CN1064026C - 含硫化物废水的净化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种净化含硫化物废水的方法,包括:在反应器中,于氧气的存在下以硫化物氧化菌将硫化物氧化成元素硫,然后由废水中分离出至少一部分在氧化过程中所形成的硫,同时将由反应器废水中分离出的硫在反应器中循环,以使反应器中元素硫的浓度维持在至少1g/l。聚集物形式的硫用作硫化物氧化菌的载体材料。
Description
本发明涉及一种净化含硫化物废水的方法,该方法包括:在氧气的存在下,在反应器中通过硫化物氧化菌将硫化物氧化成元素硫,然后从废水中分离出至少一部分在氧化过程中生成的硫。
例如,国际专利申请WO91/16269已披露过这样的方法。在该方法中,采用了最小硫化物/生物之质量比。
国际专利申请WO92/10270公开了由废气中除去硫化合物的循环方法,其中,选择水溶液与废气接触,然后经过硫氧化菌的处理。将由细菌氧化形成的元素硫下述方式从水溶液中分离,即循环水溶液中剩余的元素硫为0.1-50g/l。
所有已知的细菌废水处理方法都面临着如何将细菌保存在反应器中的难题。这个难题通常是通过使用细菌载体材料来解决。载体一般分为两种类型:(1)流动载体,如浮石;然而,流动载体有如下缺点,即为使流动载体与待处理的废水混在一起,必须要维持剧烈的湍流或流化作用,而且,流动载体的一部分会干扰所形成的硫,这对硫的质量有损害;(2)固定载体,如合成材料的结构;固定载体也有很快会被阻塞的缺陷。再者,常规的流动载体和固体载体都将大幅度地增加处理厂的运行费用。
因此本发明的目的就在于提供一种新型的处理含硫废水的方法,该方法可解决上述流动载体及固定载体的缺陷。
现发现,与使用载体材料有关的难题可通过以下方法来解决,其中一部分从被处理的废水中分离出来的无素硫,在反应器中循环,以这样的方式使反应器中元素硫的浓度至少维持在1g/l。
更好的是,循环至有氧反应器中的已分离的元素硫的量要使硫的浓度至少在2g/l,优选至少3g/l,更优选至少4g/l。发现,在以上高硫浓度时由微生物氧化所产生的硫沉降更快,这样,通过使用相同类型的沉降器,就可以更有效地分离硫和液态废水。
而且更有迹象表明,在高硫浓度时,硫化物氧化菌可附着于所形成的硫上,这样,就可得到有效的生物-载体系统,而不需使用单独的载体材料。
在本发明的方法中,硫载体被优选用作硫化物氧化菌的载体材料。硫载体理解为直径远大于含硫溶胶中约1μm尺寸的硫颗粒。硫载体优选直径为至少50μm。硫浓度足够高时,硫载体才可形成;或者,在生物除硫化物开始时,可加入如上的硫载体。
有利的是,采用设有内沉降器的反应器,以便在反应器中由液态废水中分离出生物和至少一部分所形成的硫。带有内沉降器的反应器的例子有,如图1所示的所谓的气升循环反应器(airlift-loop)。根据图1的反应器在纵向上分为两个室1和2,在两个室中分别有上升流和下降流。废水由管线3供入,而已净化的水则由管线4抽出。空气由5供入,并在反应器中产生纵向流动。硫可在沉降器6中沉降,并通过其底部上的开口回到反应器中。澄清水可由溢流7和管线4抽出。任何多余的淤渣和/或硫都可通过管线8除去。用过的空气由通风口9排出。
另一种可于其中分离出生物和(一部分)硫的反应器的例子为流化床反应器。在该反应器中,沉降器在有氧反应器中一体形成。
将硫化物氧化成硫最好是在以下这样的反应器中进行,在该反应器中通过含氧气流可维持纵向的循环。如图1所示的气动环反应器即可用于此目的。例如在欧洲专利申请EP-A-24758中,我们可知道一种通过含氧气流来维持纵向循环的反应器。
然而,以下也是相当可行的,即在处于反应器下游的二级沉降器中分离硫和选择性地分离生物,然后将分离的物质全部或部分地循环至反应器。这种设计可以与“固定膜反应器”联合使用,其中,细菌既可在固定载体材料也可在硫载体上生长。
更进一步发现,在厌氧反应器中使用大的淤渣负荷,特别是硫化物反应器体积负荷超过100mg/l.h,更特别是超过200mg/l.h是有利的。但是,硫化物地负荷不能过高,以避免过高浓度的含硫溶液和过高的废水硫化物浓度。废水中硫化物的浓度应优选小于50mg/l,更优选小于20mg/l。
以全部或部分净化了水有选择地稀释流入液体,即可调节所期望的硫化物浓度。通过采用循环流动,可提供波动变化的供入浓度。
可用于本发明的细菌属于无色硫菌群,包括硫芽孢杆菌属(Thiobacillus),硫微螺菌属(Thiomicrospira),硫化叶菌属(Sulfolobus)和Thermothrixo,
多数情况下,都希望以下面的方式来控制将硫化物氧化成硫,一方面,残留在废水中的硫要尽能地少,另一方面,实质上要减少氧化成更高氧化态的硫化合物。通过调节氧气的供入,或调节反应器中细菌的量,氧化过程可以得到控制。当用供氧量来控制反应时,最好以0.5-1.5摩尔氧气/每摩尔硫化物的比例将氧送入反应器中。当以细菌的量来控制反应时,硫化物与细菌的比最好是使细菌中每mg的氮对应至少10mgS2-,优选至少20mg,更优选至少30mgS2-/mg N.h。氧浓度可在很宽的范围内变化,优选在0.01-9.0mg O2/每升反应器中的物质的范围。更优选的是,氧浓度在0.01-1.0mg/l的范围。最好的是,用空气作为含氧气体使用。
发现高浓度的钠离子和其他的一价阳离子如其他碱金属离子对元素硫的沉降趋势有不利影响,继而对其作为载体材料的有效性也产生负面影响。因此,要使在将硫化物氧化成硫的过程中一价阳离子浓度低于例如0.25mol/l。二价或多价阳离子,如镁,很少或完全不干扰硫的絮凝,因此,这些金属离子可有利地存在。而且,二价或多价金属离子的存在似乎能抵消一价阳离子的负面影响,其结果是,如果待处理的废水中含有如镁离子,最好在1-100mg/l的浓度范围内,以上所提及的对一价阳离子的最低限度可以更高此。
在本发明的方法中,反应器中的pH值最好不要高于9.5对pH值的最低限度没有要求,其可低于5,因为已知硫化物氧化菌在低至pH0.5时还可生长。实际上,pH值范围最好在7.5-9.0。
在净化含高浓度硫化物的废水时,氧化反应也能以两步进行,其中,第一步中实施如上所述的控制条件,然后在后处理中进一步氧化残留的硫化物和硫,以及可能存在的有机物质。
因此,本发明的方法可用来净化含有可被氧化成硫元素的硫化物或其他硫化合物的废水或其他水流,所说的硫化物或硫化合物可例如硫醇,苯硫酚、二烷基硫醚、二硫化物,多硫化物、二硫化碳,等等。
本发明的方法也可用于含氧化硫化合物的水流的部分处理,所说的氧化硫化合物例如硫酸盐,亚硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、磺酸、亚砜,等等。氧化的化合物首先厌氧还原成硫化物,优选生物还原,然后根据所述的方法将硫化物转化成硫。特别地,用于厌氧步骤,即将硫化合物还原成硫化物的硫还原菌和硫酸盐还原菌(SRR)可为以下细菌的种属,脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、脱硫肠状菌(Desulfotomaculum)、脱硫单孢菌(Desulfomonas)、热脱硫杆菌(Thermodesulfbacterium)、脱硫叶菌(Desulfbulbus)、脱硫菌(Desulfobacter)、脱硫球菌(Desulfococcus)、脱硫腺菌(Desulfonema)、脱硫八叠球菌(Desulfosarcina)、脱硫杆菌(Desulfobacterium)和脱硫还原弯形菌(Desulfuromas)。
实施例1
在容量为8升的混合反应器中,在氧气(2-4mg/l)的存在下于pH8下用硫化物氧化菌处理含硫化物的水(硫化物供入量:0.5g/hour;硫化物负荷:12kg/m3day),其停留时间为10小时。所产硫酸盐产量极少,而产物的其余成分(>95%)为元素硫。
元素硫的浓度在700mg/l-6g/l之间变化。发现硫浓度的增加导致硫沉降率的极大增加。图2所示为作为硫浓度函数的沉降变化图;所用样品取自该反应器中。
实施例2
在容量为2升的气升循环反应器(如图1所示的一种立式反应器,在其底部有空气供入管,在其顶部有内沉降器)中,在pH8下以硫化物氧化菌处理含硫化物的水(硫化物浓度500mg/l;硫化物负荷12kg/m3day),其停留时间为1小时。元素硫的浓度维持在2-4g/l之间。由于其内沉降器,超过95%的硫仍留存在反应器中。图3为取自这种反应器的样品(上线)与取自混合反应器的相似样品(下线)的沉降变化图的比照。其表明,在气升循环反应器中可更有效地分离硫,而使得该反应器可在不需额外载体下运行。
实施例3
在如图1所示的容量为10m3的气动环反应器中,在pH8.5下以硫化物氧化菌处理含硫化物的流体(硫化物浓度300mg/l,硫化物负荷2.5kg/m3.day),其停留时间为3 1/3小时。由于内沉降器的运行,元素硫的浓度保持在3g/l以上。反应器中的氧浓度维持在0.01-0.5mg/l之间,其随供水中硫化物的负荷的波动而波动。通过控制氧化空气的供入,去除硫化物的效率可超过90%,而90-100%的已去除的硫化物都转化为元素硫。
Claims (11)
1、净化含硫化物废水的方法,其包括:在反应器中,在氧气的存在下以硫化物氧化菌将硫化物氧化成元素硫,然后由废水中分离出至少一部分在氧化过程中所形成的硫,其特征在于,在反应器中循环一部分由废水中分离出的元素硫,以使反应器中元素硫的浓度维持在至少1g/l。
2、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,硫化物氧化菌附着在包含硫载体的载体材料上。
3、如权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,通过使用反应器中的内沉降器,将硫由反应器介质中分离出来。
4、如权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,氧化反应是在反应器中进行的,在所说的反应器中借助含氧气流来保持纵向循环。
5、如权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,通过使用反应器之外的外沉降器,将硫由液态废水中分离出来。
6、如权利要求1的方法,其中,硫氧化菌附着在固定膜上。
7、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在反应器中要维持至少2g/l的元素硫浓度。
8、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在反应器中要维持至少3g/l的元素硫浓度。
9、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,在反应器中硫化物的体积载荷要超过200mg/l.h。
10、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,废水含有浓度为1-100mg/l的二价或多价金属离子。
11、如权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述废水在含有含氧硫化物如硫酸盐或亚硫酸盐时,先用硫酸盐还原菌处理。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL9301000A NL9301000A (nl) | 1993-06-10 | 1993-06-10 | Werkwijze voor de zuivering van sulfidehoudend afvalwater. |
NL9301000 | 1993-06-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1125432A CN1125432A (zh) | 1996-06-26 |
CN1064026C true CN1064026C (zh) | 2001-04-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN94192415A Expired - Lifetime CN1064026C (zh) | 1993-06-10 | 1994-06-09 | 含硫化物废水的净化方法 |
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US (1) | US5637220A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0702663B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2693272B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100345996B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1064026C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE148082T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU673753B2 (zh) |
BG (1) | BG61602B1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9406771A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2164090C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ285687B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69401586T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0702663T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2096474T3 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI117382B (zh) |
HU (1) | HUT77974A (zh) |
NL (1) | NL9301000A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO310769B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL176634B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2109692C1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW315358B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994029227A1 (zh) |
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EP0845288A1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1998-06-03 | Thiopaq Sulfur Systems B.V. | Process for biological removal of sulphide |
NL1006339C2 (nl) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-21 | Stork Eng & Contractors Bv | Werkwijze voor het ontzwavelen van afgassen. |
JP3863995B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-19 | 2006-12-27 | ダイワ工業株式会社 | 脱窒機能を有する水処理装置 |
KR100284313B1 (ko) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-02 | 이성기 | 난분해 독성화학물질을 분해하는 세균 공동체 이비씨1000 및 이를 이용하여 산업폐수, 폐기물, 토양 등을 오염시키는 난분해 독성화학물질을 생물학적으로 교정하는 방법 |
US6521201B1 (en) | 2001-02-14 | 2003-02-18 | Uop Llc | Process for recovery of high purity hydrophilic sulfur |
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US6527948B2 (en) * | 2001-03-31 | 2003-03-04 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Apparatus for purification of waste water and a “RFLR” device for performing the same |
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AU2003230089B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2008-12-11 | Water Research Commission | Treatment of water |
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WO2005044742A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-05-19 | Paques B.V. | Process for the biological treatment of sulphur salts |
US20080190844A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2008-08-14 | Richard Alan Haase | Methods, processes and apparatus for biological purification of a gas, liquid or solid; and hydrocarbon fuel from said processes |
FI119379B (fi) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-10-31 | Outotec Oyj | Tapa tehostaa selkeytystä sekoitusreaktorissa ja sekoitusreaktori |
JP5267190B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-08-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 硫黄系cod成分を含有する廃水の処理方法 |
TWI385126B (zh) * | 2008-12-17 | 2013-02-11 | Univ Nat Kaohsiung 1St Univ Sc | 污泥無害化及安定化之生物處理方法及其裝置 |
CN102451607B (zh) * | 2010-10-21 | 2016-05-18 | 李红玉 | 一种用于吸收硫化氢的内外双循环反应的方法和装置 |
JP5923512B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-02 | 2016-05-24 | 香港科技大学The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology | 電子伝達体としてイオウ化合物を利用して汚泥産出を最小限にする、生物学的な廃水の処理及び再利用 |
CN102399721B (zh) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-02-20 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | 一种海洋硫氧化盐硫杆菌菌株hmgs18及其应用 |
CN102874770B (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2015-05-06 | 刘立文 | 一种利用硫酸钙生产硫酸的方法 |
PE20160725A1 (es) | 2013-09-26 | 2016-08-05 | Paques Ip Bv | Un proceso para eliminar el sulfuro de una solucion acuosa |
KR102394301B1 (ko) * | 2014-02-03 | 2022-05-03 | 파?? 비.브이. | 이황화물의 원소 황으로의 생물학적 전환 방법 |
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DE102014113620A1 (de) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-03-24 | Ftu Gmbh | Puzzolane zur Abgasreinigung |
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CN108430937A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-21 | 环球油品公司 | 生物去除水中硫化物的方法 |
EP3445725A4 (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2019-11-20 | Uop Llc | NON-EXTRACTION BIOREACTOR FOR BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION OF SULFIDE IN WASTEWATER |
AU2017375056A1 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-07-11 | Paques I.P. B.V. | Aerated reactor with internal solids separation |
US10538444B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-01-21 | Uop Llc | Digestion of elemental sulfur in bioreactor during biological oxidation of sulfide in wastewater and groundwater |
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CA3083996A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | Valmet Technologies Oy | A method and a system for adjusting s/na -balance of a pulp mill |
SA119400547B1 (ar) | 2018-03-15 | 2021-12-13 | انديان اويل كوربوريشين ليمتد | نظام حيوي غير عضوي فعال لعلاج تيارات مياه صرف متضمنة كبريتيد ومحتوية على ملوثات أخرى |
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- 1994-06-09 AT AT94917828T patent/ATE148082T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-09 PL PL94311869A patent/PL176634B1/pl unknown
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- 1994-06-09 KR KR1019950705514A patent/KR100345996B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-09 EP EP94917828A patent/EP0702663B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-09 CN CN94192415A patent/CN1064026C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-09 DE DE69401586T patent/DE69401586T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-09 RU RU96100756A patent/RU2109692C1/ru active
- 1994-06-09 CZ CZ953249A patent/CZ285687B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-09 HU HU9503517A patent/HUT77974A/hu unknown
- 1994-06-09 DK DK94917828.9T patent/DK0702663T3/da active
- 1994-06-09 AU AU69379/94A patent/AU673753B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-06-09 US US08/556,900 patent/US5637220A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI955915A0 (fi) | 1995-12-08 |
HUT77974A (hu) | 1999-01-28 |
ATE148082T1 (de) | 1997-02-15 |
CN1125432A (zh) | 1996-06-26 |
BR9406771A (pt) | 1996-02-27 |
AU673753B2 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
NO310769B1 (no) | 2001-08-27 |
FI955915A (fi) | 1995-12-08 |
BG100205A (bg) | 1996-11-29 |
ES2096474T3 (es) | 1997-03-01 |
NO954862D0 (no) | 1995-11-30 |
CZ285687B6 (cs) | 1999-10-13 |
JP2693272B2 (ja) | 1997-12-24 |
EP0702663B1 (en) | 1997-01-22 |
AU6937994A (en) | 1995-01-03 |
KR100345996B1 (ko) | 2002-12-11 |
PL311869A1 (en) | 1996-03-18 |
FI117382B (fi) | 2006-09-29 |
BG61602B1 (bg) | 1998-01-30 |
NL9301000A (nl) | 1995-01-02 |
JPH08506271A (ja) | 1996-07-09 |
EP0702663A1 (en) | 1996-03-27 |
PL176634B1 (pl) | 1999-07-30 |
TW315358B (zh) | 1997-09-11 |
CZ324995A3 (en) | 1996-04-17 |
CA2164090A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
HU9503517D0 (en) | 1996-03-28 |
CA2164090C (en) | 2000-03-28 |
DK0702663T3 (da) | 1997-06-30 |
DE69401586T2 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
NO954862L (no) | 1995-12-08 |
RU2109692C1 (ru) | 1998-04-27 |
WO1994029227A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
DE69401586D1 (de) | 1997-03-06 |
US5637220A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
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