CN108886900A - Indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and discloses a method for water conservation and soil stabilization for mountain citrus orchards, including: 1) ditching and ridges according to the row spacing of fruit trees of 1.5-3.5m; The mixed sowing method of thatch is planted in drills; the sowing rate of alfalfa is 10-20kg/ha, the sowing rate of broad bean is 50-80kg/ha, and the sowing rate of sagegrass is 10-25kg/ha; Cover rice straw at an amount of 2500‑5000 kg/ha; 4) From April to June of the following year, cover and return to the soil after harvesting alfalfa, broad bean and sagegrass. The invention is suitable for newly cultivated orchards in southern mountainous areas, can effectively reduce soil water and soil loss, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, is beneficial to improving soil physical and chemical properties, and promotes rapid growth of fruit trees.

Description

A method for water conservation and soil stabilization for mountain citrus orchards

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a method for water retention and soil stabilization for mountain citrus orchards.

Background technique

Soil erosion is one of the important environmental problems in our country and even in the world. Soil erosion leads to the decline of land productivity, the aggravation of flood and drought disasters, and the deterioration of ecological environment, which in turn affects the sustainable development of the region. With the development of social economy, a large amount of newly reclaimed land is developed and utilized, and the new soil erosion caused by man is relatively serious. Therefore, how to prevent and control soil erosion has become a major problem to be solved urgently in the current agricultural environmental protection work.

Most orchards in mountainous areas in southern my country are planted on hills, and planting fruit trees is the most common land use method. However, newly cultivated orchards have bare soil and less vegetation, and runoff from rainfall can easily lead to a large loss of soil sediment and nutrients on hillsides. In addition, due to unreasonable agricultural farming methods, serious soil erosion and a large loss of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus have caused soil fertility to decline and water bodies to deteriorate. This not only has a negative impact on the local ecological environment, but also seriously restricts the improvement of local production and living standards. According to research, green manure can improve soil physical and chemical properties, promote crop growth, increase soil microbial quantity and diversity, and improve soil ecological environment. The United States, Japan, South Korea and other countries are all vigorously developing the green manure industry and carrying out land cultivation and fertilization. Using green manure crops to cover the soil of new orchards can effectively reduce the area of bare land, greatly reduce soil erosion, and improve the ecological environment. However, there is no scientific method for the prevention and control of water, soil, nitrogen and phosphorus loss in orchards in southern my country.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for water conservation and soil stabilization for mountain citrus orchards. The invention is suitable for newly reclaimed citrus orchards in southern mountainous areas, can effectively reduce soil water and soil loss, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, is beneficial to improving soil physical and chemical properties, and promotes rapid growth of fruit trees.

The specific technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method for retaining water and soil for mountain citrus orchards, comprising the following steps:

1) Ditch and ridge according to the row spacing of fruit trees 1.5-3.5m.

2) In the first ten days of October, the mixed sowing method of yellow alfalfa, broad bean and sagegrass was planted; the sowing rate of yellow clover was 10-20kg/ha, the sowing rate of broad bean was 50-80kg/ha, and the sowing rate of sagegrass was 10 -25kg/ha.

3) After sowing, cover the soil surface with rice straw at an amount of 2500-5000 kg/ha.

4) From April to June of the following year, after harvesting the alfalfa, broad bean, and sagegrass, all shall be covered and returned to the soil.

The principle of the technical solution of the present invention is: orchards in southern mountainous areas are mostly planted on hills, while newly cultivated citrus orchards have obvious soil bareness and less vegetation, and the runoff generated by rainfall can easily lead to a large loss of soil sediment and nutrients. For this reason, after in-depth research and a large number of experiments, the team of the present invention accidentally discovered that after mixing these three specific green manure crops, sagegrass, clover, and broad bean, they can play a synergistic role in promoting the increase in surface coverage. It is particularly effective in reducing soil moisture evaporation, improving soil fertility, and reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss caused by kinetic energy of rainwater during rainfall. The above-mentioned specific three crops of the present invention can cooperate with each other, and they are indispensable. After comparison, the effect of the mixed planting is far better than that of the single planting, and it is difficult to obtain other similar plants if one of them is replaced. The technical effect of the same level of the present invention. Its technical effect is much higher than the original expectation of the team of the present invention. For the technical effect of each plant, perhaps those skilled in the art can indeed predict after research, but it is not easy to screen out the above-mentioned specific combinations that can produce special synergistic effects from the vast plant species. unforeseen by those skilled in the art.

In addition, after research, the team of the present invention also found that because alfalfa and broad beans are rich in nitrogen-fixing bacteria, covering orchards after harvesting can effectively increase soil nutrients and improve soil fertility. The sagegrass has a large biomass and better vegetation coverage, which can effectively reduce soil erosion. Sagegrass, yellow alfalfa, and broad bean are planted in a mixed sowing method, which can promote each other and effectively play the role of nitrogen fixation and soil erosion reduction. The soil treated by the method of the invention is particularly suitable for planting citrus.

In step 3), the green manure is covered with straw after sowing. On the one hand, it can reduce the evaporation of water on the soil surface, help the germination and growth of green manure seeds, and at the same time reduce the loss of water, soil and nutrients caused by the low vegetation coverage in the early stage. During the growth of green manure, rice straw can be slowly decomposed to promote the growth of green manure crops. On the other hand, after the green manure crops are harvested in the following year, soil mulching can be used to preserve water and moisture, reduce the temperature of the soil and ground in summer, reduce evaporation, and promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the quality of fruits.

The mountain citrus orchard treated by the method of the present invention can reduce runoff water loss by 40.2%, sediment loss by 58.9%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 47.8% and 62.9% compared with no green manure treatment. Significant progress has been made.

Preferably, the mountain orchard is a newly cultivated citrus orchard in the southern mountain hills.

Preferably, in step 1), the row spacing of fruit trees is 2.0-2.5m.

Preferably, in step 2), the sowing rate of Medicago clover is 11-15 kg/ha, the sowing rate of broad bean is 65-75 kg/ha, and the sowing rate of sagegrass is 15-22 kg/ha.

Although the above three kinds of green manure crops can work synergistically, it is not that any proportion of mixed species can achieve better technical results. After a large number of experiments, the team of the present invention found that the actual effect of mixed species under the above-mentioned proportions Preferably, the treated soil is especially suitable for growing citrus.

Preferably, in step 3), the amount of rice straw used is 2800-3500 kg/ha.

Preferably, in step 3), after the rice straw is covered, fertilization and disease control are carried out according to conventional management.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. The mixed planting or drill sowing of three specific green manure crops, sagegrass, clover, and broad bean, can effectively increase the surface coverage, reduce the evaporation of soil water, increase the contact residence time between rainwater and ground soil, and reduce the soil damage caused by the kinetic energy of rainwater during rainfall. Erosion and nutrient loss. Medicago clover and broad bean have nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which can effectively fix nitrogen nutrients during the growth period. Covering the orchard after harvesting can effectively increase soil nutrients to improve the fertility level. Sagegrass has a large biomass and good vegetation coverage, which can effectively reduce soil erosion. The mixture of sagegrass, yellow clover and broad bean can effectively play the role of soil biological nitrogen fixation and reduce soil erosion.

2. Green manure covered with straw after sowing can reduce the evaporation of water on the soil surface and help the germination and growth of green manure seeds. During the growth of green manure, rice straw can be slowly decomposed to promote the growth of green manure crops. After the green manure crops are harvested in the next year, soil mulching can be used to preserve water and moisture, reduce the temperature of the soil and ground in summer, reduce water evaporation, increase the drought resistance of the orchard, and promote the growth of fruit trees and improve the quality of fruits.

3. The mountain citrus orchard treated by the method of the present invention can reduce the loss of runoff water by 40.2%, the amount of sediment loss by 58.9%, and the loss of total nitrogen and phosphorus by 47.8% and 62.9%, compared with the treatment without planting green manure. Soil organic matter content increased by 10.7%. Significant progress has been made.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

General Example

A kind of method for retaining water and soil for mountain citrus orchards, comprising the following steps:

1) Ditch and ridge according to the row spacing of fruit trees 1.5-3.5m.

2) In the first ten days of October, the mixed sowing method of yellow alfalfa, broad bean and sagegrass was planted; the sowing rate of yellow clover was 10-20kg/ha, the sowing rate of broad bean was 50-80kg/ha, and the sowing rate of sagegrass was 10 -25kg/ha.

3) After sowing, cover the soil surface with rice straw at an amount of 2500-5000 kg/ha.

4) From April to June of the following year, after harvesting the alfalfa, broad bean, and sagegrass, all shall be covered and returned to the soil.

Preferably, the mountain orchard is a newly reclaimed orchard in the southern mountainous hills.

Preferably, in step 1), the row spacing of fruit trees is 2.0-2.5m.

Preferably, in step 2), the sowing rate of Medicago clover is 11-15 kg/ha, the sowing rate of broad bean is 65-75 kg/ha, and the sowing rate of sagegrass is 15-22 kg/ha.

Preferably, in step 3), the amount of rice straw used is 2800-3500 kg/ha.

Preferably, in step 3), after the rice straw is covered, fertilization and disease control are carried out according to conventional management.

Example 1

Mixed planting experiment of alfalfa, sagegrass, and broad bean: choose a new citrus orchard in the south, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In the first ten days of October, yellow alfalfa, sagegrass, and broad beans were planted in a mixed sowing method at the dosage of 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, and 70kg/ha. After sowing, the soil surface was covered with 3000kg/ha of straw. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure treatment, the interplanting of yellow clover, sagegrass and broad bean can reduce runoff water loss by 40.2%, sediment loss by 58.9%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 47.8% and 62.9% %, and the content of soil organic matter increased by 10.7%.

Comparative example 1

Single-plant application test of Medicago sativa: choose the new citrus orchard in the south, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In early October, the yellow alfalfa was sown at a rate of 102kg/ha, and the soil surface was covered with 3000kg/ha of straw after sowing. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure planting, sowing alfalfa can reduce runoff water loss by 29.8%, sediment loss by 46.1%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 38.3% and 49.4%.

Comparative example 2

Single-species application test of sagegrass: choose the southern citrus orchard, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In early October, sagegrass was sown at a dosage of 102kg/ha, and after sowing, 3000kg/ha of straw was covered on the soil surface. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure treatment, the interplanting of sagegrass can reduce runoff water loss by 43.6%, sediment loss by 60.3%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 49.5% and 66.3%. Although sagegrass has a strong ability to maintain water and soil, but at the same time, it was found that the single sagegrass grows too vigorously at this sowing rate, and it competes with citrus fruit trees for nutrients, resulting in poor growth of citrus trees, which is not conducive to the normal growth of citrus orchards. , so it cannot be practically applied. However, the space between the three mixed crops of the present invention can be fully utilized to promote mutual growth without threatening the growth of citrus fruit trees.

Comparative example 3

Broad bean single-species application test: choose the southern citrus orchard, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In early October, broad beans were sown at a rate of 102kg/ha, and after sowing, 3000kg/ha of straw was covered on the soil surface. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure planting, broad bean interplanting can reduce runoff water loss by 8.9%, sediment loss by 17.4%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 20.2% and 28.6%.

Comparative example 4

Mixed planting experiment of alfalfa, milk vetch, and faba bean: Select the new citrus orchard in the south, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In the first ten days of October, yellow alfalfa, milk vetch, and broad bean were planted in a mixed sowing method at the dosage of 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, and 70kg/ha. After sowing, the soil surface was covered with 3000kg/ha of straw. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure planting, the interplanting of yellow alfalfa, milk vetch and broad bean can reduce runoff water loss by 34.7%, sediment loss by 41.8%, total nitrogen and phosphorus loss by 45.7% and 49.4%.

Comparative example 5

The application test of the mixed planting of Arrowhead pea, milk vetch and broad bean: choose the new citrus orchard in the south, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In early October, arrow tongue pea, milk vetch, and broad bean were planted in a mixed sowing method at the dosage of 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, and 70kg/ha. After sowing, the soil surface was covered with 3000kg/ha of straw. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure planting, interplanting arrow tongue pea, milk vetch, and broad bean can reduce runoff water loss by 13.6%, sediment loss by 22.4%, and total nitrogen and phosphorus loss by 29.5%. and 27.3%.

Comparative example 6

Mixed planting experiment of sweet potato, milk vetch, and broad bean: Select the new citrus orchard in the south, and the row spacing of citrus trees is 2m. In the first ten days of October, vetch, vetch, and broad bean were planted in a mixed sowing method at the dosage of 12kg/ha, 20kg/ha, and 70kg/ha. After sowing, the soil surface was covered with 3000kg/ha of straw. Fertilization and disease control were carried out according to conventional management. Continuous one-year monitoring showed that compared with no green manure planting, the interplanting of sweet potato, milk vetch, and broad bean can reduce runoff water loss by 26.4%, sediment loss by 32.8%, total nitrogen and total phosphorus loss by 37.1% and 39.8%.

Through the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-6, it can be seen that the three green manure crops of the present invention, clover, sagegrass, and broad bean can synergize, and both are indispensable, and the effect of planting at the same time is far better than that of single planting time, and after replacing 1-2 kinds of green manure wherein, just can't obtain the technical effect of the same level of the present invention.

Raw materials used in the present invention, equipment, if not specified, are commonly used raw materials, equipment in this area; Method used in the present invention, if not specified, are conventional methods in this area.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications, changes and equivalent transformations made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the technical solution of the present invention. scope of protection.

Claims (6)

1. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard, it is characterised in that include the following steps：

1）By fruit tree line-spacing 1.5-3.5m ditching, ridging；

2）In early October, carry out bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass mixed seeding mode strip sowing planting；The application rate of bur clover For 10-20kg/ha, the application rate 50-80kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 10-25kg/ha；

3）After the completion of sowing, rice straw is covered in soil surface, dosage is 2500-5000 kg/ha；

4）Month next year 4-6, covering cultivation was all carried out after harvesting to bur clover, semen viciae fabae, rattail fescue grass.

2. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the mountainous region Citrus orchard is the newly-ploughed citrus orchard on southern mountain hills.

3. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that step 1）In, fruit tree line-spacing is 2.0-2.5m.

4. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2） In, the application rate of bur clover is 11-15kg/ha, and the application rate 65-75kg/ha of semen viciae fabae, the application rate of rattail fescue grass is 15- 22kg/ha。

5. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3） In, the dosage of rice straw is 2800-3500 kg/ha.

6. indigenous method is consolidated in a kind of water conservation for mountainous region citrus orchard as claimed in claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that step 3）In, after covering rice straw, fertilising and disease control are carried out according to Routine Management.