CN1062876C - 抑制单体组分挥发的不饱和聚酯树脂的制造方法 - Google Patents
抑制单体组分挥发的不饱和聚酯树脂的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08L63/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08G59/1438—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment with organic low-molecular-weight compounds containing oxygen
- C08G59/1444—Monoalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/14—Polycondensates modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C08G59/1455—Monocarboxylic acids, anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract
塑料制造助剂主要用于降低不饱和聚酯树脂中苯乙烯的挥发性。该助剂是具有通式BOOC-A-COOB′的化合物(式中A代表通式(1)的基团、B代表式CH3(CH2)x的基团(其中x=1-23)和B′代表松香分子失去氢后的基团),以每100份用2-50份的用量与长链脂肪酰胺和/或二价金属盐、长链脂肪酸酯和/或分子量为300-5000的聚乙烯蜡的混合物。还可添加0.1-7.0份(重量)石蜡。也公开了制造能降低苯乙烯挥发性的不饱和聚酯树脂的方法。
Description
本发明涉及用特定添加剂进行改性制备能抑制苯乙烯挥发的不饱和聚酯树脂的制造方法。
在聚酯树脂中加入一些石蜡、地蜡或在树脂固化时能连续形成防止苯乙烯从树脂表面挥发的蜡类改性剂以减少苯乙烯从不饱和聚酯苯乙烯树脂中挥发的方法是公知的。但该保护层致使由此改性的聚酯-玻璃纤维层压板层间粘附力明显降低。
一些已知方法提出使用可与石蜡或蜡类结合使用的酯和多元醇或羟基醚(德国专利29,002,473;波兰专利121436,125545和134 295)。该加有羟基醚的不饱和聚酯树脂当进行加工时,表现出抑制苯乙烯挥发的作用。
波兰专利141790已公开了制造不饱和聚酯树脂的方法,包括在这些树脂中加入一种组合物,该组合物是在胺催化剂存在下脂肪酸及松香与环氧树脂化合物的加成产物的混合物或加入该组合物与石蜡和地蜡或天然来源的聚酯蜡的混合物。
上述发明在应用中已发现当用干湿交替(wet-on-dry)法制造层压板时,亦即在一定时间间隔,如一天或几天内,放置层合板的各层,会造成层间粘附力降低。该制造层合板的工艺尤其在造船和船坞工业中使用。
此外,直到目前为止所提出的解决方法都不能保证在冬季具有用于聚酯树脂足够的良好长期稳定性的添加剂。
已意外地发现,当不饱和聚酯树脂含有适当构成的含有波兰专利141790已知的一种,脂肪酸及树胶松香酸与环氧树脂加成产物的化合物的混合物时,可制成不饱和聚酯树脂使其仅有低挥发苯乙烯,由此既使在主层已放置并固化后依次各层放置7天或甚至14天后仍能制备具有良好层间粘合性的聚酯-玻璃纤维层压板。已发现将上述化合物与高级脂肪酸酰胺和/或高级脂肪酸二价金属盐相混合并将如此制成的组合物加入不饱和聚酯树脂中,可在由该树脂制备的经此改性的层压板中产生明显提高的层间粘合性。
根据本发明的方法包括向100份(重量)不饱和聚酯树脂加入0.05-5.0份(重量)、优选0.5-2.0份(重量)脂肪酸及树胶松香酸与环氧树脂的加成产物与高级脂肪酸的酰胺和/或高级脂肪酸二价金属盐以及可加入或不加入的酯蜡和/或分子量为300-5000的聚乙烯蜡和/或石蜡的混合物,酰胺和/或长链脂肪酸盐在该混合物中的用量是按每100份(重量)加成产物计为2-50份(重量)。
用于降低单体组分从不饱和聚酯树脂中向外挥发的已知添加剂具有通式为BOOC-A-COOB',式中A代表通式1的基团、B代表基团CH3(CH2)x,其中x=11-23,B'代表由枞酸、左旋海松酸、新枞酸及长叶松酸混合物组成的松香在分子中失去氢后所形成的基团,
加入不饱和聚酯树脂中的添加剂具有良好的长期稳定性的特征,并且该改性剂不具有如现有技术配方那样从溶液中释放出来的倾向。而且该添加剂在不饱和邻苯二甲酸聚酯树脂、间苯二甲酸树脂及乙烯基酯型树脂中均可使用。助剂与不饱和聚酯树脂具有良好相容性,并在有机溶剂中可溶,可以熔融态混合或单独地将它们添加在树脂中。
添加添加剂的特别方便的方式是利用这些添加剂在有机溶剂(包括二甲苯、甲苯、石油溶剂及它们的混合物)中有良好的溶解性,因此能以含高浓度改性剂甚至其浓度高达90%(重量)的糊状形态添加到聚酯树脂中。提出的添加剂也与所有已知的聚酯树脂是相容的,在延长的储存期中没有分层的趋向。
被引入到聚酯树脂中的添加剂是在胺催化剂存在下将高级饱和或不饱和脂肪酸及树脂松香酸与环氧树脂进行加成反应制造的,接着加入酰胺和/或脂肪酸二价金属盐和可加可不加脂肪酸酯和/或分子量为300-5000的聚乙烯蜡和/或石蜡。
所述添加剂可单独或混合用于含交联单体,如苯乙烯、苯乙烯衍生物、丙烯酸低聚酯或甲基丙烯酸低聚酯的不饱和聚酯树脂中。
构成这些树脂的不饱和聚酯包括马来酸或富马酸残基与二元醇残基,如乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、新戊二醇、二溴新戊二醇,还有如二元羧酸残基包括邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、己二酸、癸二酸与马来海松酸残基及酸类即马来酸酐与环戊二烯、六氯代环戊二烯、β-萘酚或蒽的二烯加成物的衍生物。
不饱和聚酯树脂也可包括某些熟知的添加剂如阻聚剂如氢醌;触变剂如活性二氧化硅;阻燃剂如五溴乙基苯;矿物填料如白垩、高岭土、滑石或短切玻璃纤维;增稠剂如氧化镁及烟雾抑制剂。
树脂可通过已知技术固化,特别是用玻璃纤维织成的布、席或粗纱经树脂浸渍后可添加过氧化物或氢氧化物固化剂及促进剂(如脂族-芳族叔胺或钴或钒化合物)进行固化。也可通过其它熟知的方法如采用适当的敏化剂用紫外或可见光辐照或用γ射线或电子束照射进行固化。
根据本发明的主要优点是抑制苯乙烯从加工的不饱和聚酯树脂中挥发并使其降至最少以及能以包括干温交替法在内的任何方法制造聚酯-玻璃纤维层压板。
实施例1
在120℃在0.3g三乙醇胺存在下加热100.0g2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A)-表氯醇树脂(环氧值0.40)与75.2g硬脂酸和42.2g松香3小时。向熔融的反应产物中添加32.0g亚乙基二硬脂酰胺和16.5g聚乙烯微晶蜡,将10.3g混合物溶解于含33%(重量)苯乙烯的1000g马来酸(富马酸)-邻苯二甲酸-亚丙基聚酯树脂中,将溶液倾倒在表面积为95cm2侧壁高10mm的Petri盘子中,将盘子放置在流速为0.4m/s、温度为22℃的空气流中。盘子在挥发试验开始前和试验开始后60分钟内分别称重,为比较起见用不含添加剂的树脂进行平行试验。
添加剂的效能(E%)用下式评价:
式中m0和m分别为不含添加剂的树脂和含添加剂的树脂的失重(蒸发苯乙烯造成失重)。
在本实施例中得到的效能E=99.8%。
层间粘合力的评价按Plastics Review(British IndustrialPlastics)1981,No.11,4中所述方法对玻璃纤维织物与不含纤维的树脂层之间形成的接头作目测评价。
在本实施例中层间粘合力是很好的:“干”的玻璃纤维沿着整个撕开的表面积被拉出而没有明显的层间分离,否则应在分离的表面上留下光滑的区域。因此使用该法评估结果得到最高标志,即在3点标尺上的值为“3”(在第一层涂敷后第二叠压层被放置7天)。
实施例2
在装有搅拌器、冷却器和温度计的反应器中,在130℃和0.1gN,N'-二甲基苄基胺存在下加热70.0g Epidian 5二烷环氧树脂(环氧值0.52)与45.0g软脂酸及45.0g松香直至羟值达到10mgKOH/g,在55℃下向反应产物添加22.8三硬脂酸甘油脂和17.0g软脂酰胺,将得到的产物溶于120.0g二甲苯中,冷却后该组合物为糊状粘稠体,在储存期间不会沉析。
将15.5g该糊状组合物溶解于1000g含50%苯乙烯的马来酸(富马酸)-丙氧基-2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷聚酯树脂中,用实施例1所述方法试验添加剂效能,得到的效能为E=99.5%。
用新式Du Pont冲击试验机对上述改性树脂制备的层压板进行冲击试验来检验层间粘附力,在该方法中用面积测量方法对所制得的层压板在7天间隔内评价其分层的表面积。试验结果得到分层的表面积为178mm2,作为比较,用未改性树脂制的层压板试验所得分层面积为175mm2,由此可见,添加剂没有降低单独搁置的叠压层的粘附力。
实施例3
在150℃和0.1g三乙醇胺存在下加热100g二甘醇二环氧甘油醚与78.5g松香和65.7g硬脂酸4小时,在羟值达到5mg/KOH/g后,在50℃添加20.0g椰子酸二乙醇酰胺、38.0g聚乙烯蜡(Mn=600)和15.7g单硬脂酸甘油酯-硬脂酸钙混合物,冷却后该组合物的m.p.41℃并且溶于芳烃中且与聚酯树脂相容。将制得的15.0g组合物溶解于1000g马来酸(富马酸)-邻苯二甲酸-表氯醇聚酯树脂中。引入的添加剂效能以实施例1所述方法进行检验。
用实施例1所述方法对用干湿交替法制备的层压板在12天间隔内检验其层间粘附力。结果为该层压板达到按三点目测标尺的最高标志。
Claims (4)
1.制造能抑制单体组分挥发的不饱和聚酯树脂的方法,包括用含脂肪酸及树脂松香酸与环氧树脂加成产物的添加剂改性该树脂,其特征在于100份(重量)不饱和聚酯树脂中加入0.05-5.0份(重量)的含脂肪酸及树脂松香酸与环氧树脂加成产物的化合物与高级脂肪酸酰胺和/或高级脂肪酸二价金属盐并与加有或不加酯蜡和/或分子量为300-5000的聚乙烯蜡所构成的混合物,混合物中酰胺和/或高级脂肪酸盐的用量以每100份(重量)加成产物计为2-50份(重量)。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于每100份(重量)不饱和聚酯树脂中加入0.5-2.0份(重量)上述混合物。
3.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于混合物的各个组分能以熔融状态或分别地添加到树脂中。
4.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于混合物的各个组分在溶解于单一溶剂中或溶于溶剂混合物中后添加到树脂中。
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PL30048493A PL172081B1 (pl) | 1993-09-24 | 1993-09-24 | Sposób wytwarzania nienasyconych żywic poliestrowych o zmniejszonej emisji monomeru, zwłaszcza do laminatów poliestrowo-szklanych |
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DE19902403A1 (de) * | 1999-01-22 | 2000-08-03 | Bayer Ag | UV-härtende Bindemittel, sowie deren Verwendung zur Erzeugung hochglänzender Beschichtungen |
US6348270B1 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-02-19 | Reichhold Inc. | High performance polyetherester containing laminating resin compositions |
DE102004059883A1 (de) * | 2004-12-10 | 2006-06-14 | Brandenburger Patentverwertung Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigte Gesellschafter Herr Joachim Brandenburger | Herstellung eines harzgetränkten Faserschlauches zur Innenauskleidung von Kanälen und Rohrleitungen |
CN103408792A (zh) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-27 | 常州市华润复合材料有限公司 | 一种苯乙烯挥发抑制剂及含有其的不饱和聚酯 |
CN107903601A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-13 | 吴江市强塑阀门管件厂 | 一种抗老化塑料管材的制备方法及其应用 |
CN108659603A (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-10-16 | 淮北宇鑫新型材料有限公司 | 一种不饱和树脂挥发性单体的挥发抑制剂及其制备方法 |
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PL141789B1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1987-08-31 | Inst Chemii Przemyslowej | Auxiliary agent for processing plastics and method of obtaining it |
PL141771B1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1987-08-31 | Inst Chemii Przemyslowej | Auxiliary agent for processing plastics and method of obtaining it |
EP0475260A2 (de) * | 1990-09-08 | 1992-03-18 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Ungesättigte härtbare Polyesterharzmassen mit verringerter Styrolemission und verbesserter Eigenhaftung auf ihrer ausgehärteten Masse |
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- 1994-08-18 EP EP94923838A patent/EP0664817B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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PL141789B1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1987-08-31 | Inst Chemii Przemyslowej | Auxiliary agent for processing plastics and method of obtaining it |
PL141771B1 (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1987-08-31 | Inst Chemii Przemyslowej | Auxiliary agent for processing plastics and method of obtaining it |
EP0475260A2 (de) * | 1990-09-08 | 1992-03-18 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Ungesättigte härtbare Polyesterharzmassen mit verringerter Styrolemission und verbesserter Eigenhaftung auf ihrer ausgehärteten Masse |
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US5719213A (en) | 1998-02-17 |
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