CN107509427A - A quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device - Google Patents

Abstract

Fertilizer device, including left support plate, front end panel, right support plate, rear bearing sheet and second support base etc. are quantitatively concentrated the invention discloses a kind of.The present invention unloads fertile mouth using entering fertile entrance and one, convenient dress fertilizer and unloads fertilizer, easy to operate；The fertilizer total amount supply mode of use, has simplified transmission system and complete machine structure, easy to operate.

Description

A quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop fertilization equipment, in particular to a quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device.

Background technique

Fertilization is an important means to ensure the source of food nutrients. In recent years, the increase in unit yield of different crops is closely related to the application of chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers have brought inestimable effects on increasing the production and income of food and economic crops. China's chemical fertilizer production and application rate ranks first in the world, but the fertilizer utilization rate is low, resulting in a large amount of nutrient waste, and also pollutes the soil, water, air and the environment, causing soil compaction, water quality rich in oxygen, and the environment. pollution etc. For this reason, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China has proposed an agricultural development policy of "one control and two reductions", especially pointing out that the amount of fertilizer application should be reduced. In order to ensure stable and high yields of food and commercial crops without overly relying on the amount of fertilizer applied, improving fertilizer use efficiency has become an important way to stabilize production, save costs and increase efficiency.

Existing planters mainly use a single fertilizer discharge device with one device and one row for fertilizer discharge, and most of them are outer groove wheel type fertilizer dischargers. There are mainly problems of inconsistent and uneven fertilizer discharge in each row, and serious pulsation. Rapeseed, rice, corn and other crops need to be fertilized according to agronomic requirements, but the amount of fertilizer applied to different crops is inconsistent. In order to improve the versatility of the fertilization device and the utilization rate of the machine tool, thereby reducing the production cost; this requires the fertilization device to have a large amount of fertilizer Adjustment range, the general range of basal fertilizer application is 20.0-40.0kg/mu. The existing single external grooved wheel fertilizer discharge device adopts a fertilizer discharge method of one device and one row, which not only deviates from the consistency of the discharge volume of each row, but also is inconvenient to adjust, and the cost is high; the centralized fertilizer discharge method can use one fertilizer discharge device to quantify Supplying multiple rows of fertilizers can significantly improve the efficiency of fertilizer discharge, reduce production costs, and solve the problem of precise fertilizer supply.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device suitable for precise fertilization of multiple crops such as rapeseed, rice and corn in order to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages.

A quantitative concentrated fertilizer supply device, comprising a left support plate 1, a front support plate 2, a right support plate 3, a rear support plate 10 and a second support seat 13; the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 are arranged in parallel, so The front support plate 2 and the rear support plate 10 are respectively installed between the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3; the bottom of the space formed by the left support plate 1, the right support plate 3 and the rear support plate 10 is provided with a bottom support seat 8. Between the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3, there is an intermediate partition 4 and a fertilizer unloading plate 7, and the intermediate partition 4 is located above the fertilizer unloading plate 7; the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 are provided with a first installation hole 1a, a second installation hole 1b, a third installation hole 1c and a fourth installation hole 1d, the fertilizer unloading plate 7 crosses the first installation hole 1a, and the fertilizer unloading plate 7 passes through Through the first installation hole 1a of the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3; the middle partition plate 4 passes through the third installation hole 1c on the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3; also includes a retaining ring 61, The first sprocket 62, the second sprocket 63, the first shaft 64, the first wheel 66, the second shaft 51, the first stick 52, the first mount 53 and the third sprocket 54, the retaining ring 61, The first sprocket 62 and the second sprocket 63 are mounted on one end of the first shaft 64, the first sprocket 62 is located between the retaining ring 61 and the second sprocket 63, and the other end of the first shaft 64 passes through Through the first wheel 66, the two ends of the first wheel 66 are respectively provided with baffles 67, and the outer sides of the two outermost baffles 67 are equipped with end plates 68; the outer sides of the end plates 68 are equipped with A shaft end retaining ring 65; the first rod 52 is welded on the second shaft 51, and the second shaft 51 is installed in the first installation seat 53; the first installation seat 53 is fixed on the fourth installation hole 1d , the third sprocket 54 is fixed on the second shaft 51 for driving the second shaft 51 and the first stick 52 to rotate synchronously; the second support seat 13 is installed on the second mounting hole 1b, and the first The shaft 64 is installed in the second support seat 13, the first shaft 64 is located directly above the second shaft 51, the retaining ring 61, the first sprocket 62 and the second sprocket 63 are located outside the right support plate 3, so The shaft end retaining ring 65, the first wheel 66, the baffle plate 67 and the end plate 68 are located inside the right support plate 3, the third sprocket 54 is located outside the right support plate 3, and the first stick 52 is located on the right support plate 3 inside.

Further, the first wheel 66 includes a hexagonal hole 661, a spiral slot 662 and a spiral wall 663, the first shaft 64 is a hexagonal shaft, and the center of the first wheel 66 is a hexagonal hole 661 for passing through The first shaft 64 cooperates with the hexagonal shaft structure of the first shaft 64; the surface of the first wheel 66 is evenly distributed with 6 helical slots 662, and the helical slots 662 are helical; the 2 helical slots The holes 662 are separated by spiral wall surfaces 663, and the number of the spiral wall surfaces 663 is 6; the spiral wall surfaces 663 are divided into spiral wall surfaces A664 and spiral wall surfaces B665, and the inclination angle α of the spiral wall surfaces A664 is 10° , the inclination angle β of the spiral wall B665 is 30°; the spiral wall A664 and the spiral wall B665 make the cross section of the spiral slot 662 in an inclined scoop shape.

Further, the number of the first round 66 is 1-4.

Further, the first round 66 is a cylinder with a spiral slot, when the number of the first round 66 is 2 to 4, at least one first round 66 is reserved, and the remaining number of first rounds 66 can replace with column wheel 69, and described column wheel 69 is smooth cylinder.

Further, the first rod 52 is welded on the second shaft 51 in a double helix shape.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention adopts a fertilizer inlet and a fertilizer unloading port, which is convenient for loading and unloading fertilizer, and is easy to operate; the total amount of fertilizer supply method adopted simplifies the transmission system and the structure of the whole machine, and is easy to operate.

2. The present invention adopts a spiral slot structure, which reduces the discontinuous pulsation phenomenon in fertilizer discharge, and realizes continuous and uniform fertilizer discharge; the spiral slot hole in the shape of an inclined scoop is conducive to the entry and discharge of fertilizer into the slot hole and prevents Slot is clogged.

3. The invention adopts the replacement of the helical fertilizer discharge wheel and the cylindrical wheel to realize a wide range of fertilizer discharge adjustment; the hexagonal shaft is used to radially position the helical fertilizer discharge wheel and the cylindrical wheel, the structure is simple, and the helical fertilizer discharge wheel is convenient to replace.

4. The present invention adopts modular design, and the whole is connected by bolts, with simple structure, convenient adjustment, installation and disassembly, and reliable operation.

5. The fertilizer supply amount of the present invention has a large adjustment range, and can be applied to different fertilizer application requirements of various crops such as rapeseed, rice, and corn, and can realize comprehensive utilization to reduce production costs, and has high work efficiency.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the side structure of FIG. 1 .

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the left support plate.

Fig. 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a front view of Fig. 7 .

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Embodiment: A quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device of the present invention includes a left support plate 1, a front support plate 2, a right support plate 3, a middle partition 4, a fertilizer mixing mechanism 5, a spiral combination mechanism 6, and a fertilizer unloading plate 7 , Bottom support seat 8, fertilizer filling area 9, rear support plate 10, fertilizer discharge port 11, fertilizer unloading area 12 and second support seat 13. The left support plate 1, the front support plate 2, the right support plate 3, the middle partition 4, the fertilizer unloading plate 7, the bottom support base 8, the rear support plate 10 and the second support base 13 form the outer casing of the fertilizer supply device. The left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 are installed in parallel, the front support plate 2 and the rear support plate 10 are installed between the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3, the left support plate 1, the right support plate Plate 3, front support plate 2 and rear support plate 10 form the skeleton of the outer casing of the fertilizer supply device. A bottom support seat 8 is installed at the bottom between the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 . The lower left side of the spiral combination mechanism 6 cooperates with the bottom support seat 8 to enter the transition area after fertilizer discharge; the rear part of the spiral combination mechanism 6 cooperates with the rear support plate 10 to form a protection area filled with fertilizer.

The left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 are provided with a first mounting hole 1a, a second mounting hole 1b, a third mounting hole 1c and a fourth mounting hole 1d, and the fertilizer unloading plate 7 traverses the first mounting hole 1b. hole 1a, the first mounting hole 1a of the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 through which the fertilizer unloading plate 7 passes forms a closed space; when fertilizer unloading is required, the fertilizer unloading plate 7 is pulled out Unloadable fat. A second support seat 13 is installed on the second installation hole 1 b for supporting the helical combination mechanism 6 . The middle partition 4 passes through the third installation hole 1c on the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3, and the middle partition 4 is used to block a large amount of accumulation of fertilizers to prevent the fertilizer from sticking. The fat stirring mechanism 5 is installed in the fourth installation hole 1d on the left support plate 1 and the right support plate 3 .

The helical combination mechanism 6 includes a retaining ring 61, a first sprocket 62, a second sprocket 63, a first shaft 64, a shaft end retaining ring 65, a first wheel 66, a baffle plate 67, and an end plate 68. The first sprocket 62 and the second sprocket 63 are installed on one end of the first shaft 64, and the axial positioning is completed by the retaining ring 61. The first sprocket 62 receives the force transmitted from the outside and drives the second sprocket 63 and the second sprocket 63. Other components on the helical combination mechanism 6 rotate; the second sprocket 63 is used to drive the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 to rotate. The first shaft 64 passes through the shaft end retaining ring 65, the first wheel 66, the baffle plate 67, the end plate 68 and the column wheel 69, so that they are combined as a whole; the first shaft 64 is equipped with the first wheel 66, the baffle plate The position of plate 67, end plate 68 and cylindrical wheel 69 is a hexagonal shaft structure, and radial positioning is realized to first wheel 66, baffle plate 67, end plate 68 and cylindrical wheel 69; Described first shaft 64 is evenly distributed with 4 A first wheel 66, separated by a baffle 67 between the first wheels 66, so that the first wheel 66 is independently filled with fertilizer and discharged; the four first wheels 66 form a first wheel assembly, End plates 67 are installed at both ends of the first wheel assembly, and the end plates 67 mainly separate the first wheel assembly from the fertilizer discharge device housing to prevent the fertilizer from being broken due to friction. Adopting the first round 66 structure can ensure the continuity and uniformity of fertilizer discharge and reduce the occurrence of pulsation. The first round 66 can be replaced by a cylindrical wheel 69, the cylindrical wheel 69 has a smooth surface and does not have the functions of fertilization and fertilizer discharge; therefore, generally according to the demand for fertilizer discharge of crops, the first round 66 can be between 1 to 4 Coordinate between, what replace then is to replace with column wheel 69. On one end of the end plate 67, a shaft end retaining ring 65 is installed. The amount of fertilizer discharge is regulated by adjusting the number of the first wheel 66 and the column wheel 69 and the rotational speed of the first shaft 64 . The total number of the first round 66 and the column wheel 69 is 4, and the first round 66 and the column wheel 69 can be combined arbitrarily when adjusting the fertilization rate according to the requirements of the fertilization rate. If the fertilization rate is low, adopt 2 first Wheel 66 and 2 cylindrical wheels 69 are combined; if the fertilization amount is medium, use 3 first rounds 66 and 1 cylindrical wheel 69 to combine; if the fertilization amount is high, use 4 first rounds 66; synchronous The rotational speed of the first shaft 64 is adjusted to match the number of the first rounds 66 to achieve an optimal combination to reach the amount of fertilizer required by the crops.

The first wheel 66 includes a hexagonal hole 661, a spiral slot 662 and a spiral wall 663. The center of the first wheel 66 is a hexagonal hole 661 for passing through the first shaft 64, and the hexagonal hole 663 of the first shaft 64. The shaft structure is matched and radially positioned. The surface of the first wheel 66 is evenly distributed with 6 spiral slots 662, and the spiral slots 662 are spiral; the two spiral slots 662 are separated by a spiral wall 663, and the spiral The number of shaped wall surfaces 663 is six. The spiral wall 663 is divided into a spiral wall A664 and a spiral wall B665. In order to improve the fertilizer filling performance and fertilizer discharge performance, the spiral wall A664 is designed to have an inclination α of 10°, and the spiral wall B665 has an inclination β of 30°; The spiral wall A664 and the spiral wall B665 make the cross section of the spiral slot 662 in an inclined scoop shape, which is beneficial for the fertilizer to enter and discharge the slot.

The first shaft 64 passes through the second support base 13, and the second support base 13 provides support for the helical combination mechanism 6, so that the helical combination mechanism 6 can rotate easily.

The fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 is installed on the fourth installation hole 1d, the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 is located directly above the spiral combination mechanism 6, and the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 stirs the fertilizer so that the fertilizer does not stick and at the same time promotes the fertilizer to enter the spiral combination mechanism 6 In the spiral slot 662. The fat-stirring mechanism 5 includes a fat-stirring shaft 51, a fat-stirring stick 52, a fat-stirring mounting seat 53 and a fat-stirring sprocket 54. The fertilizer shaft 51 is supported by a fertilizer stirring mounting seat 53 . The fat-stirring installation seat 53 is fixed on the fourth installation hole 1d, the fat-stirring sprocket 54 is fixed on the fat-stirring shaft 51, and drives the fat-stirring shaft 51 and the fat-stirring stick 52 to rotate synchronously; the fat-stirring sprocket 54 cooperates with the second sprocket 63, and the second sprocket 63 drives the fat stirring sprocket 54 to rotate.

The left support plate 1, the front support plate 2, the right support plate 3, the middle partition plate 4, the spiral combination mechanism 6, the fertilizer unloading plate 7 and the bottom support seat 8 form a fertilizer unloading area 12, and the fertilizer unloading area 12 The helical slot 662 of the helical combination mechanism 6 can be partially filled with fertilizer; when it is necessary to unload fertilizer, the fertilizer unloading plate 7 will discharge the fertilizer in the fertilizer unloading area 12 . The cavity formed by the left support plate 1, the right support plate 3, the middle partition plate 4 and the rear support plate 10 is the fertilizer filling area 9, and the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 is installed in the fertilizer filling area 9; the fertilizer stirring The rotation of the mechanism 5 impels the fertilizer to be forced into the helical slot 662 of the helical combination mechanism 6, so that the helical slot 662 is filled with fertilizer. The left support plate 1, the right support plate 3, the spiral combination mechanism 6, the bottom support seat 8 and the rear support plate 10 are combined to form a fertilizer discharge port 11, and the spiral slot 662 of the spiral combination mechanism 6 enters the fertilizer discharge port. In the port 11 area, the spiral slot 662 discharges the fertilizer through the fertilizer discharge port 11.

The fertilizer in the fertilizer box enters the fertilizer filling area 9, and the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 rotates to force the fertilizer into the spiral slot 662 of the spiral combination mechanism 6, and the spiral slot 662 can be used in the fertilizer unloading area 12. . After the fertilizer in the spiral slot 662 enters the protection part, it enters the fertilizer discharge port 11 to discharge the fertilizer. The quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device only includes three processes of fertilizer filling, protection and discharge, and the fertilizer discharge link becomes less. The adoption of inclined scoop-shaped spiral slots and changing the number of spiral combination mechanisms 6 to adjust the amount of fertilization can realize variable fertilizer discharge in a large range, and can realize continuous and uniform fertilizer discharge.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows: according to the requirements of agronomic fertilization amount, the quantity of the first wheel 66 and the column wheel 69 of the spiral combination mechanism 6 is adjusted, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer box enters the fertilizer filling area 9; the first sprocket wheel 62 drives The spiral combination mechanism 6 rotates, and drives the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 to rotate simultaneously, and the fertilizer stirring mechanism 5 stirs the fertilizer so that the fertilizer is filled into the spiral slot 662, and simultaneously stirs so that the fertilizer does not arch and stick. The rotation of the first wheel 66 of the helical combination mechanism 6 transports the fertilizer to the fertilizer outlet 11 under the protection of the rear support plate 10 to discharge the fertilizer. After the fertilizer is discharged, the spiral combination mechanism 6 continues to rotate to the bottom support seat 8, and then the fertilizer unloading area 12 and the fertilizer filling area 9 are successively completed, and the fertilizer filling and discharging process is completed in a cycle. The workflow of the quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device is as follows: adjusting the quantity of the first wheel 66 and the cylindrical wheel 69——fertilizer enters the filling area—rotation of the spiral combination mechanism—rotation of the fertilizer stirring mechanism—filling of fertilizer——fertilizer Protection—fertilizer discharge—fertilizer filling—fertilizer protection—fertilizer discharge.

The specific implementation effect of the work of the present invention: the present invention solves the problems of different fertilization amounts for different crops and uneven and discontinuous fertilizer discharge, and overcomes the technical defects of poor versatility of existing fertilizer discharge devices and poor consistency of discharge in each row. By changing the number of helical combination mechanisms to 2-4 and the rotational speed to 10-50r/min, the fertilizer supply amount of the quantitative centralized fertilizer supply device is analyzed. The test object is the granular compound fertilizer produced by Hubei Sanning Chemical Co., Ltd., and the results of the number and rotation speed of the helical combination mechanism on the fertilizer application amount are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 The influence of the number and rotational speed of the helical combination mechanism on the amount of fertilizer applied (g/min)

The results in Table 1 show that the amount of fertilizer application can be significantly changed by changing the number and rotation speed of the helical combination mechanism, and the range of fertilizer application rate is 910-8990g/min, and the corresponding fertilizer amount per mu is 5-49kg/mu. The adjustment range is large, and it can meet the requirements of base fertilizer or topdressing fertilizer application rate of various crops such as rapeseed, rice, and corn. The method and implementation effect of the inclined scoop-shaped spiral slot hole of the quantitative concentrated fertilizer supply device and the method and implementation effect of changing the number of spiral combination mechanisms to adjust the fertilization amount have obvious innovation and remarkable advantages.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than limit it. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of quantitatively concentrate fertilizer device, including left support plate (1), front end panel (2), right support plate (3), rear bearing sheet And the second support base (13) (10)；The left support plate (1) and right support plate (3) be arranged in parallel, the front end panel (2) and Rear bearing sheet (10) is respectively arranged between left support plate (1) and right support plate (3)；The left support plate (1), right support plate (3) and rear bearing sheet (10) formed space bottom be provided with bottom support base (8), the left support plate (1) and right support plate (3) Between be provided with central dividing plate (4) and unload fertile plate (7), the central dividing plate (4) is positioned at unloading fertile plate (7) top；The left support plate (1) the first mounting hole (1a), the second mounting hole (1b), the 3rd mounting hole (1c) and the 4th peace and in right support plate (3) are equipped with Fill hole (1d), the fertile plate (7) that unloads crosses the first mounting hole (1a), and the fertile plate (7) that unloads passes through the left support plate (1) and the right side The first mounting hole (1a) of supporting plate (3)；The central dividing plate (4) passes through the 3rd in left support plate (1) and right support plate (3) Mounting hole (1c)；Characterized by further comprising back-up ring (61), the first sprocket wheel (62), the second sprocket wheel (63), first axle (64), first Take turns (66), the second axle (51), the first rod (52), the first mounting seat (53) and the 3rd sprocket wheel (54), the back-up ring (61), the first chain Wheel (62) and the second sprocket wheel (63) are installed on one end of first axle (64), and first sprocket wheel (62) is located at back-up ring (61) and second Between sprocket wheel (63), the other end of the first axle (64) passes through the first round (66), and the both ends of the first round (66) are set respectively There is baffle plate (67), the lateral surface of outmost two baffle plates (67) is provided with end plate (68)；The outside of the end plate (68) Shaft end ring (65) is installed；First rod (52) is welded on the second axle (51), and second axle (51) is arranged on first In mounting seat (53)；First mounting seat (53) is fixed on the 4th mounting hole (1d), and the 3rd sprocket wheel (54) is fixed on It is used to drive the second axle (51) and the first rod (52) synchronous axial system on second axle (51)；It is provided with second mounting hole (1b) Second support base (13), the first axle (64) are arranged in the second support base (13), and the first axle (64) is located at the second axle (51) directly over, the back-up ring (61), the first sprocket wheel (62) and the second sprocket wheel (63) are located on the outside of right support plate (3), the axle Terminal block circle (65), the first round (66), baffle plate (67) and end plate (68) are located on the inside of right support plate (3), the 3rd sprocket wheel (54) On the outside of right support plate (3), first rod (52) is located on the inside of right support plate (3).

2. according to claim 1 quantitatively concentrate fertilizer device, it is characterised in that the first round (66) includes hexagonal hole (661), spiral shape slotted eye (662) and spiral shape wall (663), the first axle (64) are six square shafts, the first round (66) Center is hexagonal hole (661), is coordinated for six square axle structures through first axle (64) and first axle (64)；The first round (66) surface is uniformly distributed 6 spiral shape slotted eyes (662), and the spiral shape slotted eye (662) is in the shape of a spiral；2 spiral shapes Separated between slotted eye (662) by spiral shape wall (663), spiral shape wall (663) quantity is 6；The spiral shape Wall (663) is divided into spiral shape wall A (664) and spiral shape wall B (665), and spiral shape wall A (664) inclination alpha is 10 °, spiral shell It is 30 ° to revolve shape wall B (665) angle of inclination beta；The spiral shape wall A (664) and spiral shape wall B (665) make the spiral slot The inclined wooden dipper type shape in hole (662) section.

3. it is according to claim 2 quantitatively concentrate fertilizer device, it is characterised in that the quantity of the first round (66) be 1~ 4.

4. according to claim 3 quantitatively concentrate fertilizer device, it is characterised in that the first round (66) is with spiral The cylinder of shape slotted eye, when the quantity of the first round (66) is 2~4, at least retain 1 first round (66), its remainder The first round (66) of amount can be replaced with cylinder wheel (69), and the cylinder wheel (69) is smooth cylinder.

5. according to claim 4 quantitatively concentrate fertilizer device, it is characterised in that first rod (52) is in double-helix It is welded on the second axle (51).