CN106457798A - 复合体及其制造方法 - Google Patents
复合体及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106457798A CN106457798A CN201580021073.1A CN201580021073A CN106457798A CN 106457798 A CN106457798 A CN 106457798A CN 201580021073 A CN201580021073 A CN 201580021073A CN 106457798 A CN106457798 A CN 106457798A
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- curable resin
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Abstract
本发明的课题为提供一种复合体,其片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性高,且强度高,为高透明。本发明提供一种复合体,其在含有平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维的片层的单面或两面,隔着被覆层而层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合体及其制造方法,所述复合体为:在以微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面具有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体;在以微细纤维作为主成分的片层(不织布层)的单面或两面,隔着被覆层(易粘接性层)而层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体(不织布树脂复合体)(以下称为“复合体”);在以微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面层叠有被覆层的复合体(以下称为“贴合用片”)及其制造方法。本发明进而涉及一种包含所述复合体的照明装置、投影装置、招牌或图像显示装置、触摸屏或者太阳电池。
背景技术
近年来,由于石油资源的代替以及环境意识的提高而关注可再生产的天然纤维的应用。天然纤维中纤维素纤维、特别是源自木材的纤维素纤维(纸浆)主要作为纸制品而广泛使用。纸中使用的纤维素纤维的宽度在大部分的情况下为10μm~50μm。由此种纤维素纤维所获得的纸(片)不透明,作为印刷用纸而广泛利用。另一方面,若利用精磨机(refiner)或捏合机(kneader)、砂磨机(sand grinder)等对纤维素纤维进行处理(打浆(beating)、粉碎),使纤维素纤维微细化(微原纤化(microfibrillating)),则获得透明纸(玻璃纸(glassine paper)等)。另外,从前包含纤维素纤维的不织布添加上浆剂(sizing agent)或纸力增强剂(paper strengthening agent)等,作为纸而用于印刷用纸或书籍等。进而,正在研究利用对于气体或液体等的透过性,将包含纤维素纤维的不织布用于过滤器、蓄电元件、电池或者电容器的隔膜等。
专利文献1中揭示有一种复合体,其特征在于:包含含有纤维素的不织布(a)及纤维素以外的树脂(b),且(a)成分为0.1重量%以上、99重量%以下,(b)成分为1重量%以上、99.9重量%以下。专利文献1中,含有纤维素的不织布(a)的空孔是由纤维素以外的树脂(b)来填充。
专利文献2中记载有一种带有硬涂层的塑料膜,其在透明塑料膜上层叠有底涂层及硬涂层。构成硬涂层的树脂为含有5官能以上的(甲基)丙烯酸酯、单官能的(甲基)丙烯酸酯以及光聚合引发剂作为必需成分的树脂组合物的硬化物。专利文献2中使用的透明塑料为聚酯膜,特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)膜。
专利文献3中记载有将平均纤维径为0.1μm~20μm的纤维素纤维与平均纤维径小于100nm的纤维素纳米纤维进行制纸而成的不织布、以及包含所述不织布的蓄电池元件用隔膜。
[现有技术文献]
[专利文献]
专利文献1:日本专利特开2006-316253号公报
专利文献2:日本专利特开平9-300549号公报
专利文献3:日本专利特开2012-36517号公报
发明内容
[发明要解决的问题]
本发明的课题在于可解决如下问题:提供一种树脂层的密合性高、且为高透明的不织布与树脂的复合体。
另外,本发明的课题在于可解决如下问题:提供高强度且透明性高的复合体,另外,以微细纤维素纤维作为主成分的片(片层)、与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性高的复合体,以微细纤维素纤维作为主成分的片(片层)、与被覆层的密合性高的贴合用片。
[解决问题的技术手段]
本发明人为了解决所述课题而进行积极研究。其结果为发现:通过在含有平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维的不织布层的单面或两面,隔着易粘接性层来层叠树脂层,可提供树脂层的密合性高、且为高透明的不织布树脂复合体,从而完成本发明。
详细而言,本发明人为了解决所述课题而进行积极研究。其结果为发现:1)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片(以下称为“片层”)的单面或两面层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体为高强度且高透明。另外发现,2)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面,隔着被覆层而层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体,3)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面层叠有被覆层的贴合用片的各层间的密合性高、高强度且高透明,从而完成本发明。
即,依据本发明来提供以下的发明。
(1)一种复合体,其在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面具有硬化性树脂层或膜层。
(2)根据(1)所述的复合体,其中微细纤维的平均纤维宽度为2nm~100nm。
(3)根据(1)或(2)所述的复合体,其中片层的密度为0.90g/cm3以上。
(4)根据(1)至(3)中任一项所述的复合体,其中片层为不织布。
(5)根据(1)至(4)中任一项所述的复合体,其中微细纤维为包含纤维素纤维的纤维。
(6)根据(1)至(5)中任一项所述的复合体,其中隔着设置于片层的单面或两面的被覆层而层叠硬化性树脂层或膜层。
(7)根据(6)所述的复合体,其中片层的厚度为2μm~150μm,被覆层的厚度为0.1μm~30μm,硬化性树脂层或膜层的厚度为0.2μm~100μm。
(8)根据(6)或(7)所述的复合体,其中片层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性在依据JIS标准K5400的划格试验中,100块中的剥离数为10以下。
(9)根据(6)至(8)中任一项所述的复合体,其中全光线透过率为85%以上,雾度为10%以下。
(10)根据(6)至(9)中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为有机成分与无机成分的混成材。
(11)根据(10)所述的复合体,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材包含具有硅骨架的有机成分及无机成分。
(12)根据(10)或(11)所述的复合体,其中有机成分为包含选自甲基、巯基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酰基、乙烯基及氨基中的至少一种的成分。
(13)根据(10)至(12)中任一项所述的复合体,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材为倍半硅氧烷。
(14)根据(6)至(9)中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为选自热硬化性树脂、热塑性树脂、以及光硬化性树脂中的至少一种。
(15)根据(6)至(9)中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为粘着剂。
(16)一种贴合用片,其在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的纤维素微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面具有被覆层。
(17)根据(16)所述的片,其中被覆层为有机成分与无机成分的混成材。
(18)根据(17)所述的片,其中有机成分为包含选自甲基、巯基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酰基、乙烯基及氨基中的至少一种的成分。
(19)根据(17)或(18)所述的片,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材为倍半硅氧烷。
(20)一种复合体,其在根据(16)~(19)的片上层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层。
(21)一种复合体的制造方法,其包括:在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面设置被覆层的步骤;以及在所述被覆层的与片层相反的一侧的表面上设置硬化性树脂层或膜层的步骤。
(22)根据(21)所述的复合体的制造方法,其中片层与被覆层通过涂覆、或者贴合而层叠。
(23)根据(21)所述的复合体的制造方法,其中被覆层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层通过涂覆、或者贴合而层叠。
(24)一种照明装置、投影装置、招牌或图像显示装置、触摸屏或者太阳电池,其包含根据(1)至(20)中任一项所述的复合体。
[1]一种不织布树脂复合体,其在不织布层的单面或两面,隔着易粘接性层而层叠有树脂层,所述不织布层含有通过对纤维原料进行化学性处理及原纤化处理而获得的平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维。
[2]根据[1]所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中微细纤维的平均纤维宽度为2nm~100nm。
[3]根据[1]或[2]所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中不织布层的密度为0.90g/cm3以上。
[4]根据[1]至[3]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中不织布层的厚度为2μm~150μm,易粘接性层的厚度为0.1μm~30μm,树脂层的厚度为0.2μm~50μm。
[5]根据[1]至[4]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中树脂层的密合性在依据JIS标准K5400的划格试验中,100块中的剥离数为10以下。
[6]根据[1]至[5]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中全光线透过率为85%以上,雾度为10%以下。
[7]根据[1]至[6]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中易粘接性层包含树脂。
[8]根据[1]至[7]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中易粘接性层包含聚酯树脂或者倍半硅氧烷系树脂。
[9]根据[1]至[8]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中树脂层为通过利用紫外线处理或者热处理,将硬化性树脂前体进行硬化而获得的树脂层。
[10]根据[1]至[9]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体,其中微细纤维为包含纤维素纤维的纤维。
[11]一种制造根据[1]至[10]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体的方法,其包括:
在不织布层的单面或两面设置易粘接性层的步骤,所述不织布层含有通过对纤维原料进行化学性处理及原纤化处理而获得的平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维;以及
在所述易粘接性层的与不织布层相反的一侧的表面上设置树脂层的步骤。
[12]一种照明装置、投影装置、招牌或图像显示装置、触摸屏或者太阳电池,其包含根据[1]至[10]中任一项所述的不织布树脂复合体。
[发明的效果]
依据本发明,提供一种树脂层的密合性高、且为高透明的不织布与树脂的复合体。更详细而言,依据本发明,提供:1)高强度且高透明的复合体;2)片层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性高、高强度且高透明的复合体;3)片层与被覆层的密合性高、高强度且高透明的贴合用片。
附图说明
图1表示硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层而层叠于片层的单面的复合体。
图2表示硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层而层叠于片层的两面的复合体。
[符号的说明]
1:片层
2:被覆层
3:硬化性树脂层或膜层
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明进一步进行详细说明。此外,本说明书中记载的材料、方法及数值范围等的说明并不意图限定于所述材料、方法及数值范围等,另外,也不排除其以外的材料、方法及数值范围等的使用。数值范围“x~y”包含两端的值x及y。所谓主成分是指以质量为基准而含量最多的成分。
本发明的不织布树脂复合体的特征在于:在不织布层的单面或两面,隔着易粘接性层而层叠有树脂层,所述不织布层含有通过对纤维原料进行化学性处理及原纤化处理而获得的平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维。即,本发明的不织布树脂复合体为至少包含不织布层、易粘接性层及树脂层的层叠体。更详细而言,本发明的复合体的特征在于为:1)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体;2)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面,隔着被覆层而层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体;3)在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面层叠有被覆层的贴合用片。即,本发明的复合体为:1)包括片层、及硬化性树脂层或膜层此两层的复合体;2)包括片层、被覆层、及硬化性树脂层或膜层此三层的复合体;3)包括片层及被覆层此两层的贴合用片。
硬化性树脂层或膜层可层叠于片层的单面或两面。图1表示硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层而层叠于片层的单面的情况。图2表示硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层而层叠于片层的两面的情况。
[片层(不织布层)]
本发明的片层是以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分。微细纤维只要是平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维,则其种类并无特别限定,可为微细纤维素纤维,也可为微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维,也可为微细纤维素纤维、与微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维的混合物。微细纤维优选为纤维素纤维。
后文对微细纤维素纤维的详情进行说明。微细纤维素纤维以外的纤维例如可列举:无机纤维、有机纤维、合成纤维等、半合成纤维、再生纤维,并无特别限定。无机纤维例如可列举:玻璃纤维、岩石纤维(rock fiber)、金属纤维等,但并不限定于这些纤维。有机纤维例如可列举:碳纤维、甲壳质(chitin)、壳聚糖(chitosan)等源自天然物的纤维等,但并不限定于这些纤维。合成纤维例如可列举:尼龙、维纶(vinylon)、亚乙烯基(vinylidene)、聚酯、聚烯烃(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯等)、聚氨基甲酸酯、丙烯酸、聚氯乙烯、芳族聚酰胺等,但并不限定于这些纤维。半合成纤维可列举:乙酸酯、三乙酸酯、普罗米克斯(Promix)等,但并不限定于这些纤维。再生纤维例如可列举:人造丝(rayon)、铜铵人造丝(cuprammoniumrayon)、富纤人造丝(polynosic rayon)、莱赛尔(Lyocell)、天丝(Tencel)等,但并不限定于这些纤维。在将微细纤维素纤维与微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维混合使用的情况下,微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维可视需要而实施化学性处理、原纤化处理等处理。微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维可与微细纤维素纤维进行混合后实施化学性处理、原纤化处理等处理,也可对微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维进行化学性处理、原纤化处理等处理后与微细纤维素纤维混合。在混合微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维的情况下,微细纤维素纤维与微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维的合计量中的微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维的添加量并无特别限定,优选为50质量%以下。所述微细纤维素纤维以外的微细纤维的添加量更优选为40质量%以下,进而优选为30质量%以下,特别优选为20质量%以下。
<微细纤维素纤维>
本发明中,也可使用通过对纤维素原料进行化学性处理及原纤化处理而获得的微细纤维素纤维作为微细纤维。
纤维素原料可列举:制纸用纸浆,棉绒(cotton linter)或皮棉(cotton lint)等棉系纸浆,麻、麦秆、蔗渣(bagasse)等非木材系纸浆,自海鞘(sea squirt)或海草等中分离出的纤维素等,并无特别限定。这些纤维素原料中,就获取的容易度的方面而言,优选为制纸用纸浆,并无特别限定。制纸用纸浆可列举:化学纸浆(chemical pulp)、半化学纸浆(semichemical pulp)、机械纸浆(mechanical pulp)、非木材纸浆、以及脱墨纸浆(deinkedpulp),并无特别限定。化学纸浆可列举:阔叶树硫酸盐浆(hardwood kraft pulp)、针叶树硫酸盐浆(softwood kraft pulp)、亚硫酸盐浆(sulfite pulp,SP)、烧碱法浆(soda pulp,AP)等。此处,阔叶树硫酸盐浆可列举:漂白硫酸盐浆(bleached Kraft Pulp)(阔叶树漂白硫酸盐浆(Laubholz Bleached Kraft Pulp,LBKP))、未漂白硫酸盐浆(unbleached KraftPulp)(阔叶树未漂白硫酸盐浆(laubholz unbleached kraft pulp,LUKP))、氧漂白硫酸盐浆(oxygenbleached kraft pulp)(阔叶树氧漂白硫酸盐浆(hardwood oxygen-bleachedkraft pulp,LOKP))等。另外,针叶树硫酸盐浆可列举:漂白硫酸盐浆(针叶树漂白硫酸盐浆(needle bleached kraft pulp,NBKP))、未漂白硫酸盐浆(针叶树未漂白硫酸盐浆(needle unbleached kraft pulp,NUKP))、氧漂白硫酸盐浆(针叶树氧漂白硫酸盐浆(needle oxygen-bleached kraft pulp,NOKP))等。半化学纸浆可列举:半化学纸浆(semichemical pulp,SCP)、化学磨木浆(chemi-ground wood pulp,CGP)等。机械纸浆可列举:磨木浆(ground wood pulp,GP)、热机械浆(热机械浆(thermo-mechanical pulp,TMP)、漂白化学热机械浆(bleached chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp,BCTMP))等。非木材纸浆可列举以楮(paper mulberry)、三桠(paper bush)、麻、红麻(kenaf)等作为原料的非木材纸浆。脱墨纸浆可列举以废纸作为原料的脱墨纸浆。这些纸浆中,就更容易获取的方面而言,优选为硫酸盐浆、脱墨纸浆、亚硫酸盐浆,并无特别限定。纤维素原料可单独使用一种,也可将两种以上混合使用。
微细纤维素纤维的(数量平均)纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm,更优选为数量平均纤维宽度为2nm~100nm。微细纤维素纤维也可为较通常在制纸用途中使用的纸浆纤维细得多的纤维素纤维或者棒状粒子。微细纤维素纤维为包含结晶部分的纤维素分子的聚集体,其结晶结构为I型(平行链)。微细纤维素纤维的数量平均纤维宽度可利用电子显微镜观察来测定。若微细纤维素纤维的平均纤维宽度小于2nm,则作为纤维素分子而溶解于水中,因此变得不再表现出作为微细纤维素纤维的物性(强度或刚性、尺寸稳定性)。此处,微细纤维素纤维取得I型结晶结构的情况,可根据如下情况来鉴定:在衍射分布(diffraction profile)中,在2θ=14°~17°附近及2θ=22°~23°附近的两处位置具有典型的峰值。此处所谓的衍射分布是根据使用以石墨而单色化的CuKα的广角X射线衍射照片来获得的衍射分布。另外,以如下方式通过电子显微镜观察来测定微细纤维素纤维的纤维宽度测定。制备浓度为0.05质量%~0.1质量%的微细纤维素纤维的水系悬浮液,将所述悬浮液流延于经亲水化处理的碳膜被覆栅格上,作为透射电子显微镜(Transmission ElectronMicroscope,TEM)观察用试样。在包含宽度广的纤维的情况下,也可对流延于玻璃上的表面的扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)像进行观察。根据所构成的纤维的宽度,以1000倍、5000倍、10000倍或者50000倍的任一倍率来进行电子显微镜图像的观察。其中,试样、观察条件或倍率是以满足下述条件的方式进行调整。
(1)在观察图像内的任意部位引一根直线X,相对于所述直线X,20根以上的纤维交叉。
(2)在相同图像内引与所述直线垂直交叉的直线Y,相对于所述直线Y,20根以上的纤维交叉。
对于满足所述条件的观察图像,以目视来读取与直线X、直线Y交错的纤维的宽度。如此,至少观察到三组以上不重叠的表面部分的图像,对于各个图像,读取与直线X、直线Y交错的纤维的宽度。以所述方式读取至少20根×2×3=120根的纤维宽度。微细纤维素纤维的平均纤维宽度是以如上所述的方式读取的纤维宽度的平均值。
微细纤维素纤维的纤维长并无特别限定,优选为1μm~1000μm,进而优选为5μm~800μm,特别优选为10μm~600μm。若纤维长小于1μm,则难以形成微细纤维片。若超出1000μm,则微细纤维的浆料粘度变得非常高,难以操作。纤维长可根据TEM、SEM、原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)的图像分析来求出。
<化学性处理>
纤维素原料或者其他纤维原料(无机纤维、有机纤维、合成纤维等、半合成纤维、再生纤维等)的化学性处理的方法只要是可获得微细纤维的方法,则并无特别限定。处理的方法可列举例如臭氧处理、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl,TEMPO)氧化处理、酶处理、或者利用可与纤维素或纤维原料中的官能基形成共价键的化合物进行的处理等,但并不限定于这些处理。
臭氧处理的一例可列举日本专利特开2010-254726号公报中记载的方法,并无特别限定。具体而言,将纤维进行臭氧处理后,分散于水中,对所得的纤维的水系分散液进行粉碎处理。
TEMPO氧化处理的一例可列举《生物大分子(Biomacromolecules)8》第2485页~第2491页2007年(斋藤(Saito)等人)中记载的方法,并无特别限定。
酶处理的一例可列举国际公开WO2013/176033(WO2013/176033的内容全部引用于本说明书中)中记载的方法,并无特别限定。具体而言为:至少在酶的内切葡聚醣酶(endoglucanase,EG)活性与纤维二糖水解酶I(cellobiohydrolase I,CBHI)活性的比为0.06以上的条件下,利用酶对纤维原料进行处理的方法。
利用可与纤维素或纤维原料中的官能基形成共价键的化合物来进行的处理可列举以下方法,并无特别限定。
(1)利用日本专利特开2011-162608中记载的具有四级铵基的化合物来进行的处理;
(2)使用日本专利特开2013-136859(日本专利特开2013-136859的内容全部引用于本说明书中)中记载的羧酸系化合物的方法;以及
(3)使用国际公开WO2013/73652(WO2013/73652的内容全部引用于本说明书中)中记载的《选自结构中含有磷原子的含氧酸、聚含氧酸或者它们的盐中的至少一种化合物》的方法:
利用日本专利特开2011-162608号公报中记载的具有四级铵基的化合物来进行的处理是使纤维中的羟基与具有四级铵基的阳离子化剂进行反应,将所述纤维进行阳离子改性的方法。
使用日本专利特开2013-136859中记载的羧酸系化合物的方法可以如下方式进行。利用选自由具有两个以上羧基的化合物、具有两个以上羧基的化合物的酸酐、以及它们的衍生物所组成的组群中的至少一种羧酸系化合物,对纤维原料进行处理,在纤维原料中导入羧基。继而,利用碱溶液对导入有羧基的纤维原料进行处理。
利用国际公开WO2013/73652中记载的选自结构中含有磷原子的含氧酸、聚含氧酸或者它们的盐中的至少一种化合物(以下称为化合物A)来对纤维原料进行处理的方法可利用以下方法来进行。即,在纤维原料中混合化合物A的粉末或水溶液的方法、或者在纤维原料的浆料中添加化合物A的水溶液的方法等。化合物A可列举:磷酸、多磷酸、亚磷酸、膦酸、多膦酸或者它们的酯,并无特别限定。另外,这些化合物也可为盐的形式。具有磷酸基的化合物可列举:磷酸、磷酸的钠盐、磷酸的钾盐、磷酸的铵盐等,并无特别限定。磷酸的钠盐可列举:磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸三钠、焦磷酸钠及偏磷酸钠等。磷酸的钾盐可列举:磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸三钾、焦磷酸钾及偏磷酸钾等。磷酸的铵盐可列举:磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸三铵、焦磷酸铵、偏磷酸铵等。
<原纤化处理>
纤维素原料或者其他纤维原料(无机纤维、有机纤维、合成纤维等、半合成纤维、再生纤维等)可通过进行原纤化处理而微细化,获得数量平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维。原纤化处理步骤中,可使用原纤化处理装置,对所述化学性处理中获得的原料进行原纤化处理而获得微细纤维分散液。
原纤化处理装置可适当使用进行湿式粉碎的装置等。例如为:研磨机(石臼型粉碎机)、高压均质机、超高压均质机、高压碰撞型粉碎机、球磨机、圆盘型精磨机(diskrefiner)、锥形精磨机(conical refiner)、双轴混练机、振动磨机(vibration mill)、高速旋转下的均质混合机(homomixer)、超声波分散机、打浆机(beater)等。但,原纤化处理装置并不限定于所述装置。
本发明的片层是以微细纤维作为主成分。片层中使用的片例如可无特别限定地使用不织布、织布、纸、膜等。相对于片层的干燥重量,片层中所含的微细纤维的含量优选为50质量%以上,进而优选为60质量%以上,更优选为70质量%以上,特别优选为80质量%以上。片层的微细纤维的含量越高,可获得强度越高的片。
<片层的物性>
本发明中的片层的密度并无特别限定,优选为0.90g/cm3以上,更优选为1.00g/cm3以上,进而优选为1.10g/cm3以上。片层的密度的上限并无特别限定,通常为1.60g/cm3以下。
本发明中的片层的厚度并无特别限定,通常为1μm~300μm左右,优选为2μm~150μm,更优选为5μm~100μm,进而优选为5μm~50μm。
此外,片层也可为视目的而层叠有多层片层者。在使用多层片层的情况下,多层片层的合计厚度以及合计密度优选为在所述范围内。
[片层的形成]
形成片层时,制备包含微细纤维的悬浮液。所述悬浮液中也可添加亲水性高分子。亲水性高分子例如可列举:聚乙二醇、纤维素衍生物(羟基乙基纤维素、羧基乙基纤维素、羧基甲基纤维素等)、酪蛋白(casein)、糊精(dextrin)、淀粉、改性淀粉、聚乙烯醇、改性聚乙烯醇(乙酰乙酰基化聚乙烯醇等)、聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基甲醚、聚丙烯酸盐类、聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、氨基甲酸酯系共聚物等,并无特别限定。
另外,还可代替亲水性高分子而使用亲水性的低分子化合物。亲水性的低分子化合物可列举:甘油(glycerine)、赤藓糖醇(erythritol)、木糖醇(xylitol)、山梨糖醇(sorbitol)、半乳糖醇(galactitol)、甘露糖醇(mannitol)、乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、丁二醇等,并无特别限定。相对于微细纤维的固体成分100质量份,在添加亲水性高分子、或者亲水性的低分子化合物的情况下的添加量优选为1质量份至200质量份,更优选为1质量份至150质量份,进而优选为2质量份至120质量份,特别优选为3质量份至100质量份,并无特别限定。
涂覆于基材上的含有微细纤维的悬浮液为包含微细纤维及分散介质的液体。分散介质可使用水、有机溶剂,就操作性或成本的方面而言,优选为仅使用水,但并未特别限定。在使用有机溶剂的情况下,也优选为与水并用,但并未特别限定。与水并用的有机溶剂优选为醇系溶剂、酮系溶剂、醚系溶剂、乙酸酯系溶剂等极性溶剂,但并不特别限定于这些溶剂。醇系溶剂可列举甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇等。酮系溶剂可列举丙酮、甲基乙基酮等。醚系溶剂可列举二乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚、四氢呋喃等。乙酸酯系溶剂可列举乙酸乙酯等。
悬浮液中所含的微细纤维的固体成分浓度并无特别限定,优选为0.1质量%~20质量%,更优选为0.1质量%~10质量%,进而优选为0.5质量%~10质量%。若稀释后的固体成分浓度为所述下限值以上,则原纤化处理的效率提高,若为所述上限值以下,则可防止原纤化处理装置内的堵塞。
片层可通过将含有微细纤维的悬浮液涂覆于基材上来制备。基材可使用膜、织布、不织布所代表的片状者、板或者圆筒体,但并不特别限定于这些基材。基材的材质例如使用树脂、金属或者纸等,就可更容易制造含微细纤维的片的方面而言,优选为树脂或者纸,但并不特别限定于这些材质。树脂可列举:聚四氟乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸树脂等,并无特别限定。金属可列举铝、不锈钢、锌、铁、黄铜等,并无特别限定。纸基材例如可列举:单面有光纸(one-side glazedpaper)、道林纸(woodfree paper)、机械木浆纸(mechanical paper)、复印用纸、铜版纸(art paper)、涂布纸(coated paper)、牛皮纸、纸板、白板纸、新闻用纸、粗糙纸(roughpaper)等纸基材,并无特别限定。
涂覆含有微细纤维的悬浮液的涂覆机例如可使用:辊涂布机、凹版涂布机、模涂布机、帘幕涂布机、气刮刀涂布机等,并无特别限定。由于可使厚度更均匀,故而优选为模涂布机、帘幕涂布机、喷雾涂布机,更优选为模涂布机,但并不特别限定于这些涂覆机。
涂覆温度并无特别限定,优选为10℃~80℃,进而优选为10℃~60℃。若涂覆温度为所述下限值以上,则可容易涂覆含微细纤维的悬浮液,若为所述上限值以下,则可抑制涂覆中的分散介质的挥发。
通过对涂覆于基材上的含有微细纤维的悬浮液进行干燥而形成不织布层。干燥方法并无特别限定,可为非接触的干燥方法,也可为将片一边加以约束一边进行干燥的方法的任一种,也可将这些方法加以组合。
非接触的干燥方法并无特别限定,可应用:利用热风、红外线、远红外线或近红外线进行加热而干燥的方法(加热干燥法)、形成真空而进行干燥的方法(真空干燥法)。也可将加热干燥法与真空干燥法加以组合,通常应用加热干燥法。利用红外线、远红外线或近红外线的干燥可使用红外线装置、远红外线装置或近红外线装置来进行,并无特别限定。加热干燥法中的加热温度并无特别限定,优选为设为40℃~120℃,更优选为设为40℃~105℃。若将加热温度设为所述下限值以上,则可使分散介质迅速挥发,若为所述上限值以下,则可抑制加热所需要的成本以及微细纤维的因热而引起的变色。
[被覆层(易粘接性层)]
构成被覆层的成分并无特别限定,可使用:无机成分与有机成分的混成材、热硬化性树脂、光硬化性树脂、热塑性树脂等。所述树脂可列举:聚酯系树脂、氨基甲酸酯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、烯烃系树脂、氟系树脂、氯乙烯系树脂、苯乙烯系树脂、环氧系树脂、硅酮系树脂等。构成被覆层的成分优选为使用无机成分与有机成分的混成材。所述无机成分与有机成分的混成材、或者树脂可单独使用一种,还可并用两种以上。也可将无机成分与有机成分的混成材以及树脂并用。另外,还可使用粘着剂、粘着片等作为被覆层。
作为无机成分与有机成分的混成材,例如,被覆层可列举具有硅骨架的有机成分与无机成分的复合体。具有硅骨架的有机成分与无机成分的混成材例如可列举倍半硅氧烷等。
倍半硅氧烷为具有(RSiO3/2)n所表示的结构的网络型聚合物或者多面体团簇(polyhedral cluster)(式中,R表示有机基)。若在R中导入反应性取代基,则可利用所述反应性取代基来制作有机成分与无机成分的混成材的硬化物。倍半硅氧烷的结构已知有无规型结构、完全笼型结构、不完全笼型结构、梯型结构等。倍半硅氧烷可使用:荒川化学工业公司制造的康帕赛兰(Compoceran)SQ100系列、东亚合成股份有限公司制造的光硬化型SQ系列、小西化学工业股份有限公司制造的聚倍半硅氧烷SR系列等,并无特别限定。
构成无机成分与有机成分的混成材的有机成分可列举具有甲基、巯基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酰基、乙烯基、氨基的成分,包含至少一种以上的成分。具体的有机成分可列举胺等。
通过使用构成所述被覆层的成分,可制造片层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层(1:片层与硬化性树脂层、2:片层与膜层)的密合性高的复合体。
所述无机成分与有机成分的混成材中所含的有机成分容易与硬化性树脂层或膜层粘接,另一方面,混成材中所含的无机成分容易与片层粘接,因此片层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层的粘接性变得良好。通过使用无机成分与有机成分的混成材作为被覆层的成分,可制造强度高、且难以破裂的复合体。
使片层与被覆层粘接的方法并无特别限制,可列举涂布、贴合等方法。在通过涂布而使片层与被覆层粘接的情况下,可通过将包含构成所述被覆层的成分的溶液涂覆于片层上,视需要使其硬化而形成被覆层。硬化方法例如可列举:利用热而使其硬化的方法、通过放射线照射而硬化的方法等,但并不限定于这些方法。放射线可列举红外线、可见光线、紫外线等,但并不限定于这些放射线。在利用热而使其硬化的方法的情况下,例如也可使用热聚合引发剂,只要是可进行硬化的方法,则可无特别限制地使用。另外,还可使用粘着剂、包括粘着剂及剥离片的粘着剂(使用时将覆盖粘着剂的剥离片剥离而使用粘着剂;(例)商品名:无载体胶带(Non-Carrier Tape))、粘着片等,将片层与被覆层贴合。
本发明的被覆层的厚度并无特别限定,通常为0.1μm~50μm左右,优选为0.1μm~30μm,更优选为0.2μm~20μm,进而优选为0.5μm~10μm。
被覆层还可设为两层以上。在设为多层被覆层的情况下,多层被覆层的合计厚度优选为在所述范围内。
[硬化性树脂层或膜层(树脂层)]
构成硬化性树脂层或膜层的成分并无特别限定,可使用热塑性树脂、热硬化性树脂、光硬化性树脂等。构成硬化性树脂层或膜层的成分理想为使用对湿度、水、热、气体等具有阻挡能力的成分。硬化性树脂层或膜层也可层叠至少两层以上。
热塑性树脂可列举:苯乙烯系树脂、丙烯酸系树脂、芳香族聚碳酸酯系树脂、脂肪族聚碳酸酯系树脂、芳香族聚酯系树脂、脂肪族聚酯系树脂、脂肪族聚烯烃系树脂、环状烯烃系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚苯醚系树脂、热塑性聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚缩醛系树脂、聚砜系树脂、非晶性氟系树脂等,并无特别限制。
热硬化性树脂可列举:环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氧杂环丁烷树脂、酚树脂、脲树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、硅树脂、聚氨基甲酸酯树脂、烯丙基酯树脂、邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯树脂等,并无特别限制。
光硬化性树脂可列举:环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、氧杂环丁烷树脂等的前体,但并不限定于这些树脂。
树脂可单独使用,也可使用两种以上的不同树脂。
此外,所述热塑性树脂、热硬化性树脂以及光硬化性树脂中,最优选为光硬化性树脂。
热硬化性树脂的硬化剂例如可列举:多官能胺、聚酰胺、酸酐、酚树脂等,但并不特别限定于这些化合物。另外,热硬化性树脂的硬化催化剂例如可列举咪唑等,但并不特别限定于这些化合物。所述硬化剂、硬化催化剂可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。
使片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层粘接的方法、以及使片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层而粘接的方法并无特别限制,可列举涂布、贴合等方法。在通过涂布而在片层上粘接硬化性树脂层或膜层的情况下,可通过将包含树脂前体及硬化剂的溶液涂覆于片层上,使其硬化而形成硬化性树脂层或膜层。硬化方法例如可列举:利用热而使其硬化的方法、通过放射线照射而硬化的方法等,但并不限定于这些方法。放射线可列举红外线、可见光线、紫外线,但并不限定于这些放射线。在利用热而使其硬化的方法的情况下,例如也可使用热聚合引发剂,只要是可进行硬化的方法,则可无特别限制地使用。
另外,在通过涂布,隔着被覆层而在片层上粘接硬化性树脂层或膜层的情况下,可于在片层上涂覆被覆层后,利用与所述相同的方法,在被覆层上形成硬化性树脂层或膜层。
还可使用粘着剂、包括粘着剂及剥离片的粘着剂(使用时将覆盖粘着剂的剥离片剥离而使用粘着剂;(例)商品名:无载体胶带(Non-Carrier Tape))、粘着片等来作为被覆层,使片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层贴合。
本发明的硬化性树脂层或膜层的厚度并无特别限定,通常为0.1μm~100μm左右,优选为0.2μm~50μm,更优选为0.5μm~20μm,进而优选为1μm~10μm。
硬化性树脂层或膜层也可为视目的而层叠有多层的硬化性树脂层或膜层者。在使用多层硬化性树脂层或膜层的情况下,多层硬化性树脂层或膜层的合计厚度优选为在所述范围内。
利用所述方法,在片层上层叠例如对水具有阻挡能力的硬化性树脂层或膜层,由此可提高片层对水的阻挡能力。
[复合体(不织布与树脂的复合体)]
本发明的复合体为:1)在片层上层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体(两层);2)片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层来层叠而成的复合体(三层);3)在片层上层叠有被覆层的贴合用片(两层)。
1)在片层上层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层的复合体(两层)具有高强度且高透明的特征。2)片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层隔着被覆层来层叠而成的复合体(三层)具有高强度且高透明,并且片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性高的特征。3)在片层上层叠有被覆层的贴合用片(两层)具有高强度且高透明,并且片层与被覆层的密合性高的特征。
所述复合体、以及贴合用片的各层间的密合性优选为:在以下的实验例中记载的依据JIS标准K5400的划格试验中,100块中的剥离数为10以下,更优选为5以下,进而优选为3以下。
另外,本发明的复合体、以及贴合用片的特征在于透明性高。本发明的复合体的全光线透过率优选为70%以上,更优选为80%以上,进而优选为85%以上,进而更优选为90%以上。全光线透过率的上限并无特别限定,可为100%,也可为99%以下。本发明的复合体的雾度优选为10%以下,更优选为5%以下,进而优选为3%以下。
[复合体的用途(不织布树脂复合体的用途)]
本发明的复合体、以及贴合用片可用于液晶显示器、等离子体显示器、有机电致发光(electroluminescent,EL)显示器、场发射显示器、背投影电视机等图像显示装置等。进而,本发明的复合体还可用于照明装置、投影装置。进而,本发明的复合体、以及贴合用片可用于触摸屏或太阳电池(硅系太阳电池、色素增感太阳电池等)的配线基板或前面板、彩色滤光片基板等。在作为基板的用途中,也可与阻隔膜、氧化铟锡(indium tin oxide,ITO)、薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor,TFT)等层叠。
通过以下的实验例来对本发明进一步进行详细说明,但本发明并不限定于这些实验例。
[实施例]
(实验例1)
(1)片层(A)(有时也称为不织布层(A))的成膜
使用不织布作为片,利用下述方法制作片层(不织布层)。
使265g的磷酸二氢钠二水合物、以及197g的磷酸氢二钠溶解于538g的水中,获得磷酸系化合物的水溶液(以下称为“磷酸化试剂”)。
以含水率达到80质量%的方式,利用离子交换水将针叶树漂白硫酸盐浆(王子制纸股份有限公司制造,水分为50质量%,依据JIS P8121来测定的加拿大标准游离度(Canadian standard freeness,CSF)为700ml)进行稀释,获得纸浆悬浮液。在500g的所述纸浆悬浮液中添加210g的所述磷酸化试剂,利用105℃的鼓风干燥机,一边偶尔混练一边干燥至质量成为恒量为止。继而,利用150℃的鼓风干燥机,一边偶尔混练一边进行1小时加热处理,在纤维素中导入磷酸基。
继而,在导入有磷酸基的纤维素中添加5000ml的离子交换水,搅拌洗涤后进行脱水。利用5000ml的离子交换水将脱水后的纸浆进行稀释,一边搅拌,一边逐次少量地添加1N的氢氧化钠水溶液,至pH值达到12~13为止,获得纸浆悬浮液。然后,将所述纸浆悬浮液进行脱水,添加5000ml的离子交换水进行洗涤。将所述脱水洗涤进而重复1次。
在洗涤脱水后获得的纸浆中添加离子交换水,形成1.0质量%的纸浆悬浮液。以1200巴(bar)的操作压力,使所述纸浆悬浮液在高压均质机(尼鲁索尔维(NiroSoavi)公司制造的“潘德普拉斯(Panda Plus)2000”)中通过5次,获得微细纤维状纤维素悬浮液(1)。进而,以245MPa的压力,使所述微细纤维状纤维素悬浮液(1)在湿式微粒化装置(速技能机械(Sugino Machine)公司制造的“阿提莫麦哲(Ultimaizer)”)中通过5次,获得微细纤维状纤维素悬浮液(2)。微细纤维状纤维素的平均纤维宽度为4.2nm。
在微细纤维状纤维素悬浮液(2)中,以相对于100质量份的微细纤维状纤维素100质量份而成为15质量份的方式添加聚乙二醇(和光纯药公司制造:分子量为4000000)。此外,以固体成分浓度成为0.5质量%的方式进行浓度制备。以不织布的加工基重成为37.5g/m2的方式计量悬浮液,在市售的丙烯酸板上展开,在50℃的烘箱中进行干燥。此外,为了达到既定的基重,在丙烯酸板上配置拦截用的板,使所得的不织布成为四角形。通过以上的顺序,获得不织布层(A)(不织布层中所含的微细纤维状纤维素的含量为86.9质量%)。所得的不织布层(A)的厚度为25μm,密度为1.49g/cm3。
(2)被覆层(B)的成膜
将76重量份作为聚酯系树脂的UV涂布增稠剂(荒川化学工业公司制造的阿拉克特(Aracoat)AP2510,固体成分为30质量%)、10重量份的硬化剂(荒川化学工业公司制造的阿拉克特(Aracoat)CL2502,固体成分为20质量%)以及14重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合,获得易粘接性涂覆液。继而,使用迈尔棒(Mayer bar),在不织布层(A)的单面涂覆易粘接性涂覆液。然后,在100℃下干燥3分钟而使易粘接性涂覆液硬化,成膜为厚度1μm的被覆层(B)。通过以上的顺序,获得包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体。
(3)树脂层(C)的成膜
将80重量份的丙烯酸树脂组合物(荒川化学工业公司制造的“毕木赛特(BeamSet)381”)、以及20重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合,获得硬化性树脂前体溶液。在不织布层(A)·被覆层(B)复合体的被覆层(B)上,使用迈尔棒来涂覆所述硬化性树脂前体溶液。继而,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使硬化性树脂前体溶液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的单面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例2)
(1)被覆层(B)的成膜
在实验例1的(2)中,在不织布层(A)的单面成膜为被覆层(B)后,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度1.0μm的被覆层(B),获得包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体。
(2)树脂层(C)的成膜
在包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的单面,以与实验例1的(3)相同的顺序成膜为2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例3)
将50重量份的丙烯酸氨基甲酸酯树脂组合物(荒川化学工业公司制造的“毕木赛特(Beam Set)575CB”)、以及50重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合,获得硬化性树脂前体溶液。在实验例2的(1)中获得的包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的单面,使用迈尔棒来涂覆所述硬化性树脂前体溶液。继而,在80℃下干燥3分钟后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使硬化性树脂前体溶液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例4)
将40重量份的丙烯酸树脂组合物(艾迪科(Adeka)公司制造的“艾迪科欧普托玛(Adeka Optomer)HC500-60”)、以及60重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合,获得硬化性树脂前体溶液。在实施例2的(1)中获得的包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的单面,使用迈尔棒来涂覆所述硬化性树脂前体溶液。继而在100℃下干燥2分钟后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使硬化性树脂前体溶液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例5)
在实验例4中,将不织布层(A)的厚度设为50μm(密度为1.47g/cm3)。除了所述以外,以与实验例4相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例6)
在实验例4中,将不织布层(A)的厚度设为75μm(密度为1.46g/cm3)。除了所述以外,以与实验例4相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例7)
在实验例6中,将成膜于包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的两面的树脂层(C)的厚度设为10μm。除了所述以外,以与实验例6相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例8)
在实验例6中,将成膜于包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的两面的树脂层(C)的厚度设为20μm。除了所述以外,以与实验例6相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例9)
(1)被覆层(B)的成膜
将26重量份的倍半硅氧烷(荒川化学工业公司制造的“康帕赛兰(Compoceran)SQ107”)、14重量份的硬化剂(荒川化学工业公司制造的“HBSQ201”)、60重量份的异丙醇进行混合,获得粘接性涂覆液。继而,使用迈尔棒,在实验例1的(1)中获得的不织布层(A)的单面涂覆粘接性涂覆液。然后,在100℃下干燥3分钟后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使粘接性涂覆液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的被覆层(B)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的被覆层。通过以上的顺序,获得包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体。
(2)树脂层(C)的成膜
将40重量份的丙烯酸树脂组合物(艾迪科(Adeka)公司制造的“艾迪科欧普托玛(Adeka Optomer)HC500-60”)、以及60重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合,获得硬化性树脂前体溶液。在包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的单面,使用迈尔棒来涂覆所述硬化性树脂前体溶液。继而在100℃下干燥2分钟后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使硬化性树脂前体溶液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例10)
在实验例9中,将成膜于不织布层(A)的两面的被覆层(B)的厚度设为5.0μm,另外将成膜于包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的两面的树脂层(C)的厚度设为10μm。除了所述以外,以与实验例9相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例11)
在实验例10中,将不织布层(A)的厚度设为130μm(密度为1.42g/cm3)。除了所述以外,以与实验例10相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例12)
在实验例11中,将成膜于包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)的复合体的两面的树脂层(C)的厚度设为40μm。此外,在树脂层(C)的成膜中,为了增加硬化性树脂前体溶液的涂覆量来形成既定的膜厚,使用膜敷料器进行涂覆。除了所述以外,以与实验例11相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例13)
在实验例12中,设为成膜于不织布层(A)的两面的被覆层(B)的厚度25μm。此外,在被覆层(B)、以及树脂层(C)的成膜中,为了增加易粘接性涂覆液、以及硬化性树脂前体溶液的涂覆量来形成既定的膜厚,使用膜敷料器进行涂覆。除了所述以外,以与实验例12相同的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例14)
在实验例1的(1)中获得的不织布层(A)的单面,以与实验例1的(3)相同的顺序成膜为2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面直接层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例15)
在实验例1的(1)中获得的不织布层(A)的单面,使用迈尔棒来涂覆将40重量份的丙烯酸树脂组合物(艾迪科(Adeka)公司制造的“艾迪科欧普托玛(Adeka Optomer)HC500-60”)、以及60重量份的甲基乙基酮进行混合而获得的硬化性树脂前体溶液。继而在100℃下干燥2分钟后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(Eye Graphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”)来照射300mJ/cm2的紫外线,使硬化性树脂前体溶液硬化,成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面直接层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
(实验例16)
在实验例1的(1)中,以相对于100质量份的微细纤维状纤维素而成为150质量份的方式添加聚乙二醇(和光纯药公司制造:分子量为4000000),除此以外,以与实验例1的(1)相同的方式获得不织布层(A)(不织布层中所含的微细纤维状纤维素的含量为40质量%)。继而,以与实验例1的(3)相同的顺序成膜为2.5μm的树脂层(C)。进而,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度2.5μm的树脂层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的两面直接层叠有树脂层(C)的复合体。
<评价方法>
依据以下的评价方法,对于所述实验例中制作的复合体进行评价。将所述的评价结果示于表1中。
(1)密合性的评价(划格试验)
依据JIS标准K5400,在复合体的面上形成100个1mm2的划格,在其上贴附玻璃纸胶带(米其邦(Nichiban)公司制造),以1.5kg/cm2的荷重按压后,向90°方向剥离。根据所剥离的块数来评价不织布层(A)与树脂层(C)的密合性。
(2)复合体的全光线透过率
依据JIS标准K7105,使用雾度计(斯加试验机(Suga Test Instruments)公司制造的“HM-150”)来测定C光的全光线透过率。
(3)复合体的雾度
依据JIS标准K7136,使用雾度计(斯加试验机公司制造的“HM-150”)来测定C光的雾度值。
(4)拉伸弹性模量
依据JIS标准P8113,使用拉伸试验机(L&W公司制造的“破裂韧性试验机(fracturetoughness tester)SE-064”)来测定拉伸弹性模量。
[表1]
如表1所明示,在不织布层(A)上隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有树脂层(C)的实验例1~实验例13中,获得不织布层(A)与树脂层(C)的密合性高且高透明(全光线透过率高,雾度低)的复合体。另外,在微细纤维状纤维素的含量为86.9质量%的不织布层(A)上直接层叠有树脂层(C)的实验例(实验例14及实验例15)中,与在微细纤维状纤维素的含量为40质量%的不织布层(A)上直接层叠有树脂层(C)的实验例(实验例16)相比较,获得高强度且高透明的复合体。
(实验例17)
在实验例1中,制作在不织布层(A)上成膜有被覆层(B)且未成膜有树脂层(C)的复合体。即,制作包括不织布层(A)及被覆层(B)此两层的贴合用片(复合体)。对不织布层(A)与被覆层(B)的密合性进行评价。除此以外,全部利用与实验例1相同的方法进行试验。将结果示于表2中。
(实验例18)
在实验例17中,在不织布层的单面成膜为被覆层后,在不织布层的相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序成膜为厚度1.0μm的被覆层,除此以外,全部利用与实验例17相同的方法进行试验。将结果示于表2中。
[表2]
实验例17 | 实验例18 | |
不织布层(A)密度(g/cm3) | 1.49 | |
树脂层(C)的涂覆面(单面或两面) | - | - |
被覆层的涂覆面(单面或两面) | 单面 | 两面 |
不织布层(A)厚度(μm) | 25 | 25 |
被覆层(B)的厚度(μm) | 1 | 1 |
树脂层(C)厚度(μm/单面) | 2.5 | 2.5 |
被覆层(B)的密合性(剥离的块数) | 0/100 | 0/100 |
全光线透过率(%) | 92.8 | 92.4 |
雾度(%) | 1.1 | 1.2 |
如表2所明示,在不织布层(片层)上层叠有被覆层的贴合用片(实验例17及实验例18)的不织布层与被覆层的密合性高且为高透明。
(实验例19)
利用下述方法对实验例1中制作的复合体的破裂容易度进行评价(以下称为“破裂性的评价”)。将结果示于表3中。
<破裂性的评价>
用手将复合体(纵10cm×横10cm)弯折,基于下述基准,以目视来评价不织布复合体上是否产生龟裂。
○:未产生龟裂。
×:产生龟裂
(实验例20)
以与实验例19相同的方法,对实验例2中制作的复合体的破裂容易度进行评价。将结果示于表3中。
(实验例21)
在实验例1中,代替聚酯系树脂而使用倍半硅氧烷(荒川化学工业公司制造的“康帕赛兰(Compoceran)SQ107”)来作为被覆层,除此以外,全部利用与实验例1相同的方法进行试验。以与实验例19相同的方法,对所制作的复合体的破裂容易度进行评价。将结果示于表3中。
(实验例22)
在实验例2中,除了代替聚酯系树脂而使用倍半硅氧烷(荒川化学工业公司制造的“康帕赛兰(Compoceran)SQ107”)来作为被覆层以外,全部利用与实验例2相同的方法进行试验。以与实验例19相同的方法,对所制作的复合体的破裂容易度进行评价。将结果示于表3中。
[表3]
与使用聚酯系树脂作为被覆层的复合体(实验例19、实验例20)相比较,使用倍半硅氧烷作为被覆层的复合体(实验例21、实验例22)未产生龟裂(裂缝)。
(实验例23)
对于实验例1中获得的不织布层(A),贴合后UV型粘着剂(新达可化成(New TacKasei)制造的“DC011”,厚度为25μm)作为被覆层(B)。进而,在被覆层(B)的上表面贴合PET膜(东丽制造的“露米勒(Lumirror)S10”,厚度为25μm)作为膜层(C)。然后,使用UV输送装置(岩琦(EyeGraphics)公司制造的“ECS-4011GX”),自膜层(C)侧照射250mJ/cm2的紫外线6次,使被覆层(B)硬化。通过以上的顺序,获得在不织布层(A)的单面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有膜层(C)的复合体。将结果示于表4中。
(实验例24)
在实验例23中,在片层(A)的单面层叠被覆层(B)、以及膜层(C)后,在相反侧的面上,也以相同的顺序层叠被覆层(B)、以及膜层(C)。通过以上的顺序,获得在片层(A)的两面隔着被覆层(B)而层叠有膜层(C)的复合体。将结果示于表4中。
[表4]
关于使用粘着剂作为被覆层的复合体(实验例23、实验例24),不织布层(片层)与树脂层的密合性也良好。
Claims (24)
1.一种复合体,其在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面具有硬化性树脂层或膜层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合体,其中微细纤维的平均纤维宽度为2nm~100nm。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合体,其中片层的密度为0.90g/cm3以上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的复合体,其中片层为不织布。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的复合体,其中微细纤维为包含纤维素纤维的纤维。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合体,其中隔着设置于片层的单面或两面的被覆层,而层叠有硬化性树脂层或膜层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的复合体,其中片层的厚度为2μm~150μm,被覆层的每一层的厚度为0.1μm~30μm,硬化性树脂层或膜层的每一层的厚度为0.2μm~100μm。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的复合体,其中片层与硬化性树脂层或膜层的密合性在依据JIS标准K5400的划格试验中,100块中的剥离数为10以下。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的复合体,其中全光线透过率为85%以上,雾度为10%以下。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为有机成分与无机成分的混成材。
11.根据权利要求10所述的复合体,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材包含具有硅骨架的有机成分及无机成分。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的复合体,其中有机成分为包含选自甲基、巯基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酰基、乙烯基及氨基中的至少一种的成分。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任一项所述的复合体,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材为倍半硅氧烷。
14.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为选自热硬化性树脂、热塑性树脂、以及光硬化性树脂中的至少一种。
15.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的复合体,其中被覆层为粘着剂。
16.一种贴合用片,其在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的纤维素微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面具有被覆层。
17.根据权利要求16所述的片,其中被覆层为有机成分与无机成分的混成材。
18.根据权利要求17所述的片,其中有机成分为包含选自甲基、巯基、甲基丙烯酸基、丙烯酰基、乙烯基及氨基中的至少一种的成分。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的片,其中有机成分与无机成分的混成材为倍半硅氧烷。
20.一种复合体,其在根据权利要求16至19的片上层叠硬化性树脂层或膜层。
21.一种复合体的制造方法,其包括:
在以平均纤维宽度为2nm~1000nm的微细纤维作为主成分的片层的单面或两面上设置被覆层的步骤;以及
在所述被覆层的与片层相反的一侧的表面上设置硬化性树脂层或膜层的步骤。
22.根据权利要求21所述的复合体的制造方法,其中片层与被覆层通过涂覆、或者贴合而层叠。
23.根据权利要求21所述的复合体的制造方法,其中被覆层、与硬化性树脂层或膜层通过涂覆、或者贴合而层叠。
24.一种照明装置、投影装置、招牌或图像显示装置、触摸屏、或者太阳电池,其包括根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的复合体。
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TW201542366A (zh) | 2015-11-16 |
WO2015163281A1 (ja) | 2015-10-29 |
EP3135488B1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
KR20160145608A (ko) | 2016-12-20 |
US10532545B2 (en) | 2020-01-14 |
US20170043565A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
EP3135488C0 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
JP6950778B2 (ja) | 2021-10-13 |
EP3135488A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
EP3135488A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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JP6686880B2 (ja) | 2020-04-22 |
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