CN107517799A - A method for raising seedlings of deer calyx in greenhouse container - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of scandent dark urine greenhouse containers, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting seeds; (2) post-harvest treatment; (3) seed and seed modulation; (4) accelerating germination, namely uniformly scattering seeds on a matrix, and covering soil to promote germination; (5) managing seedlings after pregermination; (6) transplanting and managing seedlings, including hole tray transplanting, nutrition pot transplanting, preparing for outdoor overwintering, and managing water fertilizer, shading, weeding and the like in time; (7) overwintering protection; (8) managing the biennial seedlings; (9) and (5) outplanting management. The method has the advantages of reliable seedling raising technology and high seedling raising effect, and can solve the problems of difficult seedling emergence and difficult survival of transplantation in the field of scanty scandent schefflera.

Description

A method for raising seedlings of deer calyx in greenhouse container

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for raising seedlings in a container of deer calyx calyx calyx thinning in a greenhouse.

Background technique

Deutzia glabrata Kom is one of the rare tree species in the warm temperate zone. It is a deciduous shrub belonging to the genus Deutzia in the family Saxifragaceae. It is resistant to cold, drought and barrenness. Its wild resources Distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China and some parts of the Central Plains, it often grows in rock crevices or hillside forests at an altitude of 300-600m; the flowering period is in early summer, which coincides with the season of few flowers. Its flowers are dense and elegant, white and flawless, and have a high Ornamental value, if it can be introduced into the city, it will definitely add color to the landscaping.

Due to the limited stocks of the existing Deutsche calyx glabrata sparse plants, it is difficult to collect spikes, so it is more suitable to propagate by seeds. However, the sparse seeds of Deutsche calyx glabrata are extremely small, and the thousand-grain weight is about 0.139g. The soil-breaking force of field sowing seeds is small, and the conventional seedling raising methods often have little effect, and it is very difficult to manage. Field seedlings show no or few seedlings, and the seedling stems are thin and weak , It is not easy to survive after transplanting. These situations have brought great resistance to the introduction, domestication and greening promotion work. At present, there is no specific method for growing seedlings in greenhouse containers to realize the thinning of deer seedlings.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for raising seedlings in a greenhouse of deer deer photica, which not only achieves high-efficiency seedling cultivation, but also is easy to manage, and solves the problem of introduction and domestication of wild eucalyptus deer , Overcoming the problems of no seedlings or few seedlings, weak seedling stems, and difficulty in surviving after transplanting in conventional seedling raising techniques.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for raising seedlings in a container of deer calyx in a greenhouse, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed collection: From late August to mid-to-early September, collect seeds with mature capsules that have not yet cracked;

(2) Post-harvest treatment of the seeds: dry the seeds collected in step (1), remove impurities, put them into a glass bottle with a vent hole on the top, store them at room temperature, protected from light or weak light until March of the next year;

(3) Seed preparation: before germination, the capsules are crushed, and the net seeds are passed through 10 mesh and 30 mesh screens;

(4) Germination: In the middle of March, the copper foil tire SBS modified asphalt coil with holes is laid in the germination tray with holes at the bottom, and then the culture medium is put into the germination tray, leveled, sterilized, and placed in the germination tray. Seed, vermiculite; described culture substrate is prepared with 2-4mm grain size vermiculite: earthworm soil according to 7:3, and the thickness of described culture substrate is 4-5cm, and seeds are evenly dropped into in described planting process After the germination tray, cover the seeds evenly with vermiculite, covering a thickness of 1-3mm, and then cover with river sand passed through a 16-mesh fine sieve, with a thickness of 1mm-2mm. The temperature for germination is 25°C-30°C, and the humidity Not less than 75%;

(5) Seedling management after germination: After germination, put the germination tray into the greenhouse, spray and water it with a nozzle of no less than 1000 mesh, and spray a water-soluble full nutrient solution once after the seedling grows the first true leaf , regular disinfection, when the daytime temperature is lower than 25°C and nighttime temperature is lower than 16°C, take heating measures, when the temperature exceeds 30°C, timely ventilation, open the wet curtain, depending on the weather conditions at 10:00-16: Shade with a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50% during 00, manage according to this method, and make the seedlings grow in the germination tray for 45-50 days;

(6) Seedling transplanting and management: In mid-May, transplant the seedlings in the germination tray to the greenhouse in the plug tray to continue to cultivate. The substrate ratio in the plug tray is according to peat: earthworm soil: fine river sand=2 : 1:1 preparation, after the seedlings are transplanted, use a 1000-mesh sprinkler to pour water once, according to the dry humidity of the substrate, water at the right time, when the temperature exceeds 30°C, ventilate at the right time, add a wet curtain, and spray water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer every 15 days Once, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 60%, and the greenhouse is cultivated for 50-55 days;

In the first ten days of July, transplant the plug seedlings into the nutrient bowl, the matrix in the nutrient bowl is a ratio of peat: nursery surface soil = 1:1, add a volume ratio of ≤ 10% decomposed organic fertilizer, according to the dry humidity of the matrix, timely Watering, shading nets, light transmittance 60%, spraying water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer once every 15 days, outdoor hardening for 35 days;

In mid-to-late August, transfer the nutrient bowl to the field. Before planting, lay copper-foiled SBS modified asphalt coils on the bottom of the seedbed, set up side shade for the seedlings, and irrigate once after the transfer is completed, and then gradually reduce the number of watering , following the principle of "no shortage of water, no watering", fertilizers are mainly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers;

(7) Management of two-year-old seedlings: replenish water in time according to the growth of seedlings, weed in good time, fertilize the leaves of seedlings from April to October, spray 2 to 3 times a month with a mass fraction of 1.5% to 2% urea, 0.1 %～0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, applied alternately, to prevent and control pests and diseases in time;

(8) Out of the garden.

Preferably: the long 56cm of germination dish in described step (4), wide 24cm, deep 5-8cm.

Preferably: the filling depth of the culture substrate in the step (4) is 4-5 cm. Advantages: After watering, it is not sticky and heavy, which is conducive to the germination of very small seeds and eucalyptus eucalyptus.

Preferably: the disinfection in the step (4) is to use 800 times liquid carbendazim to uniformly pour and disinfect the matrix in the germination tray.

Preferably: the seeding in the step (4) is to place the seeds in a 10-mesh mesh sieve identical to that of the germination tray and spread evenly, and gently vibrate the mesh sieve 1-2 times to make the seeds fall into the germination tray.

Preferably: the water-soluble complete nutrient solution in the step (5), the concentration is 2% by mass fraction.

Preferably: the disinfection in the step (5) is to spray once every 10 days with 800 times of carbendazim.

Preferably: the transplanting method in the step (6) is: use blunt-tipped tweezers to pick out the seedlings from the germination tray, make the root system stretch, and transplant 2-3 seedlings in the hole displacement of each plug, and transplant the seedlings after 1 week Replenish the seedlings in due course.

Preferably: the concentration of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer in the step (6) is 1.5%.

Preferably: in the described step (6), the field selects a flat, well-drained nursery to make a nursery seedbed, the depth of the seedbed is a horizontal low bed of 20cm, the bed surface is wide 1.2m, and the long seedbed interval of the seedbed is 80cm .

Preferably: when planting in the step (6), the nutrient bowls in the greenhouse are neatly placed in the nursery bed in sequence, and the fine soil is backfilled, and the depth of the covering soil is 1 cm higher than that of the original nutrient bowls.

Preferably: overwintering protection is also included between the steps (6) and (7), and further: arch support is used, and antifreeze water is poured once before freezing.

Some terms and definitions are as follows in the present invention:

Germination tray: a container for germination, usually a square or polygonal box with a certain depth without a cover, made of plastic, with uniform air and water permeable pores at the bottom.

Vermicompost: Also known as vermicompost, it is the excrement of earthworms. It can be used as a fertilizer, and its composition includes organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Its color varies depending on the soil in which the earthworm lives.

Plug: A plastic product used to grow seedlings.

Nutritional bowl: Also known as seedling bowl, seedling cup, and nutritional cup, its texture is mostly made of plastic, and the size of a paper cup is mostly used for breeding and seedlings, and the size of a flower pot is mostly used for greenhouse planting. The black plastic nutrition bowl has the function of absorbing heat during the day, keeping warm and mulching roots at night, and preserving fertilizer, and it has the function of water retention in dry season.

Seedling transplanting: when the seedlings grow to a suitable height, they are transferred from the germination tray to the plug tray and the nutrient bowl.

Nursery seedbed: specifically refers to the seedbed where seedlings are placed in the field.

Beneficial effect:

(1) Compared with the conventional seedling raising method, the deer calyx eucalyptus thinning greenhouse container seedling raising method of the present invention can not only realize refined production management, improve seedling survival rate, but also save a large amount of steps of pruning seedling stock when transplanting, and can reach The effect of creating a scene on the spot, this seedling raising technology transplants 2 to 3 seedlings at the same time, which can effectively shorten the seedling raising cycle; the growth is not limited by the season, and it can be planted against the season; it is more convenient for planting, seedling raising and transportation. Therefore, the method of the present invention can not only solve the problem of difficult seedling emergence, but also can flexibly grasp the timing of seedling cultivation, facilitate management, and improve the efficiency of seedling cultivation.

(2) The method for raising seedlings in containers of deer eucalyptus in the example of the present invention utilizes seedling-raising containers to accelerate germination and grow seedlings in the greenhouse, which can ensure that deer eucalyptus is thinned into seedlings, effectively solves the problem of no seedlings in field sowing, and has a high survival rate of seedlings. The growth is neat, which is conducive to large-scale production.

(3) According to the method for raising seedlings in a container in a greenhouse for degeria photica thinning in the present invention, according to the growth characteristics of deutsia photica thinning stage, a seedling-raising container is reasonably selected at each seedling-raising stage and a seedling-raising substrate is prepared accordingly to ensure rapid growth of seedlings.

(4) The method for raising seedlings in a container of deer eucalyptus thinning in the present invention, the transplanting of deutsia photica thinning seedlings is not subject to seasonal restrictions, the survival rate is high, and there is no slow seedling period after transplanting.

(5) The method for raising seedlings in a container in a greenhouse for degeria photica thinning is an example of the present invention. The degeria photica thinning seedlings are transplanted in a pot, the seedlings are easy to raise, and the risk of long-distance transportation after seedlings is raised is small.

(6) In the method for raising seedlings in containers of deer eucalyptus thinning in the greenhouse of the example of the present invention, 2 to 3 deer eucalyptus seedlings raised are transplanted and planted together to ensure the survival rate and shorten the seedling cultivation period.

detailed description

In order to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1

A method for raising seedlings in a container of deer calyx calyx thinning in a greenhouse, which is specifically realized through the following steps:

(1) Seed collection: From late August to mid-to-early September, select plants that grow robustly and have no obvious pests and diseases, and collect them before their capsules are mature and cracked. back indoors.

(2) Post-harvest treatment of seeds: place the seeds in a cool place, dry them, remove impurities such as fruit stalks and leaves, put them into a container with ventilation holes on the top, keep them at natural temperature in the room, and keep them away from light or weak light until the next year 3 month.

(3) Seed preparation: Before accelerating germination, crush the capsules and pass through 10-mesh and 30-mesh sieves for net seeding. After net planting, the purity of the seeds can reach more than 90%.

(4) Germination: Germination in mid-March, including germination container selection, germination matrix preparation, germination matrix filling, germination matrix disinfection, seed placement, etc.

①Choose an appropriate size germination tray as the germination container, with uniform water-permeable pores at the bottom. The container specifications can be: length 56cm, width 24cm, depth 5-8cm.

② Germination matrix preparation

The matrix material is made of vermiculite with particle size of 2-4mm: earthworm soil according to the ratio of 7:3.

③ Filling the germination tray

First, lay copper-foil tire SBS modified asphalt coils on the bottom of the germination tray, and punch holes to ensure that the bottom of the substrate is ventilated and water-permeable; then, put the substrate into the germination tray and level it. The filling depth is preferably 4-5cm, and it is reserved.

④ Germination matrix disinfection

Prepare 800-fold solution of carbendazim, and uniformly pour and sterilize the substrate in the germination tray.

⑤ planting

Place the seeds in a 10-mesh mesh screen with the same specifications as the germination tray and spread evenly, and gently shake the mesh screen 1-2 times to make the seeds fall into the germination tray. Cover the seeds evenly with 1-3mm vermiculite, with a thickness of 1-3mm. It is covered with river sand passing through a 16-mesh fine sieve, with a thickness of 1mm-2mm.

⑥ germination

The germination is completed in the incubator or greenhouse, the temperature is controlled between 25°C-30°C, and the humidity is not lower than 75%. It can germinate in 4-7 days.

(5) Seedling management after germination

After germination, put the germination tray into the greenhouse, and spray water with a nozzle of no less than 1000 mesh. If it is sunny, water it once a day, and if it is cloudy, water it every 1-2 days to ensure that the substrate is moist. After the seedling grows the first true leaf, spray a water-soluble total nutrient solution with a concentration of 2% by mass fraction. Spray with carbendazim 800 times solution every 10 days. When the daytime temperature is lower than 25°C and the nighttime temperature is lower than 16°C, take heating measures such as boiler heating or electric heaters; when the temperature exceeds 30°C, timely ventilate and open the wet curtain. Shade with a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50% during 10:00-16:00 depending on the weather conditions. Manage according to this method, and make the seedlings grow in the germination tray for 45-50 days.

(6) Seedling transplanting and management: including plug transplanting, nutrient pot transplanting, outdoor management before wintering, etc.

①Plant transplanting and management

In mid-May, move the seedlings in the germination tray to the greenhouse in the plug tray to continue cultivation. Special substrates are used for plug seedlings, and the ratio of the substrates is prepared according to peat: earthworm soil: 8 mesh fine river sand = 2:1:1, and mixed evenly. When transplanting seedlings, use blunt tweezers to pick out the seedlings from the germination tray, do not tear off the root system, and stretch the root system, transplant the seedlings, and transplant 2-3 seedlings in each hole; The 1000-mesh nozzle pours water once. The seedlings should be replenished in a timely manner within 1 week after transplanting, and it should be replenished in time to deal with the subsidence of the substrate. Water every day or every other day, depending on the humidity of the substrate. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, ventilate in a timely manner and open the wet curtain. Spray water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer once every 15 days, with a mass fraction of 1.5%. The light transmittance of the sunshade net is 60%, and it can be cultivated in the greenhouse for 50-55 days.

②Nutrition bowl transplanting and management

In early July, transplant the plug seedlings into the nutrient pots. The specification of the nutrient bowl is high*upper caliber 16*15cm, using a special substrate for raising seedlings in the nutrient bowl, the substrate ratio peat:garden soil=1:1, apply an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer, the volume ratio is controlled within 10%, mix well and use. Seedlings are hardened outdoors, and watered every day according to the dryness and humidity of the substrate. The sunshade net is used for shading, and the light transmittance is 60%. Spray water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer once every 15 days, with a concentration of 2%. Outdoor hardening for 35 days.

③Outdoor wintering preparation and management

In mid-to-late August, the eucalyptus glabrata was transferred to the field with a nutrient bowl. Choose a nursery with flat terrain and good drainage to make a nursery bed. It requires a horizontal low bed with a depth of 20cm and a bed width of 1.2m. The length of the seedbed depends on the condition of the nursery. Before planting, lay copper foil tire SBS modified asphalt membrane on the bottom of the seedbed and punch holes. The nutrient bowls in the greenhouse are neatly placed in the nursery bed. Backfill with fine soil to fill the gap between the nutrient bowls, and the depth of covering soil is 1cm higher than the original nutrient bowl. Seedlings set side shade. After the transfer is completed, the water is irrigated once, and the frequency of watering is gradually reduced in the future, following the principle of "no shortage of water, no watering". Fertilizers are mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

(7) Overwintering protection: In North China, container seedlings bred in the same year can be used for greening and afforestation. If the seedlings cannot come out of the nursery that year, they need to stay in beds for the winter. In order to prevent extreme weather, winter protection is required. Such as arch support. Before freezing, the seedlings are uniformly irrigated with antifreeze water.

(8) Management of biennial seedlings:

Remove the overwintering protective devices for seedlings in spring; replenish water in time according to the growth of seedlings; weed at the right time, in line with the principle of "removing early, removing small, and removing" to ensure that there are no weeds in the container and on the edge of the nursery bed; Substrate sinking containers supplement the substrate; fertilize the seedlings from April to October, and spray urea with a mass fraction of 1.5% to 2% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.2% 2 to 3 times a month, alternately apply. If pests and diseases occur, timely control them.

(9) Nursery management:

① Seedling raising: Check the survival rate of seedlings. When raising seedlings, ensure that the nutrient bowl is complete, and sort the seedlings after raising seedlings.

②Packaging and transportation: Pack in plastic turnover boxes and cardboard boxes. When the seedlings are transported for a long distance, they need to be sprayed with water to moisturize and covered with tarpaulins.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an illustration of the applied technical principles. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to the technical solution formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but should also cover the technical solution formed by the above-mentioned technical features without departing from the inventive concept. Other technical solutions formed by any combination of or equivalent features thereof. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with technical features with similar functions disclosed in (but not limited to) this application.

Claims (10)

1. a method for raising seedlings in a greenhouse for deer calyx thinning, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Seed collection: From late August to mid-to-early September, collect seeds with mature capsules that have not yet cracked; (2) Post-harvest treatment of the seeds: dry the seeds collected in step (1), remove impurities, put them into a glass bottle with a vent hole on the top, store them at room temperature, protected from light or weak light until March of the next year; (3) Seed preparation: before germination, the capsules are crushed, and the net seeds are passed through 10 mesh and 30 mesh screens; (4) Germination: In the middle of March, the copper foil tire SBS modified asphalt coil with holes is laid in the germination tray with holes at the bottom, and then the culture medium is put into the germination tray, leveled, sterilized, and placed in the germination tray. Seed, germination; the culture medium is formulated with 2-4mm particle size vermiculite: earthworm soil according to 7:3, the thickness of the culture medium is 4-5cm, and the seeds are sprinkled into the germination tray during the seeding process Finally, evenly cover the seeds with vermiculite, covering a thickness of 1-3mm, and then cover with river sand passed through a 16-mesh sieve, with a thickness of 1mm-2mm. The temperature for germination is 25°C-30°C, and the humidity is not lower than 75%; (5) Seedling management after germination: After germination, put the germination tray into the greenhouse, spray water with a nozzle of no less than 1000 mesh, and spray a water-soluble full nutrient solution once after the seedling grows the first true leaf. Disinfect regularly. When the daytime temperature is lower than 25°C and nighttime temperature is lower than 16°C, take heating measures. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, timely ventilate and open the wet curtain. 10:00-16:00 depending on the weather conditions Shade with a sunshade net with a light transmittance of 50% during the period, so that the seedlings grow in the germination tray for 45-50 days; (6) Seedling transplanting and management: In mid-May, transplant the seedlings in the germination tray to the greenhouse in the plug tray to continue to cultivate. The substrate ratio in the plug tray is according to peat: earthworm soil: fine river sand=2 : 1:1 preparation, after the seedlings are transplanted, use a 1000-mesh sprinkler to pour water once, according to the dry humidity of the substrate, water at the right time, when the temperature exceeds 30°C, ventilate at the right time, add a wet curtain, and spray water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer every 15 days Once, the light transmittance of the sunshade net is 60%, and the greenhouse is cultivated for 50-55 days; In the first ten days of July, transplant the plug seedlings into the nutrient bowl, the matrix in the nutrient bowl is a ratio of peat: nursery surface soil = 1:1, add a volume ratio of ≤ 10% decomposed organic fertilizer, according to the dry humidity of the matrix, timely Watering, shading nets, light transmittance 60%, spraying water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer once every 15 days, outdoor hardening for 35 days; In mid-to-late August, the nutrient bowl was transferred to the field. Before planting, a copper-foiled SBS modified asphalt coil was laid on the bottom of the seedbed, and the seedlings were provided with side shade. The number of times, following the principle of "no shortage of water, no watering", fertilizers are mainly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; (7) Management of biennial seedlings: replenish water in time according to the growth situation of seedlings, weeding, fertilize the leaves of seedlings from April to October, and spray 2 to 3 times a month with a mass fraction of 1.5% to 2% urea, 0.1% ~0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, alternate application, timely control of pests and diseases; (8) Out of the garden. 2. the seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the long 56cm of germination disc in described step (4), wide 24cm, deep 5-8cm. 3. the method for raising seedlings as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (4), disinfection is to use 800 times of liquid carbendazim, and the substrate in the germination dish is uniformly poured and sterilized; preferably: described step ( 4) Seeding in the middle is to place the seeds in a 10-mesh mesh screen with the same specifications as the germination tray and spread evenly, and gently shake the mesh screen 1-2 times to make the seeds fall into the germination tray. 4. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (5), the water-soluble total nutrient solution has a concentration of 2% by mass fraction. 5. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the disinfection in the step (5) is sprayed once with 800 times of carbendazim every 10 days. 6. seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (6), transplanting method is: pick out seedling from germination disc with blunt tweezers, root system is stretched, and each plug hole displacement Plant 2-3 seedlings, and replenish the seedlings within 1 week after transplanting. 7. seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is 1.5% in the described step (6). 8. the method for raising seedlings as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (6), Daejeon selects terrain flat, well-drained nursery ground, makes nursery ground seedbed, and the depth of described seedbed is that the level of 20cm is low The bed has a bed surface width of 1.2m, and the length of the seedbed is 80cm apart. 9. seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when field planting in described step (6), the nutrient bowl in the greenhouse is neatly placed successively in nursery field seedbed, and fine soil is backfilled, and cover soil depth is higher than The original nutrition bowl is 1cm. 10. The method for raising seedlings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, between said step (6) and step (7), overwintering protection is also included, preferably: an arch support is used, and antifreeze water is poured once before freezing.