CN108040526B

CN108040526B - Method for improving saline-alkali soil by using euhalophyte and method for improving saline-alkali soil

Info

Publication number: CN108040526B
Application number: CN201711475256.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高鸿永; 韩敏; 谢佳邑; 高鸿利; 高兆舆
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia Mengcao Mining Technology Co ltd; Inner Mongolia M Grass Ecological Environment Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia Mengcao Soil Technology Co ltd; Mengcao Ecological Environment Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-29
Filing date: 2017-12-29
Publication date: 2020-07-03
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-29
Also published as: CN108040526A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophyte and a method for improving the saline-alkali soil, relating to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement methods. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the true halophyte comprises the following steps: opening a concealed pipe ditch on the saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe ditch; after the soil is pretreated, spraying and irrigating for multiple times; planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 5-8cm, the width of each planting furrow is 8-10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 10-15 cm; planting true halophyte in the planting furrows, wherein the planting density is 0.7-1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the true halophyte is quinoa and/or salicornia europaea. The method for improving the saline-alkali soil comprises the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte. Both the two have the effects of saving fresh water resources and obviously reducing the content of salt and alkali in saline-alkali soil.

Description

Method for improving saline-alkali soil by using euhalophyte and method for improving saline-alkali soil

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement methods, and particularly relates to a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophytes and a method for improving saline-alkali soil.

Background

The total surface of land on the earth is 10% covered by different types of saline soil. Various types of saline-alkali soil are distributed in more than 100 countries and regions of five continents, and the area is about 9.5 hundred million hectares. The secondary salinization area of the soil is still continuously enlarged along with the increase of the irrigation area and the irrigation quantity. About 1000 million hectares of land are abandoned each year due to secondary salinization of soil, and the salinization of the soil brings great harm to the ecological environment of the earth and agricultural production.

The common method for saline-alkali soil improvement is as follows:

and (I) washing salt with fresh water. Has quick response. The disadvantages are that: the water resource is wasted, and if the drainage is not matched, the underground water level is easy to raise, so that the salt is returned to the soil.

And (II) open ditch drainage. The disadvantages are that: occupies a large amount of land and needs fresh water to wash salt. And the salt is collected in the leakage bearing area.

And (III) agricultural measures. Deep ploughing, land drying, organic fertilizer application, film mulching and intertillage. The disadvantages are that a certain amount of investment is needed, resources are insufficient, and the implementation cannot be carried out in time.

(IV) chemical measures. The disadvantages are that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition treats the symptoms and causes no root cause, has few materials with obvious effect, is difficult to popularize in a large range, and causes secondary pollution to the land by some materials.

And (V) biological measures. Soil structure is improved by planting salt tolerant plants, but most plants do not contribute much to the reduction of the total salt content.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using euhalophyte, aiming at effectively improving the salt content in the saline-alkali soil.

The invention also aims to provide a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which has good improvement effect and low cost.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophyte, which comprises the following steps:

opening a concealed pipe ditch on the saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe ditch;

after the soil is pretreated, spraying and irrigating for multiple times;

planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 5-8cm, the width of each planting furrow is 8-10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 10-15 cm;

planting true halophyte in the planting furrows, wherein the planting density is 0.7-1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the true halophyte is quinoa and/or salicornia europaea.

The invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using euhalophyte, which has the beneficial effects that: the underground water level can be controlled by opening the underground pipe ditch on the saline-alkali soil and draining water through the underground pipe after the underground pipe is laid, so that the operation cost is reduced; after the soil is pretreated, spraying and irrigating to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, and then, opening planting furrows to achieve the best improvement effect by controlling the depth, width and spacing of the planting furrows; the true halophytes planted in the planting ditches are chenopodium quinoa and/or salicornia europaea, and the inventor finds that the two halophytes can obviously improve the salt content of the saline-alkali soil and have good effect on improving the soil. The invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the euhalophyte, has good improvement effect and low cost, and is particularly suitable for areas with large evaporation capacity.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a saline-alkali soil improvement system provided by the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The method for improving saline-alkali soil by using euhalophyte and the method for improving saline-alkali soil provided by the embodiment of the invention are specifically explained below.

The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophyte, which comprises the following steps:

and S1, opening a concealed pipe trench on the saline-alkali soil, and paving and burying a concealed pipe in the concealed pipe trench.

The method is characterized in that the underground pipe ditch is formed by laying a salt-removing water collecting pipe network on the subsurface of the saline-alkali soil, so that the aim of controlling the underground water level by using the underground pipe is fulfilled, a large amount of land is saved compared with an open ditch, and the operation cost is reduced.

Specifically, the depth of the concealed conduit ditch and the raw materials of the concealed conduit are not limited, and can be selected and adjusted according to the salt content of the saline-alkali soil.

And S2, pretreating the soil, and performing spray irrigation for multiple times.

Specifically, the process of pretreating the soil comprises a deep ploughing process and a land drying process, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing process is 10-20cm, and the time of the land drying process is 20-40 h. The process of carrying out the preliminary treatment to soil not only plays the effect of loosening soil through deeply ploughing and shining the ground, still is favorable to improving the effect of planting true halophyte, improves the output of plant and then promotes the improvement effect to saline and alkaline land.

The spraying irrigation process is to uniformly irrigate the saline-alkali soil through a movable sprinkler for 3-5 days at an irrigation quantity of 20-30 cubic/mu every day, and the soil can be enabled to be partially saline in the soil through water under the condition of loosening through multiple times of irrigation, so that the improvement effect of the true halophytes is favorably enhanced.

Preferably, the soil is subjected to a soil amendment prior to the soil being pretreated; the soil pre-improvement product comprises plant acid industrial waste, fulvic acid and phosphogypsum, and the dosage of the soil pre-improvement product is 100-150 Kg/mu. The inventor finds that the formula of the soil pre-improvement product has a good auxiliary effect on improving the improvement effect of the halophyte in cooperation with the halophyte, and the raw materials are easy to obtain.

Specifically, the soil pre-improvement product comprises 50-80 parts by weight of plant acid industrial waste, 20-60 parts by weight of fulvic acid and 40-70 parts by weight of phosphogypsum; preferably, the plant acid industrial waste is 65-75 parts, the fulvic acid is 35-55 parts and the phosphogypsum is 40-60 parts.

It should be noted that each component of the soil amendment should be controlled within the above range to enhance the soil amendment effect to a greater extent. The inventor finds that the improvement effect of the plant acid industrial waste can be obviously enhanced by matching the plant acid industrial waste with the fulvic acid and the phosphogypsum. On the other hand, the dosage of the fulvic acid and the phosphogypsum is slightly less than that of the plant acid industrial waste, so that the effect of synergism improvement is achieved, if the dosage is too large, the PH of the soil is easily higher than the optimal PH range, and the soil is easily over-nourished.

In particular, the plant acid industrial waste is vinasse and/or vinegar residue. Vinasse and vinegar residue are leftovers generated in industrial processing, the vinasse contains various trace elements, vitamins, saccharomycetes, lysine, methionine and tryptophan, and the good components cannot be provided by crop straws, so that the activity of fungi in soil can be improved by using the vinasse and the vinegar residue as a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioning effect can be further improved.

The vinegar residue has high water content of about 65-70%, contains rich trace elements such as iron, zinc, selenium, manganese and the like, and has high phosphorus content. The soil conditioner can also have good improvement effect when used for improving soil.

S3, planting furrows are formed in the soil after spray irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 5-8cm, the width of each planting furrow is 8-10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 10-15 cm.

It should be noted that, the depth, width and spacing of the planting furrows are strictly required in the process of making the planting furrows, on one hand, the depth of the planting furrows is crucial to improving the improvement effect on the soil, and the depth of the roots has an important influence on the depth of the root systems of the plants. Particularly, the too deep or too shallow depth of the planting ditch can reduce the improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil to a certain extent.

S4, planting true halophyte in the planting furrows, wherein the planting density is 0.7-1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the true halophyte is quinoa and/or salicornia europaea.

The inventor finds that the method that the chenopodium quinoa willd, the salicornia europaea and the mixed planting of the chenopodium quinoa willd and the salicornia europaea has an obvious improvement effect on the salt content of saline-alkali soil. The planting density needs to be controlled to be 0.7-1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, uniform sowing is realized, the increase of the density is not beneficial to the growth condition of plants, the reutilization of planted crops is not beneficial, and the good improvement effect cannot be realized when the planting density is too low.

Preferably, the euhalophyte is subjected to a seed pretreatment process prior to planting, the seed pretreatment process comprising: soaking the seeds in 100-200mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 1-2h, then placing the seeds in clear water, and standing for 5-8 h. The seeds are soaked by potassium permanganate and clear water before sowing, so that the disinfection effect is achieved, the stress resistance of the seeds in the germination stage is favorably improved, the yield of plants is improved, and a greater additional value is created.

Specifically, the process of planting the halophyte in the planting ditch comprises the steps of uniformly stirring the halophyte and fine sand, uniformly sowing in a twisting way, covering soil and compacting. After being uniformly mixed by fine sand, the seeds are sown in the saline-alkali soil, so that the initial stress resistance of the seeds is enhanced, the survival rate of the seeds is enhanced, and the improvement effect and the added value are also improved.

It is noted that the true halophytes are planted for 3-10 months, preferably in grazing operations on saline land during the planting process. In the planting process of 3-10 months, the salt content of the saline-alkali soil is obviously reduced, the comprehensive performance of the soil is obviously improved, and the planting requirements of various crops can be met.

In addition, referring to fig. 1, during the planting process of the halophyte, the leaves and stems of the halophyte can be utilized, and preferably, a grazing cattle can be selected, which is very popular with the halophyte and can grow fast after eating. The total salt content of soil is gradually reduced and gradually changed into good farmland by planting the halophyte to feed livestock, thereby fundamentally changing the traditional saline-alkali soil improvement behavior of simple irrigation and drainage or temporary solution and non-permanent solution without reduction of the total salt content. Therefore, the true halophytes are planted in the saline-alkali soil, the cattle is raised to produce meat, the cost of purchasing the feed is reduced, and multiple purposes are achieved.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises a chemical and biological improvement method and the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte, and the method is simple, convenient and easy to implement, has good improvement effect, achieves multiple purposes and creates more additional values.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using true halophyte, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, opening a concealed pipe ditch on a saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe ditch; carrying out a deep ploughing process and a land drying process on the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing process is 10, and the time of the land drying process is 20 h; the saline-alkali soil is uniformly irrigated for 3 days by a movable sprinkler, and the irrigation quantity is 20 cubic meters per mu every day.

Secondly, planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 5cm, the width of each planting furrow is 8cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 10 cm.

Finally, planting the true halophyte in the planting ditch, wherein the planting density is 0.7 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the true halophyte is chenopodium quinoa.

Example 2

firstly, opening a concealed pipe ditch on a saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe ditch; carrying out a deep ploughing process and a land drying process on the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing process is 20, and the time of the land drying process is 40 h; the saline-alkali soil is uniformly irrigated for 5 days by a movable sprinkler, and the irrigation quantity is 30 cubic/mu every day.

Secondly, planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 8cm, the width of each planting furrow is 10cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 15 cm; performing a seed pretreatment process, the seed pretreatment process comprising: soaking the seeds in 100mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, then placing the seeds in clear water, and standing for 5 hours.

Finally, the process of planting the halophyte in the planting ditch is that the halophyte and the fine sand are evenly stirred and uniformly twisted and sowed, then soil is covered and compacted, the planting density is 0.7 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the halophyte is salicornia europaea.

Example 3

Secondly, planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 6cm, the width of each planting furrow is 9cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 12 cm; performing a seed pretreatment process, the seed pretreatment process comprising: soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution of 200mg/L for 1h, then placing the seeds in clear water, and standing for 8 h.

Finally, the process of planting the halophyte in the planting ditch is that the halophyte and the fine sand are evenly stirred and uniformly twisted and sowed, then soil is covered and compacted, the planting density is 1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the halophyte is salicornia europaea.

Example 4

firstly, opening a concealed pipe ditch on a saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe ditch; applying soil pre-improvement substances to the soil, wherein the dosage of the soil pre-improvement substances is 100 Kg/mu, and the soil pre-improvement substances comprise 50 parts of plant acid industrial waste, 20 parts of fulvic acid and 40 parts of phosphogypsum; wherein, the plant acid industrial waste is vinasse.

Secondly, performing a deep ploughing process and a land drying process on the soil, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing process is 20, and the time of the land drying process is 40 h; the saline-alkali soil is uniformly irrigated for 5 days by a movable sprinkler, and the irrigation quantity is 30 cubic/mu every day.

Then, planting furrows are formed in the soil after spraying irrigation, the depth of each planting furrow is 6cm, the width of each planting furrow is 9cm, and the distance between every two adjacent planting furrows is 12 cm; performing a seed pretreatment process, the seed pretreatment process comprising: soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution of 200mg/L for 1h, then placing the seeds in clear water, and standing for 8 h.

Example 5

The difference from example 4 is that: the dosage of the soil pre-improvement product is 150 Kg/mu.

Example 6

The difference from example 4 is that: the dosage of the soil pre-improvement product is 200 Kg/mu.

Example 7

The difference from example 4 is that: the dosage of the soil pre-improvement product is 50 Kg/mu.

Example 8

The difference from example 4 is that: the soil pre-improvement product comprises 80 parts of plant acid industrial waste, 60 parts of fulvic acid and 70 parts of phosphogypsum.

Example 9

The difference from example 4 is that: the soil pre-improvement product comprises 65 parts of plant acid industrial waste, 35 parts of fulvic acid and 40 parts of phosphogypsum.

Example 10

The difference from example 4 is that: the soil pre-improvement product comprises 75 parts of plant acid industrial waste, 55 parts of fulvic acid and 60 parts of phosphogypsum.

Example 11

The difference from example 4 is that: the plant acid industrial waste is vinegar residue.

Comparative example 1

The same as example 3, with the following differences: the plants were grown as suaeda glauca plants.

Comparative example 2

The same as example 4, with the following differences: the plants were grown as suaeda glauca plants.

Comparative example 3

The same as example 4, with the following differences: planted as salt claw.

Comparative example 4

The same as example 4, with the following differences: planting tamarix chinensis as a salt secreting plant.

It is to be noted that the saline-alkali soil in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 4 is saline-alkali soil in inner Mongolia region.

Test example 1

The salt content improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil in examples 1 to 11 and comparative examples 1 to 4 was measured by measuring the salt content carried away by 100kg of plants before and after improvement using a conventional measurement method, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 saline-alkali soil improvement effect

As can be seen from Table 1, the method for improving saline-alkali soil by using the euhalophyte provided by the embodiment of the invention has obvious effect, and the comparison between the embodiments 1-3 and the embodiment 4 shows that the soil pre-improving substance is matched with the euhalophyte to improve the soil, and the effect of the vinasse is better than that of the vinegar residue by combining the comparative example 11; as can be seen from the comparison between comparative example 3 and comparative example 1 and the comparison between comparative example 4 and comparative examples 2 to 4, the improvement effect of Salicornia herbacea on the true halophytes is significantly better than the improvement effect of crops such as Suaeda glauca, Salicornia europaea and Tamarix chinensis.

In addition, in comparative examples 4-7, the amount of the soil amendment is 100-150 Kg/mu, which is an appropriate amount, and the amount exceeding or falling below this range is not good for improving the effect.

In conclusion, the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophyte, which can reduce the operation cost by opening the hidden pipe ditches on the saline-alkali soil and draining water through the hidden pipes after laying the hidden pipes to control the underground water level; after the soil is pretreated, spraying and irrigating to achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, and then, opening planting furrows to achieve the best improvement effect by controlling the depth, width and spacing of the planting furrows; the true halophytes planted in the planting ditches are chenopodium quinoa and/or salicornia europaea, and the inventor finds that the two halophytes can obviously improve the salt content of the saline-alkali soil and have good effect on improving the soil.

The invention also provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte and has good improvement effect and low cost.

The advantages of the improved method provided by the present invention can be summarized as follows:

(1) the underground water level is controlled by using the drainage of the concealed pipe, so that the salt return of soil can be prevented, a large amount of land can be saved compared with open ditch drainage, and the operation cost is low;

(2) compared with the method of large irrigation and large drainage, the method for directly planting the crops can save a large amount of fresh water;

(3) the livestock is fed by planting the halophyte, and the saline-alkali resource of the local saline-alkali soil is utilized, so that the harm is changed into the treasure;

(4) the saline alkali in the saline and alkaline land has fundamentally reduced gradually, has alleviateed through the irrigation and drainage with saline alkali excrete to the district that leaks, to the pressure that leaks the district.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil by using true halophyte is characterized by comprising the following steps:

opening a concealed pipe trench on the saline-alkali soil, and laying and burying concealed pipes in the concealed pipe trench;

after the soil is pretreated, spraying and irrigating for multiple times;

planting true halophytes in the planting ditches, wherein the planting density is 0.7-1.0 kilogram of seeds per mu, and the true halophytes are quinoa and/or salicornia europaea;

the euhalophyte is subjected to a seed pretreatment process before sowing, wherein the seed pretreatment process comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds for 1 to 2 hours by using 100-fold 200mg/L potassium permanganate solution, then placing the seeds in clear water, and standing for 5 to 8 hours;

the soil pretreatment process comprises a deep ploughing process and a land drying process, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing process is 10-20cm, and the time of the land drying process is 20-40 h;

applying a soil amendment to the soil prior to pretreating the soil;

the soil pre-improvement product comprises plant acid industrial waste, fulvic acid and phosphogypsum;

the dosage of the soil pre-improvement product is 100-150 Kg/mu;

the soil pre-improvement product comprises 50-80 parts by weight of plant acid industrial waste, 20-60 parts by weight of fulvic acid and 40-70 parts by weight of phosphogypsum;

the spray irrigation process is to uniformly irrigate the saline-alkali soil by a movable sprinkler for 3-5 days at the irrigation quantity of 20-30 cubic meters per mu per day;

the process of planting the halophyte in the planting ditch is that the halophyte and fine sand are evenly stirred, evenly twisted and sowed, covered with soil and compacted.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant acid industrial waste comprises 65-75 parts, 35-55 parts of fulvic acid and 40-60 parts of phosphogypsum.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by using the euhalophyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant acid industrial waste is vinasse and/or vinegar residue.

4. The method for improving saline and alkaline land by using the halophyte according to claim 1, wherein the halophyte is planted for 3-10 months.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali soil by using halophyte according to claim 4, wherein grazing work is performed on the saline-alkali soil during planting.

6. A method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the method for improving saline-alkali soil by using the halophyte according to any one of claims 1 to 5.