CN110137672B - Beam scanning antenna array integrating edge-fire and end-fire - Google Patents
Beam scanning antenna array integrating edge-fire and end-fire Download PDFInfo
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- CN110137672B CN110137672B CN201910258631.6A CN201910258631A CN110137672B CN 110137672 B CN110137672 B CN 110137672B CN 201910258631 A CN201910258631 A CN 201910258631A CN 110137672 B CN110137672 B CN 110137672B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses collect limit and penetrate in beam scanning antenna array of an organic whole with end, beam scanning antenna array is N × N's square matrix, and wherein, N is the integer that is greater than or equal to 2, beam scanning antenna array includes the dielectric plate to and evenly arrange millimeter wave dual polarization microstrip antenna element on the dielectric plate, the half-power beam width of millimeter wave dual polarization microstrip antenna element is greater than 90 to, and, the array element interval between each millimeter wave dual polarization microstrip antenna element is 0.25-0.36 lambda0Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum is at the center frequency of the millimeter wave antenna array. The millimeter wave dual-polarized antenna array can integrate edge radiation and end radiation, realizes dual-polarized beam coverage in an upper half plane, and has 20% of working bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a beam scanning antenna array integrating edge radiation and end radiation.
Background
With the rapid progress of mobile communication technology and the rapid popularization of intelligent terminals, the business demands of mobile users and wireless data are increasing explosively. To meet the communication demand, a fifth generation mobile communication system (5G) is expected to operate in the millimeter-wave band, which will present new challenges for the application of antennas to mobile terminals. Millimeter wave technology is one of the key technologies of 5G mobile communication.
Millimeter wave communication belongs to microwave communication, the wavelength range of millimeter waves is 0.1-10 mm, the frequency range is 30-3000 GHz, and the millimeter wave communication has the characteristics of small wave beam, high angular resolution, good concealment, strong interference resistance and the like. The millimeter wave communication system has high code rate, large information amount, small volume and light weight. However, due to absorption and scattering effects of gas molecules, water condensate, suspended dust and the like in the atmosphere, path loss of electromagnetic waves is serious, and further, the transmission distance of signals is reduced, and the influence is particularly prominent in a millimeter wave frequency band.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a beam scanning antenna array integrating edge-fire and end-fire, which can integrate the edge-fire and end-fire antennas and realize wide-range beam coverage.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a beam scanning antenna array is provided, a substrate, and N × N millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements on the substrate, where the number of rows and columns of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements are N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the half-power beam width of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements is greater than or equal to 90 °, and the array element spacing between each millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element is 0.25-0.36 λ0Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0When the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit works at the central frequency, the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is increased.
Therefore, under the condition of ensuring the gain and isolation requirements of the beam scanning antenna array in the edge-firing direction, the gain of the beam scanning antenna array in the end-firing direction is improved, so that the beam scanning antenna array integrates edge-firing and end-firing, and the wide-range beam coverage is realized.
In an alternative implementation, the beam scanning antenna array is a 3 × 3 square array.
In an alternative implementation, the side length of the beam scanning antenna array is 1.22 λ0Thickness of 0.09 λ0。
The specific size of the antenna array is only one specific implementation manner of the present application, and the present application does not limit this.
In an optional implementation manner, the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units are uniformly arranged on the substrate.
Therefore, the beam scanning antenna array can uniformly radiate electromagnetic waves outwards.
In an optional implementation manner, the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit operates in a millimeter wave frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz, and a center frequency of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is 26.875 GHz.
In an optional implementation manner, the input impedance of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is 50 Ω.
The specific parameters of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit are only a specific implementation manner of the present application, and the present application does not limit the specific parameters.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided a beam scanning antenna array, including: the antenna comprises a substrate and 8 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units arranged on the substrate in a square shape, wherein each side of the square is provided with 3 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, the half-power beam width of each millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is larger than or equal to 90 degrees, and the array element spacing between the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is 0.25-0.36 lambda0Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0When the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit works at the central frequency, the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is increased.
The arrangement mode of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is not limited in the embodiment of the application, and the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit can be adjusted by a person skilled in the art as required, and the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit belong to the protection scope of the application.
In an optional implementation manner, the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit includes: the antenna comprises a radiation unit and a feed unit which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein the radiation unit is coupled with the feed unit; the radiating unit comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate respectively comprise a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other; the feed unit comprises a third dielectric plate, a first ground plate is arranged on the first surface of the third dielectric plate, the first ground plate is arranged adjacent to the second surface of the second dielectric plate, a feed line is arranged on the second surface of the third dielectric plate, a gap is arranged on the first ground plate, the gap and the feed line are arranged oppositely, and the feed line is coupled with the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch through the gap.
Thus, the operating band of the antenna is widened by providing a plurality of radiation patches.
In an alternative implementation, the feeding unit further includes: and a fourth dielectric plate, wherein the first surface of the fourth dielectric plate is adjacent to the feeder line, a second ground plate is arranged on the second surface of the fourth dielectric plate, and the first ground plate is opposite to the second ground plate.
Thereby, it is possible to connect with the chip through the second ground plate, thereby integrating the millimeter wave antenna on the chip, and it is also possible to prevent radio frequency energy from leaking from the second ground plate of the millimeter wave antenna.
In an optional implementation manner, the second ground plate is provided with 2 signal input ports, the feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, the first feed line is connected to one signal input port through a first probe, the second feed line is connected to another signal input port through a second probe, the slot includes a first slot opposite to the first feed line and a second slot opposite to the second feed line, the first slot and the second slot are separately disposed, the first feed line is configured to feed the first slot, and the second feed line is configured to feed the second slot.
Therefore, the first gap and the second gap are arranged in a separated mode, the isolation degree of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is improved, and the polarization performance of the antenna is improved.
In an optional implementation manner, a metal side wall is disposed between the first ground plate and the second ground plate, the first ground plate, the second ground plate, and the metal side wall enclose an enclosed space, and the feeder line is located in the enclosed space.
Therefore, the radio frequency energy can be prevented from leaking to the outside on the dielectric plate, the directional diagram can be prevented from being distorted due to energy leakage, and the radiation performance of the millimeter wave antenna is improved.
In an alternative implementation, the extending direction of the first slit is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second slit; the extending direction of a first projection of the first feed line on the first ground plate is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first gap, and the first gap is symmetrically arranged along the extending direction of the first projection; the extending direction of a second projection of the second feed line on the first ground plate is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second gap, and the second gap is symmetrically arranged along the extending direction of the second projection.
Therefore, the first gap and the second gap are symmetrically arranged along the extension direction of the first projection, so that the first feeder line can uniformly transfer energy to the first gap, and the second feeder line can uniformly transfer energy to the second gap.
In an optional implementation manner, the first slit and the second slit are in an i-shaped structure, wherein an extension direction of an i of the i-shaped structure is an extension direction of the first slit and the second slit.
Therefore, the first gap and the second gap are arranged to be of the I-shaped structure with the bending structure, the length and the width of the first gap and the second gap can be reduced, and the isolation requirement of the dual-polarized millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is met.
In an alternative implementation manner, the first slit and the second slit are in a "U" shape, wherein an extending direction of a bottom side of the "U" shape is an extending direction of the first slit and the second slit.
Therefore, the first gap and the second gap are set to be in the U-shaped structure with the bent structure, the length and the width of the first gap and the second gap can be reduced, and the isolation requirement of the dual-polarized millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is met.
In an alternative implementation, the first and second radiating patches are square patches, wherein a side length of the first radiating patch is less than or equal to 0.28 λ0。
The specific shape and size of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch are only a specific implementation manner of the present application, and the present application does not limit this.
These and other aspects of the present application will be more readily apparent from the following description of the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element of fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element of fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slot structure of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a slot structure of another millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a top view of a beam scanning antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a top view of another beam scanning antenna array provided in the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a graph of end-fire gain as a function of array element spacing according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a graph of edge-fire gain as a function of array element spacing according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a graph of isolation as a function of array element spacing as provided by an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Further, in the present application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined with respect to a schematically-disposed orientation of components in the drawings, and it is to be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts that are used for descriptive and clarity purposes and that will vary accordingly with respect to the orientation in which the components are disposed in the drawings.
The path loss of electromagnetic waves of the existing millimeter wave antenna array is serious, and one solution in the prior art is to increase the gain by increasing the antenna aperture, such as by using an array antenna, but the beam width is compressed, and the beam coverage is reduced. Therefore, in order to apply the millimeter wave to the 5G terminal, the terminal antenna needs to have a wider beam coverage to overcome the spatial attenuation while obtaining a high benefit.
The array element spacing of the existing beam scanning antenna array is generally larger than 0.5 lambda0In order to obtain the beam coverage of edge-fire and end-fire, it is necessary to design an edge-fire antenna and an end-fire antenna separately, and integrate the edge-fire antenna and the end-fire antenna into an antenna system, which increases the complexity and size of the antenna system.
Therefore, the application provides a beam scanning antenna array integrating edge emission and end emission, which is a square array of N × N, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the beam scanning antenna array integrating edge emission and end emission comprises a substrate and millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units uniformly arranged on the substrate, and the number of rows and columns of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units are both N.
The half-power beam width of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is larger than 90 degrees, and the array element spacing between the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is 0.25-0.36 lambda0. Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0The wavelength of the electromagnetic waves in vacuum is under the working central frequency of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit.
Next, in order to facilitate understanding of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application, the following description is provided for an existing millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with reference to fig. 1 as follows:
fig. 1 is an exploded view of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element in the prior art. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the millimeter-wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element of fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit comprises a plurality of layers stacked from top to bottom: the antenna comprises a first dielectric plate 100 and a second dielectric plate 200, wherein the first dielectric plate 100 and the second dielectric plate 200 respectively comprise a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other, a radiation patch 1001 is arranged on the first surface of the first dielectric plate, a ground plate 2001 is arranged on the first surface of the second dielectric plate 200, the first ground plate 2001 is arranged adjacent to the second surface of the first dielectric plate, a feeder 2003 is arranged on the second surface of the second dielectric plate, a gap 2002 is arranged on the ground plate, and the feeder 2003 is arranged opposite to the gap 2002.
The bandwidth of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is mainly related to the dielectric constants of the first dielectric plate 100 and the second dielectric plate 200, the thickness of the first dielectric plate 100, the feeding mode of the microstrip antenna and the like. The bandwidth of the microstrip antenna can be changed by adjusting the materials of the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate, the structure of the first dielectric plate, the feeding mode of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit and the like.
The larger the dielectric constants of the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are, the narrower the working bandwidth is.
The thicker the thickness of the first dielectric plate is, the wider the antenna bandwidth is.
The feed mode of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit comprises the following steps: the slot coupling type antenna has a wide bandwidth, and the slot coupling type antenna is a direct feeding type antenna or a probe-fed type antenna.
In the microstrip antenna, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate have a loss tangent angle of 0.009 and a relative dielectric constant εr3.0. The thickness h of the first dielectric plate is 0.762mm, and the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is a slot coupling antenna.
The microstrip antenna works at 26-28GHz, and the relative bandwidth ffoc of the microstrip antenna meets the following formula:
ffoc ═ 2(fH-fL)/(fH + fL) (formula 1)
Where fH is the upper frequency limit and fL is the lower frequency limit.
By substituting fH-29.5 and fL-26.5 into equation 1, it can be concluded that the relative bandwidth ffoc of the microstrip antenna is 10.7%.
It can be seen that the bandwidth of the existing millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is narrow, and the requirement cannot be better met.
In order to widen the operating frequency band of the antenna, the embodiment of the application provides an improved millimeter wave dual-polarization microstrip antenna unit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the millimeter-wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit 3 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes, for example: the antenna comprises a radiation unit 1 and a feed unit 2 which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein the radiation unit 1 is coupled with the feed unit 2.
The radiation unit 1 comprises 2 or more than 2 layers of dielectric slabs, each layer of dielectric slab comprises a first surface and a second surface which are oppositely arranged, the first surface of each layer of dielectric slab is provided with radiation patches, and the radiation patches are oppositely arranged. The radiation patches are the main radiators of the antenna, and play a role of radiating energy, and increasing the number of the radiation patches is beneficial to widening the operating band of the antenna.
Fig. 3 and 4 show a case where the radiation element includes 2 dielectric plates and the number of radiation patches is 2. The specific number of the radiation patches is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can select an appropriate number of radiation patches according to the needs, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the radiation unit 1 includes a first dielectric plate 10 and a second dielectric plate 20 stacked from top to bottom in sequence, the first dielectric plate 10 and the second dielectric plate 20 both include a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the second surface of the first dielectric plate 10 is adjacent to the first surface of the second dielectric plate 20, wherein a first radiation patch 101 is disposed on the first surface of the first dielectric plate 10, a second radiation patch 201 is disposed on the first surface of the second dielectric plate 20, and the first radiation patch 101 is opposite to the second radiation patch 201.
The feeding unit 2 includes a third dielectric plate 30, the third dielectric plate 30 includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, a first ground plate 301 is disposed on the first surface of the third dielectric plate 30, the first ground plate 301 is disposed adjacent to the second surface of the second dielectric plate 20, a feeding line 400 is disposed on the second surface of the third dielectric plate 30, a slot 300 is disposed on the first ground plate 301, the slot 300 is disposed opposite to the feeding line 400, and the feeding line 400 is coupled to the first radiation patch 101 and the second radiation patch 201 through the slot 300.
In the microstrip antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the loss tangent angle of the first dielectric plate 10 and the second dielectric plate 20 is 0.009, and the relative dielectric constant ∈ r is 3.0. The thickness h of the first dielectric sheet 10 is 0.762 mm.
After a radiating patch is added, the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is widened to 24.25-29.5GHz, and more 5G frequency bands can be covered.
By substituting fH and fL in 29.5 and fL in 24.25, respectively, into equation 1, it can be concluded that the relative bandwidth ffoc of the microstrip antenna is approximately 19.5%.
In addition, the more the radiation patches, the wider the bandwidth, but the increase of the number of the radiation patches will increase the difficulty of antenna impedance matching, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna will become narrow, and therefore, the application preferably adopts 2 layers of radiation patches.
The millimeter wave dual-polarization microstrip antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the application widens the working frequency band of the antenna by arranging the plurality of radiation patches.
Specifically, when the feeding line 400 is provided, the feeding line 400 may be directly connected to the signal input port, for example, so as to receive the rf energy from the signal port, and transmit the rf energy to the position of the slot 300 of the first ground plate 301 through the third dielectric plate 30, and feed the first radiation patch 101 and the second radiation patch 201 through the slot 300 provided on the first ground plate 301. Wherein the feed line 400 may be printed on the second surface of the third dielectric board 30, for example.
The millimeter wave antenna includes, for example, a front surface and a back surface. The side of the millimeter wave antenna on which the radiation patch is provided is, for example, the front side, and the side of the millimeter wave antenna on which the feed line 400 is provided is, for example, the back side. The rear side of the millimeter wave antenna is integrated with a chip, for example. However, the feed line 400 provided on the rear surface of the millimeter wave antenna cannot be directly connected to the chip.
In order to facilitate integration of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit and the chip, a fourth dielectric plate 40 may be disposed on a side of the second surface of the feeder 400 away from the third dielectric plate 30, and the fourth dielectric plate 40 may be made of the same material as the first dielectric plate 10, the second dielectric plate 20, and the third dielectric plate 30. Referring next to fig. 3, as shown in fig. 3, the fourth dielectric plate 40 includes, for example, first and second opposing surfaces. A first surface of the fourth dielectric board 40 is, for example, opposite to a second surface of the third dielectric board 30, and a side of the feeder 400 away from the second surface of the third dielectric board 30 may, for example, be fixed to the first surface of the fourth dielectric board 40.
In addition, in order to further facilitate the integration of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit on a chip, the feed unit further includes: a second ground plate 405, the second ground plate 405 being disposed opposite to the first ground plate 301, for example, and the second ground plate 405 being fixed to the second surface of the fourth dielectric plate 40.
Specifically, when the second ground plate 405 is disposed, the second ground plate 405 further includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, for example, the first surface of the second ground plate 405 may be disposed adjacent to the second surface of the fourth dielectric plate 40, and the second surface of the second ground plate 405 may be connected to a chip. So that the millimeter wave antenna can be integrated on a chip through the second ground plate 405.
The first ground plate 301 and the second ground plate 405 are made of, for example, a metal material, and when the rf energy is transmitted to the first ground plate 301, the first ground plate 301 can enable the rf energy to be radiated to the front surface of the millimeter wave antenna only through the slot. The second ground plate 405 may also prevent, for example, radio frequency energy from leaking out of the bottom surface of the millimeter wave antenna.
In addition, in order to further prevent the radio frequency energy from leaking, a metal side wall 304 may be further disposed between the first ground plate 301 and the second ground plate 405, the first ground plate 301, the second ground plate 405, and the metal side wall 304 jointly enclose a closed space, and the feeder 400 is located in the closed space, so that the radio frequency energy in the feeder can only radiate through the front surface of the slot millimeter wave antenna disposed on the first ground plate 301, thereby avoiding the radio frequency energy from leaking in other directions, and thus preventing the energy from leaking in other directions to cause distortion of a directional pattern, and improving the radiation performance of the millimeter wave antenna.
The millimeter-wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit may be, for example, a dual-polarized antenna, and the second ground plate 405 is provided with, for example, two signal input ports: a vertically polarized signal input port that can input a vertically polarized signal to the feeder line, and a horizontally polarized signal input port that can input a horizontally polarized signal to the feeder line, for example.
Specifically, when the feed line 400 is provided, the feed line 400 includes, for example, a first feed line 401 and a second feed line 402, the first feed line 401 is connected to the vertically polarized signal input port through a first probe 403, and the other end is a free end, the second feed line 402 is connected to the horizontally polarized signal input port through a second probe 404, and the other end is a free end.
In order to avoid mutual interference between the two signals, the slot 300 disposed on the first ground plate 301 may be divided into a first slot 302 and a second slot 303, and the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 may be disposed separately from each other.
Specifically, when the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 are disposed, the extending direction of the first slot 302 may be perpendicular to the extending direction of the second slot 303, as shown in fig. 3, for example, the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 may be disposed on the first ground plane 301 in "-" shape and "|", respectively, and the "-" shape and "|", are separated from each other, which is beneficial to improving the isolation of the dual-polarized millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit.
The first slot 302 is disposed opposite to the first feeding line 401, the second slot 303 is disposed opposite to the second feeding line 402, the first feeding line 401 is used for feeding power to the first slot 302, and the second feeding line 402 is used for feeding power to the second slot 303.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slot structure of a millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a slot structure of another millimeter-wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided in the embodiment of the present application. Wherein, the first slot 302 is disposed opposite to the first feeding line 401, which means that a first projection 406 of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plate 301 intersects with the first slot 302, and the second slot 303 is disposed opposite to the second feeding line 402, which means that a second projection 407 of the second feeding line 402 on the first ground plate 301 intersects with the second slot 303.
The first feed line 401 and the second feed line 402 are, for example, "L" shaped, and the first feed line 401 and the second feed line 402 respectively feed the slot disposed on the first ground plate 301 through an "|" portion of "L" or an "_" portion of "L". What is shown in fig. 3 is that the first feed line 401 feeds the first slot 302 through an "|" part of "L", and the second feed line 402 feeds the second slot 303 through a "_" part of "L", the first projection referring to a projection of the "|" part of the "L" shaped structure of the first feed line 401 onto the first ground plane 301, the second projection referring to a projection of the "_" part of the "L" shaped structure of the second feed line 402 onto the first ground plane 301.
In order to make the rf energy passing through the first feed line 401 and the second feed line 402 uniformly transferred to the first slot 302 and the second slot 303, respectively, the first slot 302 may be symmetrically disposed along the first feed line 401, and the second slot 303 may be symmetrically disposed along the second feed line 402.
Specifically, when the first feeding line 401 is disposed, an extending direction of a first projection 406 of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plate 301 is perpendicular to an extending direction of the first slot 302, and the first slot 302 is symmetrically disposed along the extending direction of the first projection 406. And the extending direction of the second projection 407 of the second feeding line 402 on the first ground plate 301 should be perpendicular to the extending direction of the second slot 303, and the second slot 303 is symmetrically arranged along the extending direction of the second projection 407.
According to the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the application, the first slot 302 is symmetrically arranged along the first projection 406, and the second slot 303 is symmetrically arranged along the second projection 407, so that the radio frequency energy is favorably and uniformly transferred to the slots through the first feeder 401 and the second feeder 402 respectively, and impedance mismatch caused by uneven radio frequency energy transfer is avoided.
In addition, because the frequency band of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is widened to 24.25-29.5GHz, in order to meet the bandwidth design, the lengths of the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 need to be increased, the slots of the existing millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit are in a linear structure such as a rectangle, if the lengths of the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 are directly increased, the first slot 302 and the second slot 303 can be communicated, and the isolation of the dual-polarized millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is affected.
To further improve the isolation between the first slit 302 and the second slit 303, the first slit 302 and the second slit 303 may be configured to have a bent structure.
Referring to fig. 5, in an implementation manner of the present application, the first slit 302 and the second slit 303 are both "i" shaped structures, for example, wherein an extending direction of an i "of the" i "shape is an extending direction of the first slit 302 and the second slit 303.
A first projection 406 of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plane 301 is a projection of an i-portion of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plane 301, the i-portion of the i-shape of the first slot 302 is perpendicular to the first projection 406, and the first slots 302 are symmetrically arranged along an extension direction of the first projection 406.
A second projection 407 of the second feed 402 onto the first ground plate 301 is a projection of the "_" portion of the second feed 402 onto the first ground plate 301. The i portion of the second slit 303 is perpendicular to the second projection 407, and the second slit 303 is symmetrically disposed along the extending direction of the second projection 407.
Referring to fig. 6, in another implementation manner of the present application, the first slit 302 and the second slit 303 are both of a "U" shape structure, for example, wherein an extending direction of a bottom side of the "U" is an extending direction of the first slit 302 and the second slit 303.
A first projection 406 of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plane 301 is a projection of an "|" portion of the first feeding line 401 on the first ground plane 301, a bottom side of the "U" shape of the first slot 302 is perpendicular to the first projection 406, and the first slot 302 is symmetrically arranged along an extension direction of the first projection 406.
A second projection 407 of the second feed 402 onto the first ground plate 301 is a projection of the "_" portion of the second feed 402 onto the first ground plate 301. The second slit 303 may be, for example, "U" shaped after being rotated 90 ° to the left or right, and the second slit 303 is arranged "_" symmetrically along the second projection 407.
The millimeter wave dual-polarization microstrip antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the application sets the first gap and the second gap into the shape with the bending structure, can reduce the length and the width of the gap, avoids the communication caused by the overlong first gap and the overlong second gap, and meets the isolation requirement of the dual-polarization millimeter wave dual-polarization microstrip antenna unit.
Next, a beam scanning antenna array integrating edge-fire and end-fire according to the present application is described by taking the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit with the above structure as an example, and fig. 7 is a top view of the beam scanning antenna array provided in the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the antenna array includes a substrate 50. First, the directivity of a single antenna is limited, and two or more than two single antennas operating at the same frequency may be fed and spatially arranged according to a certain rule to form an antenna array for various applications.
If the radiation direction of the antenna array is perpendicular to the plane of the antenna array, the radiation direction is called edge-fire, the antenna array is an edge-fire antenna array, and if the maximum radiation direction of the antenna array is along the plane of the antenna array, the radiation direction is called end-fire, and the antenna array is an end-fire antenna array.
The antenna array may be, for example, a square array of N × N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
Fig. 7 shows a 3 × 3 square array, which is only one implementation manner of the present application, and is not limited to this application, fig. 8 is a top view of another beam scanning antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 8, in another embodiment of the present application, the beam scanning antenna array includes, for example, 8 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements, and the 8 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements are arranged on the substrate in a square shape, where 3 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements are provided on each side of the square shape.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum radiation direction of the beam scanning antenna array faces to the upper side of the substrate 50, and the maximum radiation direction is perpendicular to the plane of the beam scanning antenna array, so that the beam scanning antenna array is an edge-emitting antenna array.
The antenna array with the structure has small gain in the end-fire direction, and the gain of the antenna array in the end-fire direction and the gain in the side-fire direction can be influenced by the change of the array element spacing D of the antenna and the half-power lobe width of the antenna unit, wherein the array element spacing D refers to the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, and referring to fig. 7, the adjacent means in the embodiment of the application are adjacent left and right and adjacent up and down. With the unit λ0Wherein λ is0The wavelength of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is under the central frequency of the millimeter wave antenna array.
λ0Satisfying the formula shown below:
λ0either V/f (equation 2)
Wherein V is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in vacuum, V ≈ 300000km/s, and f is the central frequency of the millimeter wave antenna, and the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is taken as an example for simulation. The millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit works in a millimeter wave frequency band of 24.25-29.5GHz, and f is 26.875 GHz.
By substituting V300000 km/s and f 26.875GHz into equation 2, λ can be obtained0≈11.16mm。
The half power lobe width of the antenna element, which is related to the size of the first radiating patch, should be larger than 90 °, for example, to be able to meet the radiation requirements of a beam scanning antenna array. When the antenna array is designed, the first radiation patch may be designed to be square, for example, and the side length of the first radiation patch should be less than or equal to 0.28 λ0The side length of the first radiation patch may be set to 0.23 lambda, for example0The input impedance of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit is 50 omega. The substrate may be made of the same material as the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit, the dielectric constant of the substrate is 3, for example, and the side length of the substrate may be set to 1.22 λ0The thickness is set to 0.09 λ, for example0。
The specific parameters of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit and the beam scanning antenna array are only a specific implementation manner of the present application, and the present application does not limit the specific parameters.
Then, the gains and the isolation of the antenna array with the structure in the end-fire direction and the side-fire direction are simulated, and the following results are obtained:
fig. 9 is a simulation graph of the variation of the end-fire gain with the array element spacing according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 9, the abscissa of the graph is the array element pitch D of the antenna array, and the ordinate is the gain of the antenna array in the end-fire direction, in dBi. The gain of the antenna array in the end-fire direction is reduced along with the increase of the array element distance D. As shown by point a in fig. 9, when D is 0.36 λ0And meanwhile, the gain of the antenna array in the end-fire direction is 4dBi, and at the moment, the antenna can realize dual-polarized beam coverage in the end-fire direction of 360 degrees, so that the use requirement of a user in the end-fire direction can be met.
In order to obtain a larger gain of the antenna array in the end-fire direction, for example, the array element spacing D may be reduced, but too small an array element spacing D may affect the gain of the antenna array in the side-fire direction and the isolation between the array elements.
Fig. 10 is a simulation graph of edge-emitting gain varying with array element spacing according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the gain of the antenna array in the broadside direction increases with the increase of the array element spacing D. As shown by point B in fig. 10, when D is 0.25 λ0And meanwhile, the gain of the antenna array in the edge launching direction is larger than 9dBi, and at the moment, the antenna can realize dual-polarized beam coverage in the edge launching direction, so that the use requirement of a user in the edge launching direction can be met.
Fig. 11 is a simulation graph of the isolation degree varying with the array element spacing according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 11, the isolation effect is worse as the array element pitch is smaller and the isolation is lower, and as shown by a point C in fig. 11, when D is 0.25 λ0Meanwhile, the isolation between the array elements is 7dB, but if the array element spacing is continuously reduced, the isolation is reduced to below 7dB, which causes energy loss and affects the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.
In summary, the array elements can be spacedD is set to 0.25-0.36 lambda0. In this case, the antenna array can obtain a gain of 9dBi or more in the broadside direction, and the broadside gain of the broadside antenna array is ensured. Meanwhile, gain of more than 4dBi can be obtained in the end-fire direction, and the isolation between array elements reaches more than 7 dB. Therefore, the gain of the antenna in the end-fire direction is improved while the edge-fire performance of the antenna array is ensured and the requirement of the isolation degree between the array elements is met, so that the antenna array can integrate edge-fire and end-fire, the +/-55-degree wave beam scanning in the edge-fire direction can be realized, and meanwhile, the dual-polarized wave beam coverage can be realized in the 360-degree direction of end-fire due to the fact that the array elements of the antenna array are dual-polarized millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units.
According to the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application, the beam coverage range is enlarged and the performance of the antenna array is improved by adjusting the array element spacing.
The above is only an embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure should be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (17)
1. A beam scanning antenna array integrating edge radiation and end radiation is characterized by comprising a substrate and N × millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units arranged on the substrate, wherein the number of rows and the number of columns of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units are both N, N is an integer larger than or equal to 2, the half-power beam width of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is larger than or equal to 90 degrees, and the array element spacing between the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is 0.25-0.36 lambda0Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0When the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit works at the central frequency, the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is increased;
the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit comprises: the antenna comprises a radiation unit and a feed unit which are stacked, wherein the radiation unit is coupled with the feed unit, the radiation unit which is stacked comprises a plurality of layers of dielectric plates, each layer of dielectric plate in the plurality of layers of dielectric plates comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, and a radiation patch is arranged on the first surface of each layer of dielectric plate in the plurality of layers of dielectric plates; the feed unit is used for feeding the radiation patch.
2. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 1, wherein the beam scanning antenna array is a 3 × 3 square array.
3. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a dielectric constant of 3 and a side length of 1.22 λ0Thickness of 0.09 λ0。
4. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements are uniformly arranged on the substrate.
5. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements operate in a 24.25-29.5GHz millimeter wave frequency band, and the center frequency of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna elements is 26.875 GHz.
6. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 1, wherein the input impedance of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna element is 50 Ω.
7. A beam scanning antenna array integrating edge-fire and end-fire, comprising: the antenna comprises a substrate and 8 millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units arranged on the substrate in a square shape, wherein each edge of the square is provided with 3 millimeter wavesThe half-power beam width of the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is larger than or equal to 90 degrees, and the array element spacing between the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units is 0.25-0.36 lambda0Wherein, the array element interval is the distance between the centers of the adjacent millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna units, lambda0When the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit works at the central frequency, the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is increased;
the millimeter wave dual-polarized microstrip antenna unit comprises: the antenna comprises a radiation unit and a feed unit which are stacked, wherein the radiation unit is coupled with the feed unit, the radiation unit which is stacked comprises a plurality of layers of dielectric plates, each layer of dielectric plate in the plurality of layers of dielectric plates comprises a first surface and a second surface which are opposite, and a radiation patch is arranged on the first surface of each layer of dielectric plate in the plurality of layers of dielectric plates; the feed unit is used for feeding the radiation patch.
8. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the radiation unit comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, which are stacked, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate respectively comprise a first surface and a second surface, which are opposite to each other, the first surface of the first dielectric plate is provided with a first radiation patch, the first surface of the second dielectric plate and the second surface of the first dielectric plate are adjacently disposed, and the first surface of the second dielectric plate is provided with a second radiation patch.
9. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 8, wherein the feeding unit comprises a third dielectric slab, a first ground plate is disposed on a first surface of the third dielectric slab, the first ground plate is disposed adjacent to a second surface of the second dielectric slab, a feeding line is disposed on a second surface of the third dielectric slab, a slot is disposed on the first ground plate, the slot is disposed opposite to the feeding line, and the feeding line is coupled to the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch through the slot.
10. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 9, wherein the feed unit further comprises: and a fourth dielectric plate, wherein the first surface of the fourth dielectric plate is adjacent to the feeder line, a second ground plate is arranged on the second surface of the fourth dielectric plate, and the first ground plate is opposite to the second ground plate.
11. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 10, wherein a metal sidewall is disposed between the first ground plate and the second ground plate, the first ground plate, the second ground plate and the metal sidewall enclose an enclosed space, and the feed line is located in the enclosed space.
12. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 10, it is characterized in that the second grounding plate is provided with a vertical polarization signal input port and a horizontal polarization signal input port, the feed lines include a first feed line and a second feed line, the first feed line is connected with the vertically polarized signal input port or the horizontally polarized signal input port through a first probe, the second feed line is connected to the vertically polarized signal input port or the horizontally polarized signal input port through a second probe, the slots include a first slot opposite the first feed line and a second slot opposite the second feed line, the first slot and the second slot are separately arranged, the first feeder is used for feeding to the first slot, and the second feeder is used for feeding to the second slot.
13. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 12, wherein the extension direction of the first slot is perpendicular to the extension direction of the second slot;
the extending direction of a first projection of the first feed line on the first ground plate is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first gap, and the first gap is symmetrically arranged along the extending direction of the first projection;
the extending direction of a second projection of the second feed line on the first ground plate is perpendicular to the extending direction of the second gap, and the second gap is symmetrically arranged along the extending direction of the second projection.
14. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 13, wherein the first slot and the second slot are in an i-shaped structure, and wherein an extension direction of the i of the i-shaped structure is an extension direction of the first slot and the second slot.
15. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 13, wherein the first slot and the second slot are of a "U" shape, and wherein the extending direction of the bottom side of the "U" shape is the extending direction of the first slot and the second slot.
16. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of claim 8, wherein the first and second radiating patches are square patches, wherein a side length of the first radiating patch is less than or equal to 0.28 λ0。
17. The edge-fire and end-fire integrated beam scanning antenna array of any one of claims 9-15, wherein the first and second radiating patches are square patches, wherein a side length of the first radiating patch is less than or equal to 0.28 λ0。
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