CN107922892A - 具有抗内生孢子功效的抗微生物组合物 - Google Patents
具有抗内生孢子功效的抗微生物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107922892A CN107922892A CN201680048507.1A CN201680048507A CN107922892A CN 107922892 A CN107922892 A CN 107922892A CN 201680048507 A CN201680048507 A CN 201680048507A CN 107922892 A CN107922892 A CN 107922892A
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057950 sodium laureth sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CC([O-])=O KSAVQLQVUXSOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940045885 sodium lauroyl sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WDFRNBJHDMUMBL-OICFXQLMSA-M sodium;(4r)-4-[(3r,5s,7r,8r,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 WDFRNBJHDMUMBL-OICFXQLMSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HRQDCDQDOPSGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O HRQDCDQDOPSGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004763 spore germination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAMMXRHDATVZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothious S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)=S QAMMXRHDATVZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003627 tricarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ICUTUKXCWQYESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triclocarban Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 ICUTUKXCWQYESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38636—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing enzymes other than protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, oxidase or reductase
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/46—N-acyl derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/835—Mixtures of non-ionic with cationic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
- C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0047—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect pH regulated compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/046—Salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2068—Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38618—Protease or amylase in liquid compositions only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38645—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing cellulase
-
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Abstract
一种杀孢子组合物具有适度低的pH值并且包括至少一种无机氧化剂的离解产物和糖苷酶。高的有效溶质浓度可以提高组合物的功效。该组合物可以施用到表面并且允许其被吸收进内生孢子,最终杀死至少一些处于成熟内生孢子形式的那些细菌。待处理的表面包括通过清洁处理的无生命(硬)表面和典型地通过浸泡处理的医疗器械,例如内窥镜。
Description
相关申请交叉引用
本国际申请要求分别提交于2015年8月7日和2015年8月31日的美国临时专利申请Nos.62/202,644和62/212,552的权益,其的公开内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
与真正的孢子不同,内生孢子不是另一个生物体的后代。然而,术语“孢子”和“内生孢子”在本文通篇可以互换使用。
营养细菌是可以生长、饲养和繁殖的细菌。当养分变得稀少时,某些营养细菌开始被称为“孢子形成”的过程,其中它们采取一种减少的,休眠的形式,允许他们在没有养分的情况下生存,并赋予他们对紫外线辐射、干燥、升高的温度、极端寒冷和化学消毒剂的抗性。在环境条件恢复到有利于营养生长后不久,此细菌能以孢核复水、皮质水解、孢壳脱落和最终启动DNA复制,来退出它们的休眠状态(“孢子萌发”)。有关这些复杂过程的其他信息,感兴趣的读者可以参考任一各种文本诸如,例如,J.C.Pommerville,Fundamentals ofMicrobiology,10th ed.(Jones&Bartlett Learning;Burlington,Massachusetts)。
在孢子形成步骤开始时,称为“母细胞”的营养细菌制作了它的DNA的副本,然后在新的DNA副本周围形成了质膜,具有复制DNA的细胞部分被质膜完全包围,称为“前孢子”。孢子形成的下一个形态学阶段是前孢子被其母细胞“吞没”,类似于吞噬的过程;当吞没完成时,前孢子被其内膜和外膜完全包围,并游离于母细胞细胞质中。在孢子的此核心附近集合了一系列保护结构,该结构的完成导致成熟内生孢子,该成熟内生孢子在母细胞裂解后被释放。
内生孢子具有多层结构,所有多层结构都保护核仁。核仁受若干层的保护,在以下表1中从内到外的顺序示出:
表1
孢子内壳可溶于碱性溶液,但孢子外壳抗碱水解,很可能在很大程度上是由于其众多的二硫(-S-S-)键。
孢子是非常难以根除的并且涉及疾病的传播,如艰难梭菌(C.diff)感染和炭疽病。
艰难梭菌(C.difficile)是革兰氏阳性、产孢细菌,通常在医疗保健设施中发现,且是引起抗生素相关性腹泻的原因。艰难梭菌(C.difficile)感染是一个日益严重的问题,每年影响数十万人,造成很大一部分受感染者死亡。艰难梭菌(C.difficile)孢子对大多数常规的表面清洁方法是有抗性的,在环境中长时间保持存活。
炭疽病是急性的、通常是致命的影响人类和动物的疾病,由炭疽杆菌(B.anthraci)细菌引起,其孢子可在体外产生并作为生物武器使用。炭疽病不会直接从一个受感染的动物或人传播到另一个,而是由孢子传播。
抑制孢子化合物不是杀孢子的,即它们不杀死孢子;相反,它们抑制孢子的萌发或导致萌发的孢子异常生长。孢子可以在暴露于这些化合物的情况下存活,然后在抑制孢子化合物不再存在后生长。抑制孢子化合物包括酚和甲酚、有机酸和酯、醇、季铵化合物、双胍类和有机汞化合物。某些抑制孢子化合物在高浓度下可以是少量杀灭孢子的;关于某些抑制孢子化合物为达到任何杀孢子功效所需的相对浓度,参见,例如,A.D.Russell,“Bacterial Spores and Chemical Sporicidal Agents,”Clinical MicrobiologyReviews,pp.99-119(1990))。
通常使用的孢子处理选项包括醛,特别是戊二醛和甲醛;释氯剂,包括Cl2、次氯酸钠、次氯酸钙以及氯还原剂,如二氯异氰尿酸盐;碘和碘伏;过氧类包括过氧化氢和过氧乙酸;气体,如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和臭氧;以及β-丙内酯。尽管,在所有情况下,它们抗孢子的活性机制还不是特别清楚,但该活性是受活性分子(一种或多种)通过孢子的保护层的渗透率限制。这需要穿透各种保护层,意味着孢子必须长时间暴露在高浓度的这些产品中。
美国专利Nos.8,940,792和9,314,017以及美国专利公开Nos.2010/0086576、2013/0272922、2013/0079407和2016/0073628描述了抗微生物组合物及其各种用途。孢子的核心和皮质(包括皮质膜)容易被这些文献所描述的高渗透压摩尔浓度组合物的类型分解和溶解。然而,此组合物还没被发现是有特别有效的抗孢子,可能由于能力有限,不足以破坏和然后穿透孢子外壳和孢子内壳。
仍然需要的是能够穿透内生孢子的各种防御且杀死其中的细菌的组合物。这样的组合物优选地是有效抗细菌内生孢子的,如艰难梭菌(C.difficile)和炭疽杆菌(B.anthraci),而没有对处理或接触它的人类展产生毒性问题。
发明内容
一方面,提供一种组合物,该组合物可以杀灭各种处于成熟内生孢子形式的产孢细菌。该组合物是至少略微酸性的,但其pH值是至少4.5。它包括溶质组分,该溶质组分包括至少一种酸、缓冲剂前体的离解产物、至少一种电解质氧化剂的离解产物以及至少一种糖苷酶。在某些实施方式中,该组合物还可以包括有机液体、润湿剂(特别是离子表面活性剂)和各种非氧化电解质中的一种或多种,以提高该组合物的有效溶质浓度。有利地,该组合物不需要包括有效杀孢子的活性抗微生物剂。
该组合物包括溶剂组分和溶质组分,其存在足够量导致组合物的总渗透压摩尔浓度至少0.5Osm/L,一般至少0.75Osm/L以及通常至少1Osm/L,直至在溶剂组分中的溶质组分的溶解度极限。
在某些实施方式中,该组合物的溶剂组分包括水和有机液体(一种或多种)二者,溶剂组分展现出从13.1至15.7MPa1/2的偶极分子间力汉森溶解度参数(HSP)值。
在这些和其它实施方式中,溶质组分包括缓冲剂,该缓冲剂包括至少一种羧酸和所述至少一种羧酸中的一种的共轭碱的离解产物、一种或多种电解质氧化剂的离解产物、糖苷酶和离子表面活性剂。
有利地,该组合物不是强酸性的,即具有5.5±1.0的pH,该范围通常被认为是生物相容的;具体来说,对于一些实施方式,外部暴露不会产生长期的负面的皮肤作用,而摄入可以产生生物降解和/或生物吸收,特别是如果摄入后立即用水稀释。
该组合物有效防止内生孢子细菌返回到营养状态。有利地,在许多实施方式中,它是无毒的,或者在最坏的情况下具有低毒性。许多成分通常被认为是生物相容性的。
该组合物的实施方式在抵抗内生孢子形式的细菌的各种防御上是有效的,具体地,可以断裂二硫键,可以克服固有的疏水性,可以破坏肽聚糖且核心和可以溶解皮质膜。
还提供了一种处理表面的方法。该方法包括将上述组合物的实施方式施用于表面且允许组合物被吸收进内生孢子并且杀灭至少一些处于成熟内生孢子形式的那些细菌。被处理的表面可以是无生命的表面,特别是硬表面,并且有利地是在医疗保健设施中的硬表面。有利地,该组合物可用于处理医疗器械,包括但不限于内窥镜,而对使用其的金属、玻璃、石英或聚合物部件具有很小或不具有负面影响。
该组合物的实施方式可以在商业相关的时间范围内的提供测试中的合格结果,例如AOAC官方方法966.04(AOAC Official Method 966.04)。例如,医疗器械的灭菌处理可以进行小于4小时,有时不大于30分钟。
本发明的其他方面从下面的具体说明中对于普通地技术人员将是显而易见的。为了帮助理解该描述,在下面立即提供了一些定义,并且除非上下文明确表明相反意图,否则它们旨在适用于全文:
“包括”是指包括但不限于列出的成分或步骤;
“由...组成”是指只包括列出的成分(或步骤)和少量的非活性添加剂或佐剂;
“基本地由...组成”是指只包括列出的成分(或步骤)、少量(少于5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.25%或0.1%)的其它成分、和/或非活性添加剂或佐剂,其中其它成分补充杀孢子活性和/或提供鉴于预期的最终用途所需的次要效果(例如,防雾、去污等);
“多元酸”是指具有至少两个羧基基团的化合物,具体包括二羧酸、三羧酸等;
“pH”是指[H+]的以10为底的对数的负值,由可接受的可靠测量方法确定,如正确校准的pH计、相对于已知标准物的滴定曲线或类似;
“pKa”是指特定化合物的酸离解常数的以10为底的对数的负值;
“E0 red”是指在25℃水中还原半反应的标准电压;
“缓冲剂”是指具有在添加到溶液后在相对狭窄范围内维持溶液的pH值能力的化合物或化合物的混合物;
“缓冲剂前体”是指当被加入到含有酸的混合物中时产生缓冲剂的化合物;
“电解质”是指当被加入到水中时表现出一些离解的化合物;
“非氧化电解质”是指除可作为氧化剂的电解质;
“苯扎氯铵”是指由以下通式定义的任何化合物
其中R3是C8-C18烷基基团,或这样的化合物的任何混合物;
“有效溶质浓度”是由存在于给定溶液中分子(来自非电解质)或离子(来自电解质)摩尔数引起的依数性的量度,以渗透压摩尔每升的单位表示。
“δp”是偶极分子间力HSP,溶液或溶剂混合物的该值按照如下计算
其中δdi是溶剂组分i的偶极分子间力的能量,xdi是溶剂组分i相对于溶剂组分总量的百分比,且n是溶剂组分的总数;
“含氧酸”指包含氧的无机酸;
“糖苷酶”是指协助水解复合糖中的糖苷键的酶;
“取代的”是指包含不干扰讨论中基团的预期目的的杂原子或官能团(例如,烃基基团);
“微菌”是指任何类型的微生物,包括但不限于细菌、病毒、真菌、类病毒、朊病毒等;
“抗微生物剂”是指具有造成一种或多种微菌的数量上减少大于90%(1log)的能力的物质。
“活性抗微生物剂”是指仅或主要在微菌的生命周期的活性部分(例如,细胞分裂)有效的抗微生物剂;
“生物相容性”是指对或在哺乳动物类中没有展现出显著的、长期的有害影响;
“生物降解”是指通过酶、化学或物理的体内过程将化学物质转化为更小的化学物类;
“生物吸收”是指将物质吸收进哺乳动物类的身体;
“杀菌剂”是指对于一种或多种类型的有害微生物是致命的物质;
“消毒剂”是指对于一种或多种类型的细菌是致命的物质;
“高水平消毒剂”是指能够杀灭除了少量的内生孢子形式的细菌的所有细菌的消毒剂;
“灭菌剂”是指能够消除所有无论什么形式的微菌的至少6个对数(99.9999%)的减少的物质。
“接触时间”是指允许组合物与表面和/或此表面上的内生孢子接触的时间量;
“硬表面”是指对于流体是无孔的,且在大多数情况下不可变形的任何表面;以及
“医疗保健”是指涉及身体或精神的健康的维持或恢复,或与身体或精神的健康的维持或恢复相关。
在整个文件中,除非上下文明确表示相反的意图,以百分比的形式给出的所有值是w/v,即每升组合物的溶质克数。任何具体引用的专利和/或公开的专利申请的相关部分(一个或多个)通过引用并入本文。
具体实施方式
该组合物将首先在其性质和组分方面描述,许多该组分是广泛可得到的和相对便宜的,然后在其用途方面描述。
该组合物的溶剂组分典型地包括显著量的水。相对于它的总体积,组合物通常包含最多达20%、25%、30%、33%、35%、40%、45%、50%、或甚至55%(全部v/v)。基于每升,组合物经常包括从~50至~500mL、一般地从~75至~475mL、更一般地从~100至~450mL、通常地从~125至~425mL、典型地从~150至~400mL、和最典型为250±50mL水。水不需要特殊处理(例如,蒸馏和/或去离子),尽管当然可以优选不干扰该组合物的所需抗微生物效果的水。
组合物的溶剂组分通常包括至少一种有机液体并且在一些实施方式中,优选的是那些具有比水δp值(δp≈16.0MPa1/2)低的δp值的有机液体。其中,一种或多种有机液体存在于溶剂组分中,总溶剂组分的δp值通常小于16.0、不大于15.6、不大于15.2、不大于15.0、不大于14.6或不大于14.0MPa1/2。在一些实施方式中,总溶剂组分的δp值的范围可以在从13.1至15.7MPa1/2的范围、从13.3至15.6MPa1/2的范围、从13.5至15.5MPa1/2的范围、以及甚至从13.7至15.4MPa1/2的范围。
有机液体(一种或多种)通常存在浓度最高达60%的,通常为5至50%、更通常10至45%、甚至更通常为15至40%、且典型地为20至35%(全部w/v,基于溶剂组分的总体积)。
如果目标δp值已知,要被添加到水的给定有机液体(或有机液体混合物)的量可用式(I)计算。同样,如果有机液体(一种或多种)的量和它们各自的δp值已知,那么预计的δp可以用式(I)计算。
溶剂组分可以由或基本上由仅水或仅一种或多种有机液体组成,优选地是同属有机液体的物类的混合物,例如,两种醚或两种醇,而不是一种醚和一种醇。在某些优选的实施方式中,溶剂组分可由或基本上由水和有机液体组成,优选其具有小于15.5MPa1/2的δp值。在其他实施方式中,所述溶剂组分可由或基本上由水和两种或更多种有机液体组成,所得的溶剂组分具有可以用式(I)计算的δp值;再次地,优选地是同属有机液体的物类的混合物,例如,两种醚或两种醇,而不是一种醚和一种醇。
对于可以被用在溶剂组分中的有机液体,那些与彼此和/或与水可溶混的有机液体是优选的。潜在有用的有机液体的非限制性的示例包括酮,如丙酮、甲基丁基酮、甲基乙基酮和氯丙酮;乙酸盐,如乙酸戊酯、乙酸乙酯和乙酸甲酯;(甲基)丙烯酸酯和衍生物,如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯和丙烯腈;芳基化合物,如苯、氯苯、氟苯、甲苯、二甲苯、苯胺和苯酚;脂族烷烃,如戊烷、异戊烷、己烷、庚烷和癸烷;卤代烷烃,如氯仿、二氯甲烷、氯乙烷和四氯乙烯;环烷烃,如环戊烷和环己烷;和多元醇,如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇和甘油。当选择这样的有机液体以用在组合物的溶剂组分中时,可能的考虑包括避免那些包含将与用在组合物中的酸(一种或多种)/碱(一种或多种)或盐(一种或多种)反应的官能团的那些有机液体和青睐那些拥有较高的监管前置审批限制的有机液体。
优选的有机液体包括醚和醇,由于它们的低组织毒性和环境友好性。这些可以在最高达该组合物中其它成分的溶解极限的浓度下添加。
可以用在溶剂组分中的醚基液体包括由以下通式定义的那些醚基液体
R1(CH2)xO–R2–[O(CH2)z]yZ (II)
其中x是从0至20的整数(任选地包括,其中2≤X≤20,烯属不饱和的一个或多个点),y是0或1,z是从1至4的整数,R2是C1-C6直链或支链亚烷基基团,R1是甲基、异丙基或苯基基团,并且Z是羟基或甲氧基。可用在溶剂组分中的二醇醚(式(II)化合物,Z=OH)的非限制性示例在下面表2中示出。
表2:代表性的二醇醚,具有式(II)变量和δp值
*包括在9位置的不饱和点
环状的和C1-C16非环状(直链和支链的二者,饱和的和不饱和的二者)醇,可选地包括烯属不饱和的一个或多个点和/或一个或多个除醇氧以外的杂原子,如卤素原子、胺氮和类似物,可以包括在组合物的溶剂组分内。代表性的示例的非限制性示例在下表中描述。
表3:代表性的醇,具有δp值
对于含有机液体的溶剂组分的更多信息,感兴趣的读者可以参考美国专利公开No.2016/0073628。
该组合物是略微酸性的。一般地,该组合物具有不小于4.5的pH,且某些实施方式可以具有不小于4.55、4.60、4.75、4.80、4.85、4.90、4.95、或甚至5.00的pH。该组合物还一般地具有不大于6.75、6.50、6.25、或甚至6.00的pH。预想出使用每个下限并结合每个上限的pH值的范围。该组合物具有的pH值可以为5.5±1.0、5.6±0.8、5.7±0.8、5.75±0.8、5.8±0.75和5.75±0.75。
酸性可以通过向溶剂组分添加一种或多种酸来实现(反之亦然)。可以使用强(无机)酸,如HCl、H2SO4、H3PO4、HNO3、H3BO3以及类似物或有机酸,特别是有机多元酸。有机酸的示例包括一元酸,如甲酸、乙酸和取代的变体(例如,羟基乙酸,氯乙酸,二氯乙酸,苯乙酸等)、丙酸和取代的变体(例如,乳酸、丙酮酸等)、各种苯甲酸类中任一种(如扁桃酸、氯扁桃酸、水杨酸等)、葡萄糖醛酸等;二元酸,如草酸和取代的变体(例如,草氨酸)、丁二酸和取代变体(例如,苹果酸、天门冬氨酸、酒石酸、柠苹酸等)、戊二酸和取代的变体(例如,谷氨酸、2-酮戊二酸等)、己二酸和取代的变体(例如,粘酸)、丁烯二酸(顺式和反式异构体)、亚氨基二乙酸、邻苯二甲酸等;三元酸,如柠檬酸、2-甲基丙烷-1,2,3-三羧酸、苯三酸、次氮基三乙酸等;四元酸,如连苯四酸、均苯四酸等;以及甚至更高级酸(例如,五元的、六元的、七元的,等等)。当使用三元、四元、或更高级的酸时,一个或多个羧基质子可以被阳离子原子或基团取代(例如,碱金属离子),它们可以是相同或不同的。
在某些实施方式中,优选的是可高度溶于水或可以被制成是可高度溶于水的那些有机酸;在一些情况中,优选的是包含增强水中溶解性的基团(例如,羟基基团)的酸,其例子包括酒石酸、柠檬酸和柠苹酸。在这些和/或其它实施方式中,优选的是那些生物相容的有机酸;许多上面列出的有机酸用于制备或处理食品产品、个人护理产品等。
该组合物有利地不需要包括对内生孢子有致命功效的氧化酸。许多含氧酸被认为是氧化酸,例如高氯酸、氯酸、亚氯酸、次氯酸、过硫酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、次硫酸(hyposulfurous)、焦硫酸(pyrosulfuric)、重硫酸(disulfurous)、硫代亚硫酸、高硝酸(pernitric)、硝酸、亚硝酸、连二次硝酸(hyponitrous)、过铬酸、铬酸、重铬酸、高锰酸、锰酸、过磷酸、磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸等。有机氧化酸包括但不限于过乙酸、过草酸和二过草酸。
如果该组合物中包含氧化酸,则优选具有相对高pKa值(即不被认为是特别强酸)和正的标准电位(E0 red)的那些。前者允许产生具有不太低pH值的组合物,即该pH值低于~1.5,优选地不低于~1.75,更优选地不低于~2,最优选地不低于~2.2,使得该组合物可以在没有极端保护措施的情况下,由那些负责处理并将其应用于表面的人来使用。后者允许酸具有足够的氧化能力以允许克服或避免某些内生孢子防御,诸如例如,氧化在内生孢子壳上的二硫键和蛋白聚合物,且允许破坏孢子外壳。
优选的pKa值大于~1、大于~1.5、大于~2、大于~2.5、大于~3、大于~3.5、大于~4、大于~4.5、大于~5、以及甚至大于~5.5。如果采取其他步骤确保符合所需或期望的组合物的特性,例如pH范围(上文讨论)和有效溶质浓度(下文讨论),则可使用具有较低pKa值的酸。
优选的E0 red值是至少+0.20V、至少+0.25V、至少+0.33V、至少+0.40V、至少+0.50V、至少+0.60V、至少+0.67V、至少+0.75V、至少+0.80V、至少+0.90V、至少+1.00V、至少+1.10V、至少+1.20V、或甚至至少+1.25V的值。
一些氧化酸在水溶液中不是特别稳定。因此,当想要具有氧化酸的组合物,在体外制备氧化酸可以是有利的。例如,对于组合物的溶剂组分,提供乙酸和过氧化氢,当它们接触时可逆地产生过乙酸。
考虑到化合物(一种过多种)的类型和用量(如果有的话)用于达到期望的组合物中有效溶质浓度,所使用的任何给定的酸的用量可以由给定组合物的目标pH和所选酸的pKa值(一个或多个)确定。(渗透压摩尔浓度和渗透压摩尔浓度调节化合物的类型的更多的讨论在下文示出。)
电解质氧化剂也存在于组合物的溶质组分中,当进行泽尔维季诺夫测定(Zerewitinoff determination)时,该电解质氧化剂不含任何活性氢原子。可能有用的电解质(优选地是无机氧化剂)的非限制性的示例包括含阴离子,例如锰酸根、高锰酸根、过氧铬酸根、铬酸根、重铬酸根、过氧单硫酸根等的化合物。(这些电解质中的一些可以影响pH,所以配制成具有给定pH值的组合物在加入氧化剂(一种或多种)之后可能需要调整)。优选的是具有至少+1.25V,优选地至少+1.5V,更优选地至少+1.75V,甚至更优选地至少+2.0V和最优选地至少+2.25V的E0 red值的那些化合物。
电解质氧化剂一般可以在最高达它们各自溶解度极限下添加,尽管最大量一般具有30g/L总组合物的数量级。电解质氧化剂(一种或多种)的示例性范围是~2至~25g/L、~3至~21g/L、~4至~18g/L、~5至~16g/L和~6至~14g/L。电解质氧化剂(一种或多种)的示例性的量是17.5±12g/L、15±9g/L、12.5±6g/L和10±3g/L。使用较低量的电解质氧化剂一般引起组合物的生物相容性的增加。
一旦将酸(一种或多种)和氧化剂(一种或多种)加入到含有水的溶剂组分中(反之亦然),各自至少部分地离解。
在某些实施方式中,酸(一种或多种)和氧化剂(一种或多种)可以向组合物提供相对高的有效溶质浓度。通常,功效随着有效溶质浓度(渗透压摩尔浓度)增加而增加。大量溶质的存在确保了存在足够的数量以诱导跨皮质膜的高渗透压,导致溶解。该功效是独立于溶质组分的各化合物的具体特性或性质,尽管较小的分子通常比较大的分子更有效,这是由于溶剂容量(即在给定量的溶剂组分中(典型地)包括比等摩尔的较大分子更多的小分子的能力)和易于跨皮质膜运输。
许多溶质中的任何一种都可以用来增加组合物的渗透压摩尔浓度,其增加跨细菌细胞壁膜的渗透压差。
实现增加组合物渗透压摩尔浓度的方法是通过加入大量的非氧化电解质,特别地是离子化合物(盐);参阅,例如,美国专利No.7,090,882。与氧化酸和无机氧化剂一样,非氧化电解质在被引入到含水的溶剂组分时会离解。
当在组合物中使用一种或多种有机酸时,增加渗透压摩尔浓度而不增加组合物pH值超过想要的目标的方法涉及包含一种或多种酸的盐或一种或多种其它有机酸的盐。这些化合物,在离解时,增加了组合物中溶质的有效量,而不会对水合氢离子的摩尔浓度产生很大的影响,同时,在组合物中提供缓冲体系。
例如,当该组合物包括酸时,分数高达过量许多倍(例如,3×至10×,至少5×,或甚至至少8×)的该酸(或其它酸)的一种或多种盐也要被包括在内。盐的抗衡阳离子部分的特性被认为不是特别重要的,一般的示例包括铵离子和碱金属。当使用多元酸时,羧基基团的所有或少于所有的H原子都可以用阳离子原子或基团替代,它们可以是相同或不同的。例如,无论是否与柠檬酸或其他有机酸一起使用,柠檬酸单钠、柠檬酸二钠和柠檬酸三钠都构成可能有用的缓冲剂前体。然而,由于柠檬酸三钠有三个可用的碱位,它具有的理论缓冲能力最高比柠檬酸二钠(其有两个这样的碱位)大50%,且最高比柠檬酸钠(只有一个这样的碱位)大200%。
优选的酸/缓冲剂前体组合是乙酸和乙酸的碱金属盐,例如乙酸钠。
当被加入到含有水的溶剂组分中时(反之亦然),各缓冲剂前体至少部分地离解。
该组合物的溶质组分还包括至少一种糖苷酶。优选的是那些对肽聚糖有活性的糖苷酶。特别优选的糖苷酶是溶菌酶,其有效地水解N-乙酰胞壁酸和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖第四碳原子之间糖苷键。
令人惊讶的是,一种或多种糖苷酶可以以非常小的量添加并且仍然使组合物功效显著增强。它们一般可以以最高达它们各自溶解度极限添加,尽管最大量一般具有5g/L总组合物的数量级。糖苷酶(一种或多种)的示例性的量具有至少0.05、0.1、0.15或0.2g/L,上至0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9或1g/L的数量级,其范围采用预期的每个下限和每个上限的组合。
无论如何实现,该组合物的有效溶质浓度是至少0.5、0.75或1.0Osm/L,一般地至少1.25Osm/L,经常至少1.5Osm/L,通常至少1.75Osm/L,更通常至少2.0Osm/L,典型地至少2.25Osm/L,更典型地至少2.5Osm/L。(作为比较点,在生物应用中,~0.3Osm/L的0.9%(以重量计)盐溶液典型地被认为具有中等张力,而~0.9Osm/L的3%(以重量计)盐溶液一般被认为是高张的。)在某些实施方式中,该组合物的有效溶质浓度为至少~3.0、至少~3.25、至少~3.5、至少~3.75、或甚至至少为~4.0Osm/L,其上限由溶质在溶剂组分中的溶解度极限限定;在一些实施方式中,有效溶质浓度上限可高达4.5、4.75、5.0、5.25、5.5、5.75、6.0、6.25、6.5、6.75、7.0、7.2、7.4、7.6、7.8、8.0、8.2、8.4、8.6、8.8或甚至~9Osm/L。还设想了有效溶质浓度范围,包括本段所述的任何下限和上限的组合。令人惊讶的是,根据本发明的组合物的有效溶质浓度,其目的是有效地对抗(即致命)内生孢子,不需要显著高于美国专利Nos.8,940,792和9,314,017以及美国专利公布Nos.2010/0086576、2013/0272922、2013/0079407和2016/0073628中描述的那些,所有这些都是一般地针对浮游细菌和生物膜。
与前一段中所列文献中描述的许多组合物不同,本发明组合物并不要求在溶质组分中包括表面活性剂,尽管某些优选的实施方式确实包括一种或多种润湿剂,该润湿剂包括但不限于表面活性剂。
基本上,任何在水中具有表面活性特性的材料都可以使用,无论水是否存在于组合物的溶剂组分中,尽管那些带有某种离子电荷的表面活性剂,由于这些电荷,当与细菌接触时,有望具有增强的抗微生物功效,被认为会导致更有效的细菌膜破坏,最终,导致细胞渗漏和溶解。
极性表面活性剂通常比非极性表面活性剂更有效,而离子表面活性剂是最有效果的。对于极性表面活性剂,阴离子表面活性剂一般是最有效的,其次是两性离子和阳离子表面活性剂,小分子一般比大分子更优选。附接到极性头的侧基的尺寸可以影响离子表面活性剂的功效,在极性头上较大尺寸的基团和更多的侧基可能减少表面活性剂的功效。
可能有用的阴离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,十二烷基硫酸铵、琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠、全氟丁烷磺酸、全氟壬酸、全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸、月桂基硫酸钾、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基聚氧乙醚硫酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、肉豆蔻醇聚醚硫酸钠、肉豆蔻醇聚醚硫酸钠、烷醇聚醚硫酸钠、硬脂酸钠、鹅脱氧胆酸钠、N-月桂酰肌酸钠盐、十二烷基硫酸锂、1-辛烷磺酸钠盐、水合胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、甘氨脱氧胆酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠(SLS)和在美国专利No.6,610,314所述的磷酸烷基酯。SLS是特别优选的材料。
可能有用的阳离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓(CPC)、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵、苄索氯铵、5-溴-5-硝基-1,3-二氧六环、二甲基二十八烷基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、二十八烷基二甲基溴化铵、十四烷基三甲基硼化铵、苯扎氯铵(BK)、一水合氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
可能有用的非离子表面活性剂包括,但不限于,聚氧乙二醇十二烷基醚钠、N-癸酰基-N-甲基葡萄糖胺、毛地黄皂苷(digitonin)、正十二烷基β-D-麦芽糖苷、辛基β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯(8)异辛基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、以及聚氧乙烯(20)失水山梨醇醚胆酰胺丙基)二甲基铵]-2-羟基-1-丙磺酸盐、3-[(3-胆酰胺丙基)二甲基铵]-1-丙磺酸盐、3-(癸基二甲基铵)丙磺酸内盐、以及N-十二烷基-N,N-二甲基-3-铵-1-丙磺酸盐。
可能有用的两性离子表面活性剂包括磺酸盐类(例如3-[(3-胆酰胺丙基)二甲基铵]-1-丙磺酸盐)、磺基甜菜碱类(例如椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱)、甜菜碱类(例如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱)和磷酸酯类(例如卵磷脂)。
对于其它有用的材料,感兴趣的读者可以参考任何各种其它来源,包括,例如美国专利Nos.4,107,328、6,953,772、7,959,943和8,940,792。
添加到该组合物中的润湿剂(一种或多种)的量(一个或多个)在某种程度上受目标有效溶质浓度和与该组合物的溶质组分的其他子组分的相容性的限制。在该组合物中存在的表面活性剂的总量可以从至少0.1%、从至少0.12%、从至少0.15%、从至少0.17%或从至少0.18%高达5%、通常高达4%、更通常地高达3%、典型地高达2.5%。有时,甚至可以存在于具有特定最终用途(没有具体的测试、审查和批准)的组合物中的某些类型的表面活性剂的较低的最大量是由政府监管规定的。
如果使用了多于一种的表面活性剂,多数优选为离子表面活性剂,其离子-非离子型表面活性剂的比例一般从~2:1至~10:1,通常从~5:2至~15:2,以及典型地从~3:1至~7:1。此外,正如本技术领域中所知道的,组合物不应该包括不相容的表面活性剂类型,例如,阴离子与阳离子,或两性离子与阴离子或阳离子。
抗微生物组合物可以包括多种添加剂和佐剂以使其更适于在特定的最终用途应用中使用,并以实质性的方式对其功效产生负面影响。示例包括,但不限于,润肤剂、杀真菌剂、芳香剂、颜料、染料、消泡剂、起泡剂、香料、磨料、漂白剂、防腐剂(如抗氧化剂)等。美国食品和药物管理局批准的添加剂的综合性的清单,作为http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/InformationOnDrugs/ucm113978.htm(链接在本申请的提交日期有效)中的压缩文本文件,可以得到。
该组合物不需要包括活性抗微生物剂(如上所定义)来使其有效,但此类材料可以可选地包括在内。可能有用的活性抗微生物添加剂的非限制性实例包括:C2-C8醇(不是用作溶剂组分的有机液体的任何一种或除了用作溶剂组分的有机液体任意一种以外的),例如乙醇、正丙醇等;醛,如戊二醛、甲醛和邻苯二甲醛;产生甲醛的化合物,例如,羟甲基甲硫脲、牛磺酸、六亚甲基四胺、脲甲醛、咪唑啉酮衍生物等;苯胺类,特别地三氯卡班;双胍类,例如氯己定和阿来西定,以及聚合物形式,例如聚六亚甲基双胍;二羧酰亚胺(如取代或未取代丙烷脒)以及它们的羟乙基磺酸盐;含有或释放卤素原子的化合物,例如漂白剂、ClO2、二氯异氰尿酸盐、氯胺T、碘(和碘伏)等;银和银化合物,例如乙酸银、磺胺嘧啶银、以及硝酸银;苯酚、双酚类和卤代酚类(包括六氯酚和苯氧酚类,如三氯生);和季铵化合物。
以下表格提供了根据本发明的示例性组合物的成分列表,该列表不含无机氧化酸,量以克计,且添加蒸馏水使成分体积达到1L。
表4:示例性组合物配方
该组合物的各种实施方式已经通过实例且非限制的方式提供。如上表中可明显看出的,关于特征、范围、数值限度和实施方式一般优选项,在可行的程度上且只要不是干扰的或不兼容的,设想为能够与其他这样的一般优选的特征、范围、数值限度和实施方式结合。
根据本发明的组合物的目的在于是,并且在实践中是,积极地抗微生物的。其预期用途是与无生命的物体有关,例如,特别是硬表面,特别是在医疗保健机构中常见的硬表面。
该组合物可以经由分配装置(例如,拖把、抹布、刷子、织物擦拭物等)等以各种方式(包括浇注、喷雾或雾化)施加到无生命的物体,特别是硬表面。
可替换地,某些物体是适合于浸没在组合物中。这尤其适于被设计成用于多种患者的医疗设备,诸如例如,透析设备,任何各种内窥镜、十二指肠内窥镜等、内窥镜配件,如抓手、剪刀等,手动仪器,如夹子和钳,腹腔镜手术配件、整形和脊柱手术硬件,如夹子和夹具等。因为本发明的组合物具有比诸如过乙酸和漂白剂处理更温和的[H+],它可以实现消毒,高水平消毒或甚至灭菌,而没有负面影响诸如,例如,聚合物降解、金属腐蚀、玻璃或塑料蚀刻等。
一旦被施加到表面或物体,该组合物的各种成分作用于存在的任何内生孢子并消除或破坏它们的各种防御。组合物处理内生孢子所需的接触时间(即,确保它们不能返回到营养状态)可以根据特定的组合物和其预期的最终用途在宽范围内变化。
旨在用作医疗器械的浸渍浴的组合物在不大于14,400秒、不大于10800秒、不大于7200秒、不大于5400秒、不大于3600秒、不大于3000秒、不大于2700秒、不大于2400秒、不大于2100个秒、不高于1800秒、不大于1500秒、不大于1440秒、不大于1380秒、不大于1320秒、不大于1260秒、或甚至不大于1200秒的接触时间之后可以达到至少5.0、5.1、5.2、5.3、5.4、5.5、5.6、5.7、5.8、5.9或6.0个对数的减少。当按照AOAC官方方法966.04的变体,方法II(用艰难梭菌(C.diff)孢子代替枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis),使用不锈钢滚筒,而不是瓷滚筒,在厌氧条件下进行所有培养,并使用脑心浸液琼脂)检测,某些实施方式可以取得在不大于900、600或甚至300秒的接触时间之后的合格分数。
旨在施加于硬表面的组合物,特别是在医疗保健设施内的表面,在不大于1200秒、不大于1050秒、不大于900秒、不大于840秒、不大于780秒、不大于720秒、不大于660秒、或甚至不大于600秒的接触时间之后预计能够达到至少3.0、3.2、3.4、3.6、3.8、4.0、4.2、4.4、4.6、4.8或5.0个对数的减少。当按照ASTM E2197-11进行测试时,组合物的实施方式预计能实现在600秒的接触时间之后的至少3个对数的减少。
在该组合物已被允许与给定物体或表面接触合适的时间之后(考虑到一些因素,例如预期的细菌负荷、细菌可能存在的类型、物体/表面的重要性,可能已进行的任何预清洗,土壤负荷的存在和量等),它可以被蒸发或,优选地,用水或稀盐溶液冲洗掉。
以下非限制性的、说明性实施例提供了在本发明的实践中有用的详细条件和材料。贯穿这些实施例,任何提到的室温是指~22℃。
实施例
实施例1-2对照和比较
通过向200mL蒸馏水加入一片磷酸盐缓冲盐水片剂(Sigma-Aldrich Corp.;St.Louis,Missouri)来制备0.01M磷酸盐缓冲的盐水溶液。该溶液被盖上并在室温储存。
VIRASEPTTM消毒剂(Ecolab USA;St.Paul,Minnesota)以其如购买的形式保持在室温下且无需修改就可使用。
实施例3-6
通过向100mL玻璃容器加入每一个以下成分(数量以克计)来制备四个组合物:
该组合物还包括电解质氧化剂(KHSO5)、糖苷酶(溶菌酶)和氢氧化钠,其变化的用量(以克计)如下表所示。滴加氢氧化钠溶液(在水中50%w/v)以向上调整组合物的pH值至下表所示的数值。
表5
实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | |
KHSO5 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
溶菌酶 | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
NaOH | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | 8.33 |
pH | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
在上述pH值调整后,加入足够的蒸馏水,使每一个组合物至100毫升。
使用ASTM E2197-11的过程,允许比较的和发明的组合物与艰难梭菌(C.difficile)的内生孢子(ATCC 43598)接触~10分钟,在下面表6中,报告了它们的功效,以在标示的接触时间之后的活内生孢子的数目的对数减少来表示。
根据AOAC官方方法966.04的变体,方法II,也对钢瓶进行了测试,简要说明如下:
向含有10mL美国环保局的“Standard Operating Procedure for Production ofSpores of Clostridium difficile for Use in the Efficacy Evaluation ofAntimicrobial Agents”(SOP#MB-28-00)所描述类型的艰难梭菌(C.diff)悬浊液的20mL烧杯中加入足够数量的钢瓶以向每个测试提供10个钢瓶使其运行。在取出之前,允许瓶静置在该悬浊液中10-15分钟,然后置于培养皿中并且真空干燥24小时。
每种组合物都以一式两份提供(即每种组合物两个容器),将最多5个接种的瓶放在含有10毫升被测试组合物的容器中。在30和60分钟都测试组合物,每个持续时间都涉及一式两份的被测试组合物。
在暴露于被测试组合物预定时间之后,每一个瓶被按顺序转移到含有10mL室温预还原的Dey/Engley中和肉汤的初级传代培养管,然后在所有被测试的瓶被转移到初级管的一小时之内,再转移到含有10mL强化的梭菌培养基的二级传代培养管中(BectonDickinson and Co;Franklin Lakes,New Jersey–1L蒸馏水中含有38g,在121℃高压蒸汽处理~15分钟,然后在厌氧室内预还原~24小时)。在36℃±1℃培养每种类型传代培养管21天。
用双环线圈的黑色编织的聚酯外科缝合线(USP尺寸、公制尺寸6.0)代替钢瓶,进行同样的过程。在上述AOAC测试中描述了制备这种线圈的推荐方法。
结果以正生长或负生长来记录,其以x/y的形式呈现在下表中,其中x是正生长的瓶的数目,而y是被测试瓶的总数。
表6:测试结果
(a)由于实施例3的初步评价的结果而未测试
每种示例性组合物具有至少一些抗艰难梭菌(C.difficile)内生孢子的功效,在实施例3(pH≈6,最低量的电解质氧化剂和糖苷酶)和实施例6(pH≈5,稍高量的电解质氧化剂和糖苷酶)中取得最好的结果。实施例4的组合物预期提供至少如实施例3的结果一样好的结果。
这些组合物的功效结果可媲美比较组合物(实施例2)的结果,该比较组合物是一种商业消毒剂,根据其材料安全数据表,它含有H2O2、过氧乙酸和辛酸并且具有二至三个数量级更大的[H+],即,pH值为3.0±0.5。
因此,尽管酸性明显低于比较例,但实施例3-6的组合物具有与商业消毒剂大致相当的功效。
Claims (17)
1.一种处理易存在一种或多种类型内生孢子的表面的方法,所述方法包括使所述表面与pH值不小于4.5的酸性杀孢子组合物接触,所述组合物包括(1)包括水的溶剂组分和(2)溶质组分,所述溶质组分包括酸的离解产物、缓冲剂前体、一种或多种电解质氧化剂和至少一种糖苷酶,所述组合物可选地不含氧化酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶剂组分进一步包括δp值小于16.0MPa1/2的有机液体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述有机液体是二醇醚。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括阴离子表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括非离子表面活性剂。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括一种或多种非氧化电解质的离解产物。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括一种或多种非氧化电解质的离解产物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述缓冲剂前体包括所述酸的共轭碱。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括阴离子表面活性剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中所述组合物的所述溶质组分进一步包括非离子表面活性剂。
11.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述组合物具有至少0.5Osm/L的有效溶质浓度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述组合物具有从4.75至6.5的pH值。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述酸是羧酸并且所述缓冲剂前体包括所述羧酸的共轭碱。
14.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触包括将医疗器械在所述组合物中浸泡不超过14,400秒的接触时间。
15.用于处理易携带内生孢子的表面的组合物,包括:
a)包括水和一种或多种有机液体的溶剂组分,所述溶剂组分表现出13.1至15.7MPa1/2的δp值,以及
b)溶质组分,所述溶质组分包括
(1)缓冲剂,所述缓冲剂包括至少一种羧酸和所述羧酸的共轭碱的离解产物,
(2)4至18g/L的一种或多种电解质氧化剂的离解产物,
(3)0.05至1g/L的糖苷酶,
(4)5至30g/L的离子表面活性剂,以及
(5)可选地,非离子表面活性剂,
所述组合物具有约4.75至约6.5的pH值和至少0.5Osm/L的有效溶质浓度,并且所述组合物可选地不含氧化酸。
16.根据权利要求15所述的组合物,其中所述离子表面活性剂是阴离子表面活性剂。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的组合物,其中所述一种或多种有机液体包括至少一种二醇醚。
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- 2016-08-05 EP EP16835721.8A patent/EP3331977A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-08-05 JP JP2018506173A patent/JP2018524999A/ja active Pending
- 2016-08-05 WO PCT/US2016/045905 patent/WO2017027418A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-08-05 BR BR112018002548A patent/BR112018002548A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-08-05 CA CA2994696A patent/CA2994696A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-08-05 US US15/751,076 patent/US11118143B2/en active Active
- 2016-08-05 AU AU2016304773A patent/AU2016304773A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US11118143B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
US20180230408A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
EP3331977A1 (en) | 2018-06-13 |
HK1253404A1 (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
JP2018524999A (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
BR112018002548A2 (pt) | 2018-09-18 |
CA2994696A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
AU2016304773A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
WO2017027418A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3331977A4 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
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