CN112772320A - Rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field - Google Patents
Rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772320A CN112772320A CN202011636360.2A CN202011636360A CN112772320A CN 112772320 A CN112772320 A CN 112772320A CN 202011636360 A CN202011636360 A CN 202011636360A CN 112772320 A CN112772320 A CN 112772320A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field, which can use different soil conditioners according to the difference of the pH value of soil after the pH value detection is carried out, and the soil conditioner is used for improving the soil quality, so that the soil with over acidification, salinization, hardening and fertilization can recover the activity, the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil can be improved, the soil environment suitable for growth can be provided, the virtuous circle of the soil can be facilitated, the crop yield can be improved, and the quality can be improved; the selection of different rice seeds for cultivation can not only reduce additional breeding, protect germplasm resources and prevent the loss of resistance of varieties, but also effectively control the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds by increasing the stability of a farmland ecosystem and realize safe and healthy production; the rice and the lobsters are mixed and kept, rice field resources are reasonably utilized, the space for breeding the lobsters is reduced, the environment is protected, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field.
Background
The macronutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil usually cannot meet the growth requirement of crops, and the fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is required to be applied for supplement. Besides chlorine in the soil, the trace elements are not deficient, and trace element fertilizers are needed to be applied to other trace elements. Fertilizers are generally mostly inorganic compounds, and urea is only an organic compound. Fertilizers containing only one kind of nutrient element with marked content are called unit fertilizers, such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the like. The fertilizer containing two or more of the three nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the content of which can be indicated is called compound fertilizer or mixed fertilizer. The applied fertilizer contains more harmful germs, and even if the fertilizer can fully meet the nutrients required by the growth of rice, the physiological diseases of the rice can be easily caused, so that the yield is generally reduced.
Crop straws are main byproducts of agricultural production, a small amount of crop straws are used as raw materials for papermaking, and the rest of crop straws are mainly used for direct straw returning, straw silage or dry storage feed, straw briquette fuel or biochar and the like. The direct returning to the field is an important means for resource utilization of the straws, so that the problem of environmental pollution caused by straw burning can be solved, the accumulation of organic matters in the soil can be increased, the soil structure can be improved, and the soil can be fertilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to the field so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil for rice planting;
s2, processing and detecting soil;
the treatment of the soil also comprises turning up the soil for insolation to eliminate worm eggs buried in the soil. In the embodiment, in the using process, the soil is ploughed, then the ploughed soil is subjected to insolation for 4-5 days, and the eggs in the soil are eliminated by the insolation, so that the subsequent rice planting is prevented from being influenced after the eggs are hatched;
s3, fertilizing and processing the soil according to the detection result of the soil;
the soil in the field is detected for the pH value, when the soil is detected to be acidic, the soil can be improved by using the acidic soil conditioner, when the soil is detected to be alkaline, the soil can be improved by using the alkaline soil conditioner, and the field needing to plant rice is improved by using the unused soil conditioner;
after the soil is subjected to pH value detection, different soil conditioners can be used according to the difference of the pH value of the soil, the soil quality can be improved by using the soil conditioners, so that the soil which is over-acidified, salinized, hardened and fertilized recovers the activity, the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil is improved, the soil environment suitable for growth is provided, the virtuous cycle of the soil is facilitated, the crop yield is improved, the quality is improved, the maturing rate is improved, the harvesting period is prolonged in advance, the nutrition level of fruits is increased, the water retention of the soil is improved, and the soil adsorption performance is improved.
S4, selecting different rice seeds for cultivation;
selecting rice varieties with similar growth periods, similar agronomic characters and different resistance genes, and carrying out seedling raising on rice seeds of different varieties; the mode not only can reduce additional breeding, protect germplasm resources and prevent the loss of resistance of the variety, but also can effectively control the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests by increasing the stability of a farmland ecosystem and realize safe and healthy production;
s5, transplanting the cultivated rice seedlings into the treated land;
transplanting rice seedlings when the seedlings are 12-13 cm, and transplanting rice seedlings of different varieties into a field; the row spacing of the rice transplanting is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 12-16 cm;
s6, when the rice grows to the tillering stage, putting shrimp seedlings, applying 460kg/1 mu of quicklime before putting the shrimp seedlings, and putting 26 tails/1 mu of 3-4cm long shrimp seedlings;
s7, feeding lobster feed into the stocking pond 4 days after stocking the shrimp fries;
s8, managing water quality, performing flood prevention and escape prevention, feeding animal feed after the shrimps are unshelled, fishing the grown shrimps, and harvesting rice.
And S9, harvesting the mature rice by using a harvester.
S10, harvesting and crushing the rice straws, and applying the rice straws to a rice field in a full amount;
s11, applying straw decomposing inoculant to the paddy field and then deep ploughing and rolling: adjusting the relative water holding capacity of the soil in the paddy field to be about 75 percent before the plough layer is thawed to be 30 days away from the rice transplanting; after the straw decomposing inoculant is mixed with water, the mixture is uniformly sprayed on straw powder in a paddy field by adopting large-scale mechanical equipment, and then the paddy field is deeply ploughed and turned over according to the depth of deep ploughing which is more than or equal to 20cm, so that the straw is tightly covered in the soil.
Further, in S3, the soil conditioner is used to improve the ph of the soil, and the soil conditioner is divided into an alkaline soil conditioner and an acidic soil conditioner.
Further, the alkaline soil conditioner is formed by combining biochar, ground phosphate rock, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, plant ash and the like.
Further, the acid land modifier is formed by combining dealuminized red mud powder, phosphogypsum, plant ash, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, compound microbial agent, cementing material and the like.
Further, in the step S10, according to the requirement that the stubble height is less than or equal to 5cm, the rice straws are harvested and completely crushed, the crushing length is 2-5cm, the qualified rate of the crushing length is more than 90%, and the straws are uniformly scattered in the rice field after being crushed.
Further, the dosage of the straw-decomposing agent in the step S11 is 15 mL/mu, and the dosage of the straw-decomposing agent/water (v/v is 1: 100).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
after the soil is subjected to pH value detection, different soil conditioners can be used according to the difference of the pH value of the soil, the soil quality can be improved by using the soil conditioners, so that the soil which is over-acidified, salinized, hardened and fertilized recovers the activity, the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil is improved, the soil environment suitable for growth is provided, the virtuous cycle of the soil is facilitated, the crop yield is improved, the quality is improved, the maturing rate is improved, the harvesting period is prolonged in advance, the nutrition level of fruits is increased, the water retention of the soil is improved, and the soil adsorption performance is improved.
The selection of different rice seeds for cultivation can not only reduce additional breeding, protect germplasm resources and prevent the loss of resistance of varieties, but also effectively control the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds by increasing the stability of a farmland ecosystem and realize safe and healthy production;
the rice and the lobsters are mixed and cultured, rice field resources are reasonably utilized, the space for culturing the lobsters is reduced, the lobster excrement can be effectively utilized as the fertilizer for the rice, the environment is protected, the cost is reduced, meanwhile, the crayfishes can loosen the soil and remove insect pests for the rice, the rice can purify the culture water, a good growth environment is created for the crayfishes, and the quality of the crayfishes is improved.
The invention regulates and controls the water layer when the rice straw is decomposed, so that harmful ingredients generated by decomposition of the straw are quickly discharged, and the damage to the rice is effectively avoided.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
A rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting soil for rice planting;
s2, processing and detecting soil;
the treatment of the soil also comprises turning up the soil for insolation to eliminate worm eggs buried in the soil. In the embodiment, in the using process, the soil is ploughed, then the ploughed soil is subjected to insolation for 4-5 days, and the eggs in the soil are eliminated by the insolation, so that the subsequent rice planting is prevented from being influenced after the eggs are hatched;
s3, fertilizing and processing the soil according to the detection result of the soil;
the soil in the field is detected for the pH value, when the soil is detected to be acidic, the soil can be improved by using the acidic soil conditioner, when the soil is detected to be alkaline, the soil can be improved by using the alkaline soil conditioner, and the field needing to plant rice is improved by using the unused soil conditioner;
after the soil is subjected to pH value detection, different soil conditioners can be used according to the difference of the pH value of the soil, the soil quality can be improved by using the soil conditioners, so that the soil which is over-acidified, salinized, hardened and fertilized recovers the activity, the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil is improved, the soil environment suitable for growth is provided, the virtuous cycle of the soil is facilitated, the crop yield is improved, the quality is improved, the maturing rate is improved, the harvesting period is prolonged in advance, the nutrition level of fruits is increased, the water retention of the soil is improved, and the soil adsorption performance is improved.
The soil conditioner is used for improving the pH value of soil, and the soil conditioner is divided into an alkaline soil conditioner and an acidic soil conditioner;
wherein the alkaline soil conditioner is formed by combining biochar, powdered rock phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, plant ash and the like; the acid land modifier is formed by combining dealuminized red mud powder, phosphogypsum, plant ash, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, compound microbial agent, cementing material and the like;
s4, selecting different rice seeds for cultivation;
selecting rice varieties with similar growth periods, similar agronomic characters and different resistance genes, and carrying out seedling raising on rice seeds of different varieties; the mode not only can reduce additional breeding, protect germplasm resources and prevent the loss of resistance of the variety, but also can effectively control the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests by increasing the stability of a farmland ecosystem and realize safe and healthy production;
s5, transplanting the cultivated rice seedlings into the treated land;
transplanting rice seedlings when the seedlings are 12-13 cm, and transplanting rice seedlings of different varieties into a field; the row spacing of the rice transplanting is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 12-16 cm;
s6, when the rice grows to the tillering stage, putting shrimp seedlings, applying 460kg/1 mu of quicklime before putting the shrimp seedlings, and putting 26 tails/1 mu of 3-4cm long shrimp seedlings;
s7, feeding lobster feed into the stocking pond 4 days after stocking the shrimp fries;
s8, managing water quality, performing flood prevention and escape prevention, feeding animal feed after the shrimps are unshelled, fishing the grown shrimps, and harvesting rice.
And S9, harvesting the mature rice by using a harvester.
S10, harvesting and crushing the rice straws, and applying the rice straws to the rice field in a full amount: according to the requirement that the stubble height is less than or equal to 5cm, harvesting and completely crushing the rice straws, wherein the crushing length is 2-5cm, the qualified rate of the crushing length is more than 90%, and the straws are uniformly scattered in the rice field after being crushed;
s11, applying straw decomposing inoculant to the paddy field and then deep ploughing and rolling: adjusting the relative water holding capacity of the soil in the paddy field to be about 75 percent before the plough layer is thawed to be 30 days away from the rice transplanting; after being mixed with water, the straw decomposition agent is uniformly sprayed on straw powder in a paddy field by adopting large-scale mechanical equipment, then the paddy field is deeply ploughed and turned over according to the depth of deep ploughing being more than or equal to 20cm, so that the straws are tightly covered in the soil, wherein the using amount of the straw decomposition agent is 15 mL/mu, and the ratio of the straw decomposition agent to water is 1: 100;
the invention regulates and controls the water layer when the rice straw is decomposed, so that harmful ingredients generated by decomposition of the straw are quickly discharged, and the damage to the rice is effectively avoided.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting soil for rice planting;
s2, processing and detecting soil;
the treatment of the soil also comprises turning up the soil for insolation to eliminate worm eggs buried in the soil. In the embodiment, in the using process, the soil is ploughed, then the ploughed soil is subjected to insolation for 4-5 days, and the eggs in the soil are eliminated by the insolation, so that the subsequent rice planting is prevented from being influenced after the eggs are hatched;
s3, fertilizing and processing the soil according to the detection result of the soil;
the soil in the field is detected for the pH value, when the soil is detected to be acidic, the soil can be improved by using the acidic soil conditioner, when the soil is detected to be alkaline, the soil can be improved by using the alkaline soil conditioner, and the field needing to plant rice is improved by using the unused soil conditioner;
after the soil is subjected to pH value detection, different soil conditioners can be used according to the difference of the pH value of the soil, the soil quality can be improved by using the soil conditioners, so that the soil which is over-acidified, salinized, hardened and fertilized recovers the activity, the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil is improved, the soil environment suitable for growth is provided, the virtuous cycle of the soil is facilitated, the crop yield is improved, the quality is improved, the maturing rate is improved, the harvesting period is prolonged in advance, the nutrition level of fruits is increased, the water retention of the soil is improved, and the soil adsorption performance is improved.
S4, selecting different rice seeds for cultivation;
selecting rice varieties with similar growth periods, similar agronomic characters and different resistance genes, and carrying out seedling raising on rice seeds of different varieties; the mode not only can reduce additional breeding, protect germplasm resources and prevent the loss of resistance of the variety, but also can effectively control the occurrence of the plant diseases and insect pests by increasing the stability of a farmland ecosystem and realize safe and healthy production;
s5, transplanting the cultivated rice seedlings into the treated land;
transplanting rice seedlings when the seedlings are 12-13 cm, and transplanting rice seedlings of different varieties into a field; the row spacing of the rice transplanting is 20-25cm, and the plant spacing is 12-16 cm;
s6, when the rice grows to the tillering stage, putting shrimp seedlings, applying 460kg/1 mu of quicklime before putting the shrimp seedlings, and putting 26 tails/1 mu of 3-4cm long shrimp seedlings;
s7, feeding lobster feed into the stocking pond 4 days after stocking the shrimp fries;
s8, managing water quality, performing flood prevention and escape prevention, feeding animal feed after the shrimps are unshelled, fishing the grown shrimps, and harvesting rice.
And S9, harvesting the mature rice by using a harvester.
S10, harvesting and crushing the rice straws, and applying the rice straws to a rice field in a full amount;
s11, applying straw decomposing inoculant to the paddy field and then deep ploughing and rolling: adjusting the relative water holding capacity of the soil in the paddy field to be about 75 percent before the plough layer is thawed to be 30 days away from the rice transplanting; after the straw decomposing inoculant is mixed with water, the mixture is uniformly sprayed on straw powder in a paddy field by adopting large-scale mechanical equipment, and then the paddy field is deeply ploughed and turned over according to the depth of deep ploughing which is more than or equal to 20cm, so that the straw is tightly covered in the soil.
2. The mixed planting method of rice with total straw returned to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the soil conditioner is used for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and the soil conditioner is divided into alkaline soil conditioner and acidic soil conditioner.
3. The mixed rice planting method with total straw returning as claimed in claim 2, wherein the alkaline soil conditioner is composed of biochar, ground phosphate rock, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, plant ash and the like.
4. The mixed rice planting method with total straw returned to field as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the acidic land improving agent is composed of dealuminized red mud powder, phosphogypsum, plant ash, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, compound microbial agent, cementing material and the like.
5. The rice mixed planting method of returning the total amount of straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S10, the rice straws are harvested and completely crushed according to the requirement that the stubble height is less than or equal to 5cm, the crushing length is 2-5cm, the qualified rate of the crushing length is more than 90%, and the straws are uniformly scattered in the rice field after being crushed.
6. The mixed planting method of rice with total straw returned to field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of straw-decomposing agent used in step S11 is 15 mL/acre, and the ratio of straw-decomposing agent/water (v/v is 1: 100).
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| CN202011636360.2A CN112772320A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Rice mixed planting method for returning all straws to field |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114747443A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-15 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for rotation of ganoderma lucidum and rice |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247211A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽涂远农业有限公司 | A kind of composite slow-release fertilizer supported altogether for rice shrimp and rice shrimp support method altogether |
| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
| CN111937700A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-17 | 苏州市智惠岛农业科技有限公司 | Mixed planting method for rice |
-
2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202011636360.2A patent/CN112772320A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247211A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-22 | 安徽涂远农业有限公司 | A kind of composite slow-release fertilizer supported altogether for rice shrimp and rice shrimp support method altogether |
| CN111512914A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-11 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for returning all straws to field in continuous cropping planting of rice |
| CN111937700A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-17 | 苏州市智惠岛农业科技有限公司 | Mixed planting method for rice |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114747443A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-15 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for rotation of ganoderma lucidum and rice |
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Application publication date: 20210511 |