CN109103574B - Dual-frequency dual-polarized oscillator antenna - Google Patents
Dual-frequency dual-polarized oscillator antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109103574B CN109103574B CN201810765069.1A CN201810765069A CN109103574B CN 109103574 B CN109103574 B CN 109103574B CN 201810765069 A CN201810765069 A CN 201810765069A CN 109103574 B CN109103574 B CN 109103574B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007430 reference method Methods 0.000 description 2
- LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobiphenyl Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 LAXBNTIAOJWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710149812 Pyruvate carboxylase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/106—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
- H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
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Abstract
The double-frequency dual-polarized vibrator is prepared by the following technical measures: 1) Designing a dual-frequency orthogonal polarization vibrator unit; 2) Loading an open circuit unit in the upper and lower centers of the vibrator; 3) The edge of the top of the vibrator is loaded with a short-circuit unit; 4) Loading lumped circuit elements at the tail end of the vibrator; 5) A square metal floor with an outer folded edge is arranged below the vibrator; 6) The two pairs of balun short-circuits the vibrator to the ground and the 50 omega cable is used for central feeding, the crossed vibrator realizes double-frequency (+ -45 DEG dual-polarized work of 2.20-2.43 GHz and 3.15-3.50 GHz frequency bands, the standing wave VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0, the gain G=7.8-10.4 dBi, and the efficiency is highη A Not less than 88% and isolation |S 21 |<-38dB, cross polarization ratio XPD<-48dB. The two frequency bands have ideal consistent directional radiation beams, and the technical problem that the cross vibrator is difficult to realize double frequency or multiple frequency is solved. The result has considerable application prospect in mobile communication, especially micro base station antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to mobile communication antenna equipment and technology, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Background
Dipoles or dipoles (dipoles) are one of the most widely used antennas in radio engineering. The antenna variants from which it evolved are not counted, wherein dual polarized cross oscillators have become the basic radiating elements of mobile communication base station antennas. However, the cross oscillator radiating units used in various base station antennas at present are all single-band, such as 698-960/1710-2700/3400-3800 MHz. In this way, a pair of high-gain base station antennas covering a plurality of service frequency bands is designed, and then a plurality of vibrators with different frequency bands are required to be independently assembled. In order to save space, the frequency band arrays are coaxially arranged side by side or up and down, for example, the frequency bands of 698-960 MHz and the frequency bands of 1710-2700 MHz are nested and coaxially arranged. However, since the spacing between adjacent two columns of elements cannot be as small as zero, the overall size of the antenna is not yet compact. However, as the frequency band is planned more and more, the number of the antenna ports of the traditional macro base station is more and more, and the size is larger and larger. This is a very unreasonable design today where site resources are highly intense.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a miniaturized, dual-band, dual-polarized, directional, high-gain, high-efficiency, low-sidelobe, low intermodulation, high-reliability, simple structure, low cost and easy-to-produce basic radiating element oscillator antenna for a dual-frequency macro base station or a micro base station of cellular mobile communication, and provides a beneficial reference method for designing and improving broadband and multi-frequency oscillator antennas.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the dual-frequency dual-polarized oscillator antenna is provided with a reflecting plate, and an orthogonal polarized oscillator unit, an upper and lower center loading unit, a top edge loading unit, two pairs of balun and a coaxial cable for feeding are arranged above the reflecting plate;
the orthogonal polarization vibrator unit comprises two pairs of identical half-wave vibrators arranged on a medium substrate, the two pairs of half-wave vibrators are symmetrical according to an orthogonal center line, feed points arranged at the centers of the two pairs of half-wave vibrators are respectively positioned on the front side and the back side of the medium substrate, each pair of half-wave vibrators are connected to a reflecting plate through a pair of balun short circuits, the middle of each half-wave vibrator is provided with a short straight open branch arranged along the orthogonal center line, two ends of each short straight open branch are respectively connected with the initial ends of a pair of straight bent arms, and the tail ends of the pair of straight bent arms are connected with the tail ends of the adjacent straight bent arms of the other vibrator through lumped circuit elements;
the upper and lower center loading units are provided with four groups, the four groups of identical upper and lower center loading units are covered on the orthogonal central line in a cross shape and are symmetrically arranged about the orthogonal central line of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit, the upper center loading unit and the lower center loading unit of each group of upper and lower center loading units are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit in parallel, each upper center loading unit and each lower center loading unit comprise multiple sections of units which are different in height, different in width and connected in sequence, the starting ends of the upper center loading unit and the lower center loading unit are connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of a half-wave vibrator at the position, and the other parts of the upper center loading unit and the lower center loading unit are respectively suspended on the two sides of the half-wave vibrator;
the top edge loading units are provided with two groups, the two groups of identical top edge loading units are symmetrical about the orthogonal central line and are suspended above the straight bent arms of the orthogonal polarized vibrator units in parallel, the initial ends of the top edge loading units are connected with the straight bent arms of the half-wave vibrators at the positions, and the tail ends of the top edge loading units are connected with the adjacent ends of the other groups of top edge loading units into a whole.
At least one pair of open-circuit branches or/and at least one pair of short-circuit branches are symmetrically connected to a pair of straight bent arms respectively connected with two ends of the short-circuit branches.
The lumped circuit element is a sheet capacitor or a sheet inductor, and if the lumped circuit element is a capacitor, the capacitance value is 20-40 pF; if the inductance is the inductance, the inductance value is 10-20 nH; a cross vibrator loads 4 or 8 sheet capacitors or sheet inductors in total, if an orthogonal polarized vibrator unit loads 8 sheet capacitors, the 8 sheet capacitors are connected in parallel in pairs, and if an orthogonal polarized vibrator unit loads 8 sheet inductors, the 8 sheet inductors are connected in series in pairs.
The multi-section unit is three sections, namely a starting section, a middle section and a tail section, wherein the heights of the starting section and the tail section are lower than those of the middle section, and the widths of the starting section and the tail section are smaller than those of the middle section.
The starting end of the upper central loading unit consists of a transverse plate A and upright plates A symmetrically arranged at two sides of the transverse plate A, the two upright plates A are connected with a half-wave vibrator, the starting end of the lower central loading unit is a transverse plate B, the middle section and the end section of the upper central loading unit are identical to those of the lower central loading unit, the middle section consists of a transverse plate C, an upright plate B and an upright plate C, one end of the transverse plate C is connected with the starting section through the upright plates B, the other end of the transverse plate C is connected with the end section through the upright plates C, and the end section is a transverse plate D arranged along an orthogonal center line.
The vertical sheets C are uniformly arranged and connected with the transverse sheets C, and the vertical sheets C positioned in the middle are connected with the transverse sheets D.
The top edge loading unit is divided into four parts symmetrical about the orthogonal center line by the orthogonal center line, each part is formed by connecting three horizontal sections with three vertical connecting sheets, the starting end of each part is connected with a half-wave oscillator at the position through a first vertical connecting sheet, and the tail end of each part is connected with the tail end of the adjacent top edge loading unit.
The reflecting plate is square and comprises a bottom, side walls arranged on the periphery of the bottom and bent edges curled outwards, wherein the orthogonal polarization vibrator units are arranged in a space surrounded by the side walls, and the centers of the orthogonal polarization vibrator units are coincident with the center of the bottom.
According to the invention, two pairs of balun are formed by four upright metal posts, and pass through a dielectric substrate and a lower center loading unit to short-circuit two half-wave vibrators to a reflecting plate.
The coaxial cable is fed by two standard 50 omega coaxial cables, the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each coaxial cable are respectively connected with two arms of the same half-wave vibrator, the coaxial cable passes through the reflecting plate along one side of the balun and downwards runs, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is completely welded with one metal column of the balun into a whole.
The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate material is epsilon r=1-20, namely various common dielectric substrates including air.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the present invention is a dual-band or multi-band vibrator that resonates at multiple frequency bands simultaneously with good uniformity of the directional patterns of each frequency band, but this is very difficult and the benefits are apparent. Besides the advantages, the multi-frequency vibrator can be used for materials in general, and assembly procedures are simplified, so that manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. The invention provides a dual-frequency dual-polarized vibrator, which is prepared by the following technical measures: 1) Designing a dual-frequency orthogonal polarization vibrator unit; 2) Loading an open circuit unit in the upper and lower centers of the vibrator; 3) Vibrator topLoading a short-circuit unit on the edge of the part; 4) Loading lumped circuit elements at the tail end of the vibrator; 5) A square metal floor with an outer folded edge is arranged below the vibrator; 6) The two pairs of balun short-circuits the vibrator to the ground and the 50 omega cable is used for central feeding, the crossed vibrator realizes double-frequency (+ -45 DEG dual-polarized work of 2.20-2.43 GHz and 3.15-3.50 GHz frequency bands, the standing wave VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0, the gain G=7.8-10.4 dBi, and the efficiency is highη A Not less than 88% and isolation |S 21 |<-38dB, cross polarization ratio XPD<-48dB. The two frequency bands have ideal consistent directional radiation beams, and the technical problem that the cross vibrator is difficult to realize double frequency or multiple frequency is solved. The result has considerable application prospect in mobile communication, especially micro base station antennas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of rectangular coordinate system definition used by an antenna model.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an orthogonally polarized vibrator unit of a dual-frequency dual-polarized vibrator.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a feeding point in the center of the dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the upper center loading unit of the dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 5 is a side view of the upper center loading unit of the dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 6 is an exploded view of top and bottom symmetrical center loading units of a dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 7 is a side view of a top-bottom symmetrical upper and lower center loading unit and a dielectric substrate of the dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 8 is a side view of an orthogonally polarized dipole element unit with top and bottom symmetric upper and lower center loading units of a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 9 is a front view of an orthogonal polarized dipole element unit with top and bottom symmetrical upper and lower center loading units of a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 10 is a top view of a top edge loading unit of the dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 11 is a side view of a top edge loading unit of a dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 12 is a side view of an orthogonally polarized dipole element with top edge loading elements of a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 13 is a side view of an orthogonally polarized dipole element of a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antenna with top and bottom symmetric upper and lower center loading elements and top edge loading elements.
Fig. 14 is a top view of a reflecting plate with an outwardly folded edge of a dual-band dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 15 is a side view of a reflector plate with outwardly folded edges of a dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 16 is a front view of a reflecting plate with an outwardly folded edge of a dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 17 is a top view of a complete dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 18 is a side view of a complete dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 19 is a front view of a complete dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna.
Fig. 20 shows the input impedance of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2).
Fig. 21 shows the reflection coefficient of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaS 11 Graph I.
Fig. 22 shows the port isolation of the dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaS 21 Graph I.
Fig. 23 is a standing wave VSWR plot for a dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna.
Fig. 24 shows +45° polarized frequency point of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf L Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz.
Fig. 25 shows +45° polarized frequency point of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf H Gain pattern of =3.20 GHz.
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the-45℃polarization frequency point of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf L Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz.
FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the-45 polarized frequency point of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf H Gain pattern of =3.20 GHz.
Fig. 28 shows the gain of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics.
FIG. 29 is a graph showing E/H-plane half-power beamwidth HBPW of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna as a function of frequencyfChanging characteristics.
FIG. 30 is a front-to-back ratio FTBR versus frequency for a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antennafChanging characteristics.
Fig. 31 is an efficiency of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to explain the technical scheme of the present invention in detail. Here, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be particularly noted that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only and are not intended to limit or define the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized, dual-band, dual-polarized, directional, high-gain, high-efficiency, low-sidelobe and low-intermodulation basic radiating element antenna with high reliability, simple structure, low cost and easy production for a dual-frequency macro base station or a micro base station of cellular mobile communication, and provides a beneficial reference method for designing and improving broadband and multi-frequency element antennas.
A dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna is provided with a reflecting plate, and an orthogonal polarized dipole unit 2, an upper and lower center loading unit 3, a top edge loading unit 3, two pairs of balun 6 and a coaxial cable 7 for feeding are arranged above the reflecting plate 5.
As shown in fig. 2, the dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna has a polarization mode of ±45°, H/V or any other orthogonal linear polarization, and at least two working frequency bands are implemented by adopting a pair of cross elements (orthogonal polarized element units) which are arranged in a coplanar manner and are orthogonally placed; the cross vibrator refers to two half-wave vibrators which are orthogonally placed together, the cross vibrator can be printed on one side or two sides of a PCB board, if the cross vibrator is two sides, the two sides are connected through a metallized via hole, the orthogonal polarization vibrator unit 2 comprises two pairs of identical half-wave vibrators 21 arranged on the medium substrate 1, the two half-wave vibrators 21 are symmetrical according to an orthogonal center line, feed point parts 212 and 214 arranged at the centers of the two half-wave vibrators 21 are respectively positioned on the front side and the back side of the medium substrate 1, each half-wave vibrator 21 is connected on the reflecting plate 5 through a pair of balun 6 in a short circuit manner, a short straight open branch 215 is arranged in the middle of the half-wave vibrator 21 along the orthogonal center line, two ends of the short straight open branch 215 are respectively connected with the starting ends of a pair of straight bent arms, and the tail ends of the pair of straight bent arms adjacent to the other vibrator are connected with the tail ends of the straight bent arms of the other vibrator through a lumped circuit element 223; the straight bending arm is formed by bending a straight arm, as shown in fig. 2, taking a straight bending wall below the short straight open branch 215 at the lower right as an example, the initial section of the straight bending wall is designed along the negative direction of the Y axis, then bends along the positive direction of the X axis, bends along the negative direction of the X axis again, and finally bends towards the negative direction of the X axis, and the straight bending wall above the short straight open branch 215 at the lower right is symmetrical with respect to the short straight open branch 215.
The four groups of the upper and lower center loading units 4 are arranged, the four groups of the identical upper and lower center loading units 4 are covered on the orthogonal central line in a cross shape and are symmetrically arranged about the orthogonal central line of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit 2, the upper center loading unit 41 and the lower center loading unit 42 of each group of the upper and lower center loading units 4 are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit 2 in parallel, the upper center loading unit 41 and the lower center loading unit 42 comprise multi-section units which are different in height and width and are sequentially connected, the starting ends of the upper center loading unit 41 and the lower center loading unit 42 are connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of the half-wave vibrator 21 at the position, and the other parts of the upper center loading unit 41 and the lower center loading unit 42 are respectively suspended on the two sides of the half-wave vibrator 21.
The top edge loading units 3 are provided with two groups, the two groups of identical top edge loading units 3 are symmetrical about the orthogonal center line and are suspended above the straight bent arms of the orthogonal polarized vibrator units 2 in parallel, the initial ends of the top edge loading units 3 are connected with the straight bent arms of the half-wave vibrators 21 at the positions, and the tail ends of the top edge loading units 3 are connected with the adjacent ends of the other groups of top edge loading units 3 into a whole.
Preferably, at least one pair of open branches or/and at least one pair of short-circuit branches are symmetrically connected to a pair of straight bent arms respectively connected to both ends of the short straight open branch 215. For example, as shown in fig. 2, the orthogonally polarized vibrator unit 2 is composed of center feed points 212, 214, a middle short straight open branch 215, two side straight bent arms, two pairs of open branches 216, 217 of different lengths, an arrow-shaped short branch 218, a short straight open branch 220 at the end of the arrow-shaped short branch 218, end open and short branches 219, 221, and lumped circuit elements; the two center feed points 212 and 214 are respectively positioned on the top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1; the middle short straight branch 215 is positioned in the direction of a center line of +/-45 degrees; the inside of the straight bent arm is provided with two pairs of open-circuit branches 216 and 217 which are perpendicular to the arm, have different lengths and are parallel to each other, the tail ends of the straight bent arm at two sides are connected by an arrow-shaped branch 218, and an arrow handle (the short straight open-circuit branch at the tail end of the arrow-shaped short-circuit branch 218) 220 penetrates into the gap at the tail ends of the two arms and is parallel to the two side edges of the gap; after the tail end of the straight bent arm reversely rotates 180 degrees, the straight bent arm is divided into two pairs of open-circuit branches 221 and 222 which are different in length and parallel to each other, and the tail ends of the two pairs of connected long branches are connected through a lumped circuit element 223.
Preferably, the lumped circuit element 223 is a chip capacitor or chip inductor, and if it is a capacitor, the capacitance value is 20-40 pf; if the inductance is the inductance, the inductance value is 10-20 nH; a cross vibrator is loaded with 4 or 8 chip capacitors or chip inductors. If 8 sheet-shaped capacitors are loaded on one orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), the 8 sheet-shaped capacitors are equally divided into four groups, two capacitors in each group are connected in parallel, and if 8 sheet-shaped inductors are loaded on one orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), the 8 sheet-shaped inductors are equally divided into four groups, and two inductors in each group are connected in series.
Preferably, the multi-stage units of the upper and lower central loading units 41 and 42 are divided into three stages, namely a start stage, a middle stage and a final stage, the heights of the start and final stages are lower than those of the middle stage, and the widths of the start and final stages are smaller than those of the middle stage. The upper central loading unit 41 and the lower central loading unit 42 are partially symmetrical, except for the initial section, the rest parts are the same; the upper central loading unit 41 and the lower central loading unit 42 are connected with the half-wave vibrator through the vertical plates at the initial section, and the rest parts are suspended at the two sides of the center of the vibrator;
preferably, the starting end of the upper central loading unit 41 is composed of a transverse sheet a410 and upright sheets a408 symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transverse sheet a410, the two upright sheets a408 are connected with the half-wave vibrator 21, the starting end of the lower central loading unit 42 is a transverse sheet B409, the middle section, the end section and the middle section and the end section of the lower central loading unit 42 of the upper central loading unit 41 are completely identical, the middle section is composed of a transverse sheet C412, an upright sheet B411 and an upright sheet C414, one end of the transverse sheet C412 is connected with the starting section through the upright sheet B411, the other end of the transverse sheet C412 is connected with the end section through the upright sheet C414, and the end section is a transverse sheet D413 arranged along the orthogonal center line. The width of the cross piece C412 and the cross piece D413 may be set into the space enclosed by the top edge loading unit according to the design of the top edge loading unit.
Preferably, the upright sheet C414 is provided with three sheets, the three upright sheets C414 are uniformly arranged and connected with the transverse sheet C412, and the upright sheet C415 positioned in the middle is connected with the transverse sheet D413, so that the signal transmission effect is more excellent.
Preferably, the top edge loading unit 3 is divided into four parts symmetrical about the orthogonal center line by the orthogonal center line, each part is formed by connecting three horizontal sections 311, 313, 315 and three vertical connecting sheets 310, 312, 314, the beginning end of each part is connected with the half-wave vibrator 21 at the position through the first vertical connecting sheet 310, 312, 314, and the tail end of each part is connected with the tail end of the adjacent top edge loading unit 3.
Preferably, the reflecting plate 5 is square, and includes a bottom 509, a side wall 510 disposed around the bottom 509, and an outwardly curled bending edge 511, where the orthogonally polarized vibrator unit 2 is disposed in a space enclosed by the side wall 510, and the center of the orthogonally polarized vibrator unit 2 coincides with the center of the bottom 509.
Preferably, four upright metal posts form two pairs of balun 6, and the two pairs of balun 6 pass through the dielectric substrate 1 and the lower center loading unit 42 to short-circuit the two half-wave vibrators 21 onto the reflecting plate 5, so that the metal posts not only play a role in balun, but also play a role in fixing and supporting vibrators.
Preferably, two standard 50Ω coaxial cables 7 are used for feeding, the inner and outer conductors of each coaxial cable 7 are respectively connected to two arms of the same half-wave vibrator 21, namely, when the outer conductor of one coaxial cable 7 is electrically connected with one arm of one half-wave vibrator, the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 7 is electrically connected with the other arm of the half-wave vibrator, the other coaxial cable 7 is similarly connected with two arms of the other half-wave vibrator for feeding, the coaxial cable 7 passes through the reflecting plate 5 along the downward wiring of one side of the balun, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 7 is completely welded with one metal post of the balun 6 into a whole.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate 1 has a dielectric constant of epsilonr=1 to 20, that is, various common dielectric substrates including air, such as Rogers series, taconic series, and aron series.
Fig. 20 shows the input impedance of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaZ in Is a frequency characteristic of (2). Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is the impedanceZ in The unit is omega; the solid line represents +45°, the dashed line represents-45 °; the smooth line is the real partR in The dotted line is the imaginary partX in . As shown in the figure, the real part and the imaginary part respectively have the following change ranges in the frequency bands of 2.01-2.43GHz and 3.159-3.495 GHz: the impedance characteristics of the dual-frequency antenna are obvious, wherein +44 to +86 omega, -35 to +35 omega, +21 to +53 omega and-20 to +20 omega.
Fig. 21 shows the reflection coefficient of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaS 11 Graph I. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) isS 11 Amplitude of |S 11 I, in dB; the solid line represents +45°, and the dashed line represents-45 °. As shown in the figure, the antenna realizes good impedance matching (I) in the frequency bands of 2.01-2.43GHz and 3.159-3.495GHzS 11 The absolute value is less than or equal to-10 dB), the minimum value can reach-31.4 dB, the relative bandwidths are 18.92 percent and 9.32 percent respectively, and the dual-frequency dual-polarization work is basically realized.
Fig. 22 shows the port isolation of the dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaS 21 Graph I. Wherein the transverse axis (X-axis) isFrequency offThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) isS 21 Amplitude of |S 21 I, in dB. As shown in the figure, the antennas have port isolation of + -45 degrees in the frequency bands of 2.01-2.43GHz and 3.159-3.495GHzS 21 The isolation is very ideal, and the level is less than or equal to-38 dB and less than or equal to-45 dB.
Fig. 23 is a standing wave VSWR plot for a dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is VSWR; the solid line represents +45°, and the dashed line represents-45 °. As shown in the figure, the antenna realizes good impedance matching (VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0) in the frequency bands of 2.01-2.43GHz and 3.159-3.495GHz, the minimum reaches-1.05, the relative bandwidths are 18.92% and 9.32%, and dual-frequency dual-polarization work is realized.
Fig. 24 shows +45° polarized frequency point of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf L Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the E-plane and the broken line represents the H-plane; the smooth line is the main polarization, and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the main polarization and the cross polarization of the E/H surface almost coincide, which shows that the directional patterns of the two surfaces are good in consistency, and the cross polarization XPD is low and is below-48 dB.
Fig. 25 shows +45° polarized frequency point of dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf H Gain pattern of =3.20 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the E-plane and the broken line represents the H-plane; the smooth line is the main polarization, and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the main polarization and the cross polarization of the E/H surface almost coincide, which shows that the directional patterns of the two surfaces are good in consistency, and the cross polarization XPD is low and is below-48 dB.
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing the-45℃polarization frequency point of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf L Gain pattern of =2.20 GHz. Wherein the solid line represents the E-plane and the broken line represents the H-plane; the smooth line is the main polarization, and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the main polarization and the cross polarization of the E/H surface almost coincide, which shows that the directional patterns of the two surfaces are good in consistency, and the cross polarization XPD is low and is below-48 dB.
FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the-45 polarized frequency point of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaf H Gain pattern of =3.20 GHz. Wherein the method comprises the steps ofThe solid line represents the E-plane and the broken line represents the H-plane; the smooth line is the main polarization, and the dotted line is the cross polarization; the main polarization and the cross polarization of the E/H surface almost coincide, which shows that the directional patterns of the two surfaces are good in consistency, and the cross polarization XPD is low and is below-48 dB.
Fig. 28 shows the gain of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaGWith frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is gainGThe unit is dBi. From the figure, gain in low and high frequency bands is polarized at + -45 DEGGThe change ranges are respectively as follows: 7.86-9.00 dBi/8.12-10.4 dBi, 7.8-10.4 dBi/8.38-10.4 dBi, and the gain consistency of the high-low frequency bands and the +/-45 DEG polarization is good.
FIG. 29 is a graph showing E/H-plane half-power beamwidth HBPW of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antenna as a function of frequencyfChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is the beam width in degrees (deg); the solid line is +45° polarized and the dashed line is-45 ° polarized. As shown in the figure, the bandwidth hpbw=64 to 73°, 53 to 60 ° of the ±45° polarization in the low-high frequency band; the two polarization bandwidths and the E/H face bandwidth of each polarization are nearly equal.
FIG. 30 is a front-to-back ratio FTBR versus frequency for a dual frequency dual polarized dipole antennafChanging characteristics. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y-axis) is FTBR in dB; the solid line is +45° polarized and the dashed line is-45 ° polarized. As shown in the figure, the front-to-back ratio of the +/-45 DEG polarization in the low-high frequency band is FTBR=27.0-28.6 dB/28.3-31.9 dB, 26.0-30.0 dB/25.0-32.6 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the two polarizations in the high-low frequency band is very high.
Fig. 31 is an efficiency of a dual-band dual-polarized dipole antennaη A With frequencyfA change curve. Wherein the horizontal axis (X-axis) is frequencyfThe unit is GHz; the vertical axis (Y axis) is efficiency; the solid line is +45° polarized and the dashed line is-45 ° polarized. From the figure, the efficiency of +/-45 DEG polarization in the low-high frequency bandη A ≥95%、η A And the efficiency is high and is more than or equal to 88 percent.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation or limitation of the invention.
The dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna comprises a pair of printed crossed vibrators, four pairs of top and bottom center loading units, two pairs of top edge loading units, four lumped loading circuit elements, two pairs of balun, two feeder cables and a floor with curled edges, and therefore, the design method of the dual-frequency dual-polarized dipole antenna is as follows:
step one, establishing a space rectangular coordinate system, see fig. 1;
and step two, constructing a + -45 DEG polarized vibrator unit. Two pairs of identical half-wave vibrators are respectively placed along the +/-45 DEG direction on an XOY plane, the centers of the half-wave vibrators are feed points, and the feed points 214 and 216 of the two half-wave vibrators are positioned on the front side and the back side of the PCB 1 through a vertical plate 213; the two vibrators are symmetrical about a center line of +/-45 degrees respectively, a section of short straight open branch 215 is arranged in the middle of the vibrators, and a pair of straight bent arms are arranged at two ends of the short straight open branch 215; the initial end of the straight bent arm is loaded with two pairs of open-circuit branches 216 and 217 with different lengths; the middle of the straight bent arm is provided with a short circuit branch 218, and the end of the branch is provided with a short and straight open circuit branch 220; the tail end of the straight bent arm is provided with two pairs of open branches 219 and 221 and a pair of short-circuit branches 222, and the short-circuit branches 222 are connected with the short-circuit branches 222 of the other half-wave vibrator through lumped circuit elements 223, as shown in fig. 2-3;
and thirdly, constructing an upper and lower center loading unit. And loading a pair of up-down symmetrical units on the upper side and the lower side of the center line of the + -45 DEG polarized vibrator unit in the second step, wherein the units comprise a starting section consisting of an upright sheet A408, a transverse sheet B409 and a transverse sheet A410, a middle section consisting of an upright sheet B411, a transverse sheet C412 and upright sheets C414 and 415 and a final section consisting of a transverse sheet D413. The starting end 408 and the middle section 411 are connected with the short straight open branch 215 in the center of the vibrator, and the rest are suspended on the upper side and the lower side of the center line of the vibrator. It should be noted that, the starting end of the lower unit does not include 408 and 409, and the rest is identical to the upper unit, and the upper central loading unit 41 and the lower central loading unit 42 are respectively located above the top surface and below the bottom surface of the PCB board, as shown in fig. 4 to 9;
and step four, constructing a top edge loading unit. Suspending another group of symmetrical loading units above straight bending arms at two sides of the center line of the polarized vibrator unit at the +/-45 DEG in the second step, connecting a vertical connecting sheet 310 at the initial end of each symmetrical loading unit with the straight bending arm at a position close to an open-circuit long branch 217, connecting a horizontal section 315 at the tail end of each symmetrical loading unit with a horizontal section 315 of the other group of symmetrical loading units crossed with the horizontal section 315, and combining the two symmetrical loading units; the unit consists of three horizontal sections 311, 313 and 315 with unequal heights and three vertical sections 310, 312 and 314, as shown in fig. 10-13;
and fifthly, arranging a reflecting plate. And a square metal floor which coincides with the center of the + -45 DEG polarized vibrator unit and is curled outwards is arranged on one side of the bottom of the + -45 DEG polarized vibrator unit in the second step, as shown in fig. 14-17, and the floor comprises a bottom 509, a side wall 510 and a bending edge 511. Then, four parallel metal cylinders are arranged at the center section 215 of the crossed vibrator and near the branching positions of the straight bent sections at the two sides and used as balun 6 of the two pairs of crossed vibrators, the metal cylinders short-circuit the vibrators to the metal floor below, and the metal cylinders penetrate through the medium substrate 1 and the round holes in the lower center loading unit in the step three, as shown in fig. 17-19; the metal column not only plays a role in balun, but also plays a role in fixing and supporting the vibrator;
and step six, coaxially feeding the vibrator. The standard 50 omega coaxial cables are connected to the feed points 214 and 212 of the crossed vibrator to feed, the inner conductor and the outer conductor of each coaxial cable are respectively connected with the two arms of the same half-wave vibrator, the coaxial cable 7 is routed downwards along the metal column at one side of the balun 6, and the whole section of the outer conductor is welded with the metal column, as shown in fig. 3, 12 and 19;
the invention has the positive progress effect that the following measures are adopted: 1) Designing a double-frequency cross vibrator unit; 2) Loading an open circuit unit in the upper and lower centers of the vibrator; 3) The edge of the top of the vibrator is loaded with a short-circuit unit; 4) Loading lumped elements at the tail end of the vibrator; 5) A square metal floor with an outer folded edge is arranged below the vibrator; 6) The two pairs of balun short-circuits the vibrator to the ground, and the 50 omega cable is used for central feeding, and the crossed vibrator realizes double-frequency (+ -45 DEG) dual-polarized work in the frequency bands of 2.20-2.43 GHz and 3.15-3.50 GHz, and residesWave VSWR is less than or equal to 2.0, gain G=7.8-10.4 dBi, efficiencyη A Not less than 88% and isolation |S 21 |<-38dB, cross polarization ratio XPD<The two frequency bands have ideal consistent directional radiation beams, and the technical problem that the cross vibrator is difficult to realize double frequency or multiple frequency is overcome. The result has considerable application prospect in mobile communication, especially micro base station antennas.
In addition, the method has the characteristics of novel thought, clear principle, universality, simplicity in implementation, low cost, suitability for mass production and the like, is a preferred scheme for replacing the conventional dual-frequency base station/micro base station antenna, and is applicable and effective for the design and improvement of the conventional broadband or multi-frequency cross oscillator antenna.
Claims (10)
1. Double-frequency dual-polarized oscillator antenna is provided with a reflecting plate (5), and is characterized in that: an orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), an upper and lower center loading unit (3), a top edge loading unit (3), two pairs of balun (6) and a coaxial cable (7) for feeding are arranged above the reflecting plate (5);
the orthogonal polarization vibrator unit (2) comprises two pairs of identical half-wave vibrators (21) arranged on a medium substrate (1), the two pairs of half-wave vibrators (21) are symmetrical according to an orthogonal center line, feed points arranged at the centers of the two pairs of half-wave vibrators (21) are respectively positioned on the front side and the back side of the medium substrate (1), each pair of half-wave vibrators (21) is connected to a reflecting plate (5) through a pair of balun (6) in a short circuit mode, a short straight open branch (215) is arranged in the middle of each half-wave vibrator (21) along the orthogonal center line, two ends of the short straight open branch (215) are respectively connected with the starting ends of a pair of straight bent arms, and the tail ends of the pair of straight bent arms are connected with the tail ends of the adjacent straight bent arms of the other vibrator through lumped circuit elements (223);
the upper and lower center loading units (4) are provided with four groups, four groups of identical upper and lower center loading units (4) are covered on an orthogonal central line in a cross shape and are symmetrically arranged about the orthogonal central line of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), an upper center loading unit (41) and a lower center loading unit (42) of each group of upper and lower center loading units (4) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2) in parallel, the upper center loading unit (41) and the lower center loading unit (42) comprise multi-section units which are different in height, different in width and sequentially connected, the starting ends of the upper center loading unit (41) and the lower center loading unit (42) are connected with the upper surface and the lower surface of a half-wave vibrator (21) at the position, and other parts of the upper center loading unit (41) and the lower center loading unit (42) are respectively suspended on the two sides of the half-wave vibrator (21);
the top edge loading units (3) are provided with two groups, the two groups of identical top edge loading units (3) are symmetrical about an orthogonal central line and are suspended above the straight bending arms of the orthogonal polarized vibrator units (2) in parallel, the starting ends of the top edge loading units (3) are connected with the straight bending arms of the half-wave vibrators (21) at the positions, and the tail ends of the top edge loading units (3) are connected with the adjacent tail ends of the other groups of top edge loading units (3) into a whole.
2. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: at least one pair of open-circuit branches or/and at least one pair of short-circuit branches are symmetrically connected on a pair of straight bent arms respectively connected with two ends of the short straight open-circuit branches (215).
3. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: the lumped circuit element (223) is a sheet capacitor or a sheet inductor, and if the lumped circuit element is a capacitor, the capacitance value is 20-40 pF; if the inductance is the inductance, the inductance value is 10-20 nH; 4 or 8 sheet capacitors or sheet inductors are loaded on one orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), if 8 sheet capacitors are loaded on one orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), the 8 sheet capacitors are connected in parallel in pairs, and if 8 sheet inductors are loaded on one orthogonal polarized vibrator unit (2), the 8 sheet inductors are connected in series in pairs.
4. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: the multi-section unit is three sections, namely a starting section, a middle section and a tail section, the heights of the starting section and the tail section are lower than those of the middle section, and the widths of the starting section and the tail section are smaller than those of the middle section.
5. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 4, wherein: the starting end of the upper central loading unit (41) consists of a transverse plate A (410) and upright plates A (408) symmetrically arranged on two sides of the transverse plate A (410), the two upright plates A (408) are connected with the half-wave vibrator (21), the starting end of the lower central loading unit (42) is a transverse plate B (409), the middle section, the end section and the middle section and the end section of the upper central loading unit (41) are identical, the middle section consists of a transverse plate C (412), an upright plate B (411) and an upright plate C (414), one end of the transverse plate C (412) is connected with the starting section through the upright plate B (411), the other end of the transverse plate C (412) is connected with the end section through the upright plate C (414), and the end section is a transverse plate D (413) arranged along an orthogonal center line.
6. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 5, wherein: the vertical sheets C (414) are provided with three vertical sheets, the three vertical sheets C (414) are uniformly arranged and connected with the transverse sheet C (412), and the vertical sheet C (414) positioned in the middle is connected with the transverse sheet D (413).
7. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: the top edge loading unit (3) is divided into four parts symmetrical about the orthogonal center line by the orthogonal center line, each part is formed by connecting three horizontal sections (311, 313, 315) with three vertical connecting sheets (310, 312, 314) mutually, the starting end of each part is connected with the half-wave vibrator (21) at the position through the first vertical connecting sheets (310, 312, 314), and the tail end of each part is connected with the tail end of the adjacent top edge loading unit (3).
8. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: the reflection plate (5) is square, and comprises a bottom (509), side walls (510) arranged on the periphery of the bottom (509) and bent edges (511) curled outwards, wherein the orthogonal polarization vibrator units (2) are arranged in a space surrounded by the side walls (510), and the centers of the orthogonal polarization vibrator units (2) are overlapped with the centers of the bottom (509).
9. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: four upright metal columns form two pairs of balun (6), the two pairs of balun (6) pass through a medium substrate (1) and a lower center loading unit (42) to short-circuit two half-wave vibrators (21) onto a reflecting plate (5), two standard 50 omega coaxial cables (7) are used for feeding, inner conductors and outer conductors of each coaxial cable (7) are respectively connected with two arms of the same half-wave vibrator (21), the coaxial cables (7) pass through the reflecting plate (5) along a downward wiring on one side of the balun, and an outer conductor of each coaxial cable (7) is completely welded with one metal column of the balun (6) into a whole.
10. The dual-frequency dual-polarized element antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric constant of the material of the dielectric substrate (1) is epsilon r=1-20.
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| CN111725613B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2022-04-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna unit and filtering antenna array |
| CN110233340B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-01-15 | 大连海事大学 | Double-frequency dual-polarization 5G antenna loaded with square slotted patch |
| CN110364818B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2020-04-24 | 大连理工大学 | Broadband miniaturization dual-polarized antenna |
| CN113131193B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-08-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Dual-polarized antenna, router and base station |
| CN113383464B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2024-04-02 | 鸿富锦精密工业(武汉)有限公司 | Dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna and electronic equipment |
| CN115693142A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-02-03 | 鸿富锦精密工业(武汉)有限公司 | Dual-frequency dual-polarization array antenna and electronic equipment |
| WO2023224966A1 (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2023-11-23 | John Mezzalingua Associates, LLC | Folded mid band dipole with improved low band transparency |
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| CN105896071A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-08-24 | 上海安费诺永亿通讯电子有限公司 | Dual-polarized vibrator unit, antenna and multi-frequency antenna array |
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