CN106961891B - Quantitative feeding device for seed and fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantitative feeding device for planting and fertilizer, which includes a detachable feeding device housing, and is characterized in that: a feeding mechanism and a filling adjustment mechanism are arranged inside the detachable feeding device housing, and the The feeding mechanism is composed of a hole wheel, an empty wheel, a partition and a drive shaft, the hole wheel and the hole wheel and the hole wheel and the empty wheel are separated by a partition, and the filling The adjustment mechanism includes a filling adjustment plate, which is fixed and obliquely installed above the feeding mechanism, and a cover plate and a feeding box are installed on the upper end of the housing of the detachable feeding device, and the feeding box The bottom is equipped with an arch breaking mechanism. The structure design of the invention is reasonable, and the combination of the oblique sawtooth hole wheel in the feeding mechanism and the "Z" arch breaking mechanism of the arch breaking mechanism can better realize the dual-purpose feeding of seeds such as wheat and rapeseed and granular fertilizer, and simplify sowing The overall structure and manufacturing cost of the machine.

Description

Quantitative feeding device for seed and fertilizer

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery and equipment, and mainly relates to a quantitative feeding device for both seed and fertilizer.

Background technique:

With the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, the pace of industrial production of food and economic crops has been accelerated. As an important part of the sowing link, it is particularly important to develop high-quality, efficient, and versatile joint live broadcast agricultural machinery and equipment. The combined direct seeding machine can complete important processes such as fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, and sowing at one time. It has the advantages of labor and time saving, stable and high yield, cost saving and efficiency increase, among which the seeding and fertilization device is the key component of the seeder. At present, the seed fertilizer feeding devices widely used in domestic and foreign joint direct seeding machines can be divided into mechanical type and pneumatic type according to the working principle. The outer groove wheel type is widely used as a representative of mechanical seed fertilizer feeding devices. It has the advantages of simple structure and low price, and is mainly used in joint operations such as sowing and fertilization of wheat, corn, soybeans and other crops, but the uniformity of seed fertilizer supply is poor and the operation efficiency is not high; the mechanical quantitative air delivery type is used as the pneumatic type Representatives of seed fertilizer feeding devices are widely used in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. They are mostly used in field operations of bulk crops such as corn, soybeans, rice, and rapeseed. They have the advantages of high operating efficiency, good versatility, and a wide range of seeding rate adjustment. , but it mostly cooperates with the seed stirring mechanism to improve the filling performance, the structure is relatively complicated, the price is expensive, and it is not suitable for the current crop planting mode in our country.

Invention content:

The object of the present invention is to make up for the defects of the prior art, and to provide a quantitative feeding device for both seed and fertilizer, which is suitable for high-speed operation of wheat, rapeseed and other crops and granular fertilizer fields.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A quantitative feeding device for planting and fertilizer, including a detachable feeding device housing, characterized in that: a feeding mechanism and a filling adjustment mechanism are provided inside the detachable feeding device housing, and the feeding The mechanism is composed of a hole wheel, an empty filling wheel, a partition and a transmission shaft. The hole wheel and the hole wheel and the hole wheel and the filling wheel are separated by a partition. The filling adjustment mechanism includes: Filling adjustment plate, the filling adjustment plate is fixed and obliquely installed above the feeding mechanism, the upper end of the detachable feeding device housing is equipped with a cover plate and a feeding box, and the bottom of the feeding box is installed Broken Arch Mechanism.

The detachable feeding device casing is composed of front, rear, left, right and bottom casings connected by screws, and the front and rear parts are equipped with feeding mechanism support components.

The blank filling wheel is a blank round wheel without a hole, which is assembled with the hole wheel and the partition and installed on the transmission shaft. , The protruding end is equipped with a feeding transmission sprocket drive.

The shaped hole wheel is composed of a shaped hole, a stirring tooth and a support body. The cross-sectional shape of the stirring tooth is obliquely zigzag and arranged in a double helix, and the inner space between two adjacent stirring teeth is a shape hole, the oblique sawtooth-shaped seed stirring teeth, the type hole and the support body form an oblique zigzag hole wheel.

The hole structure parameters of the oblique zigzag hole wheel include length, opening, depth and inclination, the length L _k = 4 ~ 10mm, the opening B _k = 2 ~ 6mm, the depth h _k = 3 ~ 5mm, the inclination θ _k =10°～30°.

The filling adjustment mechanism also includes a fixed rotating shaft with threads at both ends and a wing nut, the fixed rotating shaft with threads at both ends passes through the hole opened by the filling adjustment plate, and is threaded through the wing nut Consolidate the filling adjustment plate with the housing of the detachable feeder.

The upper part of the cross-section of the filling adjustment plate is linear, the lower part is semicircular, and the acute angle between it and the vertical plane is θ _b = 20° ~ 40°, and the distance between it and the oblique saw-tooth-shaped hole wheel in the feeding mechanism below is equal to 1 ~2 times the average particle size of seeds or granular fertilizers, that is, B _w =1~2 b .

The arch-breaking mechanism is composed of a support shaft, an arch-breaking tooth, an end shaft, a pin and a cotter pin. The arch-breaking tooth is fixed on the support shaft, and the end shaft and the support shaft are connected by a pin. The cross-section of the support shaft is Square, the shape of the arch-breaking teeth is "Z" shape, the cross-sectional shape of the arch-breaking teeth is circular, the two adjacent arch-breaking teeth are arranged at right angles, and the two arch-breaking teeth are arranged symmetrically.

The structural parameters of the "Z" arch-breaking teeth include tooth length, tooth _{diameter, tooth inclination and tooth spacing, the tooth length lc is 10-30mm, the tooth diameter dc} is 3-8mm , and the tooth inclination angle θc _is 10 ～15°, tooth spacing B _c =1～2 l _c .

The housing of the feeding device, the feeding mechanism and the filling adjustment mechanism together form a filling area, and the oblique sawtooth-shaped stirring teeth arranged in a double helix staggered to stir and separate the seed fertilizer community in the filling chamber, and the flowing seed fertilizer is easy to enter. The hole, which cooperates with the filling adjustment mechanism is an important means to ensure that the hole is quantitatively filled with seed fertilizer. In order to cooperate with the high-speed operation of the field, it can be realized by increasing the number of oblique saw-tooth hole wheels or increasing the speed of the feeding mechanism.

The advantages of the present invention are:

1. The oblique zigzag seed stirring teeth arranged in a double helix have a significant stirring and separation effect on the seed fertilizer community in the seed filling chamber, which is helpful for the porosity to take seeds and granular fertilizers; at the same time, the structural design eliminates the need for The stirring mechanism simplifies the structure of the feeding device.

2. The arch-breaking teeth in the shape of "Z", two adjacent arch-breaking teeth are arranged at right angles, and two arch-breaking teeth are arranged symmetrically, which can effectively break the arch of seeds and granular fertilizers with poor fluidity and easy arching effect.

3. The combination of oblique sawtooth hole wheel and "Z" arch breaking mechanism can better realize the dual-purpose feeding of seeds with different particle sizes and granular fertilizer, and simplify the overall structure and manufacturing cost of the seeder.

4. Control the distance between the oblique saw-tooth hole wheel and the filling adjustment mechanism to ensure that the seed fertilizer is taken from the quantitative capsule of the hole; in order to meet the actual field conditions, the amount of seeding can be realized by increasing or decreasing the number of oblique saw-tooth hole wheels quantitative control.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an axonometric view of FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3 is the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the hole wheel of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 4 .

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the arch breaking mechanism of the present invention.

Detailed ways:

See attached picture.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: a quantitative feeding device for planting and fertilizer, including a detachable feeding device housing, a feeding mechanism 9 and a filling adjustment mechanism are arranged inside the detachable feeding device housing, and the feeding device Mechanism 9 is made up of hole wheel 9c, empty wheel 9d, dividing plate 9b and transmission shaft 9a, described hole wheel 9c and hole wheel 9c, hole wheel 9c and empty wheel 9d are all separated by dividing plate 9b. Open, the filling adjustment mechanism includes a filling adjustment plate 11, the filling adjustment plate 11 is fixed and obliquely installed above the feeding mechanism 9, and a cover plate 10 and a cover plate 10 are installed on the upper end of the detachable feeding device housing. A material supply box 1, an arch breaking mechanism 2 is installed at the bottom of the material supply box 1.

The detachable feeding device housing is composed of a front housing 3, a rear housing 4, a left housing 5, a right housing 8 and a bottom housing 7. The feeding mechanism A discharge plate 6 is installed at the lower end of the left housing above the corresponding bottom housing.

The supporting assembly of the feeding mechanism is composed of a supporting shell 14, a bearing 15 and a bearing end cover 16. The supporting shell 14 is respectively connected with the front shell 3 and the rear shell 4 by screws, and the bearing 15 is placed on the supporting shell. Inside the body 14, the bearing end cover 16 is connected with the supporting shell 14 by screws.

The empty filling wheel 9d is a blank round wheel without a hole, which can replace the empty filling wheel quantity according to the quantitative feeding requirements.

The feeding mechanism 9 described in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is arranged on the front housing 3, the rear housing 4, the left housing 5 and the right housing 8 by the bearing 15 placed inside the supporting housing 14. In the detachable feeding device casing composed of the bottom casing 7, a feeding transmission sprocket 17 and an arch-breaking driving sprocket 13b are installed at one end of the transmission shaft 9a.

As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the hole wheel 9c is composed of a hole 9c-2, a stirring tooth 9c-1 and a support body 9c-3, and the shape of the cross section of the stirring tooth 9c-1 is It is oblique zigzag, and the area between two adjacent stirring teeth 9c-1 is a type hole 9c-2. The structural parameters of the hole 9c-2 of the oblique sawtooth hole wheel 9c include length L _k , opening B _k , depth h _k and inclination θ _k , in order to improve the general range of seeds and granular fertilizers and ensure that they meet the requirements of agronomy To realize quantitative feeding, the length of the type hole L _k = 4-10 mm, the opening degree B _k = 2-6 mm, the depth h _k = 3-5 mm, and the inclination angle θ _k = 10°-30°.

As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 5, the oblique sawtooth-shaped stirring teeth 9c-1 of the hole wheel 9c are arranged in a double-helix staggered manner, and are jointly formed by the feeding device housing, the feeding mechanism 9 and the filling adjustment plate 11. The seed fertilizer community forming the filling area has a significant agitation and separation effect, which can improve the flow characteristics of the seed fertilizer and help to improve the filling performance of the hole 9c-2.

As shown in Figure 2, the upper part of the cross-section of the filling adjustment plate 11 is linear and the lower part is semicircular, which helps to prevent the seeds from being forced to be dragged from being damaged; the acute angle θ _b between it and the vertical plane = 20° to 40° , and the distance between the oblique zigzag hole wheel 9c is equal to 1 to 2 times the average particle size of the seed fertilizer, that is, B _w =1 to 2 b , which is beneficial to the hole quantitative capsule to take the seed fertilizer and realize quantitative feeding.

As shown in Figure 6, the arch breaking mechanism 2 is composed of a support shaft 2e, an arch breaking tooth 2d, an end shaft 2a, an end shaft 2f, a pin 2b and a cotter pin 2c, and the arch breaking tooth 2d is fixed on the support shaft 2e , The end shaft 2a and the end shaft 2f are connected with the support shaft by a pin 2b and locked by a cotter pin 2c. The cross-section of the support shaft 2e is square, and its purpose is to play a partial arch-breaking effect; the arch-breaking tooth 2d is in the shape of a "Z", the cross-section shape of the arch-breaking tooth is circular, and two adjacent arch-breaking teeth 2d are arranged at right angles, and two arch-breaking teeth 2d are arranged symmetrically. Its purpose is to effectively break the arch of seeds and granular fertilizers that have poor fluidity and are easy to arch.

The structural parameters of the above-mentioned "Z" arch-breaking teeth include tooth length, tooth diameter, tooth inclination and tooth spacing. In order to improve the arch-breaking ability and eliminate the damage of seeds and granular fertilizers in the arch-breaking link, the tooth length lc _is 10-30mm , the tooth diameter d _c is 3 ~ 8mm, the tooth inclination angle θ _c is 10 ~ 15°, and the tooth spacing B _c =1 ~ 2 l _c .

Working process of the present invention is:

The seeds or granular fertilizer in the feeding box 1 flow into the filling area jointly formed by the feeding device housing, the feeding mechanism 9 and the filling adjustment plate 11 through the arch breaking mechanism 2 under the action of gravity, and the power source drives the feeding drive sprocket 17 and drives the feeding mechanism 9 to rotate, the arch-breaking drive sprocket 13b drives the arch-breaking drive sprocket 13a to rotate, the arch-breaking drive sprocket 13a drives the arch-breaking mechanism to work, and the oblique sawtooth stirring teeth 9c in a double helix staggered arrangement -1 Stir and separate the seed or granular fertilizer community in the filling area, combined with the control of the distance between the filling adjustment plate 11 and the feeding mechanism, realize the quantitative capsule of the hole 9c-2 to take the seed or granular fertilizer, with the feeding drive sprocket 17 Drive the feeding mechanism 9 to rotate, and the seed fertilizer is discharged from the feeding port under the joint action of gravity and centrifugal force, completing the feeding process. After the operation was completed, the seed unloading plate 6 was opened, and the remaining seeds or granular fertilizer in the feed box 1 were unloaded.

Claims (4)

1. A dual-purpose quantitative feeding device for planting and fertilizer, comprising a detachable feeding device housing, characterized in that: a feeding mechanism and a filling adjustment mechanism are provided inside the detachable feeding device housing, and the described The feeding mechanism is composed of a hole wheel, an empty filling wheel, a partition and a transmission shaft. The hole wheel is separated from the hole wheel and the hole wheel and the filling wheel are separated by a partition. It includes a filling adjustment plate, the filling adjustment plate is fixed and obliquely installed above the feeding mechanism, the upper end of the detachable feeding device housing is equipped with a cover plate and a feeding box, and the bottom of the feeding box Installed with an arch breaking mechanism; The shaped hole wheel is composed of a shaped hole, a stirring tooth and a support body. The cross-sectional shape of the stirring tooth is obliquely zigzag and arranged in a double helix, and the inner space between two adjacent stirring teeth is a shape Hole, the oblique zigzag seed stirring teeth, the hole and the support body constitute an oblique zigzag hole wheel; The hole structure parameters of the oblique zigzag hole wheel include length, opening, depth and inclination, the length L _k = 4 ~ 10mm, the opening B _k = 2 ~ 6mm, the depth h _k = 3 ~ 5mm, the inclination θ _k =10°～30°; The filling adjustment mechanism also includes a fixed rotating shaft with threads at both ends and a wing nut, the fixed rotating shaft with threads at both ends passes through the hole opened by the filling adjustment plate, and is threaded through the wing nut Consolidate the filling adjustment plate with the housing of the detachable feeding device; The arch-breaking mechanism is composed of a support shaft, an arch-breaking tooth, an end shaft, a pin and a cotter pin. The arch-breaking tooth is fixed on the support shaft, and the end shaft and the support shaft are connected by a pin. The cross-section of the support shaft is Square, the shape of the broken arch tooth is "Z" shape, the two adjacent broken arch teeth are arranged at right angles, and the two separated arch broken teeth are symmetrically arranged; The structural parameters of the "Z" arch-breaking teeth include tooth length, tooth _{diameter, tooth inclination and tooth spacing, the tooth length lc is 10-30mm, the tooth diameter dc} is 3-8mm , and the tooth inclination angle θc _is 10 °～15°, tooth spacing B _c =1～2 l _c . 2. The quantitative feeding device for both seed and fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the housing of the detachable feeding device is composed of front, rear, left, right and bottom housings connected by screws, Its front and rear parts are equipped with feeding mechanism support components. 3. The dual-purpose quantitative feeding device for seed and fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the empty filling wheel is a blank round wheel without a hole, which is assembled with the hole wheel and the separator and installed on the transmission On the shaft, the transmission shaft is rotatably installed in the housing of the detachable feeding device and one end protrudes, and the protruding end is driven by a feeding drive sprocket. 4. The quantitative feeding device for both seed and fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the section of the filling regulating plate is linear, the lower part is semicircular, and the acute angle between it and the vertical plane is θ _b = 20°～40°, the distance between it and the oblique sawtooth hole wheel in the feeding mechanism below is equal to 1～2 times the average particle size of seeds or granular fertilizer, that is, B _w =1～2 b .

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