CN106621571A - Air filtering material capable of releasing negative ions and preparation method of air filtering material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an air filter material capable of releasing negative ions and a preparation method thereof. The air filter material capable of releasing negative ions is characterized in that it comprises a substrate and a nanofiber layer arranged on the substrate, the substrate is mesh-shaped, and the nanofiber layer includes nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functions substance. The preparation method of the mesh-shaped negative ion filter material is to mix the high water-absorbing and water-retaining polymer and the negative ion functional substance to prepare a solution and then spin it, or place the two in different liquid storage devices and spin it simultaneously. The mesh-shaped negative ion filter material of the present invention has the advantages of strong bonding fastness between fibers and substrates, high negative ion release, strong device operability, etc., and has broad application prospects in filter materials for air purifiers, window screens, and masks.

Description

A kind of air filter material capable of releasing negative ions and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of nanofibers and relates to an air filter material capable of releasing negative ions and an electrostatic spinning method thereof, in particular to an air filter material capable of releasing negative ions and an electrostatic spinning method thereof.

Background technique

The particulate matter in smog poses a great threat to human health. The problem of smog pollution has caused about 3 million premature deaths worldwide. It is imminent to take effective measures to protect it. The filter material with the function of releasing negative ions can use negative ions as a purification factor to actively purify the surrounding air, thereby effectively protecting human health. Existing negative ion filter materials all have the problems of low release of negative ions and poor durability of purification effect, which cannot meet people's performance requirements for filter products at the same time. Due to the characteristics of small fiber diameter, small pore size, large specific surface area, and high porosity, electrospun nanofibers can be used in the field of air filtration to effectively achieve high filtration efficiency, low air resistance, and high release of purification factors. requirements and have broad application prospects. The addition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances in the nanofiber component can provide more hydroxide radicals for negative ion functional substances, thereby greatly increasing the release of negative ions. At present, in the filter materials prepared by ordinary electrospinning methods, the bonding fastness between nanofibers and substrates cannot meet the application requirements, especially when the receiving substrate is mesh-shaped, such as window screens, the fibers are easy to embed and fall off, and lose use. performance.

In the existing technology of preparing negative ion filter material by electrospinning method. The patent "Non-Woven Fabric for Negative Ion Filtration" (ZL201110407879.8) prepared a non-woven fabric with anion-releasing function through electrospinning technology, and disclosed the spinning solution formula for preparing functional non-woven fabric and the anion powder component used. The patent "A single-layer supportive multifunctional air filter membrane" (CN201610244080.4) uses polyethersulfone as the basic material, and makes a solution with a solvent. By adding nano-TiO ₂ powder and negative ion powder, nanofibers are realized. Membrane versatility. The air filter membrane prepared by the patent "Light-transmitting, breathable, static-repellent PM2.5 air filter membrane and preparation method" (CN201510307864.2) is provided with at least one layer of non-woven fabric substrate or screen and at least one layer of ultra-thin electrospun nano The fiber layer is dipped and/or sprayed with a suspension containing binder and tourmaline nanoparticles and dried so that the tourmaline nanoparticles are wrapped on the surface of the material. The process is cumbersome, and the tourmaline nanoparticles on the surface are easy to fall off.

To sum up, the existing negative ion filter materials all have problems such as poor wear resistance of nanofibers and low release of negative ions, and the preparation method requires secondary compounding, which is cumbersome, time-consuming and labor-intensive. In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the present invention adopts a novel electrospinning receiving system to prepare a high-efficiency and low-resistance filter material with good wear resistance and capable of releasing a large amount of negative ions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the existing negative ion filter material such as cumbersome preparation process, low negative ion release, poor purification effect persistence, and poor bonding fastness with the nanofiber layer, and provide an air filter material capable of releasing negative ions and its preparation method .

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions is characterized in that it comprises a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material, the base material is mesh-shaped, and the nanofiber layer comprises nanofibers and water-absorbing fibers dispersed in the nanofibers Water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances.

Preferably, the water absorption rate of the air filter material capable of releasing negative ions is 0.5 to 100 times its own weight, the water retention rate is 10 to 90%, the negative ion release concentration is 500 to 10,000/cm ³ , and the resistance of the nanofiber layer is The abrasiveness is 1%-20% weight loss after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency for 0.3μm-10μm particles is 80-100%, and the resistance pressure drop is 10-100Pa.

Preferably, the weight of the substrate is 10-100g/m ² , the mesh shape of the substrate is triangular, square, rectangular or circular, and the material is polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or For metal, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 1-50 μm, the mesh area is 0.3-10 mm ² ; the diameter of the fiber in the nanofiber layer is 0.02-20 μm, the pore diameter is 1-30 μm, the porosity is 60-99.99%, and the stacking The density is 0.006-0.084g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 0.01-70g/m ² .

Preferably, the chemical composition of the nanofiber is fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, polypropylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, Polyester, polyvinyl acetate, nylon 6, nylon 66, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethylmethacrylate, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate Diester, PTFE, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether and polyvinylidene fluoride One or more of vinyl fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene; the chemical components of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances are polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols, vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethanes, polyethylene oxides, and starch. At least one of branch copolymer resins; the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is at least one of tourmaline, diatomaceous earth and fly ash.

The present invention also provides the preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, characterized in that, comprising:

Step 1: Dissolve the polymer in the solvent, add water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, and stir to obtain a spinning solution;

Step 2: Electrospinning the spinning solution with an electrospinning receiving device. The electrospinning receiving device includes a drum, and the surface of the drum is provided with a plurality of hollow protrusions, and the raised side is in contact with the drum. The contact surface with the drum can be connected to the inside of the drum, and the opposite side of this surface is closed, except for these two sides, there are holes on the other surfaces, the inside of the drum is a hollow structure, one end is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end is closed; the base The material is placed on the drum, and the etching steam is sent from the high-temperature steam generator to the drum, so that the steam is discharged from the holes on the protrusions, and the electrospinning parameters are adjusted to perform electrospinning.

Preferably, the holes of the base material and the protrusions on the roller are fitted with each other.

Preferably, the cross-section of the drum is circular, the cross-sectional area is 100-1000 cm ² , the length L1 is 30-100 cm, and the material is iron, aluminum, copper or other conductive materials; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 2-100 cm. 20cm; the protrusions are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, and the shape of the protrusions is a triangular prism, cube, cuboid or cylinder, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions is 0.5-2 mm, and the cross-sectional area is 0.25-9mm ² , the thickness T2 is 0.1-0.5mm, the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.5-1mm; the shape of the hole is circular, square, rectangular or triangular, and the area is 0.01- 1mm ² .

Preferably, the high polymer is fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, polypropylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyester , polyvinyl acetate, nylon 6, nylon 66, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethylmethacrylate, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate , polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether and polyvinylidene fluoride -One or more of chlorotrifluoroethylene; the mass fraction of high polymer is 8wt%~40wt%; water-absorbing and water-retaining substances are polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols, vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethanes, polycyclic At least one of oxyethanes and starch graft copolymer resins; the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 0.01wt% to 20wt%, and the anion functional substances are tourmaline, diatomaceous earth and fly ash At least one; the mass fraction of negative ion functional substances is 0.01wt% to 20wt%; the solvent is formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetone , chloroform, cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone .

Preferably, the stirring time is 1-50 hours.

Preferably, the composition of the etching steam is formic acid solution, acetic acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution, copper sulfate solution, sodium carbonate solution or magnesium carbonate solution, the concentration is 10%-80%, and the steam feeding speed is 0.1- 3m/s.

Preferably, the feeding method of the etching steam is intermittent feeding or continuous feeding, the total time of intermittent feeding is 10-300min, and the time ratio of feeding: non-feeding is 1:1, 1:2 , 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1; the continuous feeding time is 10-300min, and the release speed of steam from the raised hole is 0.1-3m/s.

Preferably, the electrospinning conditions include: voltage 10-100kV, receiving distance 5-150cm, perfusion speed 0.1-10mL/h, drum speed 20-200r/min, temperature 10-40°C, humidity 10-99% , spinning time 10 ~ 300min.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) The high water absorption and water retention fiber in the negative ion filter material can make the material have a certain water retention capacity, provide more hydroxide radicals for the generation of negative ions, thereby increasing the concentration of negative ions, and at the same time use electrospun nanofiber materials with fine fiber diameters , The structural characteristics of large specific surface area enhance the release of negative ions and improve the filtration efficiency of the material. The nanofiber material has the characteristics of large porosity and can reduce the resistance pressure drop of the material.

(2) When compounding with a mesh-like substrate with a smooth surface, the micromodule can fill the mesh and avoid the embedding of fibers near the silk threads of the porous substrate.

(3) The specific solvent vapor that reacts with the mesh-shaped substrate can be used as an etching medium, and the etching steam is sent into the drum and discharged on the micropores to etch the mesh-shaped substrate to increase the number of mesh-shaped substrates. The roughness of the material, thereby enhancing the bonding fastness of the nanofibers on the surface of the substrate.

(4) The mesh-shaped negative ion filter material of the present invention has the advantages of strong bonding fastness between the fiber and the base material, high negative ion release rate, strong device operability, etc., and has wide applications in filter materials for air purifiers, window screens, and masks prospect.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrospinning receiving device;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the protrusion.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, an electrospinning receiving device, the electrospinning receiving device includes a drum 1, the surface of the drum 1 is provided with a plurality of hollow protrusions 2, and one side of the protrusions 2 is in contact with the drum 1 , the contact surface with the drum 1 can be connected to the inside of the drum 1, the opposite side of this face is closed, except for these two sides, there are holes on the other faces, the inside of the drum 1 is a hollow structure, one end is connected with a high-temperature steam generating device, and the other end closed. The steam is discharged from the hole of the protrusion 2, which can etch the surface of the substrate in contact with it and increase the surface roughness of the substrate. The discharge speed depends on the cross-sectional area of the drum, the area of the small hole and the feeding speed.

The cross-section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 100cm ² , the length L1 is 30cm, and the material is iron; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 2cm; the protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, and the convex The shape of the protrusion is a triangular prism, and the material is the same as that of the roller; the height H of the protrusion 2 is 0.5 mm, the cross-sectional area is 0.25 mm ² , the thickness T2 is 0.1 mm, and the distance between two adjacent protrusions on the drum is D 0.5mm. The shape of the hole was square and the area was 0.01 mm ² .

Example 2

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 200 cm ² , the length L1 is 40 cm, and the material is copper; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 4 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is a triangular prism, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 0.6 mm, the cross-sectional area is 0.5 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.1mm, and the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.55mm. The shape of the hole was square and the area was 0.08 mm ² .

Example 3

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device in Example 1, the difference is that: the drum 1 has a circular cross section, a cross-sectional area of 300 cm ² , a length L1 of 60 cm, and a material of aluminum; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 6 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is a triangular prism, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 0.7 mm, the cross-sectional area is 1 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.15 mm, the distance D between two adjacent projections on the roller is 0.6mm. The shape of the hole was square, and the area was 0.7 mm ² .

Example 4

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device in Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 400 cm ² , the length L1 is 70 cm, and the material is iron; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 8 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is a cube, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 0.8 mm, the cross-sectional area is 2 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.2 mm , the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.65mm. The shape of the hole was rectangular, and the area was 0.6 mm ² .

Example 5

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 500 cm ² , the length L1 is 80 cm, and the material is copper; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 10 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is a cube, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 1.0 mm, the cross-sectional area is 3 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.25 mm , the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.7mm. The shape of the hole was square and the area was 0.5 mm ² .

Example 6

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: as shown in Figure 2, the cross-section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 600 cm ² , the length L1 is 80 cm, and the material is aluminum; the cylinder wall of the drum The thickness T1 is 12cm; the protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is a cuboid, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 1.2 mm, the cross-sectional area is 4 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.3 mm, and the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.75 mm. The shape of the hole is circular, and the area is 0.4 mm ² .

Example 7

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 700 cm ² , the length L1 is 90 cm, and the material is iron; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 14 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, the shape of the protrusions is cuboid, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 1.4 mm, the cross-sectional area is 5 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.35 mm , the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 0.8mm. The shape of the hole was triangular, and the area was 0.3 mm ² .

Example 8

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 800 cm ² , the length L1 is 90 cm, and the material is copper; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 16 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, and the protrusions are cylindrical in shape and made of the same material as the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 1.6 mm, the cross-sectional area is 6 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.4 mm, the distance D between two adjacent projections on the roller is 0.85mm. The shape of the hole was rectangular, and the area was 0.2 mm ² .

Example 9

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device in Example 1, the difference is that: the drum 1 has a circular cross section, a cross-sectional area of 900 cm ² , a length L1 of 100 cm, and is made of aluminum; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 18 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, and the protrusions are cylindrical in shape and made of the same material as the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 1.8 mm, the cross-sectional area is 8 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.45 mm, the distance D between two adjacent projections on the roller is 0.9mm. The shape of the hole was square and the area was 0.1 mm ² .

Example 10

Similar to the electrospinning receiving device of Example 1, the difference is that: the cross section of the drum 1 is circular, the cross-sectional area is 1000 cm ² , the length L1 is 100 cm, and the material is iron; the wall thickness T1 of the drum is 20 cm The protrusions 2 are regularly arranged on the surface of the drum, and the shape of the protrusions is a cylinder, and the material is the same as that of the drum; the height H of the protrusions 2 is 2 mm, the cross-sectional area is 9 mm ² , and the thickness T2 is 0.5 mm , the distance D between two adjacent protrusions on the roller is 1mm. The shape of the hole is circular, and the area is 0.01 mm ² .

Example 11

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The weight of the substrate is 10g/m ² , the shape of the mesh of the substrate is triangular, the material is metal, the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 1 μm, and the area of the mesh is 0.3mm ² ; the fiber in the nanofiber layer The diameter is 0.02 μm, the pore diameter is 1 μm, the porosity is 60%, the bulk density is 0.084 g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 70 g/m ² . The chemical composition of the nanofiber is polyvinylpyrrolidone; the chemical composition of the water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is polyacrylate resin (Weifang Ruiguang Chemical Co., Ltd.); the chemical composition of the negative ion functional substance is tourmaline, and the particle size is 60nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone in N,N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 10wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 5wt%; negative ions The concentration of the functional substance is 20wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 1; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 60%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.5m/s. The time is 170min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

The water absorption rate of the material is 100 times ^of its own weight measured by the weight gain method, and the water retention rate is 90%. Abrasion resistance is 1% weight loss rate after 50 laps of friction, TSI8130 filter material tester has a filtration efficiency of 0.3μm particles of 100%, and a resistance pressure drop of 100Pa.

Example 12

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The base material is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the grammage is 20g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 10μm, and the mesh area is 1mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 2 μm, the pore size is 2 μm, the porosity is 70%, the bulk density is 0.07g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 50g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyethylene oxide (Aladdin P101340); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyvinyl alcohol resin (Aladdin P105124); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is tourmaline, and the particle size is 60nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polyethylene oxide in chloroform, the mass fraction of high polymer is 10wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 20wt%; the concentration of negative ion functional substances is 18wt%, Stir for 10h to obtain spinning solution;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 2; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 40%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.5m/s. The time is 160min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.6m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 10kV, a receiving distance of 80cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 110r/min, a temperature of 15°C, a humidity of 57%, and a spinning time of 160min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 90 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 80%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 8000/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasiveness is 3% after friction for 50 circles, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 0.3μm particles is 96%, and the resistance pressure drop is 90Pa.

Example 13

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is rectangular, the material is metal, the grammage is 30g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 15μm, and the mesh area is 3mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 4 μm, the pore diameter is 3 μm, the porosity is 80%, the bulk density is 0.06g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 40g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyaniline (Shijiazhuang Ji'an Yada New Material Technology Co., Ltd., intrinsic state polyaniline); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is vinyl acetate copolymer resin (Aladdin V104472); negative ion functional substances The chemical composition is tourmaline, and the particle size is 60nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polyaniline in N,N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 15wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 18wt%; negative ion function The concentration of the substance is 16wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 3; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generating device. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 30%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.8m/s. The time is 170min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

The water absorption rate of the material is 80 times ^of its own weight measured by the weight gain method, and the water retention rate is 70%. Abrasion resistance is 5% weight loss rate after 50 laps of friction, TSI8130 filter material tester has a filtration efficiency of 0.3μm particles of 94%, and a resistance pressure drop of 80Pa.

Example 14

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The base material is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is circular, the material is nylon, the grammage is 40g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 20μm, and the mesh area is 4mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 6 μm, the pore diameter is 4 μm, the porosity is 90%, the bulk density is 0.006-0.084g/cm3, and the gram weight is 0.01-70g /m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polymethyl methacrylate (Aladdin P107082); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyurethane resin (Hubei Jusheng Technology Co., Ltd); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is tourmaline, particle size 60nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: Dissolving polymethyl methacrylate in N,N-dimethylacetamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 17wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 16wt% %; The concentration of the negative ion functional substance is 14wt%, and stirring for 8h to obtain the spinning solution;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 4; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 30%, a temperature of 140°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.8m/s. The total time is 150min, the time ratio of feeding: non-feeding is 1:1, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.5m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 100kV, a receiving distance of 75cm, a perfusion speed of 5.8mL/h, a drum speed of 104r/min, a temperature of 10°C, a humidity of 54%, and a spinning time of 150min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 70 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 60%. The negative ion release concentration measured by the EP050 negative ion tester is 500-10000/cm ³ , and the nanofiber layer is measured by the Martindale wear tester. The wear resistance is 7% after friction for 50 laps, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 2.5μm particles is 92%, and the resistance pressure drop is 70Pa.

Example 15

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is triangular, the material is metal, the grammage is 50g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 25μm, and the mesh area is 5mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 8 μm, the pore diameter is 5 μm, the porosity is 91%, the bulk density is 0.05g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 30g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyvinyl alcohol (Aladdin P105124); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyethylene oxide resin (Wuxi Changqian Chemical Co., Ltd. 6101); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is diatomite , the particle size is 60nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolve polyvinyl alcohol in water, the mass fraction of high polymer is 19wt%, add water-absorbing and water-retaining substance and negative ion functional substance, the massfraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is 14wt%; The concentration of negative ion functional substance is 14wt%, stir 45h obtain spinning solution;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 5; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from a high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 35%, a temperature of 140°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.8m/s. The time is 230min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 2.3m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 52kV, a receiving distance of 115cm, a perfusion speed of 7.9mL/h, a drum speed of 152r/min, a temperature of 15°C, a humidity of 78%, and a spinning time of 230min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate ^of the material is 60 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 50%. The abrasiveness is 9% after friction for 50 laps, the filtration efficiency of 2.5μm particles by TSI8130 filter material tester is 90%, and the resistance pressure drop is 60Pa.

Example 16

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the grammage is 60g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 30μm, and the mesh area is 6mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 10 μm, the pore size is 10 μm, the porosity is 92%, the bulk density is 0.04g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 20g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is nylon 66 (Aladdin P128923); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is starch graft copolymer resin (Wuhan Yuancheng Gongchuang Technology Co., Ltd.); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is diatomite , the particle size is 100nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: Nylon 66 is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 22wt%, add water-absorbing and water-retaining substance and negative ion functional substance, the massfraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is 12wt%; negative ion function The concentration of the substance is 12wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 6; the base material is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the base material and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 30%, a temperature of 140°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.8m/s. The time is 170min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 50 times ^of its own weight, and the water retention rate is 40%. The abrasiveness is 11% of the weight loss rate after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 2.5μm particles is 88%, and the resistance pressure drop is 50Pa.

Example 17

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is rectangular, the material is metal, the grammage is 70g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 35μm, and the mesh area is 7mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 12 μm, the pore diameter is 15 μm, the porosity is 95%, the bulk density is 0.03g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 10g/m ² , the chemical composition of ordinary fibers is nylon 66 (Aladdin P128923); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyacrylate resin (Hunan Jinliyuan New Material Technology Co., Ltd); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is diatomite, The particle size is 100nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: Nylon 66 is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 24wt%, add water-absorbing and water-retaining substance and negative ion functional substance, the massfraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is 10wt%; negative ion function The concentration of the substance is 12wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 7; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 25%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 2.8m/s. The time is 170min, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 40 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 30%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 3000/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasiveness is 13% after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 2.5μm particles is 86%, and the resistance pressure drop is 40Pa.

Example 18

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The base material is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is circular, the material is nylon, the grammage is 80g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 40μm, and the mesh area is 8mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 14 μm, the pore diameter is 20 μm, the porosity is 97%, the bulk density is 0.02g/em ³ , and the grammage is 5g/m ² , the chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyvinyl acetate (Jiangsu Hongkuang Import and Export Co., Ltd.); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyvinyl alcohol resin (Taichang Resin Co., Ltd.); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is pulverized coal Ash, the particle size is 100nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polyvinyl acetate in N,N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 26wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the massfraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 8wt%; The concentration of the functional substance is 10wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 8; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 20%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 3m/s. The time is 170 minutes, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the steam is released from the hole of the protrusion 2 at a speed of 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 30 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 20%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 2000/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasion resistance is 15% weight loss after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of 10μm particles by TSI8130 filter material tester is 84%, and the resistance pressure drop is 30Pa.

Example 19

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is triangular, the material is metal, the grammage is 90g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 45μm, and the mesh area is 9mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 16 μm, the pore diameter is 25 μm, the porosity is 99%, the bulk density is 0.01g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 1g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyester (Aladdin P111885); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is vinyl acetate copolymer resin (Aladdin P101485); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is fly ash, and the particle size is 100nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polyester in N,N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 28wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 8wt%; negative ion function The concentration of the substance is 10wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 9; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 15%, a temperature of 140°C, and a steam feeding speed of 3m/s. The time is 170 minutes, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the steam is released from the hole of the protrusion 2 at a speed of 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 20 times of its own weight, and the water retention rate is 10%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 1000/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasiveness is 17% after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 10μm particles is 82%, and the resistance pressure drop is 20Pa.

Example 20

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The substrate is mesh-shaped, the shape of the mesh is square, the material is nylon, the grammage is 100g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 50μm, and the mesh area is 10mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include ordinary nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 20 μm, the pore diameter is 30 μm, the porosity is 99.99%, the bulk density is 0.006g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 0.1g/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polystyrene (Aladdin B125789); the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyurethane resin (Foshan Wanxia New Material Technology Co., Ltd); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is fly ash, particle size 80nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polystyrene in N,N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 30wt%, adding water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, the mass fraction of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is 6wt%; negative ions The concentration of the functional substance is 8wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 20 hours;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 10; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is an acetic acid solution with a concentration of 10%, a temperature of 140°C, and a steam feeding speed of 3m/s. The time is 170 minutes, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the steam is released from the hole of the protrusion 2 at a speed of 1.7m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 16kV, a receiving distance of 85cm, a perfusion speed of 6.1mL/h, a drum speed of 116r/min, a temperature of 20°C, a humidity of 60%, and a spinning time of 170min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 10 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 10%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 500/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasiveness is 20% weight loss after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 10μm particles is 80%, and the resistance pressure drop is 10Pa.

Example 21

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The mesh shape of the substrate is square, the material is nylon, the grammage is 60g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 5μm, and the mesh area is 1mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 0.8 μm, the pore size is 2 μm, the porosity is 90%, the bulk density is 0.06g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 70g/m ² , the chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polyacrylonitrile; the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyurethane resin (Foshan Wanxia New Material Technology Co., Ltd); the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is tourmaline, and the particle size is 80nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: Polyacrylonitrile is dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 28wt%, polyurethane resin is used as water-absorbing and water-retaining material, tourmaline is used as negative ion material, the quality of water-absorbing and water-retaining material The fraction is 5wt%; the concentration of anion substance is 2wt%, and the spinning solution is obtained by stirring for 25h;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 1; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from the high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 20%, a temperature of 120°C, and a steam feeding speed of 3m/s. The time is 180 minutes, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the steam is released from the hole of the protrusion 2 at a speed of 1.8m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 22kV, a receiving distance of 90cm, a perfusion speed of 6.4mL/h, a drum speed of 122r/min, a temperature of 25°C, a humidity of 63%, and a spinning time of 180min.

Using the weight gain method to measure the water absorption rate of the material is 90 times its own weight, and the water retention rate is 80%. The EP050 negative ion tester measures the negative ion release concentration of 8000/cm ³ , and the Martindale wear tester measures the resistance of the nanofiber layer. The abrasiveness is 3% after friction for 50 circles, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 0.3μm particles is 96%, and the resistance pressure drop is 90Pa.

Example 22

An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions, which is composed of a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material. substances and negative ion functional substances.

The mesh shape of the substrate is square, the material is nylon, the grammage is 72g/m ² , the diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 5μm, and the mesh area is 1mm ² . The nanofiber layer components include nanofibers, water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. The diameter of the fibers is 0.8 μm, the pore size is 2 μm, the porosity is 90%, the bulk density is 0.06g/cm ³ , and the grammage is 80/m ² . The chemical composition of ordinary fibers is polytetrafluoroethylene; the chemical composition of water-absorbing and water-retaining substances is polyethylene oxide resin; the chemical composition of negative ion functional substances is diatomite, and the particle size is 80nm.

The preparation method of the above-mentioned air filter material that can release negative ions is:

Step 1: dissolving polytetrafluoroethylene in N,N-dimethylacetamide, the mass fraction of high polymer is 31wt%, polyethylene oxide resin is used as water-absorbing and water-retaining material, and diatomaceous earth is used as negative ion material , the mass fraction of the water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is 8wt%; the concentration of the negative ion substance is 2.5wt%, and stirring for 30h obtains the spinning solution;

Step 2: The spinning solution is electrospun using the electrospinning receiving device described in Example 1; the substrate is placed on the drum 1, and the holes of the substrate and the protrusions 2 on the drum 1 are fitted together, and the Etching steam is fed into drum 1 from a high-temperature steam generator. The etching steam is a formic acid solution with a concentration of 120%, a temperature of 20°C, and a steam feeding speed of 3 m/s. The time is 190 minutes, so that the steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion 2, and the release speed of the steam from the hole of the protrusion 2 is 1.9m/s;

Step 3: Adjust the electrospinning parameters and perform electrospinning with a voltage of 28kV, a receiving distance of 95cm, a perfusion speed of 6.7mL/h, a drum speed of 128r/min, a temperature of 30°C, a humidity of 66%, and a spinning time of 190min.

The water absorption rate of the material is 90 times ^of its own weight measured by the weight gain method, and the water retention rate is 80%. The abrasiveness is 50 laps of friction, the weight loss rate is 5, the filtration efficiency of TSI8130 filter material tester for 0.3μm particles is 96%, and the resistance pressure drop is 90Pa.

Claims (10)

1. An air filter material capable of releasing negative ions is characterized in that it comprises a base material and a nanofiber layer arranged on the base material, the base material is mesh-like, and the nanofiber layer comprises nanofibers and is dispersed in the nanofibers Water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances. 2. the air filter material that can release negative ions as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the water absorption rate of the air filter material that can release negative ions is 0.5～100 times of its own weight, and the water retention rate is 10～90% , the release concentration of negative ions is 500-10000/cm ³ , the wear resistance of the nanofiber layer is 1%-20% after 50 laps of friction, the filtration efficiency of 0.3μm-10μm particles is 80-100%, and the resistance pressure Reduced to 10 ~ 100Pa. 3. The air filter material capable of releasing negative ions according to claim 1, wherein the grammage of the base material is 10-100g/m ² , and the mesh shape of the base material is triangle, square, rectangle or circle The material is polypropylene, polyethylene, polypropylene/polyethylene, nylon or metal. The diameter of the monofilament forming the mesh is 1-50 μm, and the mesh area is 0.3-10mm ² ; the diameter of the fiber in the nanofiber layer is 0.02 ～20μm, pore diameter 1～30μm, porosity 60～99.99%, bulk density 0.006～0.084g/cm ³ , gram weight 0.01～70g/m ² . 4. the preparation method of the air filter material that can release negative ion described in any one in claim 1-3 is characterized in that, comprises: Step 1: Dissolve the polymer in the solvent, add water-absorbing and water-retaining substances and negative ion functional substances, and stir to obtain a spinning solution; Step 2: Electrospinning the spinning solution using an electrospinning receiving device, the electrospinning receiving device includes a drum (1), and the surface of the drum (1) is provided with a plurality of hollow protrusions (2) , one side of the protrusion (2) is in contact with the drum (1), and the contact surface with the drum (1) can be connected to the inside of the drum (1), and the opposite side of the surface is closed, except for these two sides, other surfaces are provided with holes, The inside of the drum (1) is a hollow structure, one end is connected with a high-temperature steam generator, and the other end is closed; the base material is placed on the drum (1), and the etching steam is sent into the drum (1) from the high-temperature steam generator, so that The steam is discharged from the hole on the protrusion (2), and the electrospinning parameters are adjusted to carry out the electrospinning. 5. the preparation method of the air filter material that can release negative ions as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the hole of described base material and the protrusion (2) on the cylinder (1) are mutually fitted. 6. the preparation method of the air filter material that can release negative ions as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described polymer is fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer, polyperfluoroethylene propylene, polypropylene, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene Vinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl butyral, polystyrene, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, nylon 6, nylon 66, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyaniline, polyethylene oxide, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylonitrile, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, One or more of polyvinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether and polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene; the mass fraction of the high polymer is 8wt% to 40wt%; the water-absorbing and water-retaining substance is At least one of polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohols, vinyl acetate copolymers, polyurethanes, polyethylene oxides and starch graft copolymer resins; the solvent is formic acid, tetrahydrofuran, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetone, chloroform, cresol, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol , toluene, N-methylpyrrolidone, methyl ethyl ketone and at least one of methyl ethyl ketone. 7. the preparation method of the air filter material that can release negative ions as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the massfraction of described water-absorbing and water-retaining material is 0.01wt%～20wt%, and described negative ion functional material is tourmaline, At least one of diatomite and fly ash; the mass fraction of negative ion functional substances is 0.01wt%-20wt%. 8. the preparation method of the air filter material that can release negative ions as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the composition of described etching steam is formic acid solution, acetic acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution, copper sulfate solution, sodium carbonate solution or magnesium carbonate solution, the concentration is 10%-80%, and the steam feeding speed is 0.1-3m/s. 9. the preparation method of the air filter material capable of releasing negative ions as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the feeding mode of described etching steam is sent in intermittently or sent in continuously, and the total time of sending in intermittently is 10～300min, feeding: non-feeding time ratio is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1; continuous feeding time is 10～ After 300 minutes, the steam release speed from the hole of the protrusion (2) is 0.1-3m/s. 10. The preparation method of the air filter material capable of releasing negative ions as claimed in claim 4, wherein the electrospinning conditions include: voltage 10-100kV, receiving distance 5-150cm, perfusion speed 0.1-10mL/ h, the rotating speed of the drum is 20-200r/min, the temperature is 10-40°C, the humidity is 10-99%, and the spinning time is 10-300min.