CN107184785A - A kind of medicine for preventing and treating rabbit E.coli disease - Google Patents
A kind of medicine for preventing and treating rabbit E.coli disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN107184785A CN107184785A CN201710340779.5A CN201710340779A CN107184785A CN 107184785 A CN107184785 A CN 107184785A CN 201710340779 A CN201710340779 A CN 201710340779A CN 107184785 A CN107184785 A CN 107184785A
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Abstract
本发明名称是：一种防治兔大肠杆菌病的药物，属医药与医学工程技术领域，其组成以质量份数表示为：黄连5‑15份、白头翁5‑15份、黄柏5‑15份、桉叶5‑15份、丹皮4‑12份、知母4‑12份、地榆4‑12份、槐花4‑12份、当归3‑9份、白芍3‑9份、丹参3‑9份、木香3‑9份、大黄2‑6份、栀子2‑6份、甘草2‑6份、大枣2‑6份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过100目筛，混拌均匀即可。临床应用时采用沸水浸泡30‑60分钟，使药物有效成分充分溶解并析出，以利于病兔的体内吸收，同时加入少量的糖类和Vc，可提高药效。该药物临床治愈率较高，无不良反应，不易产生抗药性，兔肉内无药物残留。所需原料易得，制备简单，使用方便，可在大、中、小兔场广泛推广应用。The title of the invention is: a medicine for preventing and treating colibacillosis in rabbits, which belongs to the technical field of medicine and medical engineering. 5‑15 parts of eucalyptus, 4‑12 parts of paeonol, 4‑12 parts of Anemarrhena, 4‑12 parts of Burnet, 4‑12 parts of Sophora japonica, 3‑9 parts of angelica, 3‑9 parts of white peony, 3 parts of salvia miltiorrhiza ‑9 parts, woody 3‑9 parts, rhubarb 2‑6 parts, gardenia 2‑6 parts, licorice 2‑6 parts, jujube 2‑6 parts. The above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicines are dried in the sun, weighed, crushed until passed through a 100-mesh sieve, and mixed evenly. In clinical application, soak in boiling water for 30-60 minutes to fully dissolve and precipitate the active ingredients of the drug, so as to facilitate the absorption in the body of sick rabbits. At the same time, adding a small amount of sugar and Vc can improve the efficacy of the drug. The drug has a high clinical cure rate, no adverse reaction, is not easy to produce drug resistance, and has no drug residue in the rabbit meat. The required raw materials are easy to obtain, the preparation is simple, and the use is convenient, and can be widely popularized and applied in large, medium and small rabbit farms.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于医药与医学工程技术领域，特别是一种涉及防治兔大肠杆菌病的药物。The invention belongs to the technical field of medicine and medical engineering, in particular to a medicine for preventing and treating colibacillosis in rabbits.
背景技术：Background technique:
我国的养兔业历史悠久，是我国广大农村传统的家庭副业之一。特别是自改革开放以来，在党和国家富农政策的指引下，养兔业得以迅速发展。饲养规模不断扩大，养殖方式也由零星散养、穴养向集约化、工厂化发展，有的已成为某些地方让农民脱贫致富的支柱型产业之一。随着兔群密集、交往频繁，兔病也日渐增多，呈多发高发态势，兔病已成为养兔业健康持续发展的重要制约因素。如兔大肠杆菌病，又称粘液性肠炎，是由一定血清型的致病性大肠杆菌及其毒素引起的暴发性肠道传染病。其主要特征是患兔出现胶样或水样腹泻及严重脱水，死亡率高。本病的发生与饲养、气候等因素密切相关，春、秋季多发；各种年龄的兔均可发生本病，但仔兔易感，主要发生在1-4月龄的幼兔，断奶前后的仔兔发病率和死亡率最高，往往给养兔者带来重大经济损失。现有技术中公开的用于防治兔大肠杆菌病的药物主要有菌苗、西药和中兽药三大类。虽然三者均有不同程度的防治效果，但也存在这样或那样的技术问题，有待于技术创新，如国产兔大肠杆菌灭活苗，因预防疗效偏低至今不能大面积推广应用，鉴于本病具有多种血清型致病菌这一特殊性，极个别兔场自制的本菌灭活苗也仅限于自制自用，从而导致本病目前仍是养兔业的一种常见病、多发病；市售的西药如抗生素类、磺胺类和呋喃类药物等均有较好的防治效果，然而随着多年长期应用，甚至乱用滥用，其疗效逐年降低，用量则逐年增大，耐药性菌株的不断形成已是不争的事实，且具有药物残留的潜在隐患，对兔肉食品安全构成威胁。国家已明令禁用29种西药，如氯霉素、呋喃唑酮(俗称痢特灵)等；其它市售中兽药如兔杆灵、兔杆清等虽无上述西药之弊端，但在配方构成和使用方法上也存在某些技术缺陷，要么因配方不严谨而疗效欠佳，要么在应用方法上常将药物散剂直接拌料喂服，延缓了病兔对药物有效成分的吸收速率，难以保证体内有效的药物浓度，防治效果也不尽人意。因此，对防治兔大肠杆菌的药物进行技术创新很有必要。my country's rabbit industry has a long history and is one of the traditional family sidelines in the vast rural areas of my country. Especially since the reform and opening up, under the guidance of the party and the country's rich peasant policy, the rabbit industry has developed rapidly. The scale of breeding continues to expand, and the breeding methods have also changed from sporadic free-range breeding and hole breeding to intensive and factory-like development. Some have become one of the pillar industries in some places to help farmers get rid of poverty and become rich. With the density of rabbit populations and frequent contacts, rabbit diseases are also increasing day by day, showing a trend of frequent and high incidence. Rabbit diseases have become an important factor restricting the healthy and sustainable development of the rabbit industry. For example, rabbit colibacillosis, also known as mucous enteritis, is a fulminant intestinal infectious disease caused by a certain serotype of pathogenic Escherichia coli and its toxin. Its main features are gelatinous or watery diarrhea and severe dehydration in affected rabbits, with a high mortality rate. The occurrence of this disease is closely related to factors such as feeding and climate, and it occurs frequently in spring and autumn; this disease can occur in rabbits of all ages, but young rabbits are susceptible, mainly in young rabbits of 1-4 months of age, and in young rabbits before and after weaning. Young rabbits have the highest morbidity and mortality, often bringing significant economic losses to rabbit breeders. The medicines disclosed in the prior art for preventing and treating colibacillosis in rabbits mainly include three categories: bacterin, western medicine and traditional Chinese veterinary medicine. Although the three have different degrees of control effects, there are also technical problems of one kind or another, which need to be technologically innovated. For example, the domestic rabbit E. coli inactivated vaccine has not been widely used because of its low preventive effect. With the particularity of multiple serotypes of pathogenic bacteria, the inactivated vaccines made by very few rabbit farms are limited to self-use, which leads to the fact that the disease is still a common and frequently-occurring disease in the rabbit industry; Western medicines such as antibiotics, sulfonamides, and furans have good control effects. However, with years of long-term use, or even indiscriminate abuse, the curative effect decreases year by year, and the dosage increases year by year. Drug-resistant strains continue to emerge. It is an indisputable fact that it has been formed, and it has potential hidden dangers of drug residues, which poses a threat to the food safety of rabbit meat. The country has explicitly banned 29 kinds of western medicines, such as chloramphenicol, furazolidone (commonly known as furazolidone), etc.; other commercially available Chinese veterinary medicines such as Tuganling, Tuganqing, etc. do not have the disadvantages of the above-mentioned western medicines, but they are different in formula composition and method of use. There are also some technical defects in this method, either because the formula is not rigorous and the curative effect is not good, or in the application method, the drug powder is often directly mixed and fed, which delays the absorption rate of the active ingredients of the drug in sick rabbits, and it is difficult to ensure the effective drug in the body. Drug concentration, prevention and treatment effect is also unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out technological innovation on drugs for preventing and treating Escherichia coli in rabbits.
发明目的：Purpose of the invention:
本发明的目的就在于提供一种疗效确切、治愈率较高、无毒副作用、无药物残留、不易产生耐药性、便于应用的防治兔大肠杆菌病的纯中草药药物。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pure Chinese herbal medicine for preventing and treating colibacillosis in rabbits, which has definite curative effect, high cure rate, no toxic side effect, no drug residue, is not easy to produce drug resistance, and is easy to use.
发明内容：Invention content:
为实现本发明的目的，发明人进行了多年试验研究和反复验证，付出了大量的艰辛劳动，不断探索并筛选出多个中草药配方，经优化设计和重复实践，最终确定了本发明的配方，其组成以质量份数表示为：黄连5-15份、白头翁5-15份、黄柏5-15份、桉叶5-15份、丹皮4-12份、知母4-12份、地榆4-12份、槐花4-12份、当归3-9份、白芍3-9份、丹参3-9份、木香3-9份、大黄2-6份、栀子2-6份、甘草2-6份、大枣2-6份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过100目筛，混拌均匀即可得本发明成品。In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the inventor has carried out many years of experimental research and repeated verification, paid a lot of hard work, continuously explored and screened out a number of Chinese herbal medicine formulas, and finally determined the formula of the present invention through optimized design and repeated practice. Its composition is expressed in parts by mass: Coptidis 5-15 parts, Pulsatilla 5-15 parts, Phellodendron 5-15 parts, Eucalyptus 5-15 parts, Dan bark 4-12 parts, Anemarrhena 4-12 parts, Burnet 4-12 parts, Sophora japonica 4-12 parts, Angelica 3-9 parts, White peony 3-9 parts, Salvia miltiorrhiza 3-9 parts, Woody fragrance 3-9 parts, Rhubarb 2-6 parts, Gardenia 2-6 parts , 2-6 parts of licorice, 2-6 parts of jujube. The above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine is dried in the sun, weighed, crushed to pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and mixed evenly to obtain the finished product of the present invention.
本发明药物的用法用量如下：The usage and dosage of medicine of the present invention are as follows:
A.用法：根据兔群数量、病情、用量称药粉倒入瓷缸或其它陶瓷容器内(忌用铁、铝等金属容器，以免发生反应，影响疗效)，再加入药粉量5-10倍沸水，盖口浸焖30-60分钟，这样可使药物的有效成分充分溶解并析出。待药液温度降至20-25℃时，再按沸水量加入10％的白糖或葡萄糖和200ppm的Vc原粉；目的是及时补充病兔的体液和体能，并有一定的解毒效力。如此配好的药液于傍晚前一次投服，重者灌服，连用3-5天。A. Usage: Weigh the powder according to the number of rabbits, the condition, and the dosage, and pour it into a ceramic jar or other ceramic container (avoid using metal containers such as iron and aluminum, so as not to cause reactions and affect the curative effect), and then add 5-10 times the amount of powder into boiling water , cover and simmer for 30-60 minutes, so that the active ingredients of the drug can be fully dissolved and precipitated. When the temperature of the medicinal solution drops to 20-25°C, add 10% white sugar or glucose and 200ppm Vc powder according to the amount of boiling water; the purpose is to replenish the body fluid and physical energy of the sick rabbit in time, and has a certain detoxification effect. The medicinal solution prepared in this way should be taken once in the evening, and if it is serious, it will be taken by gavage, and it will be used continuously for 3-5 days.
B.用量：治疗量1-2g/只.日，预防量0.5-1g/只.日，连服3-5天。B. Dosage: 1-2g/day for treatment, 0.5-1g/day for prevention, for 3-5 days.
方剂解析：Prescription analysis:
本发明是根据祖国传统的中兽医学理论，结合兔大肠杆菌病的特征及多年临床实践经辨证而设计的。中兽医认为：本病是一种比较复杂的传染病，本病的发生与饲养管理(如仔兔断奶前后精料变动突然等)、气候变化(冷热不定等)等因素密切相关，故本病在春、秋季多发。大肠杆菌在自然界广泛存在，是一种条件病原菌，当兔体受到应激时，则机体抗病力下降，引发健康兔肠道中的致病菌大量繁殖，产生大量内毒素，毒力加强就可引发本病。疫毒内侵，突破卫气生理屏障，疫邪渐入营血，致使胃肠热盛，血瘀气滞，故剖检病死兔见胃肠道积液膨胀，胃肠粘膜充血、出血、水肿等病变。本病属中兽医学的温病范畴。因此，对本病宜确立清热解毒、活血散瘀为治则。故本配方中首先确立黄连、白头翁、黄柏、桉叶4味药强强联合组成主力方阵为君药，以确保本发明清热解毒之功效，现代药理研究已证明(下同)，黄连、黄柏和桉叶3味主药对大肠杆菌均有较强的抑制作用；再选丹皮、知母、地榆、槐花共为臣药，其中丹皮、知母、地榆均有抑制大肠杆菌之功效，以协助君药增强清热解毒、止血散瘀之药效；另调当归、白芍、丹参、木香共为佐药，意在增添行气活血、缓挛止痛之功效，其中当归、白芍、丹参均有抑制大肠杆菌之功效，共助君臣药效；又派大黄、栀子、甘草、大枣共为使药，意在调诸药、缓药性，攻邪而不伤正，并从消化道和泌尿道驱残余邪毒以体外，其中大黄对该病菌有抑制作用，免除“闭门留寇”之隐忧。The present invention is designed according to the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine theory of the motherland, combining the characteristics of rabbit colibacillosis and years of clinical practice through syndrome differentiation. Chinese veterinarians believe that this disease is a relatively complicated infectious disease, and the occurrence of this disease is closely related to factors such as feeding management (such as sudden change of concentrate before and after weaning of young rabbits, etc.), climate change (hot and cold, etc.), so this disease The disease occurs frequently in spring and autumn. Escherichia coli exists widely in nature and is a kind of conditional pathogenic bacteria. When the rabbit body is stressed, the body's disease resistance will decrease, causing the pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract of healthy rabbits to reproduce in large numbers, producing a large amount of endotoxin, and the virulence can be strengthened. cause the disease. Epidemic toxin invades, breaks through the physiological barrier of Wei Qi, and the pathogen gradually enters the blood, resulting in gastrointestinal heat, blood stasis and Qi stagnation. Therefore, autopsy of dead rabbits shows gastrointestinal fluid swelling, gastrointestinal mucous membrane hyperemia, bleeding, and edema and other diseases. This disease belongs to the febrile disease category of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine. Therefore, it is advisable to establish clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis as the treatment principles for this disease. Therefore, in this formula, at first establish the main phalanx composed of Coptis chinensis, Pulsatilla, Cortex Phellodendron, and Eucalyptus leaves as the main force to ensure the heat-clearing and detoxifying effect of the present invention. Modern pharmacological studies have proved (the same below). and eucalyptus leaves have strong inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli; then choose Danpi, Anemarrhena, Burnet, and Sophora japonica as the ministerial drugs, among which Danpi, Anemarrhena, and Burnet all have inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli The effect is to assist the monarch drug to enhance the efficacy of clearing away heat and detoxification, stopping bleeding and dissipating blood stasis; in addition, angelica, white peony root, salvia miltiorrhiza, and woody wood are used as adjuvant drugs to increase the effect of promoting qi and blood circulation, relieving contractures and relieving pain. Both Radix Paeoniae Alba and Salvia miltiorrhiza have the effect of inhibiting Escherichia coli, and jointly assist the monarch and ministers; rhubarb, gardenia, licorice, and jujube are also sent as envoys, which are intended to adjust the properties of various medicines, slow down their properties, attack evil without harming righteousness, and Drive the residual evil poison from the digestive tract and urinary tract to the body, among which rhubarb has an inhibitory effect on the bacteria, eliminating the hidden worry of "keeping behind closed doors".
综观全方，本发明配方严谨，紧扣治则，君、臣、佐、使各司其职，尽显其长，且协调联动、共奏药功。此外，在临床应用时，又增加了糖类和Vc两个外援药物，可速补给养、又驱散毒力，更强化了本发明的驱邪扶正作用。因此，本发明比其它相关药物具有较高的临床治愈率。Taking a comprehensive view of the whole prescription, the present invention has a strict formula and closely adheres to the principles of treatment. The monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy each perform their duties, show their strengths, and coordinate and cooperate to perform medicinal merits. In addition, in clinical application, two foreign aid drugs, sugar and Vc, are added, which can quickly replenish supplies and disperse toxicity, which further strengthens the function of expelling evil and strengthening the body of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention has a higher clinical cure rate than other related medicines.
具体实施方式：以下实施例用以说明本发明。Specific embodiments: the following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
供试时间：2011年10月。Test time: October 2011.
供试地点：河北省丰润县王柱子养兔场。Place for testing: Wangzhuzi Rabbit Farm in Fengrun County, Hebei Province.
供试兔群：35-85日龄，210只商品代獭兔，因精饲料突然变化和气候忽冷忽热等而发生兔大肠杆菌病。The test group of rabbits: 35-85 days old, 210 commercial generation Rex rabbits, due to sudden changes in concentrated feed and hot and cold weather, rabbit colibacillosis occurred.
供试药物：即本发明的纯中药制剂，各味原料药均购自河北省唐山市中药材公司，其组成按质量份数表示为：黄连5份、白头翁5份、黄柏5份、桉叶5份、丹皮4份、知母4份、地榆4份、槐花4份、当归3份、白芍3份、丹参3份、木香3份、大黄2份、栀子2份、甘草2份、大枣2份。将上述中草药晒干、称重、粉碎至过100目筛，搅拌均匀即得本发明成品。Drug for testing: namely the pure Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, each raw material drug is purchased from Tangshan Chinese Medicinal Materials Company, Hebei Province, and its composition is expressed in parts by mass: 5 parts of Coptidis Rhizoma, 5 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 5 parts of Cortex Phellodendri, eucalyptus leaves 5 parts, 4 parts of paeonol, 4 parts of Anemarrhena, 4 parts of Burnet, 4 parts of Sophora japonica, 3 parts of angelica, 3 parts of white peony, 3 parts of salvia, 3 parts of woody fragrance, 2 parts of rhubarb, 2 parts of gardenia, 2 parts of licorice, 2 parts of jujube. The above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine is dried in the sun, weighed, crushed to pass through a 100-mesh sieve, and stirred evenly to obtain the finished product of the present invention.
试验组：105只，用本发明药物治疗。Test group: 105 rats, treated with the medicine of the present invention.
对照组：105只，用西药链霉素治疗。Control group: 105 rats, treated with western medicine streptomycin.
试验组步骤如下：The steps of the test group are as follows:
①称药：每只兔每天用药1g，共称取105g本发明药物倒入瓷缸内。1. Weighing medicine: each rabbit takes 1g of medicine every day, takes 105g medicine of the present invention altogether and pours in the porcelain jar.
②浸泡：往缸内加沸水525g，加盖浸焖30分钟。② Soaking: Add 525g of boiling water to the tank, cover and soak for 30 minutes.
③加药：待药汁温度降至20-25℃时，加入52.5g白糖和0.105gVc原粉。③ Dosing: When the temperature of the medicine juice drops to 20-25°C, add 52.5g of sugar and 0.105g of Vc powder.
④投服：在傍晚喂食前，给兔群一次性投入该药液(含药渣)，任兔群自由饮服，重者灌服。④ Administration: Before feeding in the evening, inject the liquid medicine (including drug residues) into the rabbits at one time, let the rabbits drink freely, or gavage in serious cases.
⑤疗程：连续用药3天。⑤ course of treatment: continuous medication for 3 days.
对照组：用硫酸链霉素肌内注射，每只兔每千克体重20-30mg，每日2次，连注3天。Control group: intramuscular injection of streptomycin sulfate, 20-30 mg per kilogram body weight of each rabbit, twice a day, continuous injection for 3 days.
试验结果列于下表 单位：只.％The test results are listed in the table below Unit: only.%
结果表明：试验组比对照组的治愈率高出9.52个百分点。The results showed that the cure rate of the experimental group was 9.52 percentage points higher than that of the control group.
实施例2：Example 2:
供试时间：2012年4月。Test time: April 2012.
供试地点：河北省滦县陈玉萍养兔场。Place for testing: Chen Yuping Rabbit Farm in Luan County, Hebei Province.
供试兔群：30-90日龄，262只商品代獭兔，因气候变化、更换精饲料未缓慢过渡等发生兔大肠杆菌病。The test group of rabbits: 30-90 days old, 262 commercial generation Rex rabbits, due to climate change, replacement of concentrated feed did not slow transition, etc. Rabbit colibacillosis occurred.
供试药物：即本发明的纯中药制剂，各味原料药采购同实施例1，其组成按质量份数表示为：黄连15份、白头翁15份、黄柏15份、桉叶15份、丹皮12份、知母12份、地榆12份、槐花12份、当归9份、白芍9份、丹参9份、木香9份、大黄6份、栀子6份、甘草6份、大枣6份。加工方法同实施例1。Drug for testing: namely the pure Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention, the purchase of each raw material is the same as in Example 1, and its composition is expressed in parts by mass: 15 parts of Coptis Rhizoma, 15 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 15 parts of Phellodendron Phellodendri, 15 parts of Eucalyptus leaves, paeonol 12 parts, Anemarrhena 12 parts, Burnet 12 parts, Sophora japonica 12 parts, Angelica 9 parts, Paeoniae Alba 9 parts, Salvia miltiorrhiza 9 parts, Woody fragrance 9 parts, Rhubarb 6 parts, Gardenia 6 parts, Licorice 6 parts, Jujube 6 parts. Processing method is with embodiment 1.
试验组：131只，用本发明药物治疗。Test group: 131 rats, treated with the medicine of the present invention.
对照组：131只，用市售中兽药兔杆清治疗。Control group: 131 rats, treated with commercially available Chinese veterinary drug Tuganqing.
试验组步骤如下：The steps of the test group are as follows:
①称药：每只兔每天用药2g，共称取262g本发明药物倒入瓷缸内。1. Weighing the medicine: each rabbit takes 2g of medicine every day, takes 262g of the medicine of the present invention and pours it into the porcelain jar altogether.
②浸药：往缸内加沸水2620g，加盖浸焖60分钟。② Soak medicine: add 2620g of boiling water to the vat, cover and soak for 60 minutes.
③加药：待药汁温度降至20-25℃时，加入262g葡萄糖和0.524gVc原粉，搅拌均匀。③ Dosing: When the temperature of the medicine juice drops to 20-25°C, add 262g of glucose and 0.524g of Vc powder, and stir evenly.
④投服：同实施例1。4. Throwing clothes: with embodiment 1.
⑤疗程：连续用药5天。⑤Course of treatment: continuous medication for 5 days.
对照组：称取兔杆清262g，每只兔用量同试验组，直接拌精饲料投服，连续用药5天。Control group: Weigh 262g of Rabbit Ganqing, the dosage for each rabbit is the same as that of the test group, directly mixed with concentrated feed and administered for 5 consecutive days.
试验结果列于下表 单位：只.％The test results are listed in the table below Unit: only.%
结果表明：试验组比对照组的治愈率高出8.47个百分点。The results showed that the cure rate of the experimental group was 8.47 percentage points higher than that of the control group.
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Citations (10)
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