CN106735225A - A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum - Google Patents
A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735225A CN106735225A CN201611217467.7A CN201611217467A CN106735225A CN 106735225 A CN106735225 A CN 106735225A CN 201611217467 A CN201611217467 A CN 201611217467A CN 106735225 A CN106735225 A CN 106735225A
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- brake disc
- disc brake
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/18—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass brake shoes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, including:(1) melting;(2) injection shaping;(3) blanking;(4) forge;(5) it is heat-treated;(6) machine.First by the aluminium alloy smelting of special component, blank is prepared by the way of shaping is sprayed, again blank is processed into suitably sized and uses hydraulic press and mould forging and molding brake disc brake drum forging, last thermally treated and machining obtains brake disc brake drum part.Beneficial effects of the present invention are:The aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum prepared by this method improves 23 times compared to cast iron brake disk brake drum weight saving 40 70%, thermal conductivity factor, mechanical strength more high-wearing feature is more preferable, meet automotive light weight technology development trend, system temperature rising causes heat fading influence braking effect under high speed on-position can effectively be solved, improve travel safety, service life extends 23 times than casting brake disc brake drum.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of automobile, and in particular to a kind of processing technology of brake disc brake drum, particularly
A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum.
Background technology
Brake system of car has two kinds of forms of disc brake and drum brake, cast iron quality is used current brake disk brake drum, with ash more
Cast iron HT250 is representative, casting technique production.Excellent brake disc brake drum should possess lightweight, with enough intensity, excellent
Wearability, enough high-temperature behaviors, excellent heat dispersion and fatigue performance.Due to the office by material and casting technique
Limit, cast iron brake disk brake drum heavier-weight, and under spring, automobile fuel consumption is increased, influence acceleration.Using forging
The single weight of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum can mitigate 40-70% compared to cast iron brake disk brake drum, and light weight effect is notable.
Cast iron quality thermal conductivity factor is relatively low, only about 58W/ (mk), and in high speed braking or continuous braking, short time friction produces big
Calorimetric, relatively low thermal conductivity causes the heat cannot to distribute in time, can trigger brake disc brake drum heat fading, influence braking effect and
Service life.Reflectal thermal conductivity factor reaches 120-180W/ (mk), and the capacity of heat transmission is the 2- of cast iron brake disk brake drum
3 times, brake heat can in time be distributed, it is ensured that the reliability of brakes.Cast iron brake disk brake drum requirement tensile strength
210MPa is not less than, hardness is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum tensile strength and reaches between 187-241HB
400-550MPa, hardness can meet mechanical property requirements completely between 190-230HB.
Existing patent document, Patent No. CN201310058382.9 proposes to produce silicon high using the method for semi-solid casting
Aluminum Moving plate brake drum.Though semi-solid casting method is better than conventional casting techniques, semi solid slurry is easily involved in gas, causes casting
There is gas hole defect in inside, typically cannot further heat treatment reinforcement.Semi-solid casting method mechanical property slightly casts better than general,
But far away from being injected into shape forging technique.Being injected into shape forging technique can break through material composition limitation, further improve reinforcing
Constituent content, the high-performance aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum that production routine casting and semi-solid casting cannot be produced.Injection shaping
Coordinate forging to be a kind of new technology for preparing high-performance aluminium alloy parts, be especially suitable for preparing high-strength, wear-resisting, alumite conjunction
Gold.Fast with respect to casting technique spray deposition processing cooling velocity, material grains are tiny, hardening constituent particle dispersion distribution, without tradition
Casting flaw, substantially increases the strength of materials, hardness, frictional behaviour and fatigue behaviour.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the defects such as the big, poor thermal conductivity of cast iron brake disk brake drum weight present in prior art, the present invention
There is provided a kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, the product produced by technical solution of the present invention
With light weight, excellent thermal conductivity, and also the features such as with higher-strength, wearability, fatigue durability, can be used for each discharge plate
Stop automobile.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, bag
Include following steps:
Step one, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, each composition in aluminium alloy raw material
Mass percent is as follows:Si:15-40%;Fe:0.1-2%;Ni:0.1-2%;Cu:0.3-4.5%;Mg:0.3-2%, Al are
49.5-84.2%;
Step 2, injection shaping:By spray deposition processing equipment, using high pressure nitrogen to described in being obtained in step one
Aluminium alloy raw material carries out injection shaping, prepares a diameter of 200-500mm blanks;
Step 3, blanking:Using the epidermis of the blank obtained in lathe removal step two, table will be removed using sawing machine
The injection after skin forms the material block of Billet cutting to required size, then the material block is put into heating furnace and is heated, plus
Hot temperature is 300-600 DEG C, and the heat time is 0.5-6 hours;Actual chi of the size of the material block according to brake disc brake drum
Very little decision.
Step 4, forging:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheating to 200-500 DEG C, then the shaping dies again
Surface spraying parting agent special, the material block that will finally be obtained in step 3 again is placed into the shaping on the hydraulic press
Mould you forge be processed into forging;
Step 5, heat treatment:The forging that will first be obtained in step 4 carries out solution treatment, and solid solution temperature is 400-
600 DEG C, the solution treatment time is 0.5-5 hours, and the forging puts into quenching after being taken out from solution treatment equipment in 20 seconds
In equipment, hardening heat is 10-80 DEG C, and the cool time is 2-80 seconds, and the forging after quenched treatment is carried out at timeliness again
Reason, aging temp is 100-250 DEG C, and aging time is 6-30 hours;
Step 6, machining:The priority that will be obtained in step 5 is by the forging after solid solution, quenching and Ageing Treatment
It is put on numerically controlled lathe and is machined, finally gives brake disc brake drum finished product.
Further improvement of the present invention, deposit preform silicon phase size is not more than 15 μm in the blank obtained in step 2.
The aluminium alloy material quality percentage obtained in further improvement of the present invention, step one is Si:32%;
Fe:0.5%;Ni:0.2%;Cu:3.8%;Mg:1.5%, Al are 62%
Further improvement of the present invention, a diameter of 300mm of the blank obtained in step 2.
Further improvement of the present invention, the material block obtained in step 3 is heated in being put into heating furnace, and heating-up temperature is
400-600 DEG C, the heat time is 0.5-5 hours.
Further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic press maximum pressure used is 5000T in step 4.
Further improvement of the present invention, the shaping dies used in step 4 is preheating to 350-500 DEG C.
Further improvement of the present invention, the parting agent special used in step 4 is water-based graphite releasing agent or oiliness
Releasing agent.The use of the water-based graphite releasing agent or the oil-based release agent fills type and the demoulding beneficial to the forging.
Further improvement of the present invention, solid solution temperature is 450-600 DEG C in step 5, and the solution treatment time is 1-5
Hour, the forging is put into quenching apparatus after being taken out in solution treatment equipment in 15 seconds, the institute to completing solution treatment
Stating forging carries out Quenching Treatment, and hardening heat is 50 DEG C, and the cool time is 60 seconds, and the forging after quenched treatment is carried out again
Ageing Treatment, aging temp is 120-200 DEG C, and aging time is 6-30 hours.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1st, compared with prior art, the aluminum alloy material brake disc brake drum of technical solution of the present invention manufacture, weight is comparable
Traditional cast iron brake disc brake drum loss of weight 40-70%, alleviates complete vehicle weight, and oil consumption is also decreased, and realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction
Purpose;Brake disc brake drum raw material of the present invention takes spray deposition processing, and in the absence of casting flaw, even tissue, crystal grain is tiny;
Forging technology is taken in shaping, complete with forging technology streamline, the characteristics of high mechanical properties.
2nd, injection shaping makes the brake disc brake drum have intensity higher, hardness, wearability and resist with forging technology
Fatigue behaviour, meets brake disc drum sub-assembly of parking brake use requirement.The aluminum alloy material thermal conductivity factor of the brake disc brake drum is
2-3 times of traditional cast iron material, will improve cast iron brake disk brake drum poor heat radiation in high speed braking or continuous braking causes
Heat fading, improve skidding reliability and travel safety.
3rd, aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum of the invention can not only be completely eliminated tradition using shape forging technique is injected into
Metallurgical imperfection present in casting and semi-solid casting, can also break through the limitation of material composition, further improve intensified element
Content.
4th, have lightweight, rapid heat dissipation, mechanical performance high using the aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum of present invention production, it is wear-resisting
Damage, antifatigue, long lifespan characteristic, can be used for various disc brake automobiles.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
The accompanying drawing to be used needed for having technology description is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can be with
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of embodiment production product of the method that the present invention is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum
Metallograph;
Fig. 2 is another embodiment production product of the method that the present invention is injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum
Metallograph.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, technical scheme will be carried out below
Detailed description.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are resulting on the premise of creative work is not made to be owned
Other embodiment, belongs to the scope that the present invention is protected.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in figure 1, a kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, comprises the following steps:Step
One, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, and aluminium alloy raw material uses the alloy with Al as matrix
Melting is carried out, wherein also containing following alloying element in addition to Al, is represented with mass percent:Si:26%, Fe:0.2%,
Ni:0.12%, Cu:3.8%, Mg:1.1%.Step 2, injection shaping:By spray deposition processing equipment, high pressure nitrogen is used
Aluminium alloy raw material to being obtained in step one carries out injection shaping, obtains diameter 260mm blanks.Step 3, blanking:Use lathe
The blank epidermis of the diameter 260mm obtained in removal step two, is switched to diameter 250mm, then further according to be processed by blank
Brake disc brake drum Size calculation needed for material block height, a diameter of 250mm Billet cuttings into required height will be processed into
, then be put into material block in heating furnace and heat by the material block of degree, and heating-up temperature is set to 550 DEG C, is incubated 3 hours.Step 4, forging
Make:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheated to 350 DEG C;Using 5000T hydraulic presses, pressure is set to 4000T, after preheating
Oil-based release agent is sprayed on shaping dies, the material block that will be obtained in step 3 is placed into forging in shaping dies and is processed into forging.
Step 5, heat treatment:The forging that will be obtained in step 4 carries out solution treatment, 550 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, soaking time 2 hours, Gu
Molten being disposed quenched at once, and forging is taken out from solution treatment equipment the time interval put into quenching apparatus not
More than 20 seconds, quenched 50 DEG C of water temperature, and 60 seconds cool times, the forging after quenched treatment carries out Ageing Treatment, aging temp again
It it is 180 DEG C, timeliness soaking time is 10 hours, and forging then is taken out into holding furnace, forging is cooled to room temperature in air.Step
Six, machining:The forging that step 5 is finally cooled to room temperature is added using numerically controlled lathe according to brake disc brake drum drawing requirement
Work is to finished product.The brake disc brake drum tensile strength manufactured using the above method reaches 504MPa, hardness 196HB, metallograph
Middle particle is hard hardening constituent silicon in aluminium alloy, it can be seen that by silicon phase small and dispersed distribution after injection shaping and forging, this
Ensure that brake disc brake drum has excellent polishing machine.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, comprises the following steps:Step
One, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, and aluminium alloy raw material uses the alloy with Al as matrix
Melting is carried out, wherein also containing following alloying element in addition to Al, is represented with mass percent:Si:32%, Fe:0.5%,
Ni:0.15%, Cu:4.1%, Mg:1.2%.Step 2, injection shaping:By spray deposition processing equipment, high pressure nitrogen is used
Aluminium alloy raw material to being obtained in step one carries out injection shaping, obtains diameter 300mm blanks.Step 3, blanking:Use lathe
The blank epidermis of the diameter 300mm obtained in removal step two, is switched to diameter 280mm, then further according to be processed by blank
Brake disc brake drum Size calculation needed for material block height, a diameter of 280mm Billet cuttings into required height will be processed into
, then be put into material block in heating furnace and heat by the material block of degree, and heating-up temperature is set to 450 DEG C, is incubated 2 hours.Step 4, forging
Make:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheated to 400 DEG C;Using 5000T hydraulic presses, pressure is set to 4400T, after preheating
Water-based graphite releasing agent is sprayed on shaping dies, the material block that will be obtained in step 3 is placed into forging in shaping dies and is processed into forging
Part.Step 5, heat treatment:The forging that will be obtained in step 4 carries out solution treatment, 500 DEG C of solid solubility temperature, and soaking time 2.5 is small
When, solution treatment is finished and quenched at once, and forging is taken out from solution treatment equipment the time put into quenching apparatus
Interval is no more than 30 seconds, and quench 60 DEG C of water temperature, and 60 seconds cool times, the forging after quenched treatment carries out Ageing Treatment again, when
Effect temperature is 175 DEG C, and timeliness soaking time is 12 hours, and forging then is taken out into holding furnace, forging is cooled to room in air
Temperature.Step 6, machining:The forging that step 5 is finally cooled to room temperature is used into numerically controlled lathe according to brake disc brake drum drawing
It is required that being machined to finished product.The brake disc brake drum tensile strength manufactured using the above method reaches 540MPa, hardness 226HB, from
It can be found that with the raising of Si constituent contents, the graininess hard hardening constituent in material is significantly more than embodiment in metallograph
1, this causes that embodiment 2 is higher compared to the hardness of embodiment 1, and anti-wear performance is more preferable.It is injected into the braking of shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc
Drum metallographic structure is uniform, completely eliminates the casting flaw that cast iron brake disk brake drum is difficult to avoid that, possesses excellent mechanical property
Energy.
By Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention and traditional cast iron HT250 performance comparisons, data are as follows:
The present invention is compared with traditional cast iron, and it is higher to be injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum intensity, hardness with cast
Iron Moving plate brake drum is suitable, but thermal conductivity is 2-3 times of cast iron, in brake process, is effectively reduced because of braking procedure
The frictional heat accumulation of generation, while shortening braking distance, extends the brake disc brake drum life-span.Aluminum alloy material density only has casting
About the 1/3 of iron, using aluminum alloy material each brake disc brake drum can loss of weight 40~70%, light weight effect is notable.It is injected into
Shape forging technique also has more preferable fatigue performance compared to the aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum of casting or Semi-solid Process production
And abrasion resistance properties, improve the driving safety of motor vehicle.
The above, specific embodiment only of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, change or replacement can be readily occurred in, should all contain
Cover within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, melting:Melting manufactures the aluminium alloy raw material of aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum, each composition quality in aluminium alloy raw material
Percentage is as follows:Si:15-40%;Fe:0.1-2%;Ni:0.1-2%;Cu:0.3-4.5%;Mg:0.3-2%, Al are 49.5-
84.2%;
Step 2, injection shaping:By spray deposition processing equipment, using high pressure nitrogen to the alloy that is obtained in step one
Liquid raw material carries out injection shaping, prepares the blank of a diameter of 200-500mm;
Step 3, blanking:Using the epidermis of the blank obtained in lathe removal step two, after removing epidermis using sawing machine
The Billet cutting to the material block of required size, then the material block is put into heating furnace and is heated, heating-up temperature is 300-
600 DEG C, the heat time is 0.5-6 hours;
Step 4, forging:The shaping dies on hydraulic press is first preheating to 200-500 DEG C, then in the forming mould surface
Spraying parting agent special, the material block that will finally be obtained in step 3 again is placed into the shaping dies on the hydraulic press
Forging is processed into interior forging;
Step 5, heat treatment:The forging that will first be obtained in step 4 carries out solution treatment, and solid solution temperature is 400-
600 DEG C, the solution treatment time is 0.5-5 hours, and the forging puts into quenching after being taken out from solution treatment equipment in 20 seconds
In equipment, the forging to completing solution treatment carries out Quenching Treatment, and hardening heat is 10-80 DEG C, and the cool time is 2-80
Second, the forging after quenched treatment carries out Ageing Treatment again, and aging temp is 100-250 DEG C, and aging time is that 6-30 is small
When;
Step 6, machining:The priority that will be obtained in step 5 is put into by the forging after solid solution, quenching and Ageing Treatment
It is machined on numerically controlled lathe, is finally given brake disc brake drum finished product.
2. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
Deposit preform silicon phase size is not more than 15 μm in the blank obtained in two.
3. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
The aluminium alloy material quality percentage obtained in one is:Si:32%;Fe:0.5%;Ni:0.2%;Cu:3.8%;Mg:
1.5%;Al is 62%.
4. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
A diameter of 300mm of the blank obtained in two.
5. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
The material block obtained in three is heated in being put into heating furnace, and heating-up temperature is 400-600 DEG C, and the heat time is 0.5-5 hours.
6. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
The hydraulic press maximum pressure used in four is 5000T.
7. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
The shaping dies used in four is preheating to 350-500 DEG C.
8. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
The parting agent special used in four is water-based graphite releasing agent or oil-based release agent.
9. the method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step
Solid solution temperature is 450-600 DEG C in five, and 1-5 hours solution treatment time, the forging takes out from solution treatment equipment
Put into quenching apparatus in 15 seconds afterwards, the forging to completing solution treatment carries out Quenching Treatment, hardening heat is 50 DEG C,
Cool time is 60 seconds, and the forging after quenched treatment carries out Ageing Treatment again, and aging temp is 120-200 DEG C, timeliness
Time is 6-30 hours.
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CN113458721A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-01 | 中机精密成形产业技术研究院(安徽)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-strength aluminum alloy guide bar grooved needle connecting rod |
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