组合物的蒸气压变化也不大于10%。这种在恒温下蒸气压很小变化的现象说明:即使有某一组分的分离和过量损失,混合物的沸点也不会发生本质上的变化,这就使得这种组合物特别适用于各种予期的用途,如致冷剂,气溶胶喷射剂,发泡剂等。
另外,研究还表明:本发明这种新型的基本恒沸组合物显示的露点压力和泡点压力具有很小的压差。正如众所周知的技术,在相同温度下,露点压力和泡点压力之间的压差是混合物呈现恒沸或类似共沸的表征。经试验论证,本发明基本恒沸组合物的压差与一些已知的非共沸组合物比较是很小的。
本发明组合物进一步的特征在于:在恒温下,这种混合物在泡点时对应的压力和在露点时对应的压力之间的压差不大于10磅/英寸2(表压)。
在本技术领域中同样认识到:与真正的共沸物一样,含有同样组份的各种组合物,它不仅与用于致冷和其它用途的真正共沸物一样显示出基本相同的性能,而且与真正共沸物一样,在恒沸特性方面亦显示出基本相同的性能,并且在其它温度和压力下沸腾时,也没有偏析或分离的迹象。
其它氟化烃也可以加入到HFC-32和丙烷的恒沸混合物中而基本上不改变组合物的类似共沸性质。可以加入到本发明恒沸混合物中的典型氟化烃包括:一氯二氟甲烷(HCFC-22),五氟乙烷(HFC-125),全氟丙烷(FC-218),1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HFC-134),1-氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷(HCFC-124a),1-氯-1,2,2,2-四氟乙烷(HCFC-124),1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC-227ea),1,1,1,2,2,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC-227ca),1,1,1-三氟乙烷(HFC-143a),三氟乙烷(HFC-23),1,1-二氟乙烷(HFC-152a)和氟代乙烷(HFC-161)。
通常加入本发明氟化烃组合物中的添加物包括:润滑剂、缓蚀剂、稳定剂和着色剂。
除了致冷方面的用途的外,本发明的新型恒沸组合物还可用于气溶胶喷射剂、传热介质,气体电介质,灭火剂,聚合物如聚烯烃和聚氨脂的膨胀剂,以及功率循环工作流体。
这里所述的组合物可通过冷凝恒化合物并随后蒸发这种组合物如冷凝液来提供致冷作用,而使周围的物体被冷却,进一步地,这些组合物也可用来提供加热,例如用于热泵中,通过蒸发组合物并随后冷凝恒沸组合物而使周围的物体被加热。
由于本发明基本恒沸组合物实际上相当于单一物质,因此使用这些组合物可以消除体系运转中组份分离的问题。
本发明组合物与致冷剂502相比较具有的耗臭氧势为零,而致冷剂502的耗臭氧势为0.25。
实施例1
对二氟甲烷和丙烷的混合物进行相态研究,其中改变组合物组成,并在-15.3℃的恒温下测量蒸气压。通过观测最大蒸气压作为得到恒沸组合物的依据。表示如下:
二氟甲烷=大约70%(重量)
丙烷=大约30%(重量)
蒸气压=约4832乇 在-15.3℃时
在其它温度下的相态研究表明的共沸物有如下变化:
(a)二氟甲烷=约72%(重量)
丙烷=约28%(重量)
蒸气压=约15997乇,在25℃时
(b)二氟甲烷=约74%(重量)
丙烷=约26%(重量)
蒸气压=约28954乇 在50℃时
(c)二氟甲烷=约68%(重量)
丙烷=约32%(重量)
蒸气压=约1216乇 在-50℃时
实施例2
对二氟甲烷和丙烷的恒沸组合物进行相态研究:在25℃时,验证最小分离作用和蒸气压变化以及气相损失时的组成变化。对初始液相(IQ),最终液相(FQ),初始气压(O),最终气相(1),蒸气压和从初始蒸气压变化的蒸气均进行了研究,以测定蒸气渗漏对组成和蒸气压两者的影响。如下表1所示:
表1
组成 蒸气压
混合物 (wt%) 蒸气压 变化
样品 损失量 HFC-32 丙烷 (psia) (psia%)
IQ 0 70.0 30.0 310.0 0
0 0 72.2 27.8 310.0 0
1 50 71.9 28.1 309.9 0.03
FQ 50 67.9 32.1 309.9 0.03
IQ 0 80.0 20.0 309.3 0
0 0 74.3 25.7 309.3 0
1 50 76.0 24.0 307.0 0.7
FQ 50 85.1 14.9 307.0 0.7
IQ 0 90.0 10.0 301.5 0
0 0 78.7 21.3 301.5 0
1 50 89.3 10.7 273.9 9.2
FQ 50 97.4 2.6 273.9 9.2
上表的数据表明:二氟甲烷和丙烷的混合物(代表本发明组合物的两个极端条件)是基本恒沸的,随着初始混合物的50%被蒸发掉,蒸气压的最大变化仅有9.2%。如果一种混合物在25℃恒温时渗漏50%后,它的蒸气压变化小于10%,这种混合物就可以被认为是基本恒沸的。
实施例3
本发明基本恒沸组合物致冷性能的评价,并与单一化合物HCFC-22,致冷剂502和五氟乙烷(HFC-125)相比较,如表2所示:
表2
致冷特性比较
32/丙烷
(wt%)
组分 HCFC-22 R-502 HFC-125 80/20 70/30
蒸发器
温度,°F -30 -30 -30 -30 -30
蒸发器
压力
磅/英寸2(表压) 19.6 24.0 26.7 34.7 45.8
冷凝器
温度,°F 115 115 115 115 115
冷凝器
压力
磅/英寸2(表压) 258 282 327 420 389
压缩机
出口
温度°F 303 239 223 337 273
特性因数 1.97 1.89 1.69 1.83 2.06
致冷能力
(Btu/min) 76.6 80.0 79.4 124 151
特性因数(C.O.P.)是净致冷效果与压缩功之比值。它是致冷机能量效率的度量。
功率是指蒸发器中致冷剂的焓变化,即单位时间致冷剂在蒸发器中所移走的热量。致冷能力是以固定的压缩机排量为基准的。
对于表2中所示的用于蒸发器和冷凝器的条件所代表的致冷循环。在本实施例中所示的C.O.P.高于五氟乙烷(HFC-125)单独的C.O.P.。HFC-32和丙烷共沸物的C.O.P.也比R-502和HCFC-22两者都高。HFC-32和丙烷共沸混合物的功率均比HCFC-22,R-502或HFC-125高。
对于表2中所示的用于蒸发器和冷凝器的条件所代表的致冷循环,致冷能力被认为是最关键的变量之一。
实施例4
按指定的用量组成的本发明基本恒沸组合物的压力差是通过测定每一种配方在25℃时的露点压力和25℃时的泡点压力之间的差值来表示的。为便于比较,给出了要求组成范围之外的混合物的压差。
表3
25℃时的露点和泡点压力
致冷剂组成 露点 泡点 压差
(weight%) 磅/英寸2(表压) 磅/英寸2(表压) 磅/英寸2(表压)
HFC-32+丙烷 269.9 307.7 38.6
(60+40)
HFC-32+丙烷 290.5 309.5 19.0
(65+35)
HFC-32+丙烷 307.2 310.0 2.8
(70+30)
HFC-32+丙烷 307.4 309.2 1.8
(72+28)
HFC-32+丙烷 307.8 309.3 1.5
(80+20)
HFC-32+丙烷 309.3 307.0 2.3
(85+15)
HFC-32+丙烷 310.0 301.5 8.5
(90+10)
HFC-32+丙烷 306.6 287.6 19.0
(95+5)
HFC-32+丙烷 277.5 259.2 18.3
(99+1)
结果显示,在25℃时,露点压力和泡点压力之间只有很小的压差。这表明这种组合物不产生有效的分离作用,并显示出如单一化合物一样具有的基本恒定的沸点。
Claims (6)
1、一种由(a)二氟甲烷和(b)丙烷所组成的组成的基本恒沸组合物,其中所说的组合物含有67~90%(重量)的二氟甲烷,以(a)和(b)和重量之和为基准。
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合物是由67~75%(重量)的二氟甲烷和25~33%(重量)的丙烷所组成。
3、根据权利要求1所述的组合物是由70%(重量)的二氟甲烷和30%(重量)的丙烷所组成,在4832乇时具有的沸点为-15.3℃。
4、一种致冷的方法,其包括将权利要求1所述的组合物冷凝,随后将所述的组合物在需要被冷却物体的周围蒸发。
5、一种致冷方法,其包括将权利要求2所述的组合物冷凝,随后将所述的组合物在需要被冷却的物体周围蒸发。
6、一种致冷的方法,其包括将权利要求3所述的组合物冷凝,随后将所述的组合物在需要被冷却的物体周围蒸发。
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/767,846 US5234613A (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1991-09-30 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
ES92921823T ES2121869T3 (es) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Composiciones de difluorometano y propano de punto de ebullicion sustancialmente constante. |
AU28609/92A AU2860992A (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
DE69227047T DE69227047T2 (de) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Zusammensetzung von difluormethan und propan mit wesentlichem konstantem siedepunkt |
PCT/US1992/008714 WO1994009082A1 (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
EP92921823A EP0664822B1 (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
JP50993294A JP3282816B2 (ja) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | ジフルオロメタン及びプロパンの実質的に一定に沸騰する組成物 |
CN92113141.0A CN1087107A (zh) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-11-16 | 二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/767,846 US5234613A (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1991-09-30 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
PCT/US1992/008714 WO1994009082A1 (en) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-10-13 | Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and propane |
CN92113141.0A CN1087107A (zh) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-11-16 | 二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1087107A true CN1087107A (zh) | 1994-05-25 |
Family
ID=36791821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN92113141.0A Pending CN1087107A (zh) | 1991-09-30 | 1992-11-16 | 二氟甲烷与丙烷组成的基本恒沸组合物 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5234613A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0664822B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3282816B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1087107A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2860992A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69227047T2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2121869T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994009082A1 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN101781548A (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-07-21 | 华中科技大学 | 一种制冷剂 |
CN112126410A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种混合制冷剂及其制备方法和应用、汽车空调系统 |
CN112409993A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | 一种适用于lng冷能利用的安全高效混合工质 |
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FR2682395B1 (fr) * | 1991-10-09 | 1993-12-10 | Atochem | Melanges de 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, de perfluoropropane et de propane, et leurs applications comme fluides frigorigenes, comme propulseurs d'aerosols ou comme agents d'expansion des mousses plastiques. |
US5601753A (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 1997-02-11 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Blowing composition, method for producing foam using the composition and foam |
US5458798A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1995-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon |
IT1270960B (it) * | 1993-08-13 | 1997-05-26 | Ausimont Spa | Miscele ternarie quasi azeotropiche con fluidi refrigeranti |
US5736062A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1998-04-07 | Ausimont S.P.A. | Azeotrope-like mixtures utilizable as refrigerating fluids |
US6001273A (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1999-12-14 | Minor; Barbara Haviland | Binary azeotropes of difluoromethane and hydrocarbons |
US5417871A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-05-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hydrofluorocarbon compositions |
JPH09208939A (ja) * | 1996-02-07 | 1997-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ジフルオロメタン/炭化水素混合冷媒およびそれを用いた冷凍サイクル装置 |
US6204718B1 (en) | 1999-06-25 | 2001-03-20 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | Method and apparatus for generating second-order predistortion without third-order distortion |
KR100405189B1 (ko) | 2001-02-16 | 2003-11-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 혼합냉매 조성물 |
US6841087B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2005-01-11 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane |
WO2004003098A2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-01-08 | Goble George H | Nonflammable, nonozone depleting, refrigerant mixtures suitable for use in mineral oil |
US6800216B2 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-10-05 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Refrigerant composition for replacing chlorodifluoromethane |
US6776922B2 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-08-17 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Refrigerant composition comprising difluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane |
KR20060009189A (ko) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-31 | 한국과학기술원 | 대체 혼합냉매 조성물 |
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-
1991
- 1991-09-30 US US07/767,846 patent/US5234613A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-10-13 WO PCT/US1992/008714 patent/WO1994009082A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-10-13 JP JP50993294A patent/JP3282816B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-13 EP EP92921823A patent/EP0664822B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-13 ES ES92921823T patent/ES2121869T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-13 DE DE69227047T patent/DE69227047T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-13 AU AU28609/92A patent/AU2860992A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-11-16 CN CN92113141.0A patent/CN1087107A/zh active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101781548A (zh) * | 2010-03-19 | 2010-07-21 | 华中科技大学 | 一种制冷剂 |
CN112126410A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-25 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种混合制冷剂及其制备方法和应用、汽车空调系统 |
CN112409993A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-26 | 江苏中圣高科技产业有限公司 | 一种适用于lng冷能利用的安全高效混合工质 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1994009082A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
DE69227047D1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
ES2121869T3 (es) | 1998-12-16 |
US5234613A (en) | 1993-08-10 |
DE69227047T2 (de) | 1999-03-18 |
AU2860992A (en) | 1994-05-09 |
JPH08502477A (ja) | 1996-03-19 |
EP0664822B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
EP0664822A1 (en) | 1995-08-02 |
JP3282816B2 (ja) | 2002-05-20 |
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