CN106386338B - A kind of construction method of the dual-purpose woods of Cenxi switch oil tea dense planting fruit ear - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a dual-purpose forest of Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera densely planted with fruits and ears. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting excellent clones of the Cenxi soft-branch camellia series for afforestation; For afforestation land that is suitable for horticultural management, prepare the land in advance and dig planting holes according to the appropriate planting density and afforestation arrangement, and apply sufficient base fertilizer; before the spring shoots of seedlings germinate in January and February, choose cloudy or light rainy days for planting; (3) Through the horticultural measures of intertillage tending, balanced fertilization, and timely watering, the tree vigor can grow vigorously; through artificial shaping measures, tree shape cultivation and canopy cultivation are carried out; when the yield and quality of stand fruits and ears begin to decline Make density adjustments. The method of the invention utilizes the excellent clones of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera for dense planting and afforestation, regulation and control of tree shape and three-dimensional structure, timely adjustment of density and horticultural management, and has the characteristics of high ear yield, excellent quality, low cost, and high early management benefits.

Description

A method for constructing a double-purpose forest of soft branch camellia oleifera densely planted with fruit and ear in Cenxi

technical field

The invention relates to a construction method of an economical tree, fruit and ear dual-purpose forest, in particular to a construction method of a Cenxi soft-twig oil-tea camellia densely planted fruit-ear dual-purpose forest, which belongs to the technical field of forest cultivation.

Background technique

Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera is the first Camellia oleifera variety approved by the national forest species in my country. It is mainly produced in Cenxi City, Tengxian County, and Cangwu area of Guangxi. It is named for its soft and tough branches and drooping fruit. Variety; its branch angle is large, the crown is large, and the crown is mostly round-headed and naturally happy. It has the advantages of fast growth and high yield, early and stable yield, high oil content, good oil quality, and wide adaptability. It is widely used in Camellia oleifera production areas in my country. Widely promote and apply.

Since 2008, due to the needs of the development of the camellia oleifera industry, the construction of densely planted ear-picking gardens and high-yield raw material forest bases in Cenxi has been rapidly promoted, providing resource guarantees for effectively solving the shortage of edible vegetable oil in my country and driving farmers in mountainous areas to increase their income and become rich. However, the construction of conventional ear-picking gardens and fruit forests adopts a single mode of pure ear-picking or pure fruit-picking. Improve, there will be a surplus of spikes and a waste of resources. The results of many years of experimental research show that: adopting the construction mode of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planted fruit and ear dual-purpose forest, its comprehensive economic benefits can be increased by 3-4 times compared with the management mode of pure ear-picking nursery or pure fruit forest, and the land utilization rate can be increased by 2-3 times . At present, there is no related report that a kind of technology is aimed at the construction of Cenxi softwood camellia oleifera densely planted fruit and ear forest to achieve the purpose of high yield of camellia oleifera, high quality, low cost and the purpose of improving comprehensive economic benefits.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a dual-purpose forest of Cenxi softwood camellia oleifera densely planted with fruit and ears, which has the advantages of short construction period, high fruit ear yield, excellent quality, low cost, and high early management benefits.

The present invention solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions:

The construction method of the Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planted fruit and ear dual-purpose forest of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection of excellent strains: select excellent clones of Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera series for afforestation;

(2) densely planted afforestation, operate according to the following requirements:

①Selection of afforestation land: select suitable afforestation land with sufficient light and easy horticultural management as land for afforestation;

②Cultivation of afforestation land: Prepare the land in advance and dig planting holes according to the suitable planting density and afforestation arrangement, and apply enough base fertilizer; the suitable planting density is 1.0-1.5m×1.0-1.5m, and the density is 296-667 plants/ mu;

③ Seedling planting: Before the spring shoots of the seedlings germinate in January and February, choose cloudy or light rainy days for planting;

(3) Stand management shall be operated according to the following requirements:

① Soil management: through the horticultural measures of intertillage tending, balanced fertilization, and timely watering, the tree will grow vigorously;

②Tree structure cultivation: through artificial shaping measures, tree shape cultivation and canopy cultivation are carried out;

(4) Density adjustment: Density adjustment is carried out when the yield and quality of stand fruits and ears begin to decline. The adjusted plant-to-row spacing is 2.0-3.0m×3.0m, and the density is 74-110 plants/mu.

In step (1), 3 to 5 excellent clones of the Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera series are configured per 10 mu of afforestation land.

In step (2), described land suitable for forest is gentle slope hilly land with slope≤15°, effective soil layer thickness more than 70cm, loose slightly acidic loam without stagnant water.

In step (2), the afforestation arrangement refers to the "product" shape arrangement, that is, the relative positions of the plants in two adjacent rows are staggered and arranged into a "product" shape, or an isosceles triangle, and the planting point is located in the isosceles triangle vertex.

In step (2), applying sufficient base fertilizer refers to applying 1000-1500 kg of organic compound fertilizer with total nutrient ≥ 25% per mu.

In step (3), the method of intertillage tending is: every year before the root system of Cenxi Softwood Camellia oleifera plants enters the vigorous growth period, 2-3 months and 6-8 months, combined with weeding, carry out shallow soil reclamation, with a depth of 10-15cm.

In step (3), described balanced fertilization refers to: carry out formula fertilization according to the nutritional characteristics of spike growth and flowering and fruiting, 2 times a year, the 1st time in the 2-3 months of spring shoot vegetative growth period, apply nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium are compound fertilizers prepared by mixing the mass ratio of 2:1～1.5:1～1.5, and fertilize 50～75kg per mu; the second time, nitrogen and phosphorus are applied in May-June during the flower bud differentiation period. , Potassium is a compound fertilizer prepared by mixing the mass ratio of 1:1～1.5:1.5～2, and fertilizes 75～100kg per mu.

In step (3), the method for tree-shaped cultivation is: carry out apical dominance control in the year of new afforestation, break off terminal buds at the trunk 60-80cm place, and cultivate more obvious trunks; in the 2nd to the 3rd year, combine ear Collect and prune 3 times, and remove flower buds; for the first time in January-February, select 3-4 lateral branches with a base thickness of 0.2-0.3cm, full axillary buds, and reasonable orientation in the first-level branches. Keep 3-4 leaf buds and cultivate them as secondary branches; for the second time in May-June, the method of repeating the primary branches from the secondary branches requires ear picking, and each branch retains 3-4 full axillary buds Cultivate tertiary branches; for the third time in August-September, the method of repeating the primary and secondary branches from the tertiary branches requires ear picking and pruning, and each branch retains 2-3 full axillary buds to cultivate the fourth fraction Branches; gradually form a tower-shaped tree with a reasonable proportion and uniform distribution of main branches, sub-main branches, and side branches.

In step (3), the method for the canopy cultivation is: firstly pruning the 1/3 canopy of the upper layer of the tree in good time, removing flower buds and young fruits, retaining 3-4 leaf buds for each branch to cultivate strong branches, and controlling reproduction The nutrient consumption of growth promotes the germination of new shoots and cultivates them as ear picking layers; Plant exogenous hormones are sprayed 2-3 times on the leaves to induce flower bud differentiation, and the mixture of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is selected for spraying, each with a mass concentration of 0.3-0.45%, to promote flowering and fruiting, and cultivate it into a fruiting layer.

In step (4), the density adjustment is after 8-10 years of afforestation, along with the increase of tree age and tree body, stand canopy density > 0.8 and when the yield and quality of fruit and ear begin to decline, start to adjust, Thinning of stands of different densities.

The advantages and beneficial effects that the inventive method has are as follows:

The construction method of the present invention's double-purpose forest of soft branch camellia oleifera densely planted with fruit and ear can produce ears on a large scale in the second year after afforestation, and the amount of ears produced is 3-4 times higher than that of a conventional single ear-picking nursery; 4-8 years of afforestation, that is It can achieve both fruit and ear harvests, the full fruit period is 2-3 years shorter than conventional fruit forests, the fruit yield is increased by 3-4 times, the land utilization rate is increased by 2-3 times, and it has a short construction period, and the fruit and ear yield High, high quality, low cost, high comprehensive management benefits, etc., can effectively reflect the business philosophy of intensive farming and make benefits, and comprehensively improve the intensive management level and land productivity level of the Camellia oleifera industry.

detailed description

The construction method of the present invention utilizes the excellent clones of Cenxi soft-branch camellia oleifera for dense planting and configuration of afforestation, control of tree shape and three-dimensional structure, timely adjustment of density and horticultural management, and has the characteristics of high ear yield, excellent quality, low cost, and high early management benefits.

The specific operating steps of the construction method of the present invention are described in detail below:

(1) Selection of excellent strains:

According to the size of the afforestation area, select a certain number of excellent clones of the Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera series for afforestation, that is, configure 3 to 5 clones per 10 mu of afforestation land.

(2) For dense afforestation, the requirements are as follows:

①Selection of afforestation land: Select land suitable for afforestation with sufficient sunlight and easy horticultural management. The specific requirements are gentle slope hilly land with a slope of ≤15°, effective soil thickness of more than 70cm, loose and slightly acidic loam without water accumulation.

②Cultivation of afforestation land: Prepare the land in advance and dig planting holes according to the appropriate planting density and afforestation arrangement, and apply sufficient base fertilizer at the same time.

The suitable planting density refers to the row spacing of 1.0-1.5m×1.0-1.5m, and the density is 296-667 plants/mu.

The afforestation arrangement method adopts the shape of "pin", that is, the relative positions of the plants in two adjacent rows are staggered and arranged into the shape of "pin", or an isosceles triangle, and the planting point is located at the apex of the isosceles triangle. The specific method is: arrange in rows At the same time, the first plant in the first row began to tap holes and dig ridges at the head of the row, and dug ridges in turn to form a row; the first plant in the second row began to tap holes to dig ridges after leaving 1/2 of the plant spacing, and dug ridges in turn to form a row; the 3rd, 4th Repeat successively after row, and so on, form " product " font arrangement.

The said applying sufficient base fertilizer refers to applying 1000-1500 kg of organic compound fertilizer with total nutrient ≥ 25% per mu after site preparation.

③ Seedling planting: Before the spring shoots of the seedlings germinate in January-February, choose cloudy or light rainy days for planting.

(3) Stand management:

① Soil management: The main measures are intertillage tending and balanced fertilization. The method of intertillage tending is to carry out shallow soil reclamation in conjunction with weeding in February-March and June-August before the root system of Cenxi Softwood Camellia oleifera plant enters the vigorous growth period every year, with a depth of 10-15cm. Described balanced fertilization is to carry out formula fertilization according to the nutritional characteristics of spike growth and flowering and fruiting, 2 times a year, the first time in the 2-3 months of the spring shoot vegetative growth period, applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a mass ratio of 2 : 1～1.5: 1～1.5 mixed and prepared compound fertilizer, fertilize 50-75kg per mu; secondly, in May-June of the flower bud differentiation period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a mass ratio of 1: 1～1.5∶1.5～2 compound fertilizer, fertilize 75-100kg per mu.

②Tree cultivation: Mainly carry out tree cultivation and canopy cultivation. Described tree shape cultivation refers to: carry out " apex dominance " control in the year of afforestation, break off the top bud at the trunk 60-80cm place, cultivate more obvious trunk; the 2nd to the 3rd year, gather and prune 3 times every year in conjunction with the cuttings, And remove the flower buds; for the first time in January-February, select 3-4 side branches with a base thickness of 0.2-0.3cm, full axillary buds, and reasonable orientation in the first-level branches to cut ears, and keep 3-4 leaf buds on each branch Cultivate as a secondary branch; for the second time in May-June, the method of repeating the primary branch from the secondary branch requires ear picking, and each branch retains 3-4 full axillary buds to cultivate the tertiary branch; For the third time in August-September, the method of repeating the first and second-level branches from the third-level branches requires ear picking and pruning, and each branch retains 2-3 full axillary buds to cultivate the fourth-level branches; gradually form the main branch , a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and uniform distribution of auxiliary main branches and side branches;

While cultivating the tower-shaped tree, manage the tree body in layers. First, prune the upper 1/3 canopy layer of the tree body in a timely manner, remove flower buds and young fruits, and keep 3-4 leaf buds on each branch to cultivate strong branches. Control the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promote the germination of new shoots, and cultivate them as ear-picking layers; then thin out the weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree, improve the light transmittance, and place them in the 4- In June, spray 2-3 times of plant exogenous hormones to induce flower bud differentiation, and spray the mixture of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, each with a mass concentration of 0.30-0.45%, to promote flowering and fruiting, and cultivate it as a fruiting layer .

(4) Density adjustment:

Carry out after 8-10 years of afforestation, that is, when the canopy density of the stand is > 0.8 and the yield and quality of fruit and ears begin to decline, the stand will be thinned, so that the adjusted plant-to-row spacing is 2.0-3.0m×3.0m , the density is 74-110 plants/mu, and the specific adjustment method is as follows:

Remarks: "○" means reserved plants, "×" means thinned plants.

Below is the example that the inventor applies the inventive method to carry out the dual-purpose forest construction of Cenxi soft branch camellia oleifera dense planting and fruit ear:

Example 1: In March 2009, in the camellia test base of Guangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences, Cenruan No. 2, Cenruan No. 3, Cenruan No. 11, Cenruan No. 22, Cenruan No. 23, and Cenruan No. 24 were used in total. 6 excellent clones of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera were afforested with 1-year-old cutting container seedlings, with a row spacing of 1.0m×1.0m, a density of 667 plants/mu, and an area of 20 mu. The specific operation method is: ①In terms of soil management, in February and June before the root system of Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera plants enters the vigorous growth period, carry out shallow soil reclamation twice in combination with weeding, with a depth of 10-15cm; According to the nutritional characteristics of growth and flowering and fruiting, formula fertilization is carried out twice a year. The first time is in February of the vegetative growth period of spring shoots. The compound fertilizer prepared by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the mass ratio of 2:1.5:1.5 is applied. Mixed fertilizer, fertilize 75kg per mu; secondly in May of flower bud differentiation period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer mixed with 1:1.5:2 by mass ratio, fertilize 100kg per mu. ②In terms of tree body cultivation, the "apical dominance" control was carried out in the new afforestation year, and the terminal buds were cut off at 60-80 cm of the main trunk to cultivate a more obvious main trunk; in the second to third years, combined with cuttings collection and pruning 3 times a year, And remove the flower buds, and gradually form a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and even distribution of main branches, auxiliary main branches, and side branches; while cultivating the tree shape, timely pruning of the upper 1/3 canopy of the tree, and removal of flower buds and young fruits , each branch retains 3-4 leaf buds to cultivate strong branches, controls the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promotes the germination of new shoots, and cultivates them as the ear picking layer; then weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree The groups were thinned and light transmittance was increased, and plant exogenous hormones were sprayed twice in April and May to induce flower bud differentiation. The mixed solution of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was selected for spraying, and the mass concentrations were 0.35 and 0.4 respectively. %, promote flowering and fruiting, and cultivate it as a fruiting layer. Through comprehensive management measures, the average annual yield of ear buds has reached 127,100 per mu for six consecutive years, which is 4.2 times higher than that of conventional ear picking gardens; the fruit began to be put into production in the fourth year, and the fresh fruit output in the sixth year reached 1572.2kg/mu. The comprehensive economic benefit ratio The conventional control increased by 3.9 times.

Example 2: In February 2009, in the Soft Branch Camellia oleifera Seed Garden in Cenxi City, Guangxi, Cen Ruan No. 2, Cen Ruan No. 3, Cen Ruan No. 10, Cen Ruan No. 11, Cen Ruan No. 14, Cen Ruan No. 22, Cenruan No. 23, Cenruan No. 24, and Cenruan No. 25, a total of 9 excellent clones of Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera 1-year-old cutting container seedlings are afforested. The plant row spacing is 1.0m×1.5m, the density is 445 plants/mu, and the area is 30 mu . The specific operation method is: ①In terms of soil management, in March and July before the roots of Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera plants enter the vigorous growth period, carry out shallow soil reclamation twice in combination with weeding, with a depth of 10-15cm; According to the nutritional characteristics of growth and flowering and fruiting, formula fertilization is carried out twice a year. The first time is in March during the vegetative growth period of spring shoots, and the compound fertilizer prepared by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 2:1.5:1.5 is applied. , fertilize 70kg per acre; for the second time, in June of the flower bud differentiation period, apply a compound fertilizer with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:1.5:1.5, and fertilize 80kg per acre. ②In terms of tree body cultivation, the "apical dominance" control was carried out in the new afforestation year, and the terminal buds were cut off at 60-80 cm of the main trunk to cultivate a more obvious main trunk; in the second to third years, combined with cuttings collection and pruning 3 times a year, And remove the flower buds, and gradually form a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and even distribution of main branches, auxiliary main branches, and side branches; while cultivating the tree shape, timely pruning of the upper 1/3 canopy of the tree, and removal of flower buds and young fruits , each branch retains 3-4 leaf buds to cultivate strong branches, controls the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promotes the germination of new shoots, and cultivates them as the ear picking layer; then weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree The group was thinned and light transmittance was increased, and plant exogenous hormones were sprayed twice in May and June to induce flower bud differentiation. The mixed solution of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was selected for spraying, and the mass concentrations were 0.35 and 0.45 respectively. %, promote flowering and fruiting, and cultivate it as a fruiting layer. Through comprehensive management measures, the average annual yield of ear buds has reached 118,100 for six consecutive years, which is 4.0 times higher than that of conventional ear picking gardens; the fruit began to be put into production in the fourth year, and the fresh fruit output in the sixth year reached 1464.6kg/mu. The comprehensive economic benefit ratio The conventional control increased by 3.7 times.

Example 3: In March 2010, in the state-owned Sanmenjiang Forest Farm in Guangxi, Cenruan No. 2, Cenruan No. 3, Cenruan No. 11, Cenruan No. 14, Cenruan No. 22, Cenruan No. 23, and Cenruan No. 23 were used. No. 24 and Cenruan No. 25, a total of 8 one-year-old grafted container seedlings of excellent Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera clones were afforested. The row spacing is 1.5m×1.5m, the density is 296 plants/mu, and the area is 25 mu. The specific operation method is: ①In terms of soil management, in March and August before the root system of Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera plants enters the vigorous growth period, shallow soil reclamation is carried out in combination with weeding, with a depth of 10-15cm; According to the nutritional characteristics of flowering and fruiting, formula fertilization is carried out twice a year. The first time is in February of the spring shoot vegetative growth period. Fertilize 50kg per mu; for the second time in June of the flower bud differentiation period, apply a compound fertilizer with a ratio of 1:1:2 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and fertilize 70kg per mu. ②In terms of tree body cultivation, the "apical dominance" control was carried out in the new afforestation year, and the terminal buds were cut off at 60-80 cm of the main trunk to cultivate a more obvious main trunk; in the second to third years, combined with cuttings collection and pruning 3 times a year, And remove the flower buds, and gradually form a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and even distribution of main branches, auxiliary main branches, and side branches; while cultivating the tree shape, timely pruning of the upper 1/3 canopy of the tree, and removal of flower buds and young fruits , each branch retains 3-4 leaf buds to cultivate strong branches, controls the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promotes the germination of new shoots, and cultivates them as the ear picking layer; then weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree The groups were thinned and light transmittance was improved, and plant exogenous hormones were sprayed twice in April and June to induce flower bud differentiation. The mixed solution of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was selected for spraying, and the mass concentrations were 0.3% and 0.3% respectively. 0.4%, to promote flowering and fruiting, cultivate it as a fruiting layer. Through comprehensive management measures, the average annual yield of ear buds has reached 96,200 per mu for five consecutive years, which is 3.5 times higher than that of conventional ear picking gardens; the first production began in the fourth year, and the fresh fruit output in the fifth year reached 775.4kg/mu, and the comprehensive economic benefit ratio The conventional control increased by 3.4 times.

Example 4: In March 2010, at the Linke Institute of Guilin, Guangxi, a total of 5 Cenxi soft branch camellias were used, including Cenruan No. 2, Cenruan No. 3, Cenruan No. 11, Cenruan No. 22, and Cenruan No. 24. Clonal 1-year-old grafted container seedlings are used for afforestation, the spacing between plants and rows is: 1.0m×1.5m, the density is 445 plants/mu, and the area is 10 mu. The specific operation method is: ① In terms of soil management, in March and July before the root system of Cenxi softwood Camellia oleifera plants enters the vigorous growth period, shallow soil reclamation is carried out in combination with weeding, with a depth of 10-15cm; According to the nutritional characteristics of flowering and fruiting, formula fertilization is carried out twice a year. The first time is in March in the vegetative growth period of spring shoots, and the compound fertilizer prepared by mixing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at a ratio of 2:1.5:1 is applied, per mu Fertilize 65kg; For the second time, in May of the flower bud differentiation period, apply a compound fertilizer with a ratio of 1:1.5:2 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and fertilize 85kg per mu. ②In terms of tree body cultivation, the "apical dominance" control was carried out in the new afforestation year, and the terminal buds were cut off at 60-80 cm of the main trunk to cultivate a more obvious main trunk; in the second to third years, combined with cuttings collection and pruning 3 times a year, And remove the flower buds, and gradually form a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and even distribution of main branches, auxiliary main branches, and side branches; while cultivating the tree shape, timely pruning of the upper 1/3 canopy of the tree, and removal of flower buds and young fruits , each branch retains 3-4 leaf buds to cultivate strong branches, controls the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promotes the germination of new shoots, and cultivates them as the ear picking layer; then weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree Thinning and pruning were carried out to increase the light transmittance, and 2 times of exogenous plant hormones were sprayed on the leaves in May and June to induce flower bud differentiation. The mixed solution of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was selected for spraying, and the mass concentrations were 0.3% and 0.3% respectively. 0.45%, to promote flowering and fruiting, cultivate it as a fruiting layer. Through comprehensive management measures, the average annual yield of ear buds has reached 109,800 for five consecutive years, which is 3.7 times higher than that of conventional ear picking gardens; the first production began in the fourth year, and the fresh fruit output in the fifth year reached 862.7kg/mu, with comprehensive economic benefits 3.6 times higher than the conventional control.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of construction method of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera dense planting and fruit ear dual-purpose forest, is characterized in that, comprises following operation steps: (1) Selection of excellent strains: select excellent clones of Cenxi Soft Branch Camellia oleifera series for afforestation; (2) densely planted afforestation, operate according to the following requirements: ①Selection of afforestation land: select suitable afforestation land with sufficient light and easy horticultural management as land for afforestation; ②Cultivation of afforestation land: Prepare the land in advance and dig planting holes according to the suitable planting density and afforestation arrangement, and apply enough base fertilizer; the suitable planting density is 1.0-1.5m×1.0-1.5m, and the density is 296-667 plants/ mu; the afforestation arrangement refers to the "product" shape arrangement, that is, the relative positions of the plants in two adjacent rows are staggered and arranged into a "product" shape, or an isosceles triangle, and the planting point is located at the apex of the isosceles triangle; ③ Seedling planting: Before the spring shoots of the seedlings germinate in January and February, choose cloudy or light rainy days for planting; (3) Stand management shall be operated according to the following requirements: ① Soil management: through the horticultural measures of intertillage tending, balanced fertilization, and timely watering, the tree will grow vigorously; Described balanced fertilization refers to: carry out formula fertilization according to the nutritional characteristics of spike growth and flowering and fruiting, 2 times a year, the first time in the 2-3 months of the spring shoot vegetative growth period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium according to the mass ratio It is a compound fertilizer prepared by mixing 2:1～1.5:1～1.5, fertilizing 50～75kg per mu; for the second time in May-June of the flower bud differentiation period, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in a mass ratio of 1:1～1.5:1.5～2 compound fertilizer, fertilize 75～100kg per mu; ②Tree structure cultivation: through artificial shaping measures, tree shape cultivation and canopy cultivation are carried out; The method of described tree shape cultivation is: carry out apical dominance control in the new afforestation year, break off terminal bud at trunk 60-80cm place, cultivate more obvious trunk; In the 2nd to the 3rd year, collect pruning 3 times every year in conjunction with ear bar, And remove the flower buds; for the first time in January-February, select 3-4 side branches with a base thickness of 0.2-0.3cm, full axillary buds, and reasonable orientation in the first-level branches to cut ears, and keep 3-4 leaf buds on each branch Cultivate as a secondary branch; for the second time in May-June, the method of repeating the primary branch from the secondary branch requires ear picking, and each branch retains 3-4 full axillary buds to cultivate the tertiary branch; For the third time in August-September, the method of repeating the first and second-level branches from the third-level branches requires ear picking and pruning, and each branch retains 2-3 full axillary buds to cultivate the fourth-level branches; gradually form the main branch , a tower-shaped tree with reasonable proportions and uniform distribution of auxiliary main branches and side branches; The method of described canopy cultivation is: at first 1/3 canopy of tree body top layer is carried out timely pruning, extracts flower bud young fruit, and each branch keeps 3-4 leaf buds and cultivates strong branch, controls the nutrient consumption of reproductive growth, promotes The new shoots germinate, and they are cultivated as ear-picking layers; then thinning and pruning of the weak branches inside and outside the 2/3 canopy of the middle and lower layers of the tree to improve light transmittance, and spraying 2- Three times of exogenous plant hormones to induce flower bud differentiation, spraying the mixture of paclobutrazol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, each with a mass concentration of 0.3-0.45%, to promote flowering and fruiting, and cultivate it as a fruiting layer. (4) Density adjustment: Density adjustment is carried out when the yield and quality of stand fruits and ears begin to decline. The adjusted plant-to-row spacing is 2.0-3.0m×3.0m, and the density is 74-110 plants/mu. 2. according to the construction method of the described Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planting fruit and ear dual-purpose forest of claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (1), the excellent clones of Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera series are configured with 3～5 clones per 10 mu of afforestation land indivual. 3. according to the construction method of the said Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planting fruit and ear dual-purpose forest of claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2), described suitable forest land is the gentle slope hilly land of slope≤15 °, effective soil layer thickness 70cm Above, loose and slightly acidic loam without stagnant water. 4. according to the construction method of the Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planting fruit and ear dual-purpose forest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (2), described applying sufficient base fertilizer refers to the organic compound fertilizer of applying total nutrient ≥ 25% per mu 1000-1500kg. 5. according to the construction method of the Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera densely planting fruit and ear dual-purpose forest according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (3), the method for described intertillage tending is: enter vigorous growth period in Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera plant root system every year In the previous February-March and June-August, the soil was shallowly cultivated in combination with weeding, with a depth of 10-15cm. 6. according to the construction method of the said Cenxi soft branch Camellia oleifera dense planting and ear dual-purpose forest of claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (4), described density adjustment is after afforestation 8-10, with the growth of tree age and tree body When the canopy density of the stand is greater than 0.8 and the yield and quality of the fruit and ear begin to decline, it starts to adjust, and thins the stands with different densities.