CN107861091B - A Dynamic Performance Traceability Method Based on Dynamic Energy Calibrator - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源方法，属电能计量技术领域。The invention relates to a dynamic performance traceability method based on a dynamic electric energy calibrator, which belongs to the technical field of electric energy measurement.
背景技术Background technique
现行电能量值溯源体系下，电能表的检定校验，全都采用稳态信号作为测试信号，检定规程虽规定了多个电流和功率因素测试点，但各测试点的误差指标都是在电压电流信号达到设定值并稳定后才进行测量的，检定结果仅反应电能表的稳态性能指标。为保证电能表在一些非线性负荷的动态信号环境下准确计量，需要研制采用电能表动态性能测量装置，以考核电能表的动态性能指标,为保证测量装置的使用准确、合规，就需要实现测量装置本身的溯源。Under the current energy value traceability system, the verification and verification of electric energy meters all use steady-state signals as test signals. The measurement is performed after the signal reaches the set value and is stable, and the verification result only reflects the steady-state performance index of the electric energy meter. In order to ensure the accurate measurement of the electric energy meter in the dynamic signal environment of some nonlinear loads, it is necessary to develop and adopt the dynamic performance measurement device of the electric energy meter to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter. In order to ensure the accurate and compliant use of the measuring device, it is necessary to realize Traceability of the measuring device itself.
目前，国内外在动态性能溯源方法主要有以下两种：一是，有学者提出了一种测量电能表动态误差的方法，以正弦包络工频信号和梯形包络工频信号作为动态条件，通过源表结合、多参数、多仪器测量相互核对的办法，考察现有标准功率(电能)表在动态条件的特性，初步得到了3.0％的不确定度估计；二是，有学者通过研制的基于幅移键控(即ASK调制)信号调制机理的电能表动态误差测试装置的测试结果，考虑测量重复性引入的标准不确定度、电能表校验装置误差引入的标准不确定度、电能表校验装置的上级传递误差引入的标准不确定度、电能表动态误差测试装置的误差引入的标准不确定度以及电能表动态误差理论计算方法所产生误差引入的标准不确定度，综合得出了0.4778％的标准不确定度。At present, there are mainly two methods of tracing the source of dynamic performance at home and abroad: First, some scholars have proposed a method for measuring the dynamic error of the electric energy meter, using the sinusoidal envelope power frequency signal and the trapezoidal envelope power frequency signal as the dynamic conditions, Through the combination of source and meter, multi-parameter, and multi-instrument measurement, the characteristics of the existing standard power (electric energy) meter under dynamic conditions were investigated, and an uncertainty estimate of 3.0% was initially obtained; secondly, some scholars developed the Based on the test results of the dynamic error test device of the electric energy meter based on the amplitude shift keying (that is, ASK modulation) signal modulation mechanism, the standard uncertainty introduced by the measurement repeatability, the standard uncertainty introduced by the error of the electric energy meter calibration device, and the standard uncertainty introduced by the electric energy meter are considered. The standard uncertainty introduced by the superior transmission error of the calibration device, the standard uncertainty introduced by the error of the dynamic error test device of the electric energy meter, and the standard uncertainty introduced by the error introduced by the theoretical calculation method of the dynamic error of the electric energy meter are obtained comprehensively Standard uncertainty of 0.4778%.
因此，现有的动态性能溯源精度还有进一步提升空间，本发明提供了一种动态性能溯源方法，通过采用动态电能校准器，可以实现对0.1级电能表动态性能测量装置的溯源。Therefore, there is still room for further improvement of the existing dynamic performance traceability accuracy. The present invention provides a dynamic performance traceability method. By using a dynamic energy calibrator, the traceability of the dynamic performance measurement device of a 0.1 electric energy meter can be realized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是：为了解决动态负荷条件下电能计量的溯源问题，以适用于测试评估电能表在各类动态负荷下的计量性能并开发相应的测试装置，本发明提出一种基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源方法。The purpose of the present invention is: in order to solve the traceability problem of electric energy metering under dynamic load conditions, to be suitable for testing and evaluating the metering performance of electric energy meters under various dynamic loads and to develop corresponding test devices, the present invention proposes a method based on dynamic electric energy calibration The dynamic performance traceability method of the device.
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源方法，所述动态电能校准器在动态测试信号条件下，通过电能比对，校准电能表动态性能测量装置的准确度指标，利用其在动态测试信号条件下电能计量的准确性高的特点，与电能表动态性能测量装置进行电能比对，实现对电能表动态性测量装置的校准，使其在动态测试信号下进行溯源，所述方法包括：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a dynamic performance traceability method based on a dynamic electric energy calibrator. The dynamic electric energy calibrator calibrates the accuracy of the dynamic performance measuring device of the electric energy meter through electric energy comparison under the condition of a dynamic test signal Index, using its high accuracy of electric energy measurement under the condition of dynamic test signal, compares the electric energy with the dynamic performance measurement device of the electric energy meter, and realizes the calibration of the dynamic measurement device of the electric energy meter, so that it can be carried out under the dynamic test signal Traceability, the methods include:
(1)选择一款在稳态测试信号下准确度等级为0.01级的标准装置；(1) Select a standard device with an accuracy level of 0.01 under the steady-state test signal;
(2)选择一款0.05级高动态性能的标准表作为0.05级动态电能校准器；(2) Select a 0.05 level high dynamic performance standard meter as a 0.05 level dynamic energy calibrator;
(3)在稳态测试信号条件下，用所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准，确认0.05级动态电能校准器满足稳态指标要求；(3) Under the steady-state test signal condition, carry out routine calibration to described 0.05 grade dynamic power calibrator with described 0.01 grade standard device, confirm that 0.05 grade dynamic power calibrator meets steady-state index requirement;
(4)选取一款需被校准的0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置；(4) Select a dynamic performance measurement device for electric energy meters of level 0.1 and below that needs to be calibrated;
(5)在动态测试信号条件下，通过电能比对，用0.05级动态电能校准器来校准所述0.1级及以下等级的电能表动态性能测量装置的动态性能的准确度指标；(5) Under the dynamic test signal condition, by electric energy comparison, calibrate the accuracy index of the dynamic performance of the electric energy meter dynamic performance measuring device of described 0.1 grade and below grade with 0.05 grade dynamic electric energy calibrator;
(6)在动态测试信号条件下，经校准后所述0.1级及以下等级的电能表动态性能测量装置，可用于考核被测电能表的动态性能指标。(6) Under the condition of dynamic test signal, after calibration, the dynamic performance measuring device of the electric energy meter of level 0.1 and below can be used to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter under test.
其中，在步骤(2)中，选择所述0.05级动态电能校准器的要求是：选择一款高动态性能的标准表，在稳态测试信号下，可在0.01级的标准装置上常规校准；在动态测试信号条件下，所述0.05级动态电能校准器需克服了量程切换、采样同步误差、相位补偿等因素对电能表动态性能的影响，且采用按瞬时功率计算产生电能脉冲，可及时反应测试信号变化的，其动态电能计量的准确性高。Wherein, in step (2), the requirement for selecting the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator is: select a standard meter with high dynamic performance, which can be routinely calibrated on a 0.01-level standard device under a steady-state test signal; Under the condition of dynamic test signal, the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator needs to overcome the influence of range switching, sampling synchronization error, phase compensation and other factors on the dynamic performance of the electric energy meter, and adopts the calculation of instantaneous power to generate electric energy pulses, which can respond in time If the test signal changes, the accuracy of dynamic energy measurement is high.
其中，在步骤(3)中，在稳态测试信号条件下，用所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准，两者校验的时间要求是：所述0.01级的标准装置是基于平均功率计算产生电能脉冲，所述0.05级动态校准器是基于瞬时功率计算产生电能脉冲，为了克服这两种电能脉冲输出方式不同对测量结果造成的影响可达到基本忽略的程度，要求在额定电压电流下，获得每个误差结果的校准时间不得少于其中为功率因素，Emax为两者输出脉冲方式不同引起附加误差所接受的最大值。Wherein, in step (3), under the steady-state test signal condition, the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator is routinely calibrated with the 0.01-level standard device, and the time requirements for both verification are: the 0.01-level The 0.05-level standard device generates electric energy pulses based on average power calculations, and the 0.05-level dynamic calibrator generates electric energy pulses based on instantaneous power calculations. In order to overcome the impact of these two energy pulse output methods on the measurement results, it can be basically ignored. It is required that under the rated voltage and current, the calibration time to obtain each error result shall not be less than in For the power factor, E max is the maximum value accepted by the additional error caused by the different output pulse modes of the two.
一种基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源系统，包括0.01级标准装置、0.05级动态电能校准器、0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测试装置、被测电能表、稳态测试信号源和动态测试信号源；所述稳态测试信号源发出稳态测试信号分别给0.01级标准装置和0.05级动态电能校准器，在稳态测试信号条件下，所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准；所述动态测试信号源发出动态测试信号分别给0.05级动态电能校准器、0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测试装置，在动态测试信号条件下，所述0.05级动态电能校准器校准所述0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置的动态性能准确度指标；同样的，经校准的所述0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置，在动态测试信号条件下，可用于考核被测电能表的动态性能指标。A dynamic performance traceability system based on a dynamic energy calibrator, including a 0.01-level standard device, a 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator, a dynamic performance test device for a 0.01-level and below-level electric energy meter, a measured electric energy meter, a steady-state test signal source and a dynamic Test signal source; the steady-state test signal source sends a steady-state test signal to a 0.01-level standard device and a 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator respectively, and under the steady-state test signal condition, the 0.01-level standard device is to the described 0.05-level The dynamic energy calibrator performs routine calibration; the dynamic test signal source sends a dynamic test signal to the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator and the 0.1-level and below-level electric energy meter dynamic performance testing device respectively. Under the dynamic test signal condition, the 0.05-level The dynamic energy calibrator calibrates the dynamic performance accuracy index of the dynamic performance measuring device of the 0.01 level and below electric energy meter; similarly, the calibrated dynamic performance measuring device of the 0.01 level and below electric energy meter, under the dynamic test signal condition It can be used to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter under test.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种基于动态校准器的动态性能溯源方法，可以解决动态负荷条件下电能计量的溯源问题，保证测量装置的使用准确、合规，实现测量装置本身的溯源，然后用于有效测试评估电能表在各类动态负荷下的计量性能。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: a dynamic performance traceability method based on a dynamic calibrator provided by the present invention can solve the traceability problem of electric energy measurement under dynamic load conditions, and ensure accurate and reasonable use of measuring devices. Regulations to realize the traceability of the measuring device itself, and then use it to effectively test and evaluate the metering performance of the electric energy meter under various dynamic loads.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源流程图；Figure 1 is a flow chart of dynamic performance traceability based on dynamic energy calibrator;
图2是基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源系统示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic performance traceability system based on a dynamic energy calibrator.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的具体实施方式如附图所示。The specific embodiment of the present invention is as shown in the accompanying drawings.
对电能表测量装置溯源，采用比装置更高精度的装置检定仪或标准表，直接测量装置的准确度指标。本实施例沿用该溯源思路，研制一款高动态性能的标准表，克服了量程切换、采样同步误差、相位补偿等因素对电能表动态性能的影响，在动态信号环境下，其电能计量的准确性高，提出一种高动态性能的标准表作为动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源方法。To trace the source of the electric energy meter measuring device, use a device calibrator or standard meter with higher precision than the device to directly measure the accuracy index of the device. This embodiment follows the traceability idea to develop a standard meter with high dynamic performance, which overcomes the influence of factors such as range switching, sampling synchronization error, and phase compensation on the dynamic performance of the electric energy meter. In a dynamic signal environment, its electric energy measurement is accurate. High performance, a standard meter with high dynamic performance is proposed as the dynamic performance traceability method of the dynamic energy calibrator.
在检定校验中，采用稳态信号作为测试信号，各测试点的误差指标都是在电压电流信号达到设定值并稳定后才进行测量的，检定结果仅反应稳态性能指标，称之为常规校准；在检定校验采用动态信号作为测试信号，各测试点的误差指标都是在电压电流信号在幅值、频率、相位等参数快速变化的动态下进行测量的，检定结果可反应动态性能指标，称之为动态校准。In the verification and verification, the steady-state signal is used as the test signal, and the error index of each test point is measured after the voltage and current signal reaches the set value and is stable. The verification result only reflects the steady-state performance index, which is called Conventional calibration; dynamic signals are used as test signals in verification and verification. The error indicators of each test point are measured under the dynamic conditions of voltage and current signals changing rapidly in amplitude, frequency, phase and other parameters. The verification results can reflect the dynamic performance Indicators, called dynamic calibration.
图1是本实施例的动态性能溯源方法流程图，具体步骤如下：Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the dynamic performance traceability method of the present embodiment, and the specific steps are as follows:
步骤1，选择一款在稳态测试信号下准确度等级为0.01级的标准装置；Step 1, select a standard device with an accuracy level of 0.01 under the steady-state test signal;
步骤2，选择一款0.05级高动态性能的标准表作为0.05级动态电能校准器；Step 2, select a 0.05 level high dynamic performance standard meter as a 0.05 level dynamic energy calibrator;
步骤3，在稳态测试信号条件下，用所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准，确认0.05级动态电能校准器满足稳态指标要求；Step 3, under the steady-state test signal condition, use the 0.01-level standard device to perform routine calibration on the 0.05-level dynamic power calibrator, and confirm that the 0.05-level dynamic power calibrator meets the steady-state index requirements;
步骤4，选取一款需被校准的0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置；Step 4, select a dynamic performance measurement device for electric energy meters of class 0.1 and below to be calibrated;
步骤5，在动态测试信号条件下，通过电能比对，用0.05级动态电能校准器来校准所述0.1级及以下等级的电能表动态性能测量装置的动态性能的准确度指标；Step 5, under the condition of the dynamic test signal, through electric energy comparison, use a dynamic electric energy calibrator of class 0.05 to calibrate the accuracy index of the dynamic performance of the dynamic performance measuring device of the electric energy meter of class 0.1 and below;
步骤6，在动态测试信号条件下，经校准后所述0.1级及以下等级的电能表动态性能测量装置，可用于考核被测电能表的动态性能指标。Step 6, under the condition of the dynamic test signal, the calibrated dynamic performance measuring device of the electric energy meter of level 0.1 or below can be used to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter under test.
在本实施例的步骤2中，选择所述0.05级动态电能校准器的要求是：选择一款高动态性能的标准表，在稳态测试信号下，可在0.01级的标准装置上常规校准；在动态测试信号条件下，所述0.05级动态电能校准器需克服了量程切换、采样同步误差、相位补偿等因素对电能表动态性能的影响，且采用按瞬时功率计算产生电能脉冲，可及时反应测试信号变化的，其动态电能计量的准确性高。In step 2 of this embodiment, the requirement for selecting the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator is: select a standard meter with high dynamic performance, which can be routinely calibrated on a 0.01-level standard device under a steady-state test signal; Under the condition of dynamic test signal, the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator needs to overcome the influence of range switching, sampling synchronization error, phase compensation and other factors on the dynamic performance of the electric energy meter, and adopts the calculation of instantaneous power to generate electric energy pulses, which can respond in time If the test signal changes, the accuracy of dynamic energy measurement is high.
在本实施例的步骤3中，在稳态测试信号条件下，用所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准，两者校验的时间要求是：所述0.01级的标准装置是基于平均功率计算产生电能脉冲，所述0.05级动态校准器是基于瞬时功率计算产生电能脉冲，为了克服这两种电能脉冲输出方式不同对测量结果造成的影响可达到基本忽略的程度，要求在额定电压电流下，获得每个误差结果的校准时间不得少于其中为功率因素，Emax为两者输出脉冲方式不同引起附加误差所接受的最大值。当t＝20秒，功率因素取1时，Emax＝0.0159％，已接近最大允许误差0.05％的1/3；功率因素仍取1，要使得Emax＝0.005％，则可算得t＝63.6秒。In step 3 of this embodiment, under the steady-state test signal condition, the 0.05-level dynamic power calibrator is routinely calibrated with the 0.01-level standard device, and the time requirements for both verification are: the 0.01-level The 0.05-level standard device generates electric energy pulses based on average power calculations, and the 0.05-level dynamic calibrator generates electric energy pulses based on instantaneous power calculations. In order to overcome the impact of these two energy pulse output methods on the measurement results, it can be basically ignored. It is required that under the rated voltage and current, the calibration time to obtain each error result shall not be less than in For the power factor, E max is the maximum value accepted by the additional error caused by the different output pulse modes of the two. When t=20 seconds, when the power factor is 1, E max =0.0159%, which is close to 1/3 of the maximum allowable error of 0.05%. If the power factor is still 1, to make E max =0.005%, it can be calculated as t=63.6 second.
图2是本发明的动态性能溯源系统示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dynamic performance traceability system of the present invention.
本发明实施例一种基于动态电能校准器的动态性能溯源系统，包括0.01级标准装置、0.05级动态电能校准器、0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测试装置、被测电能表、稳态测试信号源和动态测试信号源；所述稳态测试信号源发出稳态测试信号分别给0.01级标准装置和0.05级动态电能校准器，在稳态测试信号条件下，所述0.01级的标准装置对所述0.05级动态电能校准器进行常规校准；所述动态测试信号源发出动态测试信号分别给0.05级动态电能校准器、0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测试装置，在动态测试信号条件下，所述0.05级动态电能校准器校准所述0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置的动态性能准确度指标；同样的，经校准的所述0.01级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置，在动态测试信号条件下，可用于考核被测电能表的动态性能指标。An embodiment of the present invention is a dynamic performance traceability system based on a dynamic energy calibrator, including a 0.01-level standard device, a 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator, a dynamic performance test device for a 0.01-level and below-level electric energy meter, a measured electric energy meter, and a steady-state test Signal source and dynamic test signal source; Described steady-state test signal source sends steady-state test signal to 0.01 grade standard device and 0.05 grade dynamic energy calibrator respectively, under steady-state test signal condition, described 0.01 grade standard device is to The 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator performs routine calibration; the dynamic test signal source sends a dynamic test signal to the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator and the 0.1-level and below-level electric energy meter dynamic performance testing device respectively. Under the dynamic test signal condition, The 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator calibrates the dynamic performance accuracy index of the 0.01-level and below-level electric energy meter dynamic performance measuring device; similarly, the calibrated 0.01-level and below-level electric energy meter dynamic performance measuring device, in Under the condition of dynamic test signal, it can be used to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter under test.
如图2所示，稳态测试信号源输出的电压、电流信号达到设定值且稳定，分别输出给0.01级的标准装置和0.05级动态电能校准器，进行常规校准，获得每个误差结果的校准时间不得少于20秒，确保0.05级动态电能校准器满足稳态指标要求；其次，通过动态测试信号源输出动态变化的电压电流信号，分别输出给0.05级动态电能校准器和0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置，进行动态校准，校准0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置是否满足动态指标要求；最终，通过动态测试信号源输出动态变化的电压电流信号，分别输出给0.1级及以下等级电能表动态性能测量装置和被测电能表，用于考核被测电能表的动态性能指标。As shown in Figure 2, the voltage and current signals output by the steady-state test signal source reach the set value and are stable, and are respectively output to the 0.01-level standard device and the 0.05-level dynamic energy calibrator for routine calibration to obtain the results of each error. The calibration time shall not be less than 20 seconds to ensure that the dynamic power calibrator of level 0.05 meets the requirements of the steady-state index; secondly, the dynamically changing voltage and current signals are output through the dynamic test signal source, and are respectively output to the dynamic power calibrator of level 0.05 and the level 0.1 and below The dynamic performance measurement device of the grade electric energy meter is dynamically calibrated to calibrate whether the dynamic performance measurement device of the electric energy meter of grade 0.1 and below meets the requirements of the dynamic index; finally, the dynamically changing voltage and current signals are output to the grade 0.1 through the dynamic test signal source The dynamic performance measuring device of the electric energy meter and the electric energy meter under test and the electric energy meter under test are used to assess the dynamic performance index of the electric energy meter under test.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解；其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand; it can still be described in the foregoing embodiments Modifications are made to the technical solutions, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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