CN106613686A - 60-year-old aged ulmus parvifolia root segment cutting seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of elm elm, which mainly includes the following steps: (1), mother root selection: dig out seed roots after falling leaves in October-November, and select roots with a thickness of 3-5mm and cut the root strip into 5-10cm long segments, which is the mother root; (2), mother root storage: the mother root is stored in sand, and the first 10-20 days are placed in a thickness of 5cm and a relative humidity of 5cm. Store in 60% sandy soil, and then cover with 2-3cm dry sand. 5-7 days before the cutting of the mother root, spray irrigation to the upper layer of the sandy soil; (3), treatment of the mother root: immediately carry out ultraviolet light after taking out the mother root from the sand. Irradiate for 2-3 minutes, and trim both ends into a horse-ear shape; (4), cutting: bury the pruned mother root in the substrate with the incision facing down, and the root depth is 0.5-1cm; (5), manage after cutting. The invention is of great significance for the selection and breeding of new varieties of the elm elm, and the cutting survival rate is high.

Description

A method for raising seedlings by root cuttings of 60-year-old elm

technical field

The present invention relates to the breeding technology of elm elm, in particular to a method for raising seedlings by root section cutting of 60-year-old elm elm.

Background technique

Ulmus parvifolia (Latin scientific name: Ulmus parvifolia Jacq) is another name: Ulmus parvifolia. The shape of the tree is graceful, the posture is unrestrained, the bark is mottled, and the branches and leaves are fine and dense. It is very suitable to be planted alone or in clusters in the courtyard, or arranged with pavilions, mountains and rocks. It can also be used as a plant greening residential tree species in mining areas. The elm tree is hard and can be used for industrial materials; the stem bark fiber is strong and tough, and can be used as ropes and artificial fibers; the roots, bark, and young leaves are used as medicine to reduce swelling, relieve pain, detoxify and cure heat. External application can treat water and fire burns; leaves make soil Pesticides can kill spider mites.

The vegetative propagation of Ulmus ultifolia can adopt methods such as branch cutting and grafting, but because the inventor found in the breeding research experiment that the survival rate of old ulma ulmus branch cuttings or grafting methods is low, and what is more flawed is that this asexual The seedlings after reproduction and survival grow slowly and have weak vitality, so it is not suitable to carry out the next step of clone breeding research. However, in the collection of germplasm resources for the selection and breeding of Ulmus ulman, most of the resources are selected for individual trees whose age exceeds 60 years. In the study of clone breeding, the root segment is used for propagation. Because the root segment is young and the cell viability Strong, the cuttings not only have a high survival rate, but also the offspring are juvenile and grow normally, which is very suitable for clonal breeding.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, provide a kind of method for raising seedlings by root section cuttings of aged Ulmus ulmis with high cutting survival rate and stable seedling properties, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root selection: dig out the seed root after falling leaves in October-November, select the root bar with a thickness of 3-5mm, and cut the root bar into 5-10cm long segments, which is the female root;

In the conventional root cutting method, roots with a thickness of 15-20 mm are mostly used as the mother root. The thicker the root diameter, the higher the content of nutrients and endogenous hormones, which is conducive to the growth of germination, but the thicker the root It means that the selection range of root strips becomes smaller, the number of qualified roots becomes smaller, and the thicker the root strips, the more unfavorable it is for rooting. Therefore, the present invention breakthroughly selects roots with smaller thickness as the mother root, On the premise of ensuring the rooting rate, the adverse effect of the small root thickness on the germination development is compensated by subsequent treatment.

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is stored in sand, and the first 10-20 days are stored in sandy soil with a thickness of 5cm and a relative humidity of 60%, and then covered with 2-3cm dry sand. For 5-7 days, spray irrigation to the upper layer of sand and adjust the humidity to 60%-70%;

Conventional mother root storage is to maintain a constant humidity all the time, and prevent root dehydration without premature germination. The present invention controls the humidity of the mother root in sand storage, and can maintain cuttings through humidity control. Vitality, and can increase the content of plant endogenous hormones to a certain extent.

(3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet rays for 2-3 minutes, the irradiation dose is 350-450mW/c㎡, then trim both ends into a horse ear shape and dip it A mixed solution of rice washing water and garlic extract;

It has been proved by experiments that in a short period of time, the use of appropriate doses of ultraviolet radiation is beneficial to improve the survival rate of the cuttings of the old Ulmus elm. Trimming both ends of the mother root into a horse-ear shape is to prepare for the next step of horizontal insertion. It is beneficial to increase the contact area between the mother root and rice washing water, and the contact area between the mother root and the matrix after cutting. Dip the rice washing water before cutting to promote the healing of the wound on the cut surface and accelerate the growth of the root system.

(4) Cutting: bury the pruned mother root in the matrix with the incision facing down, with a root depth of 0.5-1cm; tests have shown that for the old elm, the survival rate of the root section is higher than that of vertical cutting. , and the covering soil should not be too thick, too thick covering soil is not good for the rooting of cutting seedlings.

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 15-16°C, and the constant humidity is 50%-60%.

Conventional cutting nursery room often adopts a temperature of about 25°C. For the selection of tree species and mother roots of the present invention, if the seedling temperature of 25°C is still maintained, it will cause too fast germination and be unfavorable for root development.

Further, in the step (1), the thickness of the female root is 4mm and the length is 6cm. The female root of this specification has the highest survival rate when the method of the present invention is applied.

Further, the preparation method of the garlic extract in step (3) is to take the crushed garlic and place it in a microwave extractor, and add ethanol whose quality is 15-20 times of the garlic quality as an extractant, Under the conditions of ℃ and microwave output power of 300W, carry out microwave extraction, extract for 3-5 minutes and then filter to obtain garlic extract. The main purpose of adding garlic extract is to prevent the incision part from deteriorating after dipping in rice washing water.

Further, the matrix in step (4) is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of Pinshi soil, 15-25 parts of husk chaff ash, 10-20 parts of dried edamame skin, 5-10 parts of coconut peat , the above-mentioned matrix is more optimized in physical properties than the traditional yellow heart soil or the heavy matrix made of yellow heart soil and sediment, and has a high content of organic matter, especially the added dried soybean skin that is ground into powder, which can effectively promote the respiratory metabolism of the mother root. Metabolism can further increase the endogenous hormone content in the mother root.

Further, the matrix in step (4) is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Pinshi soil, 20 parts of husk ash, 15 parts of dried soybean skin, and 7.5 parts of coconut peat.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1), the breakthrough of the present invention selects the lesser root bar of thickness as mother root, under the premise of guaranteeing its rooting rate, makes up for the adverse effect that root bar thickness is little to bud growth by follow-up treatment, simultaneously, Make the selection range of the mother root larger.

(2) Differential humidity control is adopted when the mother root is stored in sand, which can maintain the vitality of the mother root.

(3) Before cutting, the mother root is treated with ultraviolet light and rice washing water, which can promote the healing of the wound on the cut surface and accelerate the growth rate of the root system.

(4) The improved cutting substrate can significantly increase the content of endogenous hormones in the mother root.

(5), the cutting seedlings cultivated by the method of the present invention can be used for the research on the selection and breeding of the clones of Ulmus chinensis.

detailed description

Embodiment 1,

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root is selected: after falling leaves in October-November, dig out the seed root, select the root bar with a thickness of 4mm, and cut the root bar into 6cm long segments, which is the female root;

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is carried out sand storage, and first 15 days, be placed in thickness and be 5cm, store in the sandy soil of 60% relative humidity, cover with 3cm dry sand afterward, 7 days before mother root cuttage, to Spray irrigation is carried out on the upper layer of sandy soil, and the humidity is adjusted to 65%;

(3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet rays for 2.5 minutes, the irradiation dose is 400mW/c㎡, then trim both ends into a horse-ear shape and dip it in rice washing water Mixed solution with garlic extract;

(4) Cutting: bury the pruned mother root in the matrix with the incision facing down, and the root depth is 0.8cm. The matrix is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Pinshi soil, 20 parts of husk ash, 15 parts of dried edamame skin, and 7.5 parts of coconut peat.

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 15°C, and the constant humidity is 55%.

Embodiment 2,

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root is selected: dig out seed root after falling leaves in October-November, select the root bar that thickness is 5mm, and root bar is cut into the segment that 10cm is long, is mother root;

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is carried out sand storage, and first 15 days, be placed in thickness and be 5cm, store in the sandy soil of 60% relative humidity, cover with 3cm dry sand afterward, 7 days before mother root cuttage, to Spray irrigation is carried out on the upper layer of sandy soil, and the humidity is adjusted to 65%;

(3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet rays for 2.5 minutes, the irradiation dose is 400mW/c㎡, then trim both ends into a horse-ear shape and dip it in rice washing water Mixed solution with garlic extract;

(4) Cutting: bury the pruned mother root in the matrix with the incision facing down, and the root depth is 0.8cm. The matrix is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Pinshi soil, 20 parts of husk ash, 15 parts of dried edamame skin, and 7.5 parts of coconut peat.

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 15°C, and the constant humidity is 55%.

Embodiment 3,

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root is selected: after falling leaves in October-November, dig the seed root, select the root bar with a thickness of 3mm, and cut the root bar into 6cm long segments, which is the female root;

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is carried out sand storage, and first 15 days, be placed in thickness and be 5cm, store in the sandy soil of 60% relative humidity, cover with 2cm dry sand behind, 5 days before mother root cuttage, to Spray irrigation is carried out on the upper layer of sandy soil, and the humidity is adjusted to 70%;

(3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet rays for 2 minutes, the irradiation dose is 35mW/c㎡, then trim the two ends into a horse-ear shape, dip in the rice washing water and A mixed solution of garlic extract;

(4), cuttage: bury the female root otch that has been pruned flatly in the substrate downwards, and the depth of embedding is 1cm; the substrate is made up of the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of Pinshi soil, 15 parts of rice chaff ash. 10 parts of dried edamame skin, 5 parts of coconut peat.

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 16°C, and the constant humidity is 60%.

Comparative example 1,

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root is selected: after falling leaves in October-November, dig out the seed root, select the root bar with a thickness of 15mm, and cut the root bar into 8cm long segments, which is the female root;

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is carried out sand storage, keeps the humidity of sandy soil at about 60% all the time;

(3), mother root treatment: two ends are trimmed into a horse-ear shape; both ends are dipped in 2000 times naphthalene acetic acid solution;

(4), cuttage: the female root cut that has been pruned is buried flatly in the matrix downwards, and the depth of embedding is 1cm; The matrix is mixed with the ratio of 3:1:1 by yellow heart soil, coir peat, and husk chaff ash;

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 15°C, and the constant humidity is 50%.

Comparative example 2,

A kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged elm elm, comprising the following steps:

(1), female root is selected: after falling leaves in October-November, dig out the seed root, select the root bar with a thickness of 4mm, and cut the root bar into 6cm long segments, which is the female root;

(2), mother root storage: the mother root is carried out sand storage, and first 15 days, be placed in thickness and be 5cm, store in the sandy soil that relative humidity is 60%, cover with 2.5cm dry sand afterward, 7 days before mother root cuttage, Carry out spray irrigation to the sand upper layer, adjust the humidity to 65%;

(3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet rays for 3 minutes, the irradiation dose is 400mW/c㎡, and then trim both ends into a horse ear shape;

(4), cuttage: vertically insert the pruned female root incision downwards in the substrate, and the depth of root embedding is 0.5cm; the substrate is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Pinshi soil, rice bran Ash 20 parts, dry edamame skin 15 parts, coconut peat 7.5 parts.

(5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 25°C, and the constant humidity is 55%.

Adopt the method of above-mentioned 3 embodiments and 2 comparative examples respectively to carry out root section cutting seedling raising test to 60-year-old Ulmus ultifolia, test data is as follows:

Analysis of the above table shows that embodiment 1 is the best embodiment of the present invention, and the survival rate of the cutting seedlings of Ulmus mellifera exceeds 90%; comparative analysis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 shows that embodiment 2 adopts a thicker female root Cutting seedlings can be made slightly longer and longer, but the survival rate is reduced; comparative analysis of Example 1 and Example 3 shows that the ratio of the substrate has a greater impact on the survival rate of cutting seedlings; comparative analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 shows that , the choice of thickness, the treatment of rice washing water and the improvement of the substrate can greatly improve the survival rate, root development speed and germination development speed of root cuttings.

Inspired by the above-mentioned ideal embodiment of the present invention, through the above-mentioned description, relevant workers can make various changes and modifications within the scope of not departing from the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (5)

1. a 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of the old elm elm, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1), female root selection: dig out the seed root after falling leaves in October-November, select the root bar with a thickness of 3-5mm, and cut the root bar into 5-10cm long segments, which is the female root; (2), mother root storage: the mother root is stored in sand, and the first 10-20 days are stored in sandy soil with a thickness of 5cm and a relative humidity of 60%, and then covered with 2-3cm dry sand. For 5-7 days, spray irrigation to the upper layer of sand and adjust the humidity to 60%-70%; (3) Mother root treatment: 2-3 months, take out the mother root from the sand and immediately irradiate it with ultraviolet light for 2-3 minutes, the irradiation dose is 350-450mW/cm ² , then trim both ends into a horse-ear shape and dip it Mixed solution of rice washing water and garlic extract; (4), cutting: bury the pruned mother root incision downwards in the matrix, and the root depth is 0.5-1cm; (5), management after cutting: keep the cutting nursery room under constant temperature and humidity conditions for 40 days, the constant temperature is 15-16°C, and the constant humidity is 50%-60%. 2. a kind of 60-year-old root section cutting seedling raising method of aged Ulmus elm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (1), the mother root thickness is 4mm, and the length is 6cm. 3. a kind of 60-year-old root section cutting and seedling raising method of aged Ulmus elm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of garlic extract described in the step (3) is to get the crushed garlic and place it in microwave In the extractor, add ethanol with a mass of 15-20 times the mass of garlic as an extractant, carry out microwave extraction at 85-95°C and a microwave output power of 300W, and filter after extraction for 3-5min to obtain garlic extract liquid. 4. a kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged Ulmus elm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), substrate is made up of the following composition in parts by mass: Pinshi soil 50-60 15-25 parts of husk chaff ash, 10-20 parts of dried edamame skin, and 5-10 parts of coconut peat. 5. a kind of 60-year-old root cuttage seedling raising method of aged Ulmus elm as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, in the step (4), the substrate is made up of the following components in parts by mass: 55 parts of Pinshi soil, 20 parts of husk ash, 15 parts of dried edamame skin, and 7.5 parts of coconut peat.