CN119108801A - A wide bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for base stations - Google Patents
A wide bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for base stations Download PDFInfo
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- CN119108801A CN119108801A CN202411433214.8A CN202411433214A CN119108801A CN 119108801 A CN119108801 A CN 119108801A CN 202411433214 A CN202411433214 A CN 202411433214A CN 119108801 A CN119108801 A CN 119108801A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
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Abstract
The invention discloses a base station-oriented broadband wide beam decoupling antenna which consists of a top layer additional structure, a dipole, a balun, a trapezoid grounding plate, a metal ground and a support post. Taking 1*2 antenna arrays as examples, taking a top layer additional structure and a trapezoid grounding plate as additional structures of the dipole antenna arrays, and distributing the additional structures above, in the middle and on two sides of the dipole arrays, and utilizing triple functions of decoupling, beam broadening and matching adjustment of metal strips of the top layer additional structure and the trapezoid grounding plate, and functions of H-shaped metal strips of the top layer additional structure on H-plane beam broadening, combining balun feed, realizing synchronous promotion of wide beam width bandwidth and decoupling bandwidth, and taking comprehensive working bandwidth, in-band beam width stability and structural complexity into consideration.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a microwave communication device, and in particular, to a broad bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for a base station.
Background
The base station antenna is a key component in the mobile communication system, and the broadband base station antenna can cover a plurality of frequency bands, so that the compatibility of a plurality of communication modes is facilitated, the frequency spectrum efficiency is improved, and the number of the base station antennas is reduced. Meanwhile, the half-power beam width is an important index of the base station antenna, the wide beam width is beneficial to increasing the coverage area and reducing the sector number, and the base station antenna with low mutual coupling is beneficial to ensuring that the base station antenna array keeps working normally in the aspects of matching, radiation pattern, efficiency and the like. However, the wideband base station antenna requires a half-power beam width and low mutual coupling between units to maintain a wider operating bandwidth, i.e. performance needs to meet wideband matching, wideband half-power beam width and wideband decoupling, so that the wideband base station antenna has a great challenge but has important engineering application value.
Existing base station antennas do not meet the technology of broadband wide beam and broadband decoupling at the same time. At present, two schemes exist on the method for widening the corresponding bandwidth of the wide beam width, namely, a first scheme is to combine a bent dipole arm with a metal wall on two sides, and construct magnetic dipoles with different working frequencies in the dipole and between the dipole arm and the metal wall, so that the beam widening of the wide bandwidth is realized, but the high-frequency magnetic dipoles radiate more weakly, so that the beam widening frequency band cannot cover the whole matching bandwidth, and a second scheme is to add a metal cylinder under the tail end of the bent metal arm of the wide-leaf magnetic dipole, and expand the beam widening bandwidth through the regulating action of the metal cylinder on the vertical current on the dipole arm under different frequencies, but the fluctuation of the beam width in the band is larger. The method for widening the decoupling bandwidth of the antenna has two schemes, namely, a first scheme is to utilize a composite dielectric layer to be overlapped with an array decoupling layer and combine multi-branch resonators distributed in an enclosed mode to realize mutual coupling reduction of an integral frequency band, the decoupling bandwidth needs to be further widened, the complexity of the integral structure is higher, and a second scheme is to place metal strip resonators on the front side, the rear side and the upper side of a dipole, so that a plurality of mutual coupling zero points are introduced to realize widening of the decoupling bandwidth, and the problems of complicated structure, high cost and the like are caused by more dielectric substrates.
The method for improving the wide beam width bandwidth or the decoupling bandwidth can only realize the bandwidth broadening of a single side of each, and can not synchronously realize the broadening of the common bandwidth of the two.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a wide bandwidth wave beam decoupling antenna facing a base station, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of wide bandwidth wave beams and wide bandwidth decoupling and can give consideration to comprehensive working bandwidth, in-band wave beam width stability and structural complexity.
The technical scheme is that the wide-bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for the base station comprises a top layer additional structure, N dipoles, N balun, (N+1) trapezoid grounding plates and metal ground, wherein N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2;
The top layer additional structure comprises a top layer medium substrate, wherein (n+1) metal strips are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the top layer medium substrate at intervals along a straight line, and two H-shaped metal strips are symmetrically distributed at a gap between two adjacent metal strips about the straight line;
The dipoles comprise a middle-layer dielectric substrate, half-wave vibrators positioned on the lower surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate, N dipoles are horizontally arranged below the top-layer additional structure along the linear direction, and the centers of the dipoles are respectively opposite to the middle points of gaps among the metal strips one by one;
and the (n+1) trapezoid grounding plates are arranged in parallel along the polarization direction at equal intervals and are respectively positioned at the middle points of gaps between two adjacent dipoles and the outer sides of the dipoles at two ends.
Further, in the dipole, a pair of square air through holes are arranged at the positions, close to the center feed, of the two arms of the half-wave oscillator;
The balun comprises a vertical dielectric substrate, a bent metal strip and two stepped metal strips, wherein the bent metal strip is positioned on the front surface of the vertical dielectric substrate and consists of a vertical part and a bent part connected with the top end of the vertical part, and the two stepped metal strips are symmetrically distributed on the back surface of the vertical dielectric substrate and respectively cover one narrow plug and one wide plug;
The main body of the metal ground is a rectangular metal sheet, and the balun is correspondingly inserted into two square air through holes of a dipole through two narrow bolts and is respectively inserted into corresponding grooves on the rectangular metal sheet through two wide bolts.
Further, the distance between the top layer additional structure and the metal ground is between 0.35 lambda 0-0.39λ0, lambda 0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the length of the metal strip is between 0.28 lambda 0-0.32λ0, the length of the left arm and the right arm of the H-shaped metal strip is between 0.14 lambda 0-0.18λ0, and the middle horizontal length is between 0.11 lambda 0-0.15λ0.
Further, the height between the dipole and the metal ground is 0.23 lambda 0-0.25λ0, the height of the trapezoid grounding plate is 0.19 lambda 0-0.23λ0, the width of the upper bottom is 0.06 lambda 0-0.10λ0, and the width of the lower bottom is 0.30 lambda 0-0.34λ0.
The wide-beam or decoupling base station antenna has the advantages that the existing wide-beam or decoupling base station antenna cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of wide-bandwidth beam and wide-bandwidth decoupling, can only realize wide-bandwidth decoupling or wide-bandwidth beam independently, and has the problems of relatively narrow comprehensive working bandwidth, poor bandwidth stability in the band or complex structure. Taking 1*2 antenna arrays as examples, the invention takes the top layer additional structure and the trapezoid grounding plates as the additional structures of the dipole antenna arrays, and distributes the additional structures above, in the middle and on two sides of the dipole arrays, and utilizes the triple functions of decoupling, beam broadening and matching adjustment of metal strips of the top layer additional structure and the trapezoid grounding plates, and the function of H-shaped metal strips of the top layer additional structure on H-plane beam broadening, and combines balun feed to realize synchronous promotion of wide beam width and decoupling bandwidth, and can also consider comprehensive working bandwidth, in-band beam width stability and structural complexity.
Specifically, three metal strips of the top layer additional structure are symmetrically arranged right above the dipole array along a straight line, wherein the middle metal strip not only can form a new coupling path between two dipoles to counteract and generate a high-frequency coupling zero point, but also can form oblique traction effect on E-plane radiation of each dipole by combining with metal strips on two sides to generate E-plane beam broadening of a high frequency band in a wide frequency band. Meanwhile, the three metal strips have an adjusting function on the resonant frequency and the matching degree of the antenna, and are beneficial to width matching.
The four H-shaped metal strips of the top layer additional structure are aligned with two gaps between the metal strips, the two sides of the metal strips are symmetrically arranged in a row, and the width of an H-plane wave beam can be widened to a certain extent by utilizing the oblique traction effect of the H-shaped metal strips on H-plane radiation.
The three trapezoid grounding plates are linearly and symmetrically distributed along the polarization direction and are respectively positioned in the middle and at two sides of a gap of the two dipoles, wherein the middle trapezoid grounding plate not only can adjust a coupling path to generate a coupling zero point of a low frequency band of an operating frequency band, but also can be coupled with the corresponding dipoles together with the trapezoid grounding plates at the two sides to form a new resonance mode which is positioned at the low frequency band of the operating frequency band, and a plurality of opposite phase vertical currents obtained by coupling the trapezoid grounding plates can greatly increase the width of an E-plane wave beam near the low frequency resonance point.
The balun consists of two narrow bolts, a stepped metal strip, a vertical dielectric substrate, a bent metal strip and two wide bolts, wherein the narrow bolts and the wide bolts are respectively inserted into a dipole and a metal ground, and the stepped metal strip is in conductive connection with the half-wave vibrator and the metal ground. Balun provides differential excitation for the dipole and adjusts the matching, as well as providing structural support for the dipole.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a wideband beam decoupling antenna for a base station according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top-level additional structure of a wideband beam-decoupling antenna for a base station according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dipole structure of a wideband and wide-beam decoupling antenna for a base station according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of balun structure of a wideband beam decoupling antenna for a base station according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a metal ground structure of a wideband beam decoupling antenna for a base station according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing S-parameter simulation results of the present invention with those of the present invention without adding additional structure;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing E-plane H-plane simulated beamwidths of the present invention with those of the present invention without the addition of additional structures;
fig. 8 shows an E-plane H-plane simulation pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) corresponds to 3.6 GHz, (b) corresponds to 4GHz, and (c) corresponds to 4.4 GHz.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a base station-oriented wideband beam decoupling antenna is composed of a top additional structure 1, a dipole 2, a balun 3, a trapezoid grounding plate 4, a metal ground 5 and a strut 6.
In this embodiment, a 1*2 antenna array is provided, as shown in fig. 2, the top-layer additional structure 1 is centrally symmetrical, and is composed of a top-layer dielectric substrate 101, three metal strips 102 and four H-shaped metal strips 103 on the upper surface of the top-layer dielectric substrate 101. Three metal strips 102 are uniformly spaced along a straight line, and four H-shaped metal strips 103 are aligned with two gaps between the metal strips 102 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the metal strips 102. The top layer additional structure 1 is supported on the uppermost part of the whole antenna through four support posts 6 positioned at four corners of the top layer dielectric substrate 101, and the bottom ends of the support posts 6 are connected with the metal ground 5. The distance between the top layer additional structure 1 and the metal ground 5 is between 0.35 lambda 0-0.39λ0, lambda 0 is the free space wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the length of the metal strip 102 is between 0.28 lambda 0-0.32λ0, the length of the left and right arms of the H-shaped metal strip 103 is between 0.14 lambda 0-0.18λ0, and the middle horizontal length is between 0.11 lambda 0-0.15λ0.
As shown in fig. 3, the dipole 2 is composed of a middle dielectric substrate 201, a half-wave vibrator 202, and two square air through holes 203, and is centrally symmetrical as a whole. The half-wave vibrator 202 is located on the lower surface of the middle-layer dielectric substrate 201, two arms of the half-wave vibrator 202 are arranged in a straight line, and two square air through holes 203 are symmetrically located on the two arms of the half-wave vibrator 202 and are close to the center feed position. The two dipoles 2 are horizontally arranged below the top layer additional structure 1, the centers of the two dipoles are respectively opposite to the middle points of gaps between the metal strips 102, and the height between the dipoles 2 and the metal ground 5 is 0.23λ 0-0.25λ0.
As shown in fig. 4, balun 3 is composed of a vertical dielectric substrate 303, a bent metal strip 304, and two stepped metal strips 302. Wherein, as a part of the vertical dielectric substrate 303, two narrow pins 301 are symmetrically formed at the top end of the vertical dielectric substrate 303, and two wide pins 305 are symmetrically formed at the bottom end. The bending metal strip 304 is located on the front surface of the vertical dielectric substrate 303, and the bending metal strip 304 is formed by a vertical portion and a bending portion connected to the top end of the vertical portion. Two stepped metal strips 302 are symmetrically distributed on the opposite side of the vertical dielectric substrate 303 and cover a narrow plug 301 and a wide plug 305, respectively. The area of one of the stepped metal strips 302 covers the vertical portion of the bent metal strip 304, and the bottom end of the vertical portion of the bent metal strip 304 is flush with the bottom end of the wide latch 305.
As shown in fig. 5, the main body of the metal ground 5 is a rectangular metal sheet 501, and two groups of slots for inserting the wide bottom bolt 305 of the balun 3 are formed in the rectangular metal sheet 501. One bit rectangular wide slot 502 in each set of slots. Another is located in a rectangular narrow slot 503, the rectangular wide slot 502 being sized to accommodate a wide latch 305 with a vertical portion of the bent metal strip 304.
As shown in fig. 1, two balun 3 are respectively inserted into two square air through holes 203 of one dipole 2 through two narrow pins 301, and respectively inserted into rectangular wide grooves 502 and rectangular narrow grooves 503 of metal ground 5 through two wide pins 305, so that stepped metal strip 302 is in conductive connection with half-wave vibrator 202 and metal ground 5. The three trapezoid grounding plates 4 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals along the polarization direction (namely, the arrangement direction of the dipole arms), and are respectively positioned at the middle points and at the two sides of the gap between the two dipoles 2. The height of the trapezoid grounding plate 4 is between 0.19 lambda 0-0.23λ0, the width of the upper bottom is between 0.06 lambda 0-0.10λ0, and the width of the lower bottom is between 0.30 lambda 0-0.34λ0.
In the structure, the dipole 2, the balun 3 and the metal ground 5 form an antenna unit main body, and the top additional structure 1 and the three trapezoid grounding plates 4 form an additional structure of the dipole antenna array. The bent metal strip 304 of balun 3 and the vertical dielectric substrate 303 and stepped metal strip 302 form the microstrip feed line of the antenna.
For the wide bandwidth beam decoupling antenna, signals are fed from the microstrip feed line of the balun 3 and coupled to the dipoles 2, and the base station antenna capable of simultaneously meeting the requirements of wide bandwidth beams and wide bandwidth decoupling is realized under the combined action of the dipoles 2 and the additional structure thereof.
In this process, the middle metal strip 102 of the top additional structure 1 can bring new coupling paths for the two dipoles 2, so that high-frequency coupling zero points can be formed by canceling with the original coupling paths, which is helpful for widening the decoupling bandwidth, and on the other hand, the middle metal strip 102 is combined with the metal strips 102 on both sides, which has an oblique traction effect on the E-plane radiation of each dipole 2, so that the E-plane beam width, particularly the E-plane beam width of the high frequency band in the frequency band, can be widened, and a foundation can be provided for broadband beam widening. Meanwhile, the three top-layer metal strips 102 have an adjusting function on the resonant frequency and the matching degree of the antenna, and are beneficial to width matching. The top four H-shaped strips 103 have an oblique traction effect on the H-plane radiation, thereby widening the H-plane beam width to some extent.
The trapezoid grounding plates 4 positioned in the middle can adjust coupling paths on one hand, generate coupling zero points in the low frequency band of the working frequency band, and help to widen the decoupling bandwidth, and on the other hand, couple the trapezoid grounding plates 4 on the two sides with the corresponding dipoles 2 together to form a new resonance mode positioned in the low frequency band of the working frequency band, so that the matching bandwidth is facilitated to be widened. Meanwhile, the trapezoid grounding plate 4 is coupled to obtain opposite-phase vertical currents, the trapezoid surface is favorable for constructing a plurality of vertical currents, the E-plane beam width near the low-frequency resonance point can be greatly increased, and a foundation is provided for broadband beam broadening.
Therefore, under the combined action of the top additional structure 1 and the trapezoid grounding plate 4, the dipole array is beneficial to simultaneously obtaining broadband decoupling, broadband wave beam and broadband matching, and the broadband stability of the in-band wave beam is good. Balun 3 below dipole 2 provides differential excitation for the dipole and adjustable matching as well as structural support for the dipole.
The dielectric substrates used in this example were RO4003C, a dielectric constant of 3.55, and an antenna size of 1.5λ 0 × 1.0λ0 × 0.37λ0. Fig. 6 compares the S-parameter simulation results of the present embodiment with those of the case without additional structure. As can be seen from fig. 6, before adding the additional structure, the matching frequency band of the antenna covers 3.69-5.13 GHz, i.e. the relative bandwidth is 30%, the maximum coupling degree between units in the matching frequency band is-10 dB, after adding the additional structure, the matching frequency band covers 3.28-4.8 and GHz, i.e. the relative bandwidth is widened to 37.6%, the maximum coupling degree is only-22 dB, and the corresponding decoupling bandwidth can reach 40.6%. FIG. 7 compares the E-plane and H-plane beam width simulation results of the present example with those of the case without additional structure, in which the E-plane beam width is between 46 and 73 degrees in the range of 3.8-4.7 GHz and the H-plane beam width is between 85 and 105 degrees, and in which the E-plane beam width is between 100 and 112 degrees in the range of 3.3-4.7 GHz, the H-plane beam width is between 98 and 122 degrees, the visible beam width is remarkably widened, and the E-plane beam stability in the wide frequency band is also improved. Fig. 8 shows simulated patterns at 3.6 GHz, 4 GHz and 4.4 GHz, the half power beam widths of the E plane are 100 °, 103 °, and the half power beam widths of the H plane are 103 °, 110 °, and 119 °, respectively, and the cross polarization levels are low in this embodiment. Compared with the prior art, the invention can synchronously improve the wide beam width bandwidth and the decoupling bandwidth, and can consider the comprehensive working bandwidth, the in-band beam width stability and the structural complexity.
The 1*2 antenna array of this embodiment can be expanded to 1*N structure.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
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| CN202411433214.8A CN119108801B (en) | 2024-10-15 | 2024-10-15 | A wide bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for base stations |
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| CN202411433214.8A CN119108801B (en) | 2024-10-15 | 2024-10-15 | A wide bandwidth beam decoupling antenna for base stations |
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| CN119108801B CN119108801B (en) | 2025-06-10 |
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| CN118117347A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-05-31 | 电子科技大学 | A high-performance tightly coupled array antenna with a compact feeding network |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN119108801B (en) | 2025-06-10 |
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