CN108306170B - A laser device optimized using the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect - Google Patents
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- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 thulium ions Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
- H01S3/1086—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering using scattering effects, e.g. Raman or Brillouin effect
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种激光装置，具体涉及的是一种利用受激布里渊散射效应对激光输出模式进行优化的激光装置。The invention relates to a laser device, and in particular to a laser device that utilizes the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect to optimize a laser output mode.
背景技术Background technique
泌尿结石是泌尿外科的常见疾病和多发病，结石可见于肾、膀胱、输尿管和尿道的任何部位，泌尿系结石易并发梗阻与感染，常伴有剧痛症状，给患者带来很大的痛苦。Urinary stones are a common disease and frequently-occurring disease in urology. Stones can be found in any part of the kidney, bladder, ureter and urethra. Urinary stones are easily complicated by obstruction and infection, and are often accompanied by severe pain symptoms, causing great pain to patients. .
钬激光碎石在1995年首次应用于腔内碎石治疗，相对于其它腔内碎石术，其优点明显，例如钬激光能够粉碎各种成分和密度的结石，一次性碎石率高；碎石时结石无移动，且产生的碎屑较小，结石排净日期也明显缩短，减少了住院时间；钬激光碎石时内窥镜视野不被干扰，且产生的冲击波效应很弱，因而不会损伤输尿管黏膜；另外由于钬激光可以同时处理息肉，因此对被息肉包裹住的结石的疗效明显优于其他方法。Holmium laser lithotripsy was first used in intracavitary lithotripsy in 1995. Compared with other intracavitary lithotripsy techniques, it has obvious advantages. For example, holmium laser can crush stones of various compositions and densities, and the one-time lithotripsy rate is high; The stone does not move during lithotripsy, and the debris produced is smaller, and the time for stone removal is also significantly shortened, which reduces the hospitalization time; the endoscopic view is not disturbed during holmium laser lithotripsy, and the shock wave effect generated is very weak, so it is not necessary It will damage the ureteral mucosa; in addition, because the holmium laser can treat polyps at the same time, the effect on stones wrapped by polyps is significantly better than other methods.
目前市面上的钬激光碎石治疗仪，均为自由运转的钬激光系统，其激光输出脉宽在几百微秒量级，其在面对巨大结石、鹿角形结石、输尿管上段结石和特殊成分结石等，往往会显得效果欠佳。根据E.Duco Jansen等人研究，纳秒量级的调Q钬激光，由于其脉宽窄，峰值功率高，其碎石效率相较于自由运转的钬激光来说有非常明显的提升，对于巨大结石、鹿角形结石、特殊成分结石等，使用调Q钬激光进行碎石效果非常好，同时其对生物组织的热损伤较低，降低了手术的副作用。The holmium laser lithotripsy treatment devices currently on the market are all free-running holmium laser systems. Their laser output pulse width is in the order of hundreds of microseconds. They are suitable for treating huge stones, staghorn stones, upper ureteral stones and special components. Stones, etc., often appear to be less effective. According to research by E.Duco Jansen et al., the nanosecond-level Q-switched holmium laser has a significantly improved lithotripsy efficiency compared with the free-running holmium laser due to its narrow pulse width and high peak power. For giant stones, staghorn-shaped stones, stones with special ingredients, etc., using Q-switched holmium laser for lithotripsy is very effective. At the same time, it causes less thermal damage to biological tissues and reduces the side effects of surgery.
但是，对于高峰值功率、窄脉宽的调Q钬激光技术，目前面临着一些技术障碍。例如在近红外波段(1064nm)处有成熟的、性能优越的电光调Q晶体KD*P，而在中红外波段则缺乏光损伤阈值高、电光性能好的晶体；再者，钬激光属于准三能级结构，在高峰值功率电光调Q运转下，其热透镜效应、热退偏效应将非常明显，不仅会显著降低激光效率使峰值功率大打折扣，也会使光束模式变差，不利于其相关应用。However, Q-switched holmium laser technology with high peak power and narrow pulse width currently faces some technical obstacles. For example, in the near-infrared band (1064nm), there is a mature and superior electro-optical Q-switched crystal KD*P, but in the mid-infrared band, there is a lack of crystals with high photodamage threshold and good electro-optical performance; furthermore, holmium laser is a quasi-III Energy level structure, under high peak power electro-optical Q-switched operation, the thermal lens effect and thermal depolarization effect will be very obvious, which will not only significantly reduce the laser efficiency and greatly reduce the peak power, but also worsen the beam pattern, which is not conducive to its Related applications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的不足之处，以及上述问题或缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种利用受激布里渊散射效应进行优化的激光装置，其通过受激布里渊散射(SBS)效应进行对激光输出模式的补偿和优化。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, as well as the above-mentioned problems or defects, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser device optimized by using the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect, which uses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The laser output mode is compensated and optimized for the effect.
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现，在光路上依次设置有补偿装置、激光增益介质、泵浦源、起偏器、电光调Q晶体、输出镜；In order to achieve the above technical objectives and achieve the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions. A compensation device, a laser gain medium, a pump source, a polarizer, an electro-optical Q-switched crystal, and an output mirror are sequentially provided on the optical path;
其中，所述补偿装置具有全反功能，包括受激布里渊散射结构、自适应透镜组以及能量检测装置；Wherein, the compensation device has a total reflection function and includes a stimulated Brillouin scattering structure, an adaptive lens group and an energy detection device;
所述自适应透镜组由一片固定镜片和一片可移动镜片组成。The adaptive lens group consists of a fixed lens and a movable lens.
优选的是，所述受激布里渊散射结构为单池结构或者双池结构；Preferably, the stimulated Brillouin scattering structure is a single cell structure or a double cell structure;
其中，所述单池结构为单一受激布里渊散射介质池；Wherein, the single pool structure is a single stimulated Brillouin scattering medium pool;
所述双池结构由两个受激布里渊散射介质池中间夹一个凸透镜组成。The double-cell structure consists of two stimulated Brillouin scattering medium cells sandwiching a convex lens.
优选的是，所述受激布里渊散射介质池为密封有受激布里渊散射介质的圆柱体容器，其两端为窗口片；Preferably, the stimulated Brillouin scattering medium pool is a cylindrical container sealed with stimulated Brillouin scattering medium, and its two ends are windows;
其中，所述受激布里渊散射介质为FC-40、FC-72、FC-770、FC-3283中的一种或多种。Wherein, the stimulated Brillouin scattering medium is one or more of FC-40, FC-72, FC-770, and FC-3283.
优选的是，所述自适应透镜组中的固定镜片是凸透镜或凹透镜，可移动镜片是由步进电机驱动的凸透镜或凹透镜。Preferably, the fixed lens in the adaptive lens group is a convex lens or a concave lens, and the movable lens is a convex lens or a concave lens driven by a stepper motor.
优选的是，所述步进电机内设置有控制单元，该控制单元能够接受能量检测装置传输的能量值信号，并根据该信号调节步进电机步进的距离。Preferably, the stepper motor is provided with a control unit, which can receive the energy value signal transmitted by the energy detection device and adjust the step distance of the stepper motor according to the signal.
优选的是，所述能量检测装置分别与泵浦源和步进电机内控制单元相连接，该能量检测装置通过检测泵浦源的电流来预判激光装置输出能量的大小从而形成能量值信号，并将该能量值信号传输给步进电机内的控制单元。Preferably, the energy detection device is connected to the pump source and the internal control unit of the stepper motor respectively. The energy detection device predicts the output energy of the laser device by detecting the current of the pump source to form an energy value signal. And transmit the energy value signal to the control unit in the stepper motor.
优选的是，所述激光增益介质选自Cr,Tm,Ho:YAG激光棒、Nd:YAG激光棒、Nd:YVO4激光棒、Nd:YLF激光棒中的一种。Preferably, the laser gain medium is selected from one of Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG laser rod, Nd:YAG laser rod, Nd:YVO 4 laser rod, and Nd:YLF laser rod.
优选的是，所述泵浦源选自氙灯、氪灯、半导体阵列中的一种。Preferably, the pump source is selected from the group consisting of a xenon lamp, a krypton lamp, and a semiconductor array.
优选的是，所述电光调Q晶体为KD*P晶体或者掺杂特定比例MgO的La3Ga5SiO14晶体。Preferably, the electro-optical Q-switched crystal is a KD*P crystal or a La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 crystal doped with a specific proportion of MgO.
优选的是，所述掺杂特定比例MgO的La3Ga5SiO14晶体的原料及用量配比为：Preferably, the raw materials and dosage ratio of the La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 crystal doped with a specific proportion of MgO are:
本发明的有益效果是：本发明采用基于受激布里渊效应的补偿装置，通过自适应的透镜组，来实现在不同泵浦能量下，都能对激光器的热透镜效应、横模的畸变进行补偿，提升激光器的输出效率，改善激光器的光束模式。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention uses a compensation device based on the stimulated Brillouin effect, and uses an adaptive lens group to realize the thermal lens effect and transverse mode distortion of the laser under different pump energies. Compensate to increase the output efficiency of the laser and improve the beam pattern of the laser.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为激光装置结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the laser device;
图2为补偿装置结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the compensation device.
图中标号说明：1-补偿装置、2-激光增益介质、3-泵浦源、4-起偏器、5-电光调Q晶体、6-输出镜、7-增透膜、8-输出激光、11-SBS介质池、12-固定镜片、13-可移动镜片、14-步进电机。Description of numbers in the figure: 1-compensation device, 2-laser gain medium, 3-pump source, 4-polarizer, 5-electro-optic Q-switched crystal, 6-output mirror, 7-antireflection coating, 8-output laser , 11-SBS media pool, 12-fixed lens, 13-movable lens, 14-stepper motor.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the text of the description.
应当理解，本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不排出一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。It should be understood that terms such as "having," "comprising," and "including" as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.
图1、图2示出了根据本发明的一种实现形式，其包括：Figures 1 and 2 show an implementation form according to the present invention, which includes:
具有全反功能的补偿装置1，该构件利用受激布里渊散射(SBS)的共轭特性，将入射进SBS结构的超过SBS阈值的激光原路、原相位的反射回去，再次经过有缺陷/有热效应的激光增益介质，从而达到优化光束质量以及补偿激光棒热透镜效应的作用。Compensation device 1 with total reflection function. This component uses the conjugation characteristics of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) to reflect the original path and original phase of the laser that exceeds the SBS threshold that is incident into the SBS structure, and then passes through the defective laser again. /Laser gain medium with thermal effect, thereby optimizing beam quality and compensating for the thermal lens effect of the laser rod.
激光增益介质2，为一根位于激光谐振腔内的Cr,Tm,Ho:YAG激光棒，用以吸收泵浦光输出的2090nm钬激光，其两端镀有2090nm波段的增透膜；该Cr,Tm,Ho:YAG激光棒的离子掺杂浓度为Cr：1.32mol％、Tm：5.82mol％、Ho：0.4mol％，该掺杂浓度下，临近铥离子之间会发生交叉弛豫(3H4→3F4，3H6→3F4)，一个泵浦源光子可以将两个铥离子激发到3F4级，有效提高激光器的效率，同时又可避免因铥离子过高而导致离子团簇的出现，从而获得高效率的钬激光输出。Laser gain medium 2 is a Cr, Tm, Ho:YAG laser rod located in the laser resonant cavity to absorb the 2090nm holmium laser output by the pump light. Its two ends are coated with anti-reflection coatings in the 2090nm band; the Cr , The ion doping concentration of the Tm, Ho:YAG laser rod is Cr: 1.32mol%, Tm: 5.82mol%, Ho: 0.4mol%. At this doping concentration, cross-relaxation will occur between adjacent thulium ions ( 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 , 3 H 6 → 3 F 4 ), one pump source photon can excite two thulium ions to 3 F 4 level, which effectively improves the efficiency of the laser and avoids damage caused by excessive thulium ions. Leading to the emergence of ion clusters, thereby obtaining high-efficiency holmium laser output.
泵浦源3，为一个包含聚四氟乙烯紧包腔的氙灯，共同对激光增益介质进行高效率的泵浦。Pump source 3 is a xenon lamp containing a tight cavity of polytetrafluoroethylene, which jointly pumps the laser gain medium with high efficiency.
起偏器4，为三层平行等距，且与光轴呈布鲁斯特角放置的白宝石片。The polarizer 4 is composed of three layers of white sapphire sheets that are parallel and equidistant and placed at Brewster's angle with the optical axis.
电光调Q晶体5，为掺杂特定比例MgO的La3Ga5SiO14晶体，其原料初始配比为MgO：3.7mol％、La2O3：31.8mol％、Ga2O3：53.9mol％、SiO2：10.6mol％；对于LGS晶体中掺MgO浓度在3.7mol％左右时，晶体中会伴生晶格弛豫，这将引起离子环境的变化，并使晶体的物理性质发生突变，尤其是其光损伤阈值将提升数倍，达到与KD*P相当的水平。同时，掺MgO浓度过高会导致LGS晶体的光透过率迅速下降，故初始原料中3.7mol％的MgO能够保证LGS晶体拥有较高光损伤阈值的前提下，保持优秀的电光性能及光透过率。生长LGS晶体的原始配料中，如若Ga2O3的配比偏低，则可能会有LaGaO3或La2Si2O7等析出，这将在LGS晶体中形成新的晶核，使其电光性能大打折扣，而适当增加Ga2O3的配比则可以避免这种情况的发生并且可以在一定程度上提高晶体的长出量。故而原料初始配比为MgO：3.7mol％、La2O3：31.8mol％、Ga2O3：53.9mol％、SiO2：10.6mol％时，生长出来的LGS晶体将是中红外波段性能优越的电光调Q晶体，能够为实现高峰值功率的纳秒级钬激光输出提供条件。The electro-optical Q-switched crystal 5 is a La 3 Ga 5 SiO 14 crystal doped with a specific proportion of MgO. Its initial raw material ratio is MgO: 3.7 mol%, La 2 O 3 : 31.8 mol%, Ga 2 O 3 : 53.9 mol%. , SiO 2 : 10.6 mol%; when the concentration of MgO doped in LGS crystal is about 3.7 mol%, the crystal will be accompanied by lattice relaxation, which will cause changes in the ion environment and cause mutations in the physical properties of the crystal, especially Its light damage threshold will be increased several times to reach a level comparable to KD*P. At the same time, too high a concentration of doped MgO will cause the light transmittance of the LGS crystal to drop rapidly. Therefore, 3.7 mol% MgO in the initial raw material can ensure that the LGS crystal has a high light damage threshold and maintains excellent electro-optical performance and light transmission. Rate. If the proportion of Ga 2 O 3 in the original ingredients for growing LGS crystals is low, LaGaO 3 or La 2 Si 2 O 7 may precipitate, which will form new crystal nuclei in the LGS crystal, making it electro-optical. The performance is greatly reduced, and appropriately increasing the proportion of Ga 2 O 3 can avoid this situation and increase the amount of crystal growth to a certain extent. Therefore, when the initial ratio of raw materials is MgO: 3.7 mol%, La 2 O 3 : 31.8 mol%, Ga 2 O 3 : 53.9 mol%, SiO 2 : 10.6 mol%, the grown LGS crystal will have superior performance in the mid-infrared band The electro-optical Q-switched crystal can provide conditions for realizing nanosecond-level holmium laser output with high peak power.
其中，补偿装置1具有全反功能，包括SBS结构11、自适应透镜组以及能量检测装置。SBS结构11为单池结构，是一外径4.5cm，内径4cm，长60cm的圆柱形容器，其内部密封的SBS介质为FC-72，两端由窗口片密封，窗口片镀有2090nm的增透膜。自适应透镜组由一片固定的凸透镜12、一片可移动的凸透镜13和步进电机14组成，步进电机14驱动凸透镜13沿光轴方向移动以改变凸透镜12和凸透镜13组成的透镜组的焦距。能量检测装置通过检测氙灯的电流来预判激光能量的大小，并将能量值信号传输给步进电机的控制单元，从而控制步进电机步进的距离。Among them, the compensation device 1 has a total reflection function and includes an SBS structure 11, an adaptive lens group and an energy detection device. SBS structure 11 is a single-cell structure, which is a cylindrical container with an outer diameter of 4.5cm, an inner diameter of 4cm, and a length of 60cm. The SBS medium sealed inside is FC-72, and both ends are sealed by window plates. The windows are coated with 2090nm enhanced Permeable membrane. The adaptive lens group consists of a fixed convex lens 12, a movable convex lens 13 and a stepper motor 14. The stepper motor 14 drives the convex lens 13 to move along the optical axis direction to change the focal length of the lens group composed of the convex lens 12 and the convex lens 13. The energy detection device predicts the size of the laser energy by detecting the current of the xenon lamp, and transmits the energy value signal to the control unit of the stepper motor, thereby controlling the step distance of the stepper motor.
激光在SBS介质中要产生SBS效应共轭反射，需要其在介质中的能量密度达到SBS阈值，而对固定的SBS结构，大激光能量下，能够大于SBS阈值产生共轭反射，但小能量下，可能就达不到SBS阈值从而不能够起到共轭反射的作用。另一方面，功率密度过大亦会在介质中产生击穿效应从而导致反射率大大降低。本方案通过自适应透镜组配合能量检测装置，实现在不同激光能量下，通过调节SBS介质池前的透镜组焦距，得到最佳的能量密度，从而实现对不同泵浦能量下均可以对激光器的热透镜效应、横模的畸变进行补偿，提升激光器的输出效率，改善激光器的光束模式。For laser to produce SBS effect conjugate reflection in SBS medium, its energy density in the medium needs to reach the SBS threshold. For a fixed SBS structure, under high laser energy, it can produce conjugate reflection greater than the SBS threshold, but under low energy , it may not reach the SBS threshold and thus not be able to play the role of conjugate reflection. On the other hand, excessive power density will also produce a breakdown effect in the medium, resulting in a significant reduction in reflectivity. This solution uses an adaptive lens group combined with an energy detection device to achieve the optimal energy density under different laser energies by adjusting the focal length of the lens group in front of the SBS dielectric cell, thereby achieving control of the laser under different pump energies. Thermal lens effect and transverse mode distortion are compensated to improve the output efficiency of the laser and improve the beam pattern of the laser.
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用。它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域。对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改。因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the uses set forth in the specification and description. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalent scope.
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| DE4009116A1 (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-09-26 | Festkoerper Laser Inst Berlin | Polarised solid-state laser - has phase-conjugate SBS mirrors with use of differential thresholds to sustain stable emission |
| EP0478180A2 (en) * | 1990-09-22 | 1992-04-01 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Laser resonator |
| CN101335419A (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2008-12-31 | 山东大学 | Eye-safe Raman laser based on 1.3 μm electro-optic switch based on lanthanum silicate crystal |
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