CN107711896A - 复合型植物杀虫剂制剂 - Google Patents
复合型植物杀虫剂制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
本发明提供一种复合型植物杀虫剂制剂，其特征在于：以夹竹桃提取液100‑300份、辣椒素50‑100份、阿维菌素5‑20份、三唑磷5‑20份、尼古丁50‑100份、乙酸龙脑脂5‑20份、α‑水芹烯10‑20份和异松油烯5‑20份制备混合原液，配入表面活性剂、助溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、有机溶剂、pH值调节剂制成复合制剂，本发明对哺乳动物毒性较低，使用中对人畜比较安全，对环境的压力较小，对非靶标生物比较安全，并且对多种虫害以及不同时期的虫害均有较好的有毒杀作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杀虫剂领域，具体涉及一种复合型植物杀虫剂制剂。
背景技术
化学农药的生产和使用毒性大,残留量高,杀伤天敌,长期使用易引起害虫的抗药性,以及污染环境和给人类健康带来威胁,全球对资源和环境问题广泛关注,实现可持续发展战略得到世界各国的认同和响应。比较化学农药，植物源杀虫剂有效成分来源于植物体，在农作物害虫防治中具有对环境友好、毒性普遍较低、不易使害虫产生抗药性等优点，是生产无公害农产品应优先选用的农药品种。
但是，单一植物提取物制备的植物农药适用的害虫种类有限，或者不能同时对不同时期的虫害都具备较佳的毒杀作用，单纯将各类植物提取液混合通常会因为拮抗作用反而影响了杀虫剂效果，并且植物性农药存在易分解、难存储和乳化的问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明提供了一种复合型植物杀虫剂制剂。本发明提供的复合型植物杀虫剂对多种害虫和不同生长时期的害虫均具有极好的杀除功效，农药功效持续时间长，对环境无污染，并且制剂稳定不易分解，易储存和乳化。
本发明所采用的技术方案为：
本发明提供一种复合型植物杀虫剂，以重量计，该复合型植物杀虫剂制剂，以夹竹桃提取液100-300份、辣椒素50-100份、阿维菌素5-20份、三唑磷5-20份、尼古丁50-100份、乙酸龙脑脂5-20份、α-水芹烯10-20份和异松油烯5-20份制备混合原液，配入表面活性剂、助溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、有机溶剂、pH值调节剂制成复合制剂。
作为一种优选的，复合制剂中各组分含量配比是：混合原液100-300份；表面活性剂50-100份；助溶剂5-20份；防腐剂1-5份；稳定剂5-10份；增效剂10-15份；有机溶剂50-100份；pH值调节剂1-5份。
优选的，所述的表面活性剂包括吐温、月桂基硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸盐中的任一种或多种。
优选的，所述的助溶剂包括苯酚、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇中的任一种或多种。
优选的，所述的防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、碱土金属、次氯酸钠中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述的稳定剂为环氧化亚麻油，所述的增效剂为氯化脂肪。
优选的，所述的有机溶剂包括二甲苯、甲苯、萘烷、丁酮中的任一种或多种。
优选的，所述的pH调节剂包括甲酸、草酸、柠檬酸和氢氧化钠。
优选的，所述的夹竹桃提取液由夹竹桃叶粉碎后包裹在滤纸中通过连续提取法制备，每克叶片配以95%浓度乙醇溶液10ml，提取液无色。
优选的，所述的夹竹桃提取液通过将夹竹桃叶片和花瓣焚灰后加入95%乙醇，过滤后通过蒸馏提取。
本发明的有益效果：有效杀除害虫的种类多，并且可长时间保持不再发生虫害，农药功效持续时间长；对不同发育阶段的害虫均具有非常好的杀除作用，对虫卵的孵化具有很好的扼杀功效；对环境无污染；同时制剂稳定不易分解、易存储和乳化，适于生产使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明对虫卵孵化率影响实验结果统计图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，均属于本发明所保护的范围。
本发明提供一种复合型植物杀虫剂，以重量计，该复合型植物杀虫剂制剂，以夹竹桃提取液100-300份、辣椒素50-100份、阿维菌素5-20份、三唑磷5-20份、尼古丁50-100份、乙酸龙脑脂5-20份、α-水芹烯10-20份和异松油烯5-20份制备混合原液，配入表面活性剂、助溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、有机溶剂、pH值调节剂制成复合制剂。
复合制剂中各组分含量配比是：混合原液100-300份；表面活性剂50-100份；助溶剂5-20份；防腐剂1-5份；稳定剂5-10份；增效剂10-15份；有机溶剂50-100份；pH值调节剂1-5份。
表面活性剂包括吐温、月桂基硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸盐中的任一种或多种。助溶剂包括苯酚、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇中的任一种或多种。防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、碱土金属、次氯酸钠中的一种或多种。稳定剂为环氧化亚麻油，所述的增效剂为氯化脂肪。有机溶剂包括二甲苯、甲苯、萘烷、丁酮中的任一种或多种。pH调节剂包括甲酸、草酸、柠檬酸和氢氧化钠。夹竹桃提取液由夹竹桃叶粉碎后包裹在滤纸中通过连续提取法制备，每克叶片配以95%浓度乙醇溶液10ml，提取液无色。夹竹桃提取液通过将夹竹桃叶片和花瓣焚灰后加入95%乙醇，过滤后通过蒸馏提取。
为了更好的理解发明实质，下面用实例来详细说明发明的技术内容，但本发明的内容并不局限于此。
实施例一：夹竹桃提取液300份、辣椒素50份、阿维菌素5-20份、三唑磷5-20份、尼古丁50份、乙酸龙脑脂20份、α-水芹烯10份和异松油烯5份制备混合原液。
（1）取混合原液100份。
（2）加入50份吐温作为表面活性剂。
（3）加入10份乙酸乙酯作为助溶剂。
（4）加入5份甲酸钠作为防腐剂。
（5）加入10份环氧化亚麻油作为稳定剂。
（6）加入10份氯化脂肪作为增效剂。
（7）加入50份萘烷作为有机溶剂。
（8）加入1份柠檬酸作为pH值调节剂。
（9）在调制釜中将全部混合物调匀，用水稀释700倍处理浓度。
实施例二：竹桃提取液100份、辣椒素100份、阿维菌素5份、三唑磷5份、尼古丁100份、乙酸龙脑脂5份、α-水芹烯10份和异松油烯5份制备混合原液。
（1）取混合原液300份。
（2）加入100份月桂基硫酸钠作为表面活性剂。
（3）加入20份异戊醇作为助溶剂。
（4）加入1份次氯酸钠作为防腐剂。
（5）加入10份氧化亚麻油作为稳定剂。
（6）加入10份氯化脂肪作为增效剂。
（7）加入50份丁酮作为有机溶剂。
（8）加入5份甲酸作为pH值调节剂。
（9）在调制釜中将全部混合物调匀，用水稀释1000倍处理浓度。
实施例三：夹竹桃提取液200份、辣椒素80份、阿维菌素10份、三唑磷10份、尼古丁60份、乙酸龙脑脂10份、α-水芹烯15份和异松油烯15份制备混合原液。
（1）取混合原液300份。
（2）加入100份月桂基硫酸钠作为表面活性剂。
（3）加入20份异戊醇作为助溶剂。
（4）加入1份次氯酸钠作为防腐剂。
（5）加入10份氧化亚麻油作为稳定剂。
（6）加入10份氯化脂肪作为增效剂。
（7）加入50份萘烷作为有机溶剂。
（8）加入2份柠檬酸作为pH值调节剂。
（9）在调制釜中将全部混合物调匀，用水稀释800倍处理浓度。
实验一：实验取底为0.5m×0.5m方盒，方盒内铺入田间土壤和部分农作物茎叶，每个方盒内投放20头活虫，活虫种类包括方盒内铺入田间土壤和部分农作物茎叶，每个方盒内投放20头活虫，活虫种类包括蚜虫、蝗虫、蓟马、介壳虫、木虱 、米螟 、斜纹夜蛾 、小菜蛾等，220头活虫中均包括幼虫和成虫，随机分为A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3、C1、C2、C3、D1和E1一共11个组；
取实施例一制剂100ml，分别喷洒在A1、A2和A3中；
取实施例二制剂100ml，分别喷洒在B1、B2和B3中；
取实施例三制剂100ml，分别喷洒在C1、C2和C3中；
取普通化学农药100ml，喷洒在D1中；
取纯净水100ml，作为空白对照，喷洒在E1；
按照表一项目统计数量计入表一中。通过表一数据可以分析，本发明杀虫活性佳，用药一周后可以达到90%以上杀虫率，制剂杀虫功效持续时间长，并且活虫采集种类丰富，包括幼虫和成虫，说明除害虫范围大且对不同时期的虫害均有毒杀作用，由于本发明中主要成分可从植物中提取，对环境无污染，且对虫害以外生物无害，比较普通化学农药虽然杀虫率高副作用大，本发明更环保，适应可持续发展趋势。本发明制剂密封静止在常温环境中3周后，稀释后作重复实验，杀虫率依然在90%以上，且制剂无明显沉淀或分层，说明其稳定不易分解、易存储和乳化。
实验二：采集记录多种害虫虫卵，分为六组，分别对其喷洒实施例一、实施例二、实施例三、普通化学农药、纯净水和灭多威杀虫卵制剂，观察记录数据，通过图1可以分析，本发明制剂可以降低害虫虫卵孵化率，比较普通农药对于不同时期，包括虫卵期均具有一定的灭害作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合型植物杀虫剂制剂，其特征在于：以夹竹桃提取液100-300份、辣椒素50-100份、阿维菌素5-20份、三唑磷5-20份、尼古丁50-100份、乙酸龙脑脂5-20份、α-水芹烯10-20份和异松油烯5-20份制备混合原液，配入表面活性剂、助溶剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、增效剂、有机溶剂、pH值调节剂制成复合制剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合型植物杀虫剂制剂，其特征在于复合制剂中各组分含量配比是：混合原液100-300份；表面活性剂50-100份；助溶剂5-20份；防腐剂1-5份；稳定剂5-10份；增效剂10-15份；有机溶剂50-100份；pH值调节剂1-5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的表面活性剂包括吐温、月桂基硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸盐中的任一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的助溶剂包括苯酚、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇中的任一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的防腐剂包括苯甲酸钠、碱土金属、次氯酸钠中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的稳定剂为环氧化亚麻油，所述的增效剂为氯化脂肪。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的有机溶剂包括二甲苯、甲苯、萘烷、丁酮中的任一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的pH调节剂包括甲酸、草酸、柠檬酸和氢氧化钠。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，其特征在于：所述的夹竹桃提取液由夹竹桃叶粉碎后包裹在滤纸中通过连续提取法制备，每克叶片配以95%浓度乙醇溶液10ml，提取液无色。
10.根据权利要求1所述的复合型植物杀虫剂，提特征在于：所述的夹竹桃提取液通过将夹竹桃叶片和花瓣焚灰后加入95%乙醇，过滤后通过蒸馏提取。
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