CN106993715B - A kind of feed for preventing and treating white feces of prawns - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for preventing and treating white feces of prawns, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of fish meal; 10-30 parts of animal feed except fish meal; 25-50 parts of plant feed except bran; 4-10 parts of grease; 0.2-1 part of compound vitamin; 2-5 parts of compound mineral; 1 part of other additives such as chitosan and the like; and 0.5-1 part of taurine or cholesterol, or 0.2-0.8 part of bile acid, or 0.5-1 part of a mixture of taurine, cholesterol and bile acid. The feed of the invention improves the proportion of animal feed raw materials, controls the proportion of plant feed raw materials, and particularly controls the dosage of raw materials rich in soluble non-starch polysaccharide; supplement bile acid, taurine and cholesterol, thereby inhibiting the signal path of the liver for starting and synthesizing the bile acid, helping fat absorption and obtaining good effect in preventing and treating the white feces of the prawns.

Description

A kind of feed for preventing and treating white feces of prawns

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of shrimp feed, and in particular relates to a feed for preventing and treating white stool of prawns.

Background technique

Whiteness refers to the symptoms of white shrimp excrement (such as cotton thread). The white stool is sticky, floats on the water surface, gathers in large quantities and emits foul odor. In the initial stage, the prawns eat normally, but as the disease worsens, the food is slow or even no food is eaten. Or the shrimp body is weak (separation of shell and meat), and accompanied by swimming in the pond and "stealing to death", the disease has directly or indirectly become the number one killer of the shrimp industry. The causes of the disease are generally believed to have the following points: (1) The seedling problem, the shrimp seedlings put in are of poor species, the body is poor, the structure and function of the hepatopancreas are not sound, or the "white stool" is found during the breeding process. "In the early stage, the abuse of antibiotics and more irritating drugs that damage the liver and pancreas directly led to the disease of the shrimp; (2) bacterial infection, through the dissection of the diseased shrimp, it was found that Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the liver and pancreas and intestinal tract , Vibrio harveii, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus and other pathogenic bacteria seriously exceed the standard. After the shrimp is infected, Vibrio rapidly proliferates in its body and produces toxins to cause disease; (3) algal toxin poisoning, the aquaculture water is rich in Nutritionalization and algal blooms caused by sudden changes in climate or improper human management lead to a large accumulation of algal toxins. Algal toxins mainly include red algal toxins and cyanobacterial toxins. The former will have toxic and inhibitory effects on the nervous system and respiratory system of fish and shrimp, causing The prawns die, and the latter will be released into the water with the cell senescence, death and rupture of the cyanobacteria. After being ingested by the prawns, the structure of the liver cells will be destroyed and remain in the stomach, resulting in lesions of the hepatopancreas and stomach; (4) the deterioration of water quality, Penaeus vannamei is a benthic animal. In the middle and lower water bodies where they live, due to the accumulation of residual bait, feces, dead algae and the abuse of flocculating bottom modification and other factors, the water quality of this layer, the substrate heat, odor, pantothenic acid, biological And chemical oxygen consumption is large, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic substances are seriously exceeding the standard, becoming a breeding ground for protozoa, bacteria, and viruses, becoming a veritable "poison layer". If the "poison layer" is not eliminated in time, it will Increase the burden on the liver and pancreas, corrode the intestinal mucosa, and eventually lead to "white stool", often accompanied by symptoms such as black gills, yellow gills, rotten gills, rotten eyes, red whiskers, red tails, rotten tails, broken whiskers, and white turbidity; ( 5) Due to low-quality raw materials and improper storage methods, the mycotoxins in the feed are often exceeded, and the long-term consumption of moldy feed will cause liver cell necrosis, liver and pancreas detoxification and digestive dysfunction, resulting in intestinal mucosa and blood cells necrosis , These side effects in turn lead to slow growth of shrimp, poor feed effect, and mycotoxins to suppress the immune system of shrimp, which is easy to induce large-scale diseases.

However, after research, we found that although the above reasons can cause disease or even death, they are not the direct cause of the "white stool" of shrimp. The direct reason for inducing "white stool" in shrimp is unreasonable feed formula. In our study, we found that high levels of feed ingredients rich in soluble non-starch polysaccharides induced the symptoms of "white stool" in shrimp.

The success and sustainability of aquaculture depends on minimizing farming costs, and in intensive farming, feed costs often account for 60-70% of the total farming costs. Therefore, how to minimize the cost of feed becomes the key to reducing the cost of breeding. As the main feed protein source, fish meal is not only expensive, but also has limited resources. The development of new feed raw materials has become a primary issue for the development of aquaculture. Plant-based feed raw materials are fish meal due to their high yield, low price and wide range of sources. important substitute. Especially in my country, the amount of fishmeal in common fish feeds is often only about 10%, and some feeds even do not use fishmeal at all. The amount of fishmeal in carnivorous fish and shrimp feeds is relatively high, but generally does not exceed 30%. The main basis for replacing fish meal with plant-based protein feed is the price of raw materials and the growth rate, and the breeding period of the substitution experiment is often short, and the breeding period of many experiments is only 8 weeks, and the growth rate of the farmed animals under laboratory conditions is slow, so some Adverse reactions were not observed. In our research, we found that excessive plant-based feed ingredients can induce the phenomenon of "white stool". Further research found that soluble non-starch polysaccharides in plant-based feed ingredients were the culprit in inducing "white stools". The interfering effect of soluble non-starch polysaccharides on the reabsorption of taurine and other substances induces excessive secretion of the liver, and the function is lost in severe cases, so it cannot secrete taurine and other substances to emulsify fat, and the digestibility of fat is extremely low, making the feces "white stools". ” floated on the water. In recent years, the proportion of replacing fish meal with plant-based feed ingredients has been increasing, and the phenomenon of "white stool" in shrimp has become more and more serious, resulting in heavy losses in aquaculture production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed that can prevent and treat white feces of prawns, and the "parts" described in the present invention are all based on the same weight unit.

The feed for preventing and treating white feces of prawns of the present invention, by weight, comprises:

30-40 servings of fish meal;

10-30 servings of animal feeds except fish meal;

25-50 servings of vegetable feeds except bran;

4-10 servings of fats and oils (oils and fats come from animals or plants, but the classification of feed raw materials is not subordinate to vegetable feed raw materials or animal feed raw materials);

0.2-1 serving of multivitamins;

2-5 servings of complex minerals; and

0.5-1 part of taurine or cholesterol, or 0.2-0.8 part of bile acid, or 0.5-1 part of a mixture of taurine, cholesterol and bile acid.

Further, the feed also includes one or more of food attractants, adhesives, husks and digestive enzymes, and the total amount thereof is 0.2-1 part.

Further, the vegetable feed includes oil meal and starch. Among them, the amount of oil meal is 15-40 parts; the amount of starch is 10-18 parts.

Further, the oil meal is two or more of rapeseed meal, soybean meal, cotton meal, peanut meal and the like.

Further, the starch is derived from one or more of flour, corn, wheat, cassava, and potatoes.

Further, the animal feed includes two or more of meat and bone meal, meat meal, shrimp head meal, blood cell meal and squid paste.

Further, the fish meal is 25-35 parts by weight.

Further, by weight, 12-18 parts of animal feed except fish meal.

Further, by weight, 35-45 parts of vegetable feed except bran.

Further, the complex vitamins include vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin _B6 , vitamin _B12 , niacin, folic _acid , calcium pantothenate, inositol, biotin, vitamin C, vitamin _A , vitamin D, vitamin E, Vitamin K and choline. Among them, the multivitamins were purchased from Wuxi Sanzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the dosage forms of 0.2-1% were acceptable.

Further, the complex minerals include NaH ₂ PO ₄ , KH ₂ PO ₄ , Ca(H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ .2H ₂ O, CaCO ₃ , KCl, MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, AlCl ₃ .6H ₂ O , ZnSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O, MnSO ₄ ·4-6H ₂ O, KI, CuCl ₂ , CoCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O, calcium lactate and iron citrate. Among them, the compound minerals were purchased from Wuxi Sanzhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the dosage form of 2-5% can be used.

In the present invention, the feed formula is preferably:

(1) 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of animal feed (including 6 parts of meat and bone meal, 1 part of shrimp head meal, and 3 parts of squid paste), 50 parts of vegetable feed (including 14 parts of flour, 21 parts of soybean meal, and 10 parts of rapeseed meal) , 5 parts of peanut meal), 5 parts of oils and fats, 1 part of multivitamins, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 parts of bile acids, 0.5 parts of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 parts of shelling element, 0.3 part of binder) part, 0.5 part of digestive enzymes).

(2) 35 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of animal feed (including 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2 parts of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste), 40 parts of vegetable feed (including 14 parts of flour, 16 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of rapeseed meal) , 4 parts of peanut meal), 5 parts of oil, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 part of hulling element, 0.3 part of binder) , digestive enzymes 0.5).

(3) 40 parts of fish meal, 20 parts of animal feed (including 14 parts of meat and bone meal, 3 parts of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste), 25 parts of vegetable feed (including 12 parts of tapioca starch, 8 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal) parts), 10 parts of fat, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 part of hulling element, 0.3 part of binder, 0.5 part of digestive enzyme) ).

By means of the above scheme, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

In the feed for preventing and controlling the white stool of prawns, the dosage of animal feed raw materials is increased, the dosage of vegetable feed raw materials is controlled, and the bran feed raw materials containing high non-starch polysaccharides are prohibited, so that the content of non-starch polysaccharides in the feed is reduced to At a safe level, taurine or its equivalents are added at the same time to block the shrimp hepatopancreas from receiving the wrong signal to initiate the synthesis of bile components induced by the decline of taurine recovered from the intestine, maintain the normal function of the hepatopancreas, and ensure Feed fat is digested and absorbed normally, so there is no "white stool" phenomenon.

The feed can be used for prevention and treatment. The feed should be replaced at the early stage of the phenomenon of "white stool" in shrimp, and oxygenation should be strengthened at the same time, so that the breeding animals in a state of antifeeding can eat the feed and reduce the probability of pathogen infection; the prevention and treatment of the present invention The shrimp white stool feed can also be used in the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary syndrome in fish such as crucian carp, grass carp, sea bass, herring, bream, and has achieved good results.

The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, and to implement according to the content of the description, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of animal feed (including 6 parts of meat and bone meal, 1 part of shrimp head meal, and 3 parts of squid paste), and 50 parts of vegetable feed (including 14 parts of flour, 21 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, peanuts 5 parts of meal), 5 parts of oil, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 part of hulling element, 0.3 part of binder, digestion 0.5 part of enzyme), stir and mix, and obtain the feed for preventing white stool of shrimp after granulation.

Taking Penaeus vannamei as a test example, use the above feed for 1-2 days every 7-10 days, or feed this feed every other week. (including night) dissolved oxygen above 4.5mg/L.

Effect: It can prevent the "white stool" disease of Penaeus vannamei, make the shrimp grow faster, and shorten the breeding cycle by about 1 week in southern Jiangsu, without the phenomenon of "white stool" and "stealing death".

Example 2

35 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of animal feed (including 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2 parts of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste), and 40 parts of vegetable feed (including 14 parts of flour, 16 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of rapeseed meal, peanuts 4 parts of meal), 5 parts of oil, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 part of hulling element, 0.3 part of binder, digestion Enzyme 0.5) stirring and mixing, and the feed for preventing and treating white stool of shrimp is obtained after granulation.

Take the early stage of "white stool" of Penaeus vannamei as a test example, use it continuously for more than 1 week or until it is cured, and the feeding amount is suitable for satiety; during the treatment period, artificial oxygenation is strengthened to ensure the dissolved oxygen at the bottom of the pool all day (including night). Above 4.5mg/L.

Effect: The symptoms of "white stool" basically disappeared within a week, and normal food intake was resumed.

Example 3

40 portions of fish meal, 20 portions of animal feed (including 14 portions of meat and bone meal, 3 portions of shrimp head meal, and 3 portions of squid paste), and 25 portions of vegetable feed (including 12 portions of tapioca starch, 8 portions of soybean meal, and 5 portions of rapeseed meal) , 10 parts of fat, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 1 part of other ingredients (including 0.2 part of hulling element, 0.3 part of binder, 0.5 part of digestive enzyme) After mixing and granulating, the feed for treating white stool of prawns is obtained.

Take Penaeus vannamei with severe "white stool" as a test case, use it continuously for more than 1 week or until it is cured, and the feeding amount is suitable for full food; during the treatment period, artificial oxygenation is strengthened to ensure that the bottom of the pool is all day (including night) The dissolved oxygen is above 4.5mg/L.

Effect: The symptoms of "white stool" basically disappeared within a week, and normal food intake was resumed.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a feed for preventing white stools from shrimp, is characterized in that, by weight, by weight, by 30 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of meat and bone meal, 1 part of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste, 14 parts of flour, 21 parts of soybean meal, rapeseed meal 10 parts, 5 parts peanut meal, 5 parts oil, 1 part multivitamin, 2 parts complex minerals, 0.5 part bile acid, 0.5 part taurine, 0.2 part husk, 0.3 part adhesive, 0.5 part digestive enzyme , stir and mix well, and obtain the feed for preventing white stool of prawns after granulation. 2. a feed for preventing and treating white stools from shrimp, is characterized in that, by weight, 35 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of meat and bone meal, 2 parts of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste, 14 parts of flour, 16 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of rapeseed meal, 4 parts of peanut meal, 5 parts of oil, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 0.2 part of husk, 0.3 part of adhesive, digestive enzymes 0.5 part, stir and mix well, and obtain the feed for preventing and treating white stool of prawns after granulation. 3. a feed for the treatment of prawn white stool is characterized in that, by weight, 40 parts of fish meal, 14 parts of meat and bone meal, 3 parts of shrimp head meal, 3 parts of squid paste, 12 parts of tapioca starch, 8 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of meal, 10 parts of oil, 1 part of multivitamin, 2 parts of complex minerals, 0.5 part of bile acid, 0.5 part of taurine, 0.2 part of husk, 0.3 part of binder, 0.5 part of digestive enzyme, stir and mix well , after granulation, the feed for treating white stool of prawns is obtained.