CN106034437B - Method and application using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair, and it is improved heavy salinizedly using pyrolkigneous liquid（Grassland alkaline spot）Surface soil alkalinity environment, make its suitable earthworm growth and plant growth；Utilize earthworm and earthworm culture improvement heavy salinized ground upper soll layer ecological environment.By treated soil and earthworm culture according to weight than 1:1-3 well mixed are backfilled；Soil and earthworm culture mixed layer are sprayed with pyrolkigneous liquid dilute solution, then sow Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass seeds, application rate is 1.5-10kg/667m², first time sprinkling irrigation is carried out after broadcasting in 24 hours, soil 10cm is squirted, sprays 2 times within 1 day, ensure level ground bed moistening, until germination, until Cheng Ping；Soil moisture content is kept, earthworm life is maintained, prevents from causing seedling Dehydration Injury, experimental result is shown：The restorative procedure of the present invention can be improved promptly heavy salinizedly（Grassland alkaline spot）Ecological environment.

Description

The method and application of using earthworms and wood vinegar to comprehensively restore severe saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and animal husbandry management, and in particular relates to a method for comprehensively repairing severely saline-alkali land by using earthworms and wood vinegar and its application.

Background technique

Northeast and Inner Mongolia grasslands are one of the main grassland resources in my country and an important base for the development of animal husbandry. In recent years, with people's overuse of grasslands, vegetation has been severely damaged, soil salinization has become increasingly serious, and the area of saline-alkali spots has expanded rapidly. Excessive grazing, grassland reclamation, deforestation and land reclamation, logging and burning wasteland, etc. destroy the surface vegetation, which will change the water-salt balance on the surface, increase the evaporation of the surface, and accelerate the accumulation of salt on the surface. In addition, when agricultural machinery is cultivated and transported when the land is wet, the soil will be compacted and the permeability will be reduced, which is not conducive to the downward movement of salt. Moreover, long-term monoculture and excessive and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals will also accelerate the occurrence of land salinization.

The large-scale improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land in my country began after liberation. From the end of the 1950s to the 1960s, hydraulic measures were emphasized in the treatment of saline-alkali land, mainly drainage, and more emphasis was placed on irrigation and flushing. After entering the 1970s, water conservancy engineering measures, agricultural cultivation measures and bio-fertilization measures were combined with each other, and comprehensive control measures developed rapidly. In the 1950s, a coastal saline-alkali land afforestation experiment station was established in the Guangbei farm, and the methods of forestry measures to improve saline-alkali land and tree species selection and other saline-alkali land afforestation techniques were studied. In the 1970s, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences successively established experimental areas for alkali improvement in Yucheng County and Ling County, and Shandong Forestry Research Institute conducted research on forestry utilization of saline-alkali land in northern Shandong. In recent years, various universities and scientific research institutions have carried out relevant research on saline-alkali land restoration and management, but no fundamental progress has been made so far. Generally speaking, the current measures to control saline-alkali land mainly include the following:

Adding soil amendments: In a small area, it is effective to apply amendments for a specific salinity composition. Although the addition of amendments, especially chemical amendments, has a quick effect, it is easy to introduce new ions and increase the salt content in the soil. In addition to the financial and technical requirements, it is difficult to implement in a large area.

Phytoremediation: low cost, little disturbance to the environment, high environmental aesthetic value, easy to be accepted by the public, and its application is relatively common all over the world. However, phytoremediation has certain requirements on conditions such as soil fertility, geographical climate, salinity, pH, and irrigation system. If the management is not good, the salt may return to the main soil through rot and shedding of plant organs, and the time required for this method Longer (at least one growth period).

Agronomic measures: open ditch drainage is usually safer and more economical, but it occupies a lot of land, easily affects farming, and the effect of salt drainage is poor, while underground drainage has more drainage, large depth of drawdown, good desalination effect and low management costs, but drains and washes salt It is not suitable for areas with drought, little rain, high evapotranspiration ratio, and lack of fresh water. In addition, setting up drainage pipes underground can easily lead to ammonia nitrogen

At the same time, it also has a negative effect on the biological activity, structure and fertility of the soil.

Restoration of severe saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot) has always been a difficult point in saline-alkali land management, and there are few related studies. Due to financial and technical reasons, there is no practical and feasible governance measure so far.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: using wood vinegar to improve the soil alkaline environment of severely saline-alkali land (prairie alkali spot), making it suitable for earthworm growth and plant growth; using earthworms and earthworm cultures to improve the soil of severe saline-alkali land (prairie alkali spot) surface ecology.

To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses the following technical contents:

A method for comprehensively repairing severe saline-alkali land by using earthworms and wood vinegar, is characterized in that it is carried out according to the following steps:

(1) Deeply plow the soil of severe saline-alkali land for 50-100cm, dilute the solution with wood vinegar, the concentration of which is 1:100, and fully spray with 1000-3000ml/㎡ to adjust the soil pH to 7;

(2) Remove 20-30 cm of the soil layer after deep plowing, and evenly mix part of the soil with the earthworm culture according to the weight ratio of 1:1-3 for backfilling;

(3) Dilute the solution with wood vinegar, the concentration of which is 1:100, spray the mixed layer of soil and earthworm culture at 1000-3000ml/㎡, and adjust the humidity at 60-75%; stocking per square meter 50-60 adult earthworms;

The earthworm culture layer refers to: the mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, wherein the weight and number ratio of fermented livestock and poultry manure to crop straw or weeds is 2-1: 1-2, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 25:1;

(4) Cover the surface soil with 10-20cm, remove sundries, rake the surface soil with iron rake, and rake it finely; sow saline-alkali-resistant grass seeds with a seeding rate of 1.5-10kg/667m ² , and spread them evenly with a seeder; after sowing, Cover the soil with a soil rake for more than 2 times, with a thickness of 0.2cm, and then use a 50-80kg roller to suppress it twice to ensure that the grass seeds are in close contact with the soil and have a certain degree of compactness. Use grass thatch or crushed crop straw for Covering, moisturizing, preventing seed loss, reducing runoff scouring the surface and causing surface compaction;

(5) Spray irrigation for the first time within 24 hours after sowing, spray the soil 10cm, and spray twice a day to ensure that the lawn bed is moist until the seeds germinate. Sprinkle the lawn once every 5 days until it becomes a turf; after the seedlings are unearthed neatly, choose a rainy or sunny evening to spray a diluted solution of wood vinegar (300 times) to maintain soil moisture, maintain earthworm life, and prevent seedlings from being damaged. Dehydration damage.

The earthworm culture layer in the present invention refers to earthworm bait mixed with fermented livestock and poultry (cattle, sheep, pig, chicken) manure and crop (soybean, corn, rice) straw.

The invention further discloses the application of the method of comprehensively repairing severe saline-alkali land by using earthworms and wood vinegar in the aspect of ecological restoration of grassland alkali spot control. Experimental results show that:

(1) The present invention is simple and easy to implement, and has strong operability;

(2) The restoration effect is outstanding and there is no reversibility;

(3) The vegetation grows vigorously, which can extend and expand the restoration area ecologically.

A more detailed description of the present invention follows:

Step 1. Deeply plow the soil in the heavily saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot), and fully spray with the diluted solution of wood vinegar to adjust the soil pH value;

Step 2, removing part of the soil layer after deep plowing, and backfilling with earthworm culture;

Step 3, spraying with the diluted solution of wood vinegar, adjusting the humidity of the earthworm culture layer, and stocking an appropriate amount of earthworms;

Step 4, cover with turf or ground with vegetation to maintain the humidity of the earthworm culture layer, and the earthworm culture layer also provides nutrients and water for the turf to establish a perfect local ecological environment; or on the earthworm culture layer, cover Adjust the soil layer with a good pH value, spray it with wood vinegar dilution, and sow salt-alkali-tolerant plant seeds after moisture conservation.

Step five, regular maintenance, spray wood vinegar diluted solution, maintain soil moisture, maintain earthworm life and plant growth.

Wood vinegar, commercially available foliar fertilizer, containing 86.13% acetic acid, 5.91% ethyl acetate, 3.19% guaiacol, 1.95% hydroxyacetone, 1.22% furfural, 0.35% propionic acid, pH 3.5.

Earthworms, commercially available, Taiping No. 2, adult worms, with a single weight of 0.5 grams and a body length of 1 cm.

Earthworm culture, the mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 25:1.

The turf or vegetation is mainly saline-alkali tolerant varieties, such as cattail, star grass, sansevieria, wild barley, chingrass, etc.

The restoration method of the invention can rapidly improve the ecological environment of severe saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot).

The specific experimental results are as follows:

Conclusion: The restoration effect is obvious; the constructed environmental conditions are conducive to the growth of vegetation; earthworms can grow normally under the vegetation and can improve and expand the restoration area and consolidate the restoration effect.

Compared with the prior art, the method of using earthworms and wood vinegar to comprehensively restore severe saline-alkali land disclosed by the present invention has the following positive effects:

(1) The restoration method of the present invention can effectively and rapidly improve the ecological environment of severely saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot), and can reduce soil salinity and alkali content (pH value) within a frost-free period (3 months), increase soil organic matter, and promote Vegetation grows.

(2) Utilize the physical characteristics of organic acids of wood vinegar to change the soil pH and promote the growth and development of earthworms without any damage to the environment.

(3) A complete self-circulating and repairing ecological chain has been constructed.

detailed description:

The present invention is described below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are methods known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered as illustrative rather than limiting the scope of the invention, the spirit and scope of which is defined only by the claims. For those skilled in the art, on the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes or modifications to the material components and dosage in these embodiments also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. All raw materials used are commercially available.

Example 1:

Step 1: Deeply plow the soil of heavily saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot) 50cm, fully spray with wood vinegar solution (100 times) to adjust the soil pH to 7;

Step 2, remove 20cm of the soil layer after deep plowing, and backfill with earthworm culture;

Step 3, spraying with wood vinegar diluted solution (300 times), adjusting the humidity of the earthworm culture layer to 65%, and growing 50 adult earthworms per square meter; the earthworm culture layer refers to: The mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, wherein the weight ratio of fermented livestock and poultry manure to crop straw or weeds is 2:1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1;

Step 4: Cover the surface with 10cm of soil, remove debris, rake the surface with an iron rake, and harrow it finely; sow saline-alkali-resistant grass seeds with a seeding rate of 5kg/667m ² , and spread them evenly with a seeder; after sowing, use a soil rake to Cover the soil more than 2 times, with a thickness of 0.2cm, and then use a 50kg roller to suppress it twice to ensure that the grass seeds are in close contact with the soil and have a certain degree of compactness.

Use grass thatch or crushed crop stalks for covering to keep moisture, prevent seed loss, and reduce surface compaction caused by runoff erosion on the surface.

Step 5: Spray irrigation for the first time within 24 hours after sowing (wood vinegar dilution solution 1:300 volume ratio), spray the soil 10cm, and spray twice a day to ensure that the lawn bed is moist until the seeds germinate, 20 days after germination , to ensure that the lawn is sprinkled once every 3 days, and then every 5 days to sprinkle the lawn until it becomes a lawn.

After the seedlings are unearthed, choose a rainy or sunny evening, and pay attention to the maintenance work after removal, spraying a diluted solution of wood vinegar (300 times) to maintain the soil moisture content, maintain the life of earthworms, and prevent dehydration damage to the seedlings.

Wood vinegar, commercially available foliar fertilizer, containing 86.13% acetic acid, 5.91% ethyl acetate, 3.19% guaiacol, 1.95% hydroxyacetone, 1.22% furfural, 0.35% propionic acid, pH 3.5. Earthworms, commercially available, Taiping No. 2, adult worms, single weight 0.5g, body length about 1cm. Earthworm culture layer, fermented cow dung and soybean straw mixed earthworm bait, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio 25:1, saline-alkali-tolerant grass species: wild barley turf, artificially cultivated, plant height 5cm.

Example 2:

Step 1: Deeply plow the soil of heavily saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot) 50cm, fully spray with wood vinegar solution (100 times) to adjust the soil pH to 7;

Step 2, remove 20cm of the soil layer after deep plowing, mix evenly with earthworm culture and the original soil with adjusted pH value at 1:1, and backfill;

Step 3, spraying with wood vinegar diluted solution (300 times), adjusting the humidity of the earthworm culture mixed layer to 65%, and growing 50 adult earthworms per square meter; the earthworm culture layer refers to: The mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, wherein the weight ratio of fermented livestock and poultry manure to crop straw or weeds is 1:1, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1;

Step 4: Cover the surface with 10cm of soil, remove debris, rake the surface with an iron rake, and rake it finely; sow saline-alkali-resistant grass seeds, with a seeding rate of 8kg/667m ² , and spread them evenly with a seeder; after sowing, use a soil rake to Cover the soil more than 2 times, with a thickness of 0.2cm, and then use an 80kg roller to suppress it twice to ensure that the grass seeds are in close contact with the soil and have a certain degree of compactness.

Use grass thatch or crushed crop stalks for covering to keep moisture, prevent seed loss, and reduce surface compaction caused by runoff erosion on the surface.

Step 5: Spray irrigation for the first time within 24 hours after sowing (wood vinegar dilution solution 1:300 volume ratio), spray the soil 10cm, and spray twice a day to ensure that the lawn bed is moist until the seeds germinate, 20 days after germination , to ensure that the lawn is sprinkled once every 3 days, and then every 5 days to sprinkle the lawn until it becomes a lawn.

After the seedlings are unearthed, choose a rainy or sunny evening, and pay attention to the maintenance work after removal, spraying a diluted solution of wood vinegar (300 times) to maintain the soil moisture content, maintain the life of earthworms, and prevent dehydration damage to the seedlings.

Wood vinegar, commercially available foliar fertilizer, containing 86.13% acetic acid, 5.91% ethyl acetate, 3.19% guaiacol, 1.95% hydroxyacetone, 1.22% furfural, 0.35% propionic acid, pH 3.5. Earthworms, commercially available, Taiping No. 2, adult worms, single weight 0.5g, body length about 1cm. Earthworm culture layer, fermented cow dung and soybean straw mixed earthworm bait, carbon to nitrogen ratio 25:1. Saline-alkali-tolerant grass varieties: star grass turf, artificially cultivated, plant height 5cm.

Example 3

Step 1: Deeply plow the soil of heavily saline-alkali land (grassland alkali spot) 50cm, fully spray with wood vinegar solution (100 times) to adjust the soil pH to 7;

Step 2, remove 20cm of the soil layer after deep plowing, and backfill with earthworm culture;

Step 3, spraying with wood vinegar diluted solution (300 times), adjusting the humidity of the earthworm culture layer to 65%, and growing 50 adult earthworms per square meter; the earthworm culture layer refers to: The mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, wherein the weight ratio of fermented livestock and poultry manure to crop straw or weeds is 1:2, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1;

Step 4: Cover the surface with 10cm of soil, remove sundries, rake the surface with an iron rake, and rake it finely; sow saline-alkali-resistant grass seeds with a seeding rate of 1.5kg/667m ² , and spread them evenly with a seeder; after sowing, use a covering soil rake Cover the soil more than 2 times, with a thickness of 0.2cm, and then use a 60kg roller to suppress it twice to ensure that the grass seeds are in close contact with the soil and have a certain degree of compactness.

Use grass thatch or crushed crop stalks for covering to keep moisture, prevent seed loss, and reduce surface compaction caused by runoff erosion on the surface.

Step 5: Spray irrigation for the first time within 24 hours after sowing (diluted wood vinegar solution 1:300), spray the soil 10cm, and spray twice a day to ensure that the lawn bed is moist until the seeds germinate. After 20 days after germination, ensure that The lawn is sprinkled once every 3 days, and then the lawn is sprinkled once every 5 days until it becomes a lawn.

After the seedlings are unearthed, choose a rainy or sunny evening, and pay attention to the maintenance work after removal, spraying a diluted solution of wood vinegar (300 times) to maintain the soil moisture content, maintain the life of earthworms, and prevent dehydration damage to the seedlings.

Wood vinegar, commercially available foliar fertilizer, containing 86.13% acetic acid, 5.91% ethyl acetate, 3.19% guaiacol, 1.95% hydroxyacetone, 1.22% furfural, 0.35% propionic acid, pH 3.5. Earthworms, commercially available, Taiping No. 2, adult worms, with a single weight of 0.5 grams and a body length of 1 cm. The earthworm culture layer is a mixed earthworm bait of fermented livestock and poultry manure and crop straw or weeds, with a carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 25:1. Saline-alkali-tolerant grass varieties, such as cattail, star grass, sansevieria, wild barley or chingrass, etc.

Claims (4)

1. A kind of 1. method using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair, it is characterised in that enter by the steps OK：

   （1）By heavy salinized ground soil deep ploughing 50-100cm, with pyrolkigneous liquid dilute solution, its concentration is 1:100 dilute solutions, with 1000-3000ml/ ㎡, are fully sprayed, regulation soil pH to 7；

   （2）Soil layer after deep ploughing is removed into 20-30 cm, by part soil and earthworm culture according to weight than 1:1-3 mixing Uniformly backfilled；

   （3）With pyrolkigneous liquid dilute solution, its concentration is 1:100 dilute solutions, with 1000-3000ml/ ㎡, to soil and earthworm Culture mixed layer is sprayed, and regulation humidity is 60-75%；Every square metre is put in a suitable place to breed adult earthworm 50-60 bars；

   Described earthworm culture refers to：The feces of livestock and poultry fermented and crop material or the mixing angleworm bait of weeds, its In the feces of livestock and poultry that ferments and crop material or the ratio of weight and number of weeds be 2-1:1-2, carbon-nitrogen ratio 25：1；

   （4）Top layer earthing 10-20cm, removes impurity removing, and table soil is raked with creeper, harrowed carefully；Salt And Alkali Tolerance grass seeds is sowed, application rate is 1.5—10kg/667m², broadcasted sowing uniformly with seeder；After planting, carry out earthing more than 2 times with drag sealer, cover thick 0.2cm, it Afterwards with 50-80kg rollers carry out suppression 2 times, it is ensured that grass seeds contacted with soil closely, there is certain degree of packing, from straw mat Or the crop material crushed is covered, moisturizing, prevent seed loss, reduction runoff from causing ground dash board to washing away for earth's surface Knot；

   （5）First time sprinkling irrigation is carried out after broadcasting in 24 hours, is 1 using volume ratio:300 pyrolkigneous liquid dilute solution, is squirted Soil 10cm, sprays 2 times for 1 day, ensures level ground bed moistening, until germination, 20 days after germination, ensures to carry out once lawn in 3 days Sprinkling irrigation, is once sprayed for every 5 days afterwards to lawn, until Cheng Ping；Wait come up it is neat after, select rainy days or fine day Carry out at dusk, spray pyrolkigneous liquid dilute solution, keep soil moisture content, maintain earthworm life, prevent from causing seedling Dehydration Injury.
2. 2. the method using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair described in claim 1, wherein described earthworm Culture refers to：The feces of livestock and poultry fermented and crop soybean, corn, rice straw mixing angleworm bait.
3. 3. the method using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair described in claim 1, wherein described salt tolerant Alkali grass seeds refers to saltbush, stinkgrass flower, speedwell, wild barley or sheep's hay.
4. 4. the method using the heavy salinized ground of earthworm and pyrolkigneous liquid comprehensive repair described in claim 1 is administering grassland alkaline spot Application in terms of restoration of the ecosystem.