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CN108136185B - 用于调整可植入医疗装置中的起搏速率的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于调整可植入医疗装置中的起搏速率的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN108136185B
CN108136185B CN201680058741.2A CN201680058741A CN108136185B CN 108136185 B CN108136185 B CN 108136185B CN 201680058741 A CN201680058741 A CN 201680058741A CN 108136185 B CN108136185 B CN 108136185B
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保罗·荷斯康
迈克尔·J·凯恩
道格拉斯·J·吉福德
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • A61N1/36514Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure
    • A61N1/36521Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure the parameter being derived from measurement of an electrical impedance
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/375Constructional arrangements, e.g. casings
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
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    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/3621Heart stimulators for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/3627Heart stimulators for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/362Heart stimulators
    • A61N1/365Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential
    • A61N1/36514Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure
    • A61N1/36542Heart stimulators controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential controlled by a physiological quantity other than heart potential, e.g. blood pressure controlled by body motion, e.g. acceleration

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Abstract

公开了用于限制可植入医疗装置中的提高的起搏速率的持续时间的系统、装置和方法。说明性的装置可以包括外壳、被连接至外壳的多个电极以及处于外壳之内并且被连接至电极的控制器。控制器可以以基础起搏速率将起搏脉冲递送至电极,检测可随时间变化的提高的代谢需求的测量值,基于提高的代谢需求的测量值以提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲。当起搏速率被提高时,控制器可以改变心脏压力跟踪值(HSTV),并且在起搏速率提高得相对较高的时间期间被改变得快于起搏速率提高得相对较低的时间期间。在HSTV越过预定的心脏压力阈值之后,提高的起搏速率可以朝向基础起搏速率减少。

Description

用于调整可植入医疗装置中的起搏速率的装置和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2015年10月8日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号62/239,025的权益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于诸如以速率应答(rate responsive)的方式调整可植入医疗装置的起搏速率的系统、装置和方法,并且更具体地涉及用于限制可植入医疗装置中的提高的起搏速率的持续时间的系统、装置和方法。
背景技术
起搏仪器可以被用于治疗遭受各种心脏疾病的患者,这些心脏疾病导致心脏向患者的身体递送足够量的血液的能力降低。这些心脏疾病可以导致快速的、不规律的和/或无效率的心脏收缩。为了帮助减轻这些疾病中的一些,各种装置(例如,起搏器、除颤器等)可以被植入在患者身体中。这些装置可以监视电刺激并将电刺激提供给心脏以帮助心脏以更加正常、有效率和/或安全的方式运行。在一些情况下,这种装置可以具有基于患者的当前代谢需求而改变起搏速率的速率响应能力。在一些情况下,装置可以是可植入医疗装置系统的部分。
发明内容
本公开总体上涉及用于诸如以速率应答的方式调整可植入医疗装置的起搏速率的系统、装置和方法,并且更具体地涉及用于限制可植入医疗装置中的提高的起搏速率的持续时间的系统、装置和方法。
在第一说明性实施例中,一种无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)可以包括外部壳体、相对于所述外部壳体连接的多个暴露的电极以及被设置在所述外部壳体内并且可操作地连接至所述多个暴露的电极的控制器。所述控制器可以被配置为:以基础起搏速率经由所述多个暴露的电极递送起搏脉冲;检测代谢需求的测量值(measure),其中所述代谢需求的测量值随时间而变化;在确定出相对于代谢需求的基础测量值的提高的代谢需求之后,以相对于所述基础起搏速率提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲,其中所述提高的起搏速率随时间而变化并且取决于检测出的代谢需求的测量值;在以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲的时间期间,改变心脏压力跟踪值(heart stress tracking vaule),其中相对于在递送提高得较低的起搏速率时的时间期间,在递送提高得较高的起搏速率时的时间期间所述心脏压力跟踪值被改变得更快;并且确定所述心脏压力跟踪值是否越过预定的心脏压力阈值,并且如果是这样的话,则将所述提高的起搏速率朝着所述基础起搏速率降低。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器可以被配置为随时间单调地增加所述心脏压力跟踪值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器可以被配置为随时间单调地减少所述心脏压力跟踪值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,如果所述代谢需求的测量值不再相对于所述代谢需求的基础测量值而有所提高,则所述控制器可以被配置为以所述基础起搏速率递送起搏脉冲。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器可以被配置为如果不再以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲至少预定时间长度,则重置所述心脏压力跟踪值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器还可以被配置为,如果所述提高的起搏速率降至阈值起搏速率以下,则暂停改变所述心脏压力跟踪值,所述阈值起搏速率高于所述基础起搏速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述LCP还可以包括加速度计,所述加速度计被设置在所述外部壳体之内,并且其中,所述控制器可以被配置为通过监视所述加速度计的输出来检测所述代谢需求的测量值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器可以被配置为经由所述多个暴露的电极通过监视阻抗信号来检测所述代谢需求的测量值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述阻抗信号提供了呼吸率的测量值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述控制器可以被配置为确定所述心脏压力跟踪值是否越过了所述预定的心脏压力阈值,并且如果是这样的话,则将所述提高的起搏速率降低至所述基础起搏速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述基础起搏速率可以为下限速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,计数器可以被用于在当以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲时的时间期间改变所述心脏压力跟踪值。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第一说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,相对于在当递送提高得较低的起搏速率时的时间,在递送提高得较高的起搏速率时的时间期间计数器可以被以更快的速率增加;
在第二说明性实施例中,一种用于调整医疗装置的起搏速率的方法可以包括:由所述医疗装置以基于确定出的代谢需求而随时间变化的起搏速率生成起搏脉冲;当以第一起搏速率或高于第一起搏速率生成起搏脉冲时,由所述医疗装置调整心脏压力跟踪值,其中所述心脏压力跟踪值的调整速率取决于当前起搏速率;由所述医疗装置确定所述心脏压力跟踪值何时越过预定的心脏压力阈值;并且在确定出所述心脏压力跟踪值越过所述预定的心脏压力阈值后,由所述医疗装置以第二起搏速率生成起搏脉冲,其中所述第二起搏速率低于所述第一起搏速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第二说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述方法还可以包括:在以低于起搏速率阈值的起搏速率生成起搏脉冲预定时间量之后,由所述医疗装置重置所述心脏压力跟踪值,所述起搏速率阈值低于所述第一起搏速率。
在第三说明性实施例中,一种用于生成起搏脉冲至患者心脏的可植入医疗装置可以包括:用于向患者心脏递送起搏脉冲的多个电极、被可操作地耦合至所述多个电极的脉冲发生器以及被可操作地耦合至所述脉冲发生器的控制器。所述脉冲发生器可以被配置为以当前起搏速率生成起搏脉冲并且将所述起搏脉冲递送至所述多个电极。所述控制器可以包括起搏速率电路,其被配置为确定看门狗电路和脉冲发生器的当前起搏速率。所述看门狗电路可以被配置为:监视随时间的当前起搏速率,并且如果当前起搏速率在起始时间处上升至超过预定起搏速率阈值且保持超过所述预定起搏速率阈值一个预定的阈值时间量,则迫使所述脉冲发生器的当前起搏速率处于基础起搏速率,并且如果在所述预定的阈值时间量期满之前当前起搏速率降至低于所述预定的起搏速率阈值,且保持低于所述预定的起搏速率阈值至少阈值时间量,则重置所述起始时间至当前起搏速率上升至超过所述预定的起搏速率阈值的下一时间。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第三说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,在迫使所述脉冲发生器的当前起搏速率处于所述基础起搏速率之后,所述看门狗电路可以被配置为维持当前起搏速率处于所述基础起搏速率至少预定的休息时间段。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第二说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,当当前起搏速率保持超过所述预定的起搏速率阈值时,所述预定的阈值时间量可以取决于当前起搏速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第二说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述起搏速率电路可以以速率应答的方式确定当前起搏速率。
另外地或可替代地,在关于所述第二说明性实施例的上述实施例中的任一个中,所述可植入医疗装置可以是被配置为被植入在心脏上或心脏内的无引线心脏起搏器。
上述发明内容并不意图描述本公开的每个实施例或每个实施方式。通过参考结合附图的以下描述和权利要求,本公开的优点和成就以及对本公开更全面理解将变得显而易见并且被领会到。
附图说明
结合附图而考虑各种说明性实施例的以下描述可更全面地理解本公开,其中:
图1是根据本公开的一个示例实施例的说明性无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的示意性框图;
图2是可以与图1的LCP一起使用的另一说明性医疗装置的示意性框图;
图3是包括彼此通信的多个LCP和/或其他装置的示例性医疗系统的示意图;
图4是根据本公开的另一实施例的包括LCP和另一医疗装置的系统的示意图;
图5是根据本公开的一个方面的用于实施监视器功能的控制器电路的示例的框图;
图6描绘了说明性的患者的代谢需求的图以及对应的起搏速率的图;
图7是用于以不同速率增加计数器的说明性电路的框图;
图8描绘了根据本公开的多个方面的当前起搏速率相对于时间的图以及心脏压力跟踪值可以如何基于当前起搏速率而被修改的对应的图;
图9描绘了根据本公开的多个方面的当前起搏速率相对于时间的图以及心脏压力跟踪值的对应的图,以及当前起搏速率可以如何基于心脏压力跟踪值而被修改;
图10描绘了根据本公开的多个方面的当前起搏速率相对于时间的另一图以及心脏压力跟踪值的对应的图,以及当前起搏速率可以如何基于心脏压力跟踪值而被修改;
图11描绘了根据本公开的多个方面的当前起搏速率相对于时间的另一图以及心脏压力跟踪值可以如何基于当前起搏速率而被修改的对应的图;
图12描绘了根据本公开的一个方面的用于实施监视器功能的另一示例的框图;并且
图13描绘了根据本公开的一个方面的用于实施监视器功能的又一示例的框图。
虽然本公开适于各种修改和替代形式,但是其细节已经借由附图中的实施例被示出并且将被详细描述。然而,应当理解,意图不是将本公开的方面限制于描述的特定说明性实施例。相反,意图是涵盖落入本公开的精神和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代方案。
具体实施方式
应当参考其中将不同附图中的类似元件相同地编号的附图来阅读以下描述。本描述和不一定按比例的附图描绘说明性实施例,并不意图限制本公开的范围。
图1是示例性无引线心脏起搏器(LCP)的概念示意性框图,其可以被植入在患者的心脏上或心室内,并且可以操作以感测生理信号和参数并将一种或多种类型的电刺激治疗递送到患者的心脏。示例性电刺激治疗可以包括心动过缓起搏、速率响应起搏治疗、心脏再同步治疗(CRT)、和/或抗心动过速起搏(ATP)等。如在图1中可以看出的,LCP 100可以是具有被容纳在LCP 100内或直接在外壳120上的所有组件的紧凑装置。在一些情况下,LCP 100可以包括通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104、电感测模块106、机械感测模块108、处理模块110、能量存储模块112和电极114。
如图1中描绘的,LCP 100可以包括电极114,其可以相对于外壳120被固定,并电性暴露于LCP 100周围的组织和/或血液。电极114通常可以将电信号传导至LCP 100和周围的组织和/或血液以及从其传导电信号。举例而言,这样的电信号可以包括通信信号、电刺激脉冲和固有心脏电信号。固有心脏电信号可以包括通过心脏生成的电信号,并且可由心电图(ECG)来表示。
电极114可以包括一种或多种生物相容性导电材料,诸如已知为可安全地植入人体内的各种金属或合金。在一些情况下,电极114可以通常被布置在LCP 100的任一端上并且可以处于与模块102、104、106、108和110中的一个或多个电通信中。在其中电极114被直接固定到外壳120的实施例中,绝缘材料可以将电极114与相邻电极、外壳120和/或LCP 100的其他部分电隔离。在这样情况下,电极114中的一些或全部可以与外壳120间隔开并且通过连接线被连接到LCP 100的外壳120和/或其他组件。在这样的情况下,电极114可以被放置在从外壳120远离其延伸的尾部(未示出)上。如图1中示出的,在一些实施例中,LCP 100可另外包括电极114’。电极114’可以是除了电极114以外的,或者可以替代电极114中的一个或多个。电极114’可以类似于电极114,除了电极114’被布置在LCP 100的侧面上之外。在这些情况下,电极114’可以增加LCP 100可以通过其递送通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲,和/或感测固有心脏电信号、通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲的电极数量。
电极114和/或114’可以采取各种尺寸和/或形状中的任何一种,并且可以以多种间隔中的任何一种隔开。例如,电极114可以具有二至二十毫米(mm)的外径。在其他实施例中,电极114和/或114’可以具有二、三、五、七毫米(mm)的直径或任何其他合适的直径、尺寸和/或形状。电极114和/或114’的示例长度可以包括例如一、三、五、十毫米(mm)的长度或任何其他合适长度。如本文使用的,长度是远离外壳120的外表面延伸的电极114和/或114’的尺寸。在一些情况下,电极114和/或114’中的至少一些可以彼此间隔二十、三十、四十、五十毫米(mm)的距离或任何其他合适的间隔。单个装置的电极114和/或114’可以相对于彼此具有不同的尺寸,并且装置上的电极的间隔和/或长度可能均匀或可能不均匀。
在示出的实施例中,通信模块102可以被电耦合到电极114和/或114’,并且可以被配置为向患者的组织递送通信脉冲,以与诸如传感器、编程器和/或其他医疗装置等的其他装置通信。如本文使用的,通信信号可以是由其本身或与一个或多个其他调制信号相结合地将信息传送到另一装置的任何调制信号。在一些实施例中,通信信号可以被限制为不导致心脏捕获但仍然传达信息的亚阈值信号。通信信号可以被递送到位于患者身体外部或内部的另一个装置。在一些情况下,通信可以采取分离不同时间量的有区别通信脉冲的形式。在其中一些情况下,连续脉冲之间的计时可以传达信息。通信模块102可以另外被配置为感测由可位于患者身体外部或内部的其他装置递送的通信信号。
通信模块102可以进行通信以帮助完成一个或多个期望的功能。一些示例功能包括递送感测数据,使用传送的数据以确定诸如心律失常的事件的发生,协调电刺激治疗的递送和/或其他功能。在某些情况下,LCP 100可以使用通信信号来传送原始信息、经处理的信息、消息和/或命令、和/或其他数据。原始信息可以包括诸如感测到的电信号(例如感测到的ECG)和从被耦合的传感器收集的信号等的信息。在一些实施例中,经处理的信息可以包括已经使用一个或多个信号处理技术来滤波的信号。经处理的信息还可以包括由LCP100和/或其他装置确定出的参数和/或事件,例如,确定出的心率、确定出的心跳的计时、其他确定出的事件的计时、阈值交叉点的确定、监视的时间段的到期、加速度计信号、活动水平参数、血氧参数、血压参数和心音参数等。消息和/或命令可以包括指导另一装置采取动作的指令等、发送装置即将发生的动作的通知、从接收装置读取的请求、向接收装置写入数据的请求、信息消息和/或其他消息命令。
在至少一些实施例中,通信模块102(或LCP 100)还可以包括切换电路以选择性地将电极114和/或114’中的一个或多个连接到通信模块102,以便选择通信模块102经由哪个电极114和/或114’递送通信脉冲。预期的是,通信模块102可以经由传导信号、射频(RF)信号、光信号、声信号、电感耦合和/或任何其他合适的通信方法学与其他装置进行通信。在通信模块102产生电通信信号的地方,通信模块102可以包括一个或多个电容器元件和/或其他电荷存储装置以帮助生成和递送通信信号。在所示的实施例中,通信模块102可以使用被存储在能量存储模块112中的能量来生成通信信号。在至少一些示例中,通信模块102可以包括切换电路,该切换电路连接到能量存储模块112,并且与切换电路一起可以将能量存储模块112连接到电极114/114'中的一个或多个以生成通信信号。
如图1所示,脉冲发生器模块104也可以被电连接到电极114和/或114’中的一个或多个。脉冲发生器模块104可以被配置为生成电刺激脉冲并且经由电极114和/或114’中的一个或多个将电刺激脉冲递送到患者的组织,以便实现一个或多个电刺激治疗。如本文使用的电刺激脉冲意图包括可以被递送到患者组织以用于治疗任何类型疾病或异常的目的的任何电信号。例如,当用于治疗心脏疾病时,脉冲发生器模块104可以生成用于捕获患者心脏的电刺激起搏脉冲,即,响应于递送的电刺激脉冲使心脏收缩。在这些情况下的一些情况下,LCP 100可以改变脉冲发生器104产生电刺激脉冲的速率,例如在速率应答起搏中。在其他实施例中,电刺激脉冲可以包括除颤/心律转复脉冲,以用于使心脏从纤维性颤动震动出或震动到正常心脏节律中。在其他实施例中,电刺激脉冲可以包括抗心动过速起搏(ATP)脉冲。应该明白,这些只是一些例子。当用于治疗其他疾病时,脉冲发生器模块104可以生成适用于神经刺激治疗等的电刺激脉冲。脉冲发生器模块104可以包括一个或多个电容器元件和/或其他电荷存储装置以帮助产生和递送适当的电刺激脉冲。在至少一些实施例中,脉冲发生器模块104可以使用被存储在能量存储模块112中的能量来生成电刺激脉冲。在一些特定实施例中,脉冲发生器模块104可以包括切换电路,该切换电路连接到能量存储模块112,并且可以将能量存储模块112连接到电极114/114'中的一个或多个以生成电刺激脉冲。
LCP 100还可以包括电感测模块106和机械感测模块108。电感测模块106可被配置为感测从电极114和/或114’传导至电感测模块106的固有心脏电信号。例如,电感测模块106可以被电连接到电极114和/或114’中的一个或多个,并且电感测模块106可以被配置为经由传感器放大器等接收通过电极114和/或114’传导的心脏电信号。在一些实施例中,心脏电信号可以表示来自其中植入LCP 100的腔室的局部信息。例如,如果将LCP 100植入心脏的心室内,则由LCP 100通过电极114和/或114’感测到的心脏电信号可以表示心室心脏电信号。机械感测模块108可以包括或者被电连接到各种传感器,诸如加速度计(包括诸如两轴或三轴加速度计的多轴加速度计)、陀螺仪(包括诸如两轴或三轴陀螺仪的多轴陀螺仪)、血压传感器、心音传感器、压电传感器、血氧传感器和/或测量心脏和/或患者的一个或多个生理参数的其他传感器。机械感测模块108(当存在时)可收集来自传感器的指示各种生理参数的信号。电感测模块106和机械感测模块108都可以进一步被连接到处理模块110,并且可以向处理模块110提供表示感测到的心脏电信号和/或生理信号的信号。虽然关于图1被描述为分离的感测模块,但是在一些实施例中,电感测模块106和机械感测模块108可以被组合成单个模块。在至少一些示例中,LCP 100可仅包括电感测模块106和机械感测模块108中的一个。在一些情况下,处理模块110,电感测模块106,机械感测模块108,通信模块102,脉冲发生器模块104和/或能量存储模块可以被认为是LCP 100的控制器。
处理模块110可以被配置为指引LCP 100的运行并且在一些实施例中可以被称为控制器。例如,处理模块110可以被配置为从电感测模块106接收心脏电信号和/或从机械感测模块108接收生理信号。基于接收到的信号,处理模块110例如可以确定心律失常的发生和类型,以及诸如LCP是否已经被离位(dislodge)的其他确定。处理模块110还可以从通信模块102接收信息。在一些实施例中,处理模块110可另外地使用这样接收到的信息来确定心律失常的发生和类型,和/或诸如LCP是否已经被离位的其他确定。在又一些额外实施例中,LCP 100可以使用接收到的信息而不是从电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108接收到的信号——例如,如果接收到的信息被视作比从电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108接收到的信号更准确、或者如果电感测模块106和/或机械感测模块108已经被禁用或从LCP100中省略的话。
在确定出心律失常的存在之后,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104根据一种或多种电刺激治疗来生成电刺激脉冲,以治疗确定出的心律失常。例如,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成具有变化的参数和以不同序列的起搏脉冲,以实现一个或多个电刺激治疗。作为一个示例,在控制脉冲发生器模块104递送心动过缓起搏治疗中,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以规则的间隔递送被设计为捕获患者心脏的起搏脉冲,以帮助防止患者的心脏落到预定阈值之下。在一些情况下,起搏速率可随着患者活动水平的增加而增加(例如速率应答起搏)。例如,处理模块110可监视可指示对增加心率的需要的患者的一个或多个生理参数(例如由于增加的代谢需求所致)。处理模块110然后可以增加脉冲发生器104生成电刺激脉冲的速率。
针对ATP治疗,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104以比患者的固有心率更快的速率递送起搏脉冲,以试图迫使心脏响应于递送的起搏脉冲而不是响应于固有的心脏电信号而跳动。一旦心脏正遵循起搏脉冲,处理模块110就可以控制脉冲发生器模块104将递送的起搏脉冲的速率降低到更安全等级。在CRT中,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104与另一装置协调地递送起搏脉冲,以致使心脏更有效地收缩。在其中脉冲发生器模块104能够生成用于除颤/心律转复治疗的除颤和/或心律转复脉冲的情况下,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成这种除颤和/或心律转复脉冲。在一些情况下,处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成电刺激脉冲,以提供不同于上面描述的那些示例的电刺激治疗。
除了控制脉冲发生器模块104生成不同类型并且以不同序列的电刺激脉冲,在一些实施例中,处理模块110还可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成具有变化的脉冲参数的各种电刺激脉冲。例如,每个电刺激脉冲可以具有脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度。处理模块110可以控制脉冲发生器模块104生成具有特定脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度的各种电刺激脉冲。例如,如果电刺激脉冲没有有效地捕获心脏,则处理模块110可以致使脉冲发生器模块104调整电刺激脉冲的脉冲宽度和/或脉冲幅度。对各种电刺激脉冲的特定参数的这种控制可以帮助LCP 100提供电刺激治疗的更有效递送。
在一些实施例中,处理模块110还可以控制通信模块102向其他装置发送信息。例如,处理模块110可以控制通信模块102生成用于与装置系统的其他装置通信的一个或多个通信信号。例如,处理模块110可以控制通信模块102以特定脉冲序列生成通信信号,其中特定序列传送不同信息。通信模块102还可以由处理模块110接收通信信号以用于潜在动作。
在进一步的实施例中,处理模块110可以控制切换电路,通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104通过该切换电路将通信信号和/或电刺激脉冲递送到患者的组织。如上面描述的,通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104都可以包括用于将一个或多个电极114和/114’连接到通信模块102和/或脉冲发生器模块104的电路,所以这些模块可以将通信信号和电刺激脉冲递送到患者的组织。通信模块102和/或脉冲发生器模块104通过其递送通信信号和电刺激脉冲的一个或多个电极的特定组合可以影响通信信号的接收和/或电刺激脉冲的有效性。虽然描述了通信模块102和脉冲发生器模块104中的每个可以包括切换电路,但是在一些实施例中,LCP 100可以具有连接到通信模块102、脉冲发生器模块104以及电极114和/或114’的单个切换模块。在这样的实施例中,处理模块110可以视情况而控制单个切换模块来连接模块102/104和电极114/114’。
在一些实施例中,处理模块110可以包括预编程芯片,诸如超大规模集成(VLSI)芯片或专用集成电路(ASIC)。在这样的实施例中,可以使用控制逻辑来对芯片进行预编程,以便控制LCP 100的运行。通过使用预编程芯片,处理模块110可以在能够维持基本功能的同时使用比其他可编程电路更少的电力,从而潜在地增加LCP 100的电池寿命。在其他情况下,处理模块110可以包括可编程微处理器等。这种可编程微处理器可以允许用户在制造之后调整LCP 100的控制逻辑,从而允许LCP 100比在使用预编程芯片时更大的灵活性。在另一些实施例中,处理模块110可以不是单个组件。例如,处理模块110可以包括被定位在LCP100之内的不同位置处的多个组件,以执行各种描述的功能。例如,某些功能可以在处理模块110的一个组件中执行,而其他功能在处理模块110的分离的组件中执行。
在另外的实施例中,处理模块110可以包括存储器电路,并且处理模块110可以在存储器电路上存储信息和从存储器电路读取信息。在其他实施例中,LCP 100可以包括与处理模块110通信的分离的存储器电路(未示出),使得处理模块110可以从分离的存储器电路读取信息和向其写入信息。存储器电路(无论是处理模块110的一部分还是与处理模块110分离)可以是易失性存储器、非易失性存储器或者易失性存储器和非易失性存储器的组合。
能量存储模块112可以向LCP 100提供电源以用于其运行。在一些实施例中,能量存储模块112可以是不可再充电的基于锂的电池。在其他实施例中,不可再充电电池可以由其他合适的材料制成。在其他实施例中,能量存储模块112可以是可再充电电池。在另一些实施例中,能量存储模块112可以包括其他类型的能量存储装置,诸如电容器或超级电容器。
为了将LCP 100植入患者体内,操作者(例如,医生、临床医生等)可将LCP 100固定到患者心脏的心脏组织。为了促进固定,LCP 100可以包括一个或多个锚定件(anchor)116。该一个或多个锚定件116被示意性地示出在图1中。该一个或多个锚定件116可以包括任何数量的固定或锚定机构。例如,一个或多个锚定件116可以包括一个或多个销、卡钉、螺丝、螺钉、螺旋件和/或尖齿等。在一些实施例中,尽管未示出,但是一个或多个锚定件116可在其外表面上包括可沿着锚定件构件的至少一部分长度行进的螺纹。该螺纹可以提供心脏组织和锚定件之间的摩擦,以帮助将锚定件构件固定在心脏组织内。在一些情况下,一个或多个锚定件116可以包括锚定构件,该锚定构件具有可以旋拧入心脏组织中的螺旋拔塞器(cork-screw)形状。在其他实施例中,锚定件116可以包括其他结构,诸如倒刺或长钉等,以促进与周围的心脏组织的啮合。
在一些示例中,LCP 100可以被配置为植入在患者心脏上或患者心脏的腔室内。例如,LCP100可以植入患者心脏的左心房,右心房,左心室或右心室中的任一个内。通过植入特定的腔室内,LCP100可以能够感测发自或出自特定腔室的心脏电信号,而其他装置可能不能以这种分辨率来感测。在LCP100被配置成植入在患者心脏上的情况下,LCP100可以被配置为植入心脏的一个腔室上或其附近,或者在本征地生成的心脏电信号通常遵循的路径上或其附近。在这些例子中,LCP100还可以具有增强的感测局部本征心脏电信号以及递送局部电刺激治疗的能力。
图2描绘了可以运行以感测生理信号和参数并且将一种或多种类型的电刺激治疗递送到患者组织的另一装置、医疗装置(MD)200的实施例。在示出的实施例中,MD 200可以包括通信模块202、脉冲发生器模块204、电感测模块206、机械感测模块208、处理模块210和能量存储模块218。模块202、204、206、208和210中的每个可以类似于LCP 100的模块102、104、106、108和110。另外,能量存储模块218可以类似于LCP 100的能量存储模块112。然而,在一些实施例中,MD 200可以在外壳220内具有较大的体积。在这样的实施例中,MD 200可以包括能够处理比LCP 100的处理模块110更复杂的操作的更大的能量存储模块218和/或更大的处理模块210。
虽然MD 200可以是诸如图1中示出的另一无引线装置,但是在一些情况下,MD 200可以包括诸如引线212的引线。引线212可以包括在电极214和位于外壳内220内的一个或多个模块之间传导电信号的电线。在一些情况下,引线212可以被连接到MD 200的外壳220并且远离该外壳220延伸。在一些实施例中,引线212被植入在患者的心脏上、内部或与其相邻。引线212可以包含一个或多个电极214,其被定位于引线212上的各个位置以及距外壳220各个距离处。一些引线212可以仅包括单个电极214,而其他引线212可以包括多个电极214。通常,电极214被定位于引线212上,使得当引线212被植入患者体内时,一个或多个电极214被定位以执行所期功能。在一些情况下,一个或多个电极214可以与患者的心脏组织接触。在其他情况下,一个或多个电极214可以皮下被定位但邻近患者的心脏。电极214可以将固有生成的心脏电信号传导到引线212。引线212继而可以将接收到的电心脏信号传导至MD 200的模块202、204、206和208中的一个或多个。在一些情况下,MD 200可以生成电刺激信号,并且引线212可以将生成的电刺激信号传导至电极214。电极214然后可以将电刺激信号传导至患者的心脏组织(直接或间接地)。MD 200还可以包括未被布置在引线212上的一个或多个电极214。例如,一个或多个电极214可以直接被连接到外壳220。
在一些实施例中,引线212可以另外地包含被配置为测量心脏和/或患者的一个或多个生理参数的一个或多个传感器,诸如加速度计、血压传感器、心音传感器、血氧传感器和/或传感器。在这样的实施例中,机械感测模块208可以与引线212电通信,并且可以接收从这样的传感器生成的信号。
虽然不是必需的,但在一些实施例中,MD 200可以是可植入医疗装置。在这样的实施例中,MD 200的外壳220可以被植入例如患者的经胸腔区域中。外壳220通常可以包括对于在人体中的植入是安全的多种已知材料中的任一种,并且可以在被植入时针对患者身体的流体和组织将MD 200的各种组件气密地密封。在这样的实施例中,引线212可以被植入在患者体内的一个或多个不同位置处,诸如患者的心脏内、邻近患者的心脏、邻近患者的脊柱或任何其他所期位置。
在一些实施例中,MD 200可以是可植入心脏起搏器(ICP)。在这些实施例中,MD200可以具有被植入在患者心脏上或患者心脏内一个或多个引线,例如引线212。一个或多个引线212可以包括与患者心脏的心脏组织和/或血液接触的一个或多个电极214。MD 200可以被配置为感测固有地生成的心脏电信号,并且基于对感测到的信号的分析来确定例如一个或多个心律失常。MD 200可被配置为经由被植入心脏内的引线212递送CRT、ATP治疗、心动过缓治疗和/或其他治疗类型。在一些实施例中,MD 200可以另外地被配置为提供除颤/心律转复治疗。
在一些情况下,MD 200可以是可植入心律转复除颤器(ICD)。在这样的实施例中,MD 200可以包括被植入患者心脏内的一个或多个引线。MD 200还可以被配置为感测电心脏信号、基于感测到的电心脏信号来确定快速性心律失常的发生、并且响应于确定出快速性心律失常的发生而递送除颤和/或心律转复治疗(例如通过向患者的心脏递送除颤和/或心律转复脉冲)。在其他实施例中,MD 200可以是皮下可植入心律转复除颤器(SICD)。在其中MD 200是SICD的实施例中,引线212之一可以是皮下植入的引线。在其中MD 200是SICD的至少一些实施例中,MD 200可以仅包括皮下植入但在胸腔外部的单个引线,然而这不是被要求的。
在一些实施例中,MD 200可以不是可植入医疗装置。而是,MD 200可以是患者身体外部的装置,并且电极214可以是被放置在患者身体上的皮肤电极。在这样的实施例中,MD200可能能够感测表面电信号(例如由心脏生成的电心脏信号或由被植入患者体内的装置生成并通过身体传导至皮肤的电信号)。MD 200还可以被配置为递送各种类型的电刺激治疗,包括例如经由皮肤电极214的除颤治疗。
图3示出了医疗装置系统和医疗装置系统的多个医疗装置302、304、306和/或310可以通过其进行通信的通信路径的实施例。在示出的实施例中,医疗装置系统300可以包括LCP 302和304、外部医疗装置306和其他传感器/装置310。外部装置306可以是被布置在患者身体外部的装置,如先前关于MD 200描述的。在至少一些示例中,外部装置306可以表示诸如装置编程器的外部支持装置,如下面将更详细地描述的。其他传感器/装置310可以是先前关于MD 200描述的任何装置,诸如ICP、ICD和SICD。其他传感器/装置310还可以包括收集关于患者的信息的各种诊断传感器,诸如加速度计或血压传感器等。在一些情况下,其他传感器/装置310可以包括可以被用于对系统300的一个或多个装置进行编程的外部编程器装置。
系统300的各种装置可以经由通信路径308进行通信。例如,LCP 302和/或304可以感测固有的心脏电信号,并且可以经由通信路径308将这样的信号传送到系统300的一个或多个其他装置302/304、306和310。在一个实施例中,装置302/304中的一个或多个可以接收这样的信号,并且基于接收到的信号来确定心律失常的发生。在一些情况下,一个或多个装置302/304可以将这样的确定传送到系统300的一个或多个其他装置306和310。在一些情况下,系统300的装置302/304、306和310中的一个或多个可以基于传送的心律失常的确定而采取动作,诸如通过将合适的电刺激递送到患者的心脏。系统300的装置302/304、306和310中的一个或多个可以经由通信路径308而另外地传送命令消息或响应消息。命令消息可以致使接收装置采取特定动作,而响应消息可以包括请求的信息或接收装置事实上接收到传送的消息或数据的确认。
可以设想的是,系统300的各种装置可以使用RF信号、电感耦合、光信号、声信号或适合于通信的任何其他信号经由路径308进行通信。另外,在至少一些实施例中,系统300的各种装置可以使用多种信号类型经由路径308进行通信。例如,其他传感器/装置310可以使用第一信号类型(例如RF通信)与外部装置306通信,但是使用第二信号类型(例如传导通信)与LCP 302/304通信。此外,在一些实施例中,可以限制装置之间的通信。例如,如上面描述的,在一些实施例中,LCP 302/304可以仅通过其他传感器/装置310与外部装置306通信,其中LCP 302/304向其他传感器/装置310发送信号,并且其他传感器/装置310将接收到的信号中继到外部装置306。
在一些情况下,系统300的各种装置可以使用传导通信信号经由路径308进行通信。因此,系统300的装置可以具有允许这种传导通信的组件。例如,系统300的装置可以被配置为经由发送装置的一个或多个电极将传导通信信号(例如,不时介入有电流和/或电压脉冲(本文中被称为电通信脉冲)的电压和/或电流波形)发送到患者的身体内,并且可以经由接收装置的一个或多个电极接收传导通信信号。患者的身体可以将传导通信信号从发送装置的一个或多个电极“传导”至系统300中的接收装置的电极。在这样的实施例中,递送的传导通信信号可能与起搏脉冲、除颤和/或心律转复脉冲或其他电刺激治疗信号不同。例如,系统300的装置可以以是亚阈值的幅度/脉冲宽度递送电通信脉冲。也就是说,通信脉冲具有被设计为不捕获心脏的幅度/脉冲宽度。在一些情况下,递送的电通信脉冲的幅度/脉冲宽度可能高于心脏的捕获阈值,但是可以在心脏的不应期期间被递送和/或可以被并入起搏脉冲或被调制到起搏脉冲上(如果需要的话)。
此外,与正常的电刺激治疗脉冲不同,电通信脉冲可以以传送信息到接收装置的特定序列(sequence)递送。例如,递送的电通信脉冲可以以任何合适的方式进行调制以编码传送的信息。在一些情况下,通信脉冲可以是脉冲宽度调制和/或幅度调制的。可替代地或另外地,脉冲之间的时间可以被调制以编码所期信息。在一些情况下,预定义的通信脉冲序列可以表示相应的符号(例如逻辑“1”符号,逻辑“0”符号,ATP治疗触发符号等)。在一些情况下,传导通信脉冲可以是电压脉冲、电流脉冲、双相电压脉冲、双相电流脉冲或根据需要的任何其他合适的电脉冲。
图4描绘了可以被配置为一起运行的说明性医疗装置系统400。例如,系统400可以包括多个装置,其被植入在患者之中并且被配置为感测生理信号、确定心律失常的发生以及递送电刺激以治疗检测出的心律失常。在一些实施例中,系统400的装置可以被配置为确定系统400的一个或多个装置的离位的发生。在图4中,LCP 402示出为被固定至心脏410的右心室的内部,并且脉冲发生器406示出为被耦合至具有一个或多个电极408a-408c的引线412。在一些情况下,脉冲发生器406可以是皮下可植入心律转复除颤器(SICD)的部分,并且一个或多个电极408a-408c可以被定位为皮下地邻近心脏。LCP 402可以诸如经由通信路径308与SICD进行通信。图4中所描绘的LCP 402、脉冲发生器406、引线412以及电极408a-c的位置仅为示例性的。在系统400的其他实施例中,LCP 402可以根据需要而被定位在心脏的左心室、右心房或左心房中。在另一些实施例中,LCP 402可以被植入为外部地邻近心脏410或者甚至远离心脏410。
医疗装置系统400还可以包括外部支持装置420。外部支持装置420可以被用于执行诸如装置识别、装置编程和/或使用本文所描述的通信技术中的一个或多个的装置之间的实时和/或存储的数据的传输的功能,或者执行涉及与系统400的一个或多个装置进行通信的其他功能。作为一个示例,外部支持装置420与脉冲发生器406之间的通信可以经由无线模式来执行,并且脉冲发生器406与LCP 402之间的通信可以经由传导通信模式(conducted communication mode)来执行。在一些实施例中,LCP 402与外部支持装置420之间的通信通过经由脉冲发生器406发送通信信息来完成。然而,在其他实施例中,LCP 402与外部支持装置420之间的通信可以经由通信模块。
图4仅示出了可以被配置为根据本文所公开的技术运行的医疗装置系统的一个示例实施例。其他示例医疗装置系统可以包括另外的或不同的医疗装置和/或配置。例如,适于根据本文所公开的的技术运行的其他医疗装置系统可以包括被植入在心脏内的附加的LCP。另一示例医疗装置系统可以包括具有或不具有诸如脉冲发生器406的其他装置的多个LCP,其中至少一个LCP能够递送除颤治疗。另一示例可以包括连同经静脉起搏器一起植入的一个或多个LCP,并且具有或不具有植入的SICD。在又一实施例中,医疗装置、引线和/或电极的配置或布置可以不同于图4中所描绘的那些。因此,应当认识到,不同于图4中所描绘的系统400的众多其他医疗装置系统可以根据本文所公开的技术运行。这样,图4中示出的实施例不应当以任何方式被视为限制性的。
如所提到的,LCP 100和/或MD 200可以被配置为将电刺激治疗递送至患者的心脏。例如,LCP 100和/或MD 200可以被配置为生成起搏脉冲并且将那些起搏脉冲递送至患者的心脏,以对心脏进行起搏。此外,LCP 100和/或MD 200可以被配置为以速率应答的方式调整起搏脉冲生成和递送的速率,以基于确定出的与代谢需求相关的因素而增加或减少心输出量。在一些情况下,可能有益的是,限制LCP 100和/或MD 200生成和递送在一定起搏速率之上的起搏脉冲的时间量以减少心脏的压力水平并且给予心脏休息的机会。
图5描绘了诸如LCP 100或MD 200的医疗装置的示例控制器电路500。说明性控制器电路500包括被连接至看门狗模块504的速率确定模块(RDM)502。看门狗(watchdog)模块504还被连接至脉冲发生器模块506。
在一些实施例中,控制器电路500可以是医疗装置的部分,其被配置为将起搏脉冲递送至患者的心脏以控制心率。医疗装置可以进一步被配置为以速率应答的方式递送起搏脉冲,基于一个或多个感测到的信号和/或确定出的度量而增加或减少起搏脉冲的递送速率。例如,RDM 502可以表示输出当前起搏速率的电路。RDM 502可以接收从一个或多个传感器感测到的一个或多个信号和/或基于接收到的信号确定一个或多个度量。RDM 502可以接收和/或在确定当前起搏速率中使用的一些示例信号可以包括经胸廓的阻抗、温度和加速度计信号。RDM 502可以基于这些一个或多个信号确定的一些示例参数包括呼吸速率(使用经胸廓的阻抗信号确定)、血液温度(使用血液温度信号确定)以及患者的活动水平和/或姿势(使用加速度计信号确定)。当然,在其他实施例中,不同的电路(例如SICD)可以接收这些或其他信号和/或确定这些参数,并且然后将信号和/或参数传送至RDM 502。
使用接收到的信号和/或确定出的参数,RDM 502可以确定当前起搏速率。接收到的信号和/或确定出的参数可以表示患者的代谢需求的测量值。例如,提高的呼吸速率、提高的血液温度和/或提高的活动水平(全部与个人基线水平相比)可以表明患者需要增加的心输出量,其可以通过增加的起搏速率来实现。在另外的或可替代的实施例中,某些化学标记(marker)或水平、身体位置和/或另一植入的装置的起搏速率全部可以进一步是代谢需求的测量值。LCP 100可以感测任何数量的或全部这些测量值,或者可以从另一装置接收对这些测量值的指示,以使RDM 502测量起搏速率。
然而,在另一些实施例中,LCP 100可以不是确定起搏速率的装置。例如,另一装置可以感测与代谢需求相关的一个或多个测量值,或者从另一装置接收这种测量值,并且基于感测到的或接收到的测量值确定起搏速率。在这些实施例中,该其他装置然后可以将起搏速率传送至LCP 100,其连同目前公开的看门狗技术一起使用接收到的起搏速率来将起搏脉冲递送至心脏。
在一些实施例中,RDM 502可以仅基于代谢需求的这些测量值中的一个而确定起搏速率。可替选地,DRM 502可以单独地基于代谢需求的这些测量值中的两个或更多个测量值中的每个而确定起搏速率,并且将当前起搏速率确定为基于单独测量值而确定出的最高起搏速率。可替选地,RDM 502可以将单独测量值中的每个混合至代谢需求的总体测量值中并且基于总体测量值确定当前起搏速率。
RDM 502可以另外地实施(enforce)表示最小起搏速率的下限速率(lower ratelimit,LRL)。不管代谢需求的测量值如何,LRL都可以是医疗装置被配置为以其递送起搏脉冲以确保患者的心输出量的安全基础水平的最低速率。
因此,RDM 502可以基于代谢需求的一个或多个测量值而随时间改变当前起搏速率,比如图6中示出的示例中描绘的那样。图6描绘了代谢需求514相对于时间的曲线图510以及如由RDM 502生成的当前起搏速率516的曲线图512。在一些实施例中,医疗装置可以使用阈值化(thresholding)以基于感测到的或确定出的代谢需求514而确定当前起搏速率。例如,医疗装置可以具有三个阈值,阈值522、524和526,其表示不同水平的代谢需求,并且其可以驱动当前起搏速率516的变化。如可以从图6中看出的,当前起搏速率516的阈值528可以表示LRL,并且医疗装置不可以输出低于LRL的当前起搏速率。因此,在代谢需求514低于需求阈值522处,医疗装置可以维持当前起搏速率在LRL处。如可以在时间511与513之间看出的那样,一旦代谢需求514越过需求阈值522时,医疗装置就可以确定需要增加心输出量并且可以因此增加当前起搏速率516。此外,如在时间513与515之间以及时间515与517之间看出的那样,当代谢需求514越过需求阈值524和526时,医疗装置可以再次增加当前起搏速率516。此外,如在时间517与519之间、时间519与521之间以及时间521以后看出的那样,当代谢需求落至低于需求阈值526、524和522时,医疗装置可以减小当前起搏速率516。
应当理解,图6仅示出了医疗装置可以随时间调整起搏速率的一个示例。例如,医疗装置可以使用基于代谢需求514的连续函数来确定当前起搏速率,而不是图6中所示出的阈值化方法。此外,尽管图6描绘了在起搏速率之间随时间过渡的当前起搏速率516,但在其他实施例中,如果需要,当前起搏速率516可以在不同起搏速率之间突然改变。
当RDM 502确定出当前起搏速率时,RDM 502可以将当前起搏速率传送至看门狗模块504(参见图5)。一般来说,看门狗模块504可以被配置为监视接收到的当前起搏速率并且确定何时当前起搏速率提高到超过像LRL这样的基线起搏速率。看门狗模块504可以进一步被配置为防止当前起搏速率在提高的速率处保持持续很久的时间段,因为这可能造成对心脏的过度压力。
为了确定心脏的相对压力水平,并且确定何时当前起搏速率已经处于提高的速率太长时间段,看门狗模块504可以被配置为确定心脏压力跟踪值(HSTV)。在下面将更详细论述的至少一些实施例中,HSTV可以至少部分地取决于当前起搏速率。
看门狗模块504可以以基础起搏速率实施。在一些实施例中,基础起搏速率可以是LRL。然而,在其他实施例中,基础起搏速率可以高于基础起搏速率。作为一些示例,LRL可以被设置在约60脉冲每分钟处(可能取决于患者)。在基础起搏速率高于LRL的实施例中,基础起搏速率可以被设置在约65脉冲每分钟或70脉冲每分钟处。然而,这些只是一些示例。这可以允许在不触发看门狗特征的情况下起搏速率的一些变化。
看门狗模块504可以确定何时当前起搏速率等于或超过基础起搏速率(表明了当前起搏速率处于提高的起搏速率处)。一旦看门狗模块504确定当前起搏速率处于提高的起搏速率,看门狗模块504就可以开始修改HSTV。当当前起搏速率保持超过基础起搏速率时,看门狗模块504可以继续修改HSTV并且确定HSTV是否以及何时越过HSTV阈值。当HSTV越过HSTV阈值时,看门狗模块504可以被配置为将当前起搏速率改变至休息起搏速率,并且维持当前起搏速率在休息起搏速率处预定时间段。下面将更详细地描述这些操作的示例。
看门狗模块504可以实施的一个示例HSTV是可以以单调的方式增加计数(countup)或减小计数(count down)的简单计数器。在这些实施例中,一旦看门狗模块504确定当前起搏速率处于或超过基础起搏速率,看门狗模块504就可以取决于实施方式而开始增加计数或减小计数。例如,看门狗模块504可以包括时钟或使用来自医疗装置的另一部分的时钟信号。看门狗模块504可以每时钟周期递增一次计数器或递减一次计数器。当计数器达到预定的阈值时,看门狗模块504可以实施休息起搏速率。当看门狗模块504将计数器从零开始递增时,预定的阈值可以是一些正值。当看门狗模块504递减计数器时,初始值可以是正值并且预定的阈值可以是零。在一些情况下,预期到正值是在任何一个植入中可编程的。
在一些实例中,看门狗模块504递增或递减计数器的速率可以至少部分地取决于起搏速率。例如,图7描绘了可以被包括在看门狗模块504中的说明性电路。电路包括时钟模块532、计数器534和频率修改器模块536。通过以特定频率运行,时钟模块532可以类似地用作其他电子装置中的时钟,以驱动装置或电路的运行。当当前起搏速率等于或超过基础起搏速率时,计数器534可以如由时钟模块532的运行频率确定的每时钟周期递增或递减计数器(例如HSTV值)。
频率修改器模块536可以被配置为基于当前起搏速率而修改时钟模块532的频率。图8示出了频率修改器模块536可以如何运行的一个示例实施方式。图8描绘了相对于时间的当前起搏速率540以及对应的HSTV 542。在图8的示例中,基础起搏速率可以等于LRL544。例如,一旦当前起搏速率540诸如在时间541处增加到超过LRL 544,HSTV 542就开始增加。如可以在图8中看出的那样,当当前起搏速率540处于或低于第一值且超过LRL 544时(如处于时间541与543之间的区域546中),HSTV 542以第一速率增加。一旦当前起搏速率540诸如在时间543处增加到超过第一值,并且当当前起搏速率540在时间543与545之间的区域548之内时,HSTV 542就以大于第一速率的第二速率增加。此外,如图8中看出的那样,当当前起搏速率540诸如在时间545处降回到低于第一值时,HSTV 542可以返回到以第一速率增加。当当前起搏速率540处于LRL 544与第一值之间(诸如时间545与547之间)时,HSTV542可以保持该第一速率。在当前起搏速率540降回至LRL 544的时间547以后,HSTV 542可以简单地保持其值。
当当前起搏速率540超过第一值时HSTV 542的增加速率的增加可以由频率修改器模块536实现。例如,频率修改器模块536可以诸如通过增加频率来修改时钟模块532的运行频率。因此,时钟模块532的该增加的运行频率还增加计数器534递增计数器值(例如HSTV值)的速率——从而以更快的速率增加HSTV 542。在一些实施例中,频率修改器模块536可以加倍频率。此外,其他实施例可以具有频率修改器模块536修改频率的额外阈值水平。例如,一些实施例可以实施超过图8的第一值的另一阈值水平,其中频率修改器模块536再次增加时钟模块532的运行频率。在这些实施例中的一些中,频率修改器模块536可以再次加倍运行频率。然而,应理解,这些只是示例。一般而言,频率修改器模块536可以被配置为以任何方式使用任何量的阈值或基于连续地修改时钟模块532的运行频率。
HSTV的另一实施方式可以是心跳或起搏脉冲计数器。例如,一旦当前起搏速率540增加到超过基础起搏速率,并且当当前起搏速率540保持超过基础起搏速率时,看门狗模块504可以开始对每个心跳或所递送的起搏脉冲进行计数。在一些情况下,看门狗模块504可以从被直接连接至医疗装置的电极并且能够感测心脏电信号的医疗装置的另一部分接收检测出的心跳。可替选地,当生成起搏脉冲时,看门狗模块504可以接收指示。在这些实施例中,看门狗模块504可以在计数器中对心跳或起搏脉冲进行计数,并且将计数器与心跳或起搏脉冲阈值(例如HSTV阈值)进行比较。一旦计数器达到阈值,看门狗模块504就可以将当前起搏速率修改至休息起搏速率。在这些实施例中,当起搏速率增加时,随着每分钟更多心跳发生或者起搏脉冲被生成,计数器自然地开始更快地累加。
在另一些实施例中,看门狗模块504可以将超过基础起搏速率的起搏速率540的积分确定为HSTV。起搏速率540的积分然后可以与积分阈值进行比较,并且如果其超过积分阈值(例如HSTV阈值),则看门狗模块504可以将当前起搏速率修改至休息起搏速率。
如所提到的,一旦监视模块504确定出HSTV达到了HSTV阈值,看门狗模块504就可以实施休息起搏时段。图9示出了其中看门狗模块504实施休息起搏时段的当前起搏速率560以及HSTV 562。类似于图8,当当前起搏速率560增加到超过基础起搏速率564时,HSTV562可以例如在时间561处开始以第一速率增加。而且,如果当前起搏速率560增加到超过第一水平,则HSTV 562可以诸如在时间563处以大于第一速率的第二速率增加。当当前起搏速率560超过基础起搏速率564时,看门狗模块504可以将HSTV 562与HSTV阈值566进行比较。
当HSTV 562低于HSTV阈值566时,看门狗模块504可以将当前起搏速率560传递至脉冲发生器模块506。脉冲发生器模块506可以被配置为以当前起搏速率生成起搏脉冲并且将那些生成的起搏脉冲递送至患者的心脏。
如果和/或当看门狗模块504确定出HSTV 562诸如在时间565处达到HSTV阈值566,看门狗模块504可以实施休息起搏时段。看门狗模块504可以在将当前起搏速率560传递至脉冲发生器模块506之前修改当前起搏速率560,而不是简单地将当前起搏速率560传递至脉冲发生器模块506。例如,看门狗模块504可以将当前起搏速率560调整至等于休息起搏速率。在一些实施例中,休息起搏速率可以等于基础起搏速率564。基础起搏速率564可以等于医疗装置的LRL,但这并不是在所有实施例中都是必须的。在其他实施例中,监视模块504可以将当前起搏速率560调整至等于起搏速率567(其高于基础起搏速率564但仍允许心脏具有休息时段),而不是将当前起搏速率560调整至等于基础起搏速率564。
看门狗模块504可以维持该调整至当前起搏速率560预定的时间量。在一些实施例中,预定的时间量可以是在约十五分钟与约四小时十五分钟之间,但这只是一个示例。在更具体的实施例中,预定的时间量可以是约十五分钟、约三十分钟、约四十五分钟、约一小时、约一小时十五分钟、约一小时三十分钟、约一小时四十五分钟、约两小时、约两小时十五分钟、约两小时三十分钟、约两小时四十五分钟、约三小时、约三小时十五分钟、约三小时三十分钟、约三小时四十五分钟、约四小时、约四小时十五分钟或者任何其他合适的时间量。在一些情况下,预定的时间量可以诸如由医师编程。
在一些情况下,看门狗模块504可以在某些条件下暂停和/或重置HSTV。图10描绘了在HSTV越过HSTV阈值之前,看门狗模块504可以如何在当前起搏速率降回至基础起搏速率之后运行。图10描绘了相对于时间的当前起搏速率570以及对应的HSTV 572。一旦当前起搏速率570上升至超过基础起搏速率574(如在时间571处),看门狗模块504可以如所示出的那样,开始以第一速率递增HSTV 572。然而,在HSTV达到HSTV阈值578之前,当前起搏速率570在时间573处降回至基础起搏速率574。当当前起搏速率570保持处于或低于基础起搏速率574时,监视模块504可以不进一步递增HSTV 572。取而代之的是,看门狗模块504可以开始跟踪一段时间。如果在当前起搏速率570再次增加到超过基础起搏速率574之前,该时间段期满,则看门狗模块504可以清除或重置HSTV 572。在图10的示例中,在该时间段期满前,当前起搏速率570在时间575处再次增加到超过基础起搏速率574。看门狗模块504然后如所示出的那样恢复增加HSTV 572。最终,HSTV 572达到HSTV阈值578,并且看门狗模块504在时间577处开始休息起搏时段。
尽管当前起搏速率570被示出为在看门狗模块504暂停递增HSTV 572之前降回基础起搏速率574,但在其他实施例中,看门狗模块504可以不同地运行。例如,看门狗模块504可以在当前起搏速率570一路降回至基础起搏速率574之前(比如当当前起搏速率570降至起搏速率579时)暂停递增HSTV 572。本公开设想了看门狗模块504何时以及如何暂停递增HSTV 572的进一步的变型。
图11描绘了其中看门狗模块504重置HSTV的示例。图11描绘了相对于时间的当前起搏速率580以及对应的HSTV 582。与图10的示例一样,当当前起搏速率580上升至超过基础起搏速率584时,看门狗模块504可以开始递增HSTV 582,如在时间581处。然而,一旦当前起搏速率580在HSTV 582达到HSTV阈值588之前降回至基础起搏速率584(如在时间583处),看门狗模块504就暂停递增HSTV 582。此时,看门狗模块504可以开始跟踪一个时间段。一旦这一时间段期满,看门狗模块504就可以重置HSTV 582,比如在时间585处。图11继续示出,在时间585处重置HSTV 582之后,一旦当前起搏速率580在时间587处再次上升至超过基础起搏速率584,看门狗模块504就可以再次开始递增HSTV 582。此外,当当前起搏速率580在时间589处降回至基础起搏速率584时,看门狗模块504再一次暂停递增HSTV 582。
在一些实例中,看门狗模块504在重置HSTV之前跟踪的这一时间段可以取决于HSTV相对于HSTV阈值的值。例如,HSTV与HSTV阈值越接近,看门狗模块504在重置HSTV值之前跟踪的这一时间段越长。
在一些情况下,当当前起搏速率降至低于阈值时,看门狗模块504可以开始递减HSTV,而不是暂停递增HSTV。作为一个示例,在图10中,代替在时间573处暂停递增HSTV,而是看门狗模块504可以开始递减HSTV 572,使得HSTV 572的曲线在时间573与575之间具有负斜率。应当理解,类似的方法可以被应用至HSTV的其他实施例,例如其中与HSTV递增直至阈值相反,HSTV从起始值递减至零。在这种情况下,当当前起搏速率降至低于阈值时,看门狗模块504可以开始递增HSTV 572。
图12和图13描绘了可以实施起搏电路的其他说明性方法。例如,图12描绘了控制器电路600,其包括速率确定模块602、看门狗模块604和脉冲发生器模块606。与图5的控制器电路500相反,控制器电路600包括与速率确定模块602和脉冲发生器模块606并联连接的看门狗模块604。在这些实施例中,代替充当速率确定模块602生成的当前起搏速率的传递(pass through),而是看门狗模块604可以监视速率确定模块602传送至脉冲发生器模块606的当前起搏速率并且可以将单独的控制信号发送至脉冲发生器模块606以根据上面所公开的技术来修改脉冲发生器模块606的起搏频率。可替选地,看门狗模块604可以监视速率确定模块602通信至脉冲发生器模块606的当前起搏速率,并且可以将单独的控制信号发送至速率确定模块602,以根据上面所公开的技术来修改脉冲发生器模块606的起搏速率。
在图13的示例中,速率确定模块621可以由诸如速率确定模块A 622、速率确定模块B 624和速率确定模块C 626的子速率确定模块组成。速率确定模块A 622、速率确定模块B 624和速率确定模块C 626中的每个可以表示基于不同信息(例如使用不同的传感器或传感器组合来估计当前代谢需求)而产生起搏速率的不同的速率驱动。在这些实施例中,看门狗模块628可以监视由速率确定模块A 622、速率确定模块B 624和速率确定模块C 626中的每个产生的起搏速率,并且可以将最高的确定出的起搏速率传递至速率确定模块630。看门狗模块628可以进一步根据所公开的技术进行动作,以限制脉冲发生器630以提高的起搏速率生成起搏脉冲所花费的时间量。
在一些情况下,不同的阈值和时间段中的一些或全部可以是可编程的。例如,如关于图4所描述的,实施所公开的技术的医疗装置(比如LCP 100或MD 200)可以与诸如外部支持装置420的装置进行通信。当这样设置时,用户(例如医师)可以与外部支持装置420交互以与LCP 100或医疗装置200进行通信,以改变LCP 100或MD 200的一个或多个可编程的特征。可以是可编程的一些示例参数包括下限速率(LRL)、基础起搏速率、休息起搏速率、代谢需求阈值、休息起搏时段长度、重置HSTV之前的时间段长度、HSTV被递增或递减的速率或者本文所公开的任何其他阈值或时间段。
在一些情况下,本公开的技术可以由装置的系统来实施。例如,诸如在图4的示例中,患者可以被植入可以互相通信的多个装置。在这种情况下,装置中的一个(例如脉冲发生器406)可以确定当前起搏速率并且可以将当前起搏速率传送至系统的另一其他装置(比如LCP 402),并且LCP 402可以以接收到的当前起搏速率将起搏脉冲递送至患者的心脏。在这些实施例中,任一装置(例如脉冲发生器406或LCP 402)可以实施本文所描述的看门狗模块。在脉冲发生器406实施看门狗模块的情况下,如本文所描述的,看门狗模块可以在脉冲发生器406将当前起搏速率传送至LCP 402之前修改当前起搏速率。在LCP 402实施看门狗模块的情况下,在从脉冲发生器406接收到当前起搏速率之后,LCP 402的看门狗模块可以修改当前起搏速率或者根据所公开的技术以其他方式致使对LCP 402进行对起搏脉冲的递送的速率的调整。
此外,如前面所提到的,在一些实施例中,另一装置可以确定起搏速率并且将起搏速率传送至实施目前公开的监视器技术的LCP 100。然而,在另一些实施例中,确定起搏速率的其他装置可以进一步实施目前公开的看门狗技术。例如在将起搏速率传送至LCP 100之前,其他装置可以通过公开的看门狗过程来运行确定的起搏速率以产生经处理的起搏速率。已经被看门狗过程修改的该经处理的起搏速率然后被传送至LCP 100。
总体上,本领域的那些技术人员将认识到除在本文中描述和设想的具体示例之外可以以各种形式来表明本公开。例如,如本文描述的,各种实施例包括被描述为执行各种功能的一个或多个模块。然而,其他实施例可以包括将描述的功能拆分在比本文描述的更多模块上的附加模块。另外,其他实施例可以将描述的功能合并成较少的模块。
尽管可能已经关于少于所有实施例描述了各种特征,但是本公开预期那些特征可以被包括或与任何实施例组合。此外,尽管本文所描述的实施例可能已经省略了各种所描述的特征的一些组合,但是本公开预期了包括每个所描述的特征的任何组合的实施例。因此,在不脱离如在所附权利要求中描述的本公开的范围和精神的情况下,可以进行形式和细节上的偏离。

Claims (13)

1.一种无引线心脏起搏器LCP,所述无引线心脏起搏器包括:
外部壳体;
多个暴露的电极,其相对于所述外部壳体连接;以及
控制器,其被设置在所述外部壳体内并且可操作地连接至所述多个暴露的电极,其中所述控制器被配置为:
以基础起搏速率将起搏脉冲递送至所述多个暴露的电极;
检测代谢需求的测量值,其中所述代谢需求的测量值随时间而变化;
在确定出所述代谢需求的测量值相对于代谢需求的基础测量值被提高之后,以相对于所述基础起搏速率的提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲,其中所述提高的起搏速率随时间而变化并且取决于检测出的代谢需求的测量值;
在以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲时的时间期间,改变心脏压力跟踪值,其中相对于在递送提高得较低的起搏速率时的时间,在递送提高得较高的起搏速率时的时间期间所述心脏压力跟踪值被改变得更快;并且
确定所述心脏压力跟踪值是否越过预定的心脏压力阈值,并且如果是这样的话,则将所述提高的起搏速率朝着所述基础起搏速率减小。
2.根据权利要求1所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器被配置为随时间单调地增加所述心脏压力跟踪值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器被配置为随时间单调地减少所述心脏压力跟踪值。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的LCP,其中,如果所述代谢需求的测量值不再超过所述代谢需求的基础测量值,则所述控制器被配置为以所述基础起搏速率递送起搏脉冲。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器被配置为,如果不再以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲至少预定时间长度,则重置所述心脏压力跟踪值。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器还被配置为,如果所述提高的起搏速率降至低于比所述基础起搏速率更高的阈值起搏速率,则暂停改变所述心脏压力跟踪值。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的LCP,其还包括加速度计,所述加速度计被设置在所述外部壳体内,并且其中,所述控制器被配置为通过监视所述加速度计的输出来检测所述代谢需求的测量值。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器被配置为经由所述多个暴露的电极监视阻抗信号来检测所述代谢需求的测量值。
9.根据权利要求8所述的LCP,其中,所述阻抗信号提供了呼吸率的测量值。
10.根据权利要求1所述的LCP,其中,所述控制器被配置为确定所述心脏压力跟踪值是否越过了所述预定的心脏压力阈值,并且如果是这样的话,则将所述提高的起搏速率降低至所述基础起搏速率。
11.根据权利要求10所述的LCP,其中,所述基础起搏速率为下限速率。
12.根据权利要求10所述的LCP,其中,计数器被用于在当以所述提高的起搏速率递送起搏脉冲时的时间期间改变所述心脏压力跟踪值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的LCP,其中,相对于在当递送提高得较低的起搏速率时的时间,在递送提高得较高的起搏速率时的时间期间计数器被以更快的速率递增。
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