CN105896071B - Dual polarization vibrator unit, antenna and multifrequency antenna array - Google Patents
Dual polarization vibrator unit, antenna and multifrequency antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN105896071B CN105896071B CN201610269578.6A CN201610269578A CN105896071B CN 105896071 B CN105896071 B CN 105896071B CN 201610269578 A CN201610269578 A CN 201610269578A CN 105896071 B CN105896071 B CN 105896071B
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- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/001—Crossed polarisation dual antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of dual polarization vibrator unit, antenna and multifrequency antenna array, the dual polarization vibrator unit include radiator and the balun support portion to feed to the radiator；The radiator includes medium substrate, the upper surface that the medium substrate is arranged in and at least one couples metal tape in two electrode couple sub-antenna arms of positive and negative 45 degree quadrature arrangements and lower surface that the medium substrate is arranged in；Electric current induction is generated between the dipole antenna arm and coupling metal tape, to form current path on coupling metal tape.Oscillator unit and its antenna of the invention, ultra wide band, high-gain, high efficiency, high cross polarization ratio, high front and back ratio and high-isolation, low section and lower coupling may be implemented, and simple and beautiful structure, it is easy to Project Realization, it is suitble to produce in enormous quantities, production cost is reduced, electricity function index meets antenna for base station professional standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dual-polarized oscillator unit, an antenna and a multi-frequency antenna array.
Background
The base station antenna is an air electrical bridge between a user terminal and a base station in a mobile communication system, is the most critical component in the whole antenna feed system, and the quality of the base station antenna directly influences the communication quality.
The existing base station antenna is mostly realized by adopting a metal die-cast oscillator, a complex feed network is needed, for example, 4 coaxial cables are needed to realize feed, and the realization form and the assembly process are complex. Even if the broadband antenna is realized by adopting the PCB printing process, the broadband antenna is difficult to realize under the condition of broadband (690-. In addition, in the multi-frequency antenna, there is a relatively significant mutual coupling between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas, which causes the distortion of the directional diagrams of the respective working frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dual-polarized oscillator unit which can improve the performance of an antenna in a low-profile structural form.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a dual-polarized oscillator unit, including a radiator and a balun support for feeding the radiator; the radiator comprises a dielectric substrate, two pairs of dipole antenna arms which are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and are orthogonally arranged at a positive angle or a negative angle of 45 degrees, and at least one coupling metal strip arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; the dipole antenna arms and the coupling metal strips induce currents between them, thereby forming current paths in the coupling metal strips.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention,
the two pairs of dipole antenna arms are asymmetric relative to the orthogonal center, each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, one side or two sides of each opening part of the first pair of dipole antenna arms are provided with outward extending branches, two sides of each opening part of the second pair of dipole antenna arms are not provided with extending branches, and current induction is generated between the second pair of dipole antenna arms and the coupling metal strap;
or,
the two pairs of dipole antenna arms are symmetrical relative to the orthogonal center, each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, an outward extending branch is arranged on one side of each opening part of each pair of dipole antenna arms, and current induction is generated between one side of each dipole antenna arm without the extending branch and the coupling metal belt.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the coupling metal strips are four strips; the beginning of each coupling metal strip is disposed below the end of the opening of the dipole antenna arm where no extension branches are disposed, and the beginning of each coupling metal strip corresponds to one end, so that current induction is generated at the beginning and corresponding end of each coupling metal strip, and a current path is formed on each coupling metal strip.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the end of each coupling metal strip is located below its adjacent extension branch, so that the end of the respective coupling metal strip and the corresponding extension branch induce a current.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, both end portions of the opening of each dipole antenna arm are provided with branch projections which are projection portions extending from the end portions of the opening.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the structure in which the branch protrusions at the two end portions of the opening of each dipole antenna arm are engaged is in the shape of an open pincer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the beginning and/or the end of each of the coupling metal strips is shaped to be the same as the shape of the branch protrusion.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the coupling metal strip is arranged along an edge of the dielectric substrate, and/or the extension stub is arranged along an edge of the dielectric substrate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, adjacent dipole antenna arms have a slit therebetween.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the balun support comprises a first balun support arm and a second balun support arm orthogonally connected to each other; the first balun support arm feeds the first pair of dipole antenna arms, and the second balun support arm feeds the second pair of dipole antenna arms; one side of each balun support arm is provided with a microstrip line balun connected with the feed point of the dipole antenna arm, and the other side of each balun support arm is provided with a balun ground wire connected with the feed point of the dipole antenna arm; the height of the first balun support arm and the height of the second balun support arm are smaller than or equal to one eighth of the wavelength of the work center.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the matching branch connected with the balun ground wire is further arranged on one side of the at least one balun support arm provided with the balun ground wire, so as to balance the current.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the first balun support arm and the second balun support arm are matched and clamped together through respective slots.
According to one embodiment of the invention, welding support points for welding fixation are further provided on the upper and lower ends of at least one balun support arm.
The invention also provides a dual-polarized oscillator antenna, which comprises a power distribution plate, a reflecting plate and the dual-polarized oscillator unit in any one of the embodiments; the balun support part is arranged on the upper surface of the power distribution plate; the reflection plate is disposed on an upper surface or a lower surface of the power distribution plate.
The invention further provides a multi-frequency antenna array, which comprises at least one low-frequency antenna array and at least one high-frequency antenna array, wherein at least one antenna unit in the high-frequency antenna array uses the dual-polarized element antenna in the foregoing embodiment.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the dipole antenna arms are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the coupling metal strips are arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the coupling metal strips are arranged at the positions of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, so that current induction is generated between the dipole antenna arms and the coupling metal strips, weak coupling is realized, another current path different from the current path on the antenna arms is formed on the coupling metal strips, resonance of the lower end part of an operating frequency band is realized, radiation is completed, and the front-to-back ratio and the cross polarization ratio of the oscillator unit are improved.
The oscillator unit can be a symmetric dual-polarization or an asymmetric dual-polarization. If the antenna is asymmetric dual polarized, only the opening part of the first pair of dipole antenna arms is provided with the extension branch knot, and the asymmetric patterns of the two polarized oscillators can strengthen the resonance of the high-frequency part of the working frequency band and inhibit the coupling from the low-frequency antenna, thereby effectively improving the decoupling performance and improving the distortion of a high-frequency directional diagram when the antenna is applied to a multi-frequency antenna, and the current on the first pair of dipole antenna arms is induced to the coupling metal belt in the lower part to realize the weak coupling between the first pair of dipole antenna arms and the coupling metal belt; if the dipole antenna is symmetrical dual polarization, the opening of each dipole antenna arm can be provided with the extension branch knot with single-side loading, and the side without the extension branch knot generates current induction with the coupling metal band, so that the weak coupling of the dipole antenna and the coupling metal band is realized.
The oscillator unit and the antenna thereof can realize ultra wide band, high gain, high efficiency, high cross polarization ratio, high front-to-back ratio, high isolation, low profile and low coupling, have simple and attractive structure, are easy to realize in engineering, are suitable for mass production, reduce the production cost and meet the industrial standard of base station antennas in electrical performance indexes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric dual-polarized oscillator unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a back surface structure of a radiator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic front structure view of a radiator according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic front structure view of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic front view of a radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a first balun support arm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another side of the first balun support arm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a second balun support arm in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another side of a second balun support arm in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a power distribution plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-frequency antenna array according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic standing wave ratio diagram of an asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic isolation diagram of an asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 16 is a schematic horizontal plane beam width diagram of an asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of horizontal plane front-to-back ratio and cross-polarization ratio of an asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of an array base station antenna gain curve with two asymmetric dual-polarized element antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
The dual-polarized oscillator unit of the embodiment of the present invention may be made of a printed circuit board, but is not limited thereto. The dual-polarized oscillator unit of the embodiment of the invention can adopt a PCB material commonly used by a common base station antenna to realize an integral structure, the size of the radiator is equivalent to that of the common base station antenna, the balun supporting part is only reduced to one eighth of the central wavelength or even lower, any redundant accessories such as an auxiliary tuning metal sheet, a metal block and the like are not required to be added, and a low-profile and small-volume structure can be realized.
Referring to fig. 1, the dual polarized vibrator unit of the present embodiment includes a radiator 1 and a balun support. The balun support connects the radiator 1 and feeds the radiator 1, and may include a first balun support arm 21 and a second balun support arm 22.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in one embodiment, the radiator 1 may include a dielectric substrate 10, two pairs of dipole antenna arms 11-14, and a coupling metal strip 15. The radiator 1 can be realized by printing two pairs of dipole antenna arms 11-14, coupling metal strips 15 on a printed circuit board.
Wherein dipole antenna arms 11 and 12 form a pair, dipole antenna arms 13 and 14 form a pair, the polarizations of the two pairs are orthogonal, and the dipole antenna arms of each pair are at opposite diagonal positions. Two pairs of dipole antenna arms are orthogonally arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 10 at 45 degrees, and the orthogonal arrangement of the dipole antenna arms can refer to the prior art, which is not described herein again. The two sides of each dipole antenna arm are electrically connected at the feeding end 16 connecting the balun support arms 21 and 22 and disconnected at the open end of the dipole antenna arm.
Referring to fig. 3, the coupling metal strap 15 is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 10, the position of the coupling metal strap 15 can be properly arranged according to the requirement of inductive coupling, and the shape of the coupling metal strap 15 is not limited. A current induction occurs between the coupling metal strip 15 and the dipole antenna arms, and the current of the dipole antenna arms is induced to the coupling metal strip 15, thereby forming a current path on the coupling metal strip 15.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the dual-polarized element units are asymmetric dual-polarized element units, and the two pairs of dipole antenna arms are asymmetric with respect to the orthogonal center. Each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, for example, the opening 131 of the dipole antenna arm 13, one or both sides of each opening portion of the first pair of dipole antenna arms 13 and 14 are provided with outward extending branches, and both sides of each opening portion of the second pair of dipole antenna arms 11 and 12 are not provided with extending branches, for example, the end portion of the opening 131 of the dipole antenna arm 13 is provided with the extending branches 133, so that a dual-polarized oscillator with two-path polarization asymmetric patterns is formed. The extension branch is a strip-shaped part extending from the opening end part of the dipole antenna arm, and prolongs the current transmission path. The asymmetric pattern of the two polarized oscillators strengthens the resonance of the high-frequency part of the working frequency band, simultaneously inhibits the coupling from the low-frequency antenna, can effectively improve the decoupling performance in the multi-frequency antenna and improves the distortion of a high-frequency directional diagram.
The openings of the dipole antenna arms are arranged at one end away from the orthogonal center, each opening of the first pair of dipole antenna arms has two ends, an extension branch can be arranged at each end and extends towards the direction outside the opening, and in fig. 2, the extension branch 133 is in a straight line shape and is arranged on the edge of the dielectric substrate 10 to have better radiation performance.
An induced current is generated between the second pair of dipole antenna arms and the coupling strip 15. Referring to fig. 3, specifically, the number of the coupling metal strips 15 is four, the starting end of each coupling metal strip 15 is disposed below the end of each dipole antenna opening of the second pair of dipole antenna arms (with a dielectric substrate interposed therebetween, of course), and one end corresponds to the starting end of each coupling metal strip 15, so that current induction is generated at the starting end and the corresponding end of each coupling metal strip 15, and a current path is formed on each coupling metal strip 15. In fig. 3, the coupling metal strips 15 are also arranged along the edges of the dielectric substrate 10, with no intersections between the respective coupling metal strips 15.
4 coupling metal strips 15 are arranged on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and can guide the current on the oscillator arm on the front surface to be induced to the coupling metal strips 15 below, so that weak coupling is realized, another current path is formed, resonance of the lower end part of the working frequency band is realized, radiation is completed, and the front-to-back ratio and the cross polarization ratio of the oscillator are improved.
In fig. 2 and 3, the dielectric substrate has a square shape. Two pairs of coupling metal strips 15 are respectively arranged at opposite diagonal positions and along the edge of the dielectric substrate, corresponding to the second pair of dipole antenna arms. The two pairs of extended branches of the first pair of dipole antenna arms are at opposite diagonal positions different from the coupling metal strips and are disposed along the edges of the dielectric substrate 10. However, the shape of the dielectric substrate 10 is not limited to a square, and may also be a circle or other shapes, and accordingly, the shapes of the coupling metal strip 15 and the extension branch may also be adjusted accordingly.
In one embodiment, the end of each coupling metal strip 15 is located below the adjacent extension branch, so that the end of each coupling metal strip 15 and the corresponding extension branch generate current induction, and the current directions on the coupling metal strip 15 and the extension branch are opposite, so that they can cancel each other out, thereby improving the isolation between the two pairs of dipole antenna arms. Of course, the coupling metal strip 15 may not extend below the extension branch, and no current induction occurs between the two.
Preferably, both ends of the opening of each dipole antenna arm are provided with branch projections 132, and the branch projections 132 are projections extending from the ends of the opening. Further, the starting end of each coupling metal strap 15 is set to have the same shape as the stub protrusion 132 of the dipole antenna arm.
Alternatively, the structure in which the branch protrusions 132 at the two ends of the opening 131 of each dipole antenna arm are engaged is in the shape of an open pincer.
Two pairs of half-wave open pincerlike dual polarized antennas arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10 are provided, the loaded branch protrusions are arranged at the tail ends of the openings, the coupling of the front surface vibrator arm and the back surface coupling metal band of the radiator is further enhanced by the branch protrusions, the current is favorably guided to flow to the opening of the vibrator arm, the size of the branch protrusions is properly adjusted, the impedance matching in the whole working frequency band can be realized, and the ultra-wideband work is realized.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the adjacent dipole antenna arms have a slit therebetween, and the frame-shaped dipole antenna arms are spaced apart from each other by a small distance to form an ultra-narrow gap.
Two groups of orthogonal dipole antenna arms arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10 are close to each other to leave ultra-narrow gaps, so that strong coupling of two paths of orthogonal polarization is realized, surface currents of the two paths of polarized dipole arms are concentrated on two sides of the narrow gaps, the low cross polarization characteristic on a far field in the air is realized, and the isolation degree in the whole working frequency band is improved. This is in contrast to the theory that the larger the orthogonal element gap in a conventional base station antenna, the better the isolation, which is one of the keys to achieving a low profile.
Referring to fig. 4, unlike the foregoing embodiment, in the present embodiment, the shape of each dipole antenna arm 11a-14a is a petal shape, but the shape of the dipole antenna arms is not limited and may be, for example, a polygonal shape or the like.
Referring to fig. 5, unlike the previous embodiment, in the present embodiment, each extension branch is L-shaped, such as the extension branch 133a, but not limited thereto, and may be arc-shaped.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment, the dual-polarized element elements are symmetric dual-polarized element elements, and the two pairs of dipole antenna arms 11c-14c are symmetric with respect to the orthogonal center. Each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, in order to ensure that the antenna directional pattern is consistent in convergence and the beam direction does not deviate, a unilateral loading branch is arranged on each dipole antenna arm, a unilateral of each opening part of each pair of dipole antenna arms is provided with an outward extending branch, current induction is formed between one side of each dipole antenna arm without the extending branch and the coupling metal belt, for example, the dipole antenna arm 13c is provided with an opening 131c, a branch protrusion 132c is arranged on the opening 131c, and an extending branch 133c is arranged at one end of the opening 131 c. The extension branch can be adjusted in size and shape according to actual needs, and the rest parts same as those in the previous embodiment can be referred to the previous contents, and are not described again here.
Referring to fig. 1, the balun support portion includes a first balun support arm 21 and a second balun support arm 22 orthogonally connected to each other, the first balun support arm 21 feeding the first pair of dipole antenna arms, and the second balun support arm 22 feeding the second pair of dipole antenna arms.
Referring to fig. 7, a microstrip line balun 211 connected to the feeding point 212 is disposed on one side of the first balun support arm 21, and referring to fig. 8, a balun ground 213 connected to the feeding point 212 is disposed on the other side of the first balun support arm 21. The feed point 212 of the first balun support arm 21 is connected to the feed ends of the first pair of dipole antenna arms. Alternatively, in order to facilitate the soldering support and enhance the mechanical tightness between the balun support arm and the radiator and power distribution board, soldering support points 214 for soldering fixation are provided on the upper and lower ends of the first balun support arm 21, and the soldering support points 214 do not serve an electrical purpose, but the feeding point 212 of the first balun support arm 21 may be disposed on the soldering support points 214.
Referring to fig. 9, a microstrip line balun 221 connected to the feeding point 222 is disposed on one side of the second balun support arm 22, and referring to fig. 10, a balun ground 223 connected to the feeding point 222 is disposed on the other side of the second balun support arm 22. The feed point 222 of the second balun support arms 22 is connected to the feed terminals of the second pair of dipole antenna arms. Alternatively, in order to facilitate the soldering support and enhance the mechanical tightness between the balun support arm and the radiator and power distribution board, soldering support points 224 for soldering fixation are provided on the upper and lower ends of the second balun support arm 22, and the soldering support points 224 do not serve an electrical purpose, but the feeding point 222 of the second balun support arm 22 may be disposed on the soldering support points 224.
The heights of the first balun support arm 21 and the second balun support arm 22 are one eighth of the operating center wavelength, so that a low-profile and small-volume antenna structure can be realized.
The reduction of the height of the antenna may cause the reduction of the length of the balun, the quarter-wavelength conversion is not satisfied, the matching is difficult, and the broadband matching can be realized by correcting the structural form of the grounding part of the balun support arm of the oscillator with lower height and polarization. Referring to fig. 8, a matching branch 215 connected to the balun ground 213 is further provided on the side of the first balun support arm 21 where the balun ground 213 is provided, forming a shunt portion, and in the form of an open circuit, the current can be balanced.
Referring to fig. 7-10, the first balun support arm 21 and the second balun support arm 22 are engaged and clamped together through respective slots. The upper end of the middle part of the first balun support arm 21 can be provided with a short groove, the lower end of the middle part of the second balun support arm 22 can be provided with a long groove, and the long groove is connected with the short groove in a matched mode, so that the first balun support arm 21 and the second balun support arm 22 are connected in an orthogonal mode.
Referring to fig. 11, the dual-polarized element antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention may include a power distribution board 3, a reflection board 4, and the dual-polarized element unit according to any one of the foregoing embodiments. The upper surface of the power distribution board 3 is connected with the oscillator unit, specifically, the power distribution board 3 is connected with the balun support part, referring to fig. 12, the power distribution board is provided with the balun support part connecting part 31, which can be connected with more than one oscillator unit, and power division is realized through the transmission line 32 or the power divider, etc. The reflection plate 4 may be disposed on an upper surface or a lower surface of the power distribution plate 3.
By adopting more power distribution boards 3 and oscillator units, the dual-polarized base station antenna with more units, different gains and different beam widths can be realized. In addition, in the integral assembly mode, the oscillator unit can be firstly installed with the power distribution plate 3, and then the whole oscillator unit is fixed with the bottom reflecting plate 4 through screws or rivets, and in this case, the power distribution plate 3 is positioned on the front surface of the reflecting plate 4; of course, the power distribution plate 3 may also be disposed on the back of the reflection plate 4, the power distribution plate 3 is first fixed on the back of the reflection plate 4 by screws or rivets, and then the vibrator unit passes through the slot of the reflection plate 4 to implement back mounting.
The multi-frequency antenna array of the embodiment of the invention comprises at least one low-frequency antenna array and at least one high-frequency antenna array, wherein the working frequency range of the low-frequency array is 690 MHz-960 MHz, and the working frequency range of the high-frequency array is 1600 MHz-2700 MHz. At least one antenna element in the high-frequency antenna array uses the dual-polarized element antenna of the foregoing embodiment. The antenna elements in the low frequency array may be arbitrarily selected. Alternatively, referring to fig. 13, the low frequency antenna array 101 is an array having two low frequency antenna units; the high frequency antenna array 102 is two arrays, each having two dual polarized element antennas of the foregoing embodiments.
The antenna and the antenna array of the oscillator unit can realize low profile, reduce the height of the antenna with the wavelength of 0.25 to the wavelength of 0.125 under the traditional structure, integrally reduce the height sizes of the antenna housing and the reflecting plate, and inhibit low-frequency coupling in a multi-frequency antenna.
Simulations of the antenna in the present example, with reference to fig. 14-18, electrical performance data is given.
Referring to fig. 14, the first pair of dipole antenna arms and the second pair of dipole antenna form two polarized waves, the standing wave ratio of the two polarized ports is less than 1.45, and the matching is good in the range of the working frequency from 1.71GHz to 2.17 GHz.
Referring to fig. 15, the isolation of the two polarized ports is greater than 28dB, and the isolation is better.
Referring to fig. 16, in the operating frequency band range of 1.71GHz to 2.17GHz, the horizontal plane beam convergence is good, and the beam width is between 64 ° and 66 °.
Referring to fig. 17, in the working frequency band range of 1.71GHz to 2.17GHz, the front-to-back ratio of the total power is greater than 25dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the main polarization is greater than 30 dB; the cross-polarization ratio (axial) is greater than 31dB and the cross-polarization ratio (sector) is greater than 15 dB.
Referring to fig. 18, the gain is greater than 11dB in the 1.71 GHz-2.17 GHz operating band and increases as the frequency increases.
The oscillator unit and the antenna thereof can realize ultra wide band, high gain, high efficiency, high cross polarization ratio, high front-to-back ratio, high isolation, low profile and low coupling, have simple and attractive structure, are easy to realize in engineering, are suitable for mass production, reduce the production cost and meet the industrial standard of base station antennas in electrical performance indexes.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A dual-polarized oscillator unit is characterized by comprising an emitter and a balun support part used for feeding the emitter; the radiator comprises a dielectric substrate, two pairs of dipole antenna arms which are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and are orthogonally arranged at a positive angle or a negative angle of 45 degrees, and a plurality of coupling metal strips arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate; current induction is generated between the dipole antenna arms and the coupling metal strips, so that current paths are formed on the coupling metal strips;
the two pairs of dipole antenna arms are orthogonal relatively, the intersection point is the central point of each pair of dipole antenna arms, each pair of dipole antenna arms are rotationally symmetrical relative to the central point, each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, one side or two sides of each opening part of the first pair of dipole antenna arms are provided with outward extending branches, two sides of each opening part of the second pair of dipole antenna arms are not provided with extending branches, two sides of each opening part of the second pair of dipole antenna arms are respectively corresponding to one coupling metal strip, and current induction is generated between two sides of each opening part of the second pair of dipole antenna arms and the corresponding coupling metal strips;
or,
the two pairs of dipole antenna arms are orthogonal relatively, the intersection point is the central point of each pair of dipole antenna arms, each pair of dipole antenna arms are rotationally symmetrical relative to the central point, each dipole antenna arm is in a frame shape with an opening, one side of each opening part of each pair of dipole antenna arms is provided with an outward extending branch, one side of each opening part of each pair of dipole antenna arms, which is not provided with the extending branch, corresponds to one coupling metal strip respectively, and current induction is generated between one side of each opening part of each pair of dipole antenna arms, which is not provided with the extending branch, and the corresponding coupling metal strip.
2. The dual polarized vibrator element of claim 1, wherein the coupling metal strips are four strips; the beginning of each coupling metal strip is disposed below the end of the opening of the dipole antenna arm where no extension branches are disposed, and the beginning of each coupling metal strip corresponds to one end, so that current induction is generated at the beginning and corresponding end of each coupling metal strip, and a current path is formed on each coupling metal strip.
3. The dual polarized vibrator element of claim 2, wherein the ends of each coupling metal strip are located below its adjacent extension branches, whereby the ends of the respective coupling metal strips and the respective extension branches induce current.
4. The dual polarized dipole unit of claim 1, wherein both ends of the opening of each dipole antenna arm are provided with branch projections which are raised portions extending from the ends of said opening.
5. The dual polarized dipole unit of claim 4, wherein the projections on the legs at the ends of the opening of each dipole antenna arm are engaged to form an open pincer-like structure.
6. The dual polarized vibrator element of claim 4, wherein the beginning and/or end of each of the coupling metal strips is shaped to be the same as the shape of the branch protrusions.
7. The dual polarized vibrator element of claim 1, wherein the coupling metal strips are disposed along an edge of the dielectric substrate and/or the extension branches are disposed along an edge of the dielectric substrate.
8. The dual polarized dipole unit of claim 1 wherein adjacent dipole antenna arms have a slit therebetween.
9. The dual polarized vibrator unit of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the balun support includes a first balun support arm and a second balun support arm orthogonally connected to each other; the first balun support arm feeds the first pair of dipole antenna arms, and the second balun support arm feeds the second pair of dipole antenna arms; one side of each balun support arm is provided with a microstrip line balun connected with the feed point of the dipole antenna arm, and the other side of each balun support arm is provided with a balun ground wire connected with the feed point of the dipole antenna arm; the height of the first balun support arm and the height of the second balun support arm are smaller than or equal to one eighth of the wavelength of the work center.
10. The dual polarized vibrator unit of claim 9, wherein at least one of the balun support arms has a matching stub on a side thereof having a balun ground for balancing current.
11. The dual polarized vibrator unit of claim 9, wherein the first and second balun support arms are adapted to be snapped together by being respectively slotted.
12. The dual polarized vibrator unit of claim 9, wherein at least one of the balun support arms is further provided at upper and lower ends thereof with welding support points for welding fixation.
13. A dual polarized element antenna, comprising a power distribution board, a reflection board and the dual polarized element unit of any one of claims 1 to 7; the balun support part is arranged on the upper surface of the power distribution plate; the reflection plate is disposed on an upper surface or a lower surface of the power distribution plate.
14. A multi-frequency antenna array comprising at least one low-frequency antenna array and at least one high-frequency antenna array, wherein at least one antenna element of the high-frequency antenna array uses the dual-polarized element antenna according to claim 13.
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