CN105846062A - Dual-frequency gate slot ground capacitor loading stepped-impedance slot antenna - Google Patents
Dual-frequency gate slot ground capacitor loading stepped-impedance slot antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线涉及一种缝隙天线，该天线包括介质基板(1)、介质基板(1)上的金属地(2)和辐射槽缝(3)、微带馈线(4)；金属地(2)上有辐射槽缝(3)和多条平行的栅缝(6)；辐射槽缝(3)的两端短路；在辐射槽缝(3)中部有数个电容(7)并联跨接在辐射槽缝(3)边缘形成低阻槽缝(8)；辐射槽缝(3)其余部分是高阻槽缝(9)，微带馈线(4)一端是天线端口(10)，微带馈线(4)另一端开路跨过高阻槽缝(9)在边缘(11)通过短路针(12)与金属地(2)连接。该天线是多频带工作，可减少天线尺寸、交叉极化、遮挡和改善隔离。
A slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitively loaded step impedance relates to a slot antenna, which includes a dielectric substrate (1), a metal ground (2) on the dielectric substrate (1), a radiation slot (3), a micro With a feeder (4); there are radiation slots (3) and multiple parallel grid slots (6) on the metal ground (2); the two ends of the radiation slots (3) are short-circuited; there are several in the middle of the radiation slots (3). A capacitor (7) is connected in parallel across the edge of the radiation slot (3) to form a low-resistance slot (8); the rest of the radiation slot (3) is a high-resistance slot (9), and one end of the microstrip feeder (4) is The antenna port (10), the other end of the microstrip feeder (4) is open-circuited across the high-resistance slot (9) and connected to the metal ground (2) through the short-circuit pin (12) at the edge (11). The antenna is multi-band operation which reduces antenna size, cross polarization, shadowing and improves isolation.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种槽缝天线，尤其是一种双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线。The invention relates to a slot antenna, in particular to a slot antenna with step impedance loaded by capacitance of a dual-frequency grid slot.
背景技术Background technique
槽缝天线是振子天线的对偶天线，有着广泛的应用。但是，普通的槽缝天线不仅辐射槽缝本身的长度要有二分之一波长，而且辐射槽缝周围还需要较大的金属地面积，通常金属地的长度比槽缝的长度大二分之一波长，金属地的宽度比槽缝的宽度大二分之一波长。较大的金属地会使得槽缝天线不适合多输入多输出(MIMO)应用，导致天线的交叉极化变差，这些都将导致频谱效率和信道容量的下降。同时槽缝的阻抗很大，还使得槽缝天线馈电传输线的阻抗匹配比较困难。同时现代通信的发展还要求天线可以多频带工作、并且两个频带可以分别调节。The slot antenna is the dual antenna of the dipole antenna and has a wide range of applications. However, the ordinary slot antenna not only needs half the wavelength of the radiation slot itself, but also needs a large metal ground area around the radiation slot, usually the length of the metal ground is 1/2 larger than the length of the slot One wavelength, the width of the metal ground is one-half wavelength larger than the width of the slot. A larger metal ground will make the slot antenna unsuitable for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications, resulting in poor cross-polarization of the antenna, which will lead to a decrease in spectral efficiency and channel capacity. At the same time, the impedance of the slot is very large, which also makes it difficult to match the impedance of the slot antenna feeding transmission line. At the same time, the development of modern communication also requires that the antenna can work in multiple frequency bands, and the two frequency bands can be adjusted separately.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题:本发明的目的是提出一种双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线，该天线不仅可以有多个工作频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节；该天线可以减小辐射槽缝的长度和金属地的面积，而且具有抑制交叉极化的作用。Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to propose a kind of slot antenna of dual-frequency grating seam ground capacitance loading step impedance, and this antenna not only can have a plurality of working frequency bands, and a plurality of frequency bands can be adjusted separately; This antenna can reduce radiation The length of the slot and the area of the metal ground also have the effect of suppressing cross polarization.
技术方案：本发明的双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线包括介质基板、设置在介质基板上的金属地和辐射槽缝、微带馈线；介质基板的一面是金属地，介质基板的另一面是微带馈线的导带；金属地上有辐射槽缝，辐射槽缝的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝位于金属地的中心；金属地上多条平行栅缝构成的栅缝阵列，栅缝的形状是矩形，栅缝位于辐射槽缝的四周，栅缝与辐射槽缝相互垂直；栅缝的一端短路；栅缝的另一端开路，位于介质基板的边缘；辐射槽缝的两端短路；在辐射槽缝中间部分，有数个电容并联跨接在辐射槽缝的两个边缘，使得辐射槽缝中间部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝；辐射槽缝的其余部分是高阻槽缝，高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属地也是所述的微带馈线的接地面，微带馈线的一端是天线的端口，微带馈线的导带的另一端跨过高阻槽缝，在高阻槽缝的边缘，通过短路针与金属地连接。Technical solution: The slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitively loaded step impedance of the present invention includes a dielectric substrate, a metal ground and a radiation slot arranged on the dielectric substrate, and a microstrip feeder line; one side of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground, and the dielectric The other side of the substrate is the conduction band of the microstrip feeder; there are radiation slots on the metal ground. The shape of the slot is rectangular, the grid slot is located around the radiation slot, and the grid slot and the radiation slot are perpendicular to each other; one end of the grid slot is short-circuited; the other end of the grid slot is open and located on the edge of the dielectric substrate; the two ends of the radiation slot are short-circuited ; In the middle part of the radiation slot, several capacitors are connected in parallel across the two edges of the radiation slot, so that the characteristic impedance of the middle part of the radiation slot becomes lower, forming a low-resistance slot; the rest of the radiation slot is a high-resistance Slots, high-resistance slots and low-resistance slots together form step impedance radiation slots, producing a low-frequency operating frequency band with a lower frequency and a high-frequency operating frequency band with a higher frequency; the metal ground is also the microstrip feeder One end of the microstrip feeder is the port of the antenna, and the other end of the conduction band of the microstrip feeder crosses the high-resistance slot, and at the edge of the high-resistance slot, it is connected to the metal ground through a short-circuit pin.
改变介质基板的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, permeability and permittivity of the dielectric substrate can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot and the low-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the antenna's low-frequency working frequency band. frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变低阻槽缝的长度、低阻槽缝在辐射槽缝中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot and the position of the low-resistance slot in the radiation slot, the electrical length of the radiation slot can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of miniaturization of the antenna, and the working frequency and The operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变栅缝阵列中相邻栅缝的间距、栅缝的宽度、栅缝短路端离辐射槽缝的距离，可以改变天线的工作频率、工作频带的宽度和辐射槽缝的电长度。Changing the spacing between adjacent grid slots in the grid slot array, the width of the grid slots, and the distance between the short-circuit end of the grid slots and the radiation slot can change the working frequency of the antenna, the width of the working frequency band and the electrical length of the radiation slot.
改变加载电容的数量、容值和间距，可以调节低阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the number, capacitance and spacing of the loading capacitors can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the working frequency of the antenna's low-frequency working frequency band and high-frequency working frequency band. frequency.
改变辐射槽缝的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝和高阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. working frequency.
栅缝的电长度不应该取在四分之一，以避免引起谐振辐射，造成交叉极化的上升。The electrical length of the grid slot should not be taken as a quarter, so as to avoid causing resonant radiation and causing cross-polarization rise.
电容并联加载到辐射槽缝的两个边缘，不仅使得槽缝传输线的特性阻抗降低至易于与馈电传输线匹配额，而且还降低了槽缝传输线的相速，使得半波长辐射槽缝的长度减小，实现辐射槽缝进而天线的小型化。双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝的谐振频率确定，但是金属地的尺寸、微带馈线导带在辐射槽缝的位置也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝既有低阻槽缝又有高阻槽缝，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地的尺寸，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝与高阻槽缝的相对长度和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。金属地上的栅缝对辐射槽缝形成周期性的加载，又使得辐射槽缝变成周期性的慢波结构，进一步减小了天线的电尺寸；同时由于栅缝的方向与辐射槽缝的方向垂直，抑制了金属地上沿辐射槽缝方向的电流，并且使得沿辐射槽缝方向的剩余的电流分布的更集中，从而减小了交叉极化的辐射，也减小了金属地的尺寸。Capacitors are loaded in parallel to the two edges of the radiation slot, which not only reduces the characteristic impedance of the slot transmission line to easily match the feed transmission line, but also reduces the phase velocity of the slot transmission line, reducing the length of the half-wavelength radiation slot. Small, realize the miniaturization of the radiation slot and the antenna. The working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitance loading step impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot, but the size of the metal ground, the conduction band of the microstrip feeder The working frequency and matching degree of the antenna can also be adjusted at the position of the radiation slot. Since the radiation slots have both low-resistance slots and high-resistance slots, the radiation slots with step impedance are formed, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces the cross polarization, but also reduces the size of the metal ground, and It is also possible to make the antenna have multiple working frequency bands, and by changing the relative length and impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, the positions of the two working frequency bands can be adjusted respectively. The grating on the metal ground forms a periodic load on the radiation slot, which makes the radiation slot a periodic slow-wave structure, further reducing the electrical size of the antenna; Vertically, the current along the direction of the radiation slot on the metal ground is suppressed, and the remaining current distribution along the direction of the radiation slot is more concentrated, thereby reducing the cross-polarized radiation and reducing the size of the metal ground.
有益效果：本发明的双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线的有益效果是，该天线可以减小整个天线的电尺寸、实现小型化，同时该天线不仅可以有多个频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节，还具有抑制天线的交叉极化的作用。Beneficial effect: the beneficial effect of the slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitance loading step impedance of the present invention is that the antenna can reduce the electrical size of the entire antenna and realize miniaturization. At the same time, the antenna can not only have multiple frequency bands, Moreover, multiple frequency bands can be adjusted separately, and it also has the effect of suppressing cross-polarization of the antenna.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线整体结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a slot antenna with a dual-frequency grid slot capacitively loaded with step impedance.
图中有：介质基板1、金属地2、辐射槽缝3、微带馈线4、导带5、栅缝6、电容7、低阻槽缝8、高阻槽缝9、端口10、边缘11和短路针12。In the figure: dielectric substrate 1, metal ground 2, radiation slot 3, microstrip feeder 4, conduction band 5, gate slot 6, capacitor 7, low resistance slot 8, high resistance slot 9, port 10, edge 11 and short pin 12.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
本发明所采用的实施方案是：双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线包括介质基板1、设置在介质基板1上的金属地2和辐射槽缝3、微带馈线4；介质基板1的一面是金属地2，介质基板1的另一面是微带馈线4的导带5；金属地2上有辐射槽缝3，辐射槽缝3的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝3位于金属地2的中心；金属地2上多条平行栅缝6构成的栅缝6阵列，栅缝6的形状是矩形，栅缝位于辐射槽缝3的四周，栅缝6与辐射槽缝3相互垂直；栅缝6的一端短路；栅缝6的另一端开路，位于介质基板1的边缘；辐射槽缝3的两端短路；在辐射槽缝3中间部分，有数个电容7并联跨接在辐射槽缝3的两个边缘，使得辐射槽缝3中间部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝8；辐射槽缝7的其余部分是高阻槽缝9，高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属地2也是所述的微带馈线4的接地面，微带馈线4的一端是天线的端口10，微带馈线4的导带5的另一端跨过高阻槽缝9，在高阻槽缝9的边缘11，通过短路针12与金属地2连接。The embodiment that the present invention adopts is: the slot antenna of the capacitive load step impedance of the dual-frequency grating slot includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal ground 2 arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, a radiation slot 3, and a microstrip feeder 4; One side of the substrate 1 is the metal ground 2, and the other side of the dielectric substrate 1 is the conduction band 5 of the microstrip feeder 4; there is a radiation slot 3 on the metal ground 2, and the shape of the radiation slot 3 is rectangular, and the radiation slot 3 is located on the metal The center of the ground 2; the grid slit 6 array formed by a plurality of parallel grid slits 6 on the metal ground 2, the shape of the grid slit 6 is rectangular, the grid slit is located around the radiation slot 3, and the grid slit 6 and the radiation slot 3 are perpendicular to each other ; One end of the grid slot 6 is short-circuited; the other end of the grid slot 6 is open and located at the edge of the dielectric substrate 1; both ends of the radiation slot 3 are short-circuited; in the middle part of the radiation slot 3, several capacitors 7 are connected in parallel across the radiation slot The two edges of the slit 3 make the characteristic impedance of the middle part of the radiation slot 3 lower, forming a low-resistance slot 8; the rest of the radiation slot 7 is a high-resistance slot 9, a high-resistance slot 9 and a low-resistance slot The slots 8 form the step impedance radiation slot 3 together, producing a low-frequency operating band with a lower frequency and a high-frequency operating band with a higher frequency; the metal ground 2 is also the ground plane of the microstrip feeder 4, and the microstrip feeder One end of 4 is the port 10 of the antenna, the other end of the conduction band 5 of the microstrip feeder 4 crosses the high-resistance slot 9 , and is connected to the metal ground 2 through the short-circuit pin 12 at the edge 11 of the high-resistance slot 9 .
改变介质基板1的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot 9 and the low-resistance slot 8, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the low frequency of the antenna The working frequency of the working frequency band and the working frequency of the high frequency working frequency band.
改变低阻槽缝8的长度、低阻槽缝8在辐射槽缝3中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝3的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot 8 and the position of the low-resistance slot 8 in the radiation slot 3, the electrical length of the radiation slot 3 can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of antenna miniaturization, and the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna can also be changed The operating frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band.
改变栅缝6阵列中相邻栅缝6的间距、栅缝6的宽度、栅缝6短路端离辐射槽缝3的距离，可以改变天线的工作频率、工作频带的宽度和辐射槽缝3的电长度。Changing the distance between adjacent grid slots 6 in the array of grid slots 6, the width of grid slots 6, and the distance between the short-circuit end of grid slots 6 and the radiation slot 3 can change the operating frequency of the antenna, the width of the working frequency band, and the width of the radiation slot 3. electrical length.
改变加载电容7的数量、容值和间距，可以调节低阻槽缝8的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the number, capacitance and spacing of the loading capacitor 7 can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot 8, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the working frequency and high-frequency working frequency of the antenna in the low-frequency working frequency band The operating frequency of the band.
改变辐射槽缝3的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝8和高阻槽缝9的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot 3 can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the working frequency and high frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. The working frequency of the frequency working frequency band.
栅缝6的电长度不应该取在四分之一，以避免引起谐振辐射，造成交叉极化的上升。The electrical length of the grid slot 6 should not be set at a quarter, so as to avoid causing resonant radiation and causing an increase in cross polarization.
双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝3的谐振频率确定，但是金属地2的尺寸、微带馈线4的导带5在辐射槽缝3的位置和宽度也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝3既有低阻槽缝8又有高阻槽缝9，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝3，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地2的尺寸，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝8与高阻槽缝9的相对长度、位置和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。金属地2上的栅缝6对辐射槽缝3形成周期性的加载，又使得辐射槽缝3变成周期性的慢波结构，进一步减小了天线的电尺寸；同时由于栅缝6的方向与辐射槽缝3的方向垂直，抑制了金属地2上沿辐射槽缝3方向的电流，并且使得沿辐射槽缝3方向的剩余的电流分布的更集中，从而减小了交叉极化的辐射，也减小了金属地2的尺寸。The working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitance loading step impedance are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot 3, but the size of the metal ground 2, the microstrip feeder The position and width of the conduction band 5 of 4 in the radiation slot 3 can also adjust the working frequency and matching degree of the antenna. Since the radiation slot 3 has both a low-resistance slot 8 and a high-resistance slot 9, a radiation slot 3 with a step impedance is formed, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces cross-polarization, but also reduces the metal ground 2, but also can make the antenna have multiple working frequency bands, and change the relative length, position and impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, and the positions of the two working frequency bands can be adjusted respectively. The grid slot 6 on the metal ground 2 forms a periodic load on the radiation slot 3, and makes the radiation slot 3 become a periodic slow-wave structure, further reducing the electrical size of the antenna; at the same time, due to the direction of the grid slot 6 It is perpendicular to the direction of the radiation slot 3, suppressing the current on the metal ground 2 along the direction of the radiation slot 3, and making the remaining current distribution along the direction of the radiation slot 3 more concentrated, thereby reducing the cross-polarized radiation , also reduces the size of the metal ground 2.
在工艺上，双频栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗的槽缝天线既可以采用普通的印刷电路板(PCB)工艺，也可以采用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺或者CMOS、Si基片等集成电路工艺实现。电容7可以根据工作频率选择相应封装的贴片电容7，并根据电容7两引脚电极的距离，选择低阻槽缝8的宽度。In terms of technology, the slot antenna with dual-frequency grating ground capacitively loaded step impedance can adopt either ordinary printed circuit board (PCB) technology, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology or CMOS, Si substrate and other integrated Circuit technology is realized. Capacitor 7 can select the chip capacitor 7 of the corresponding package according to the working frequency, and select the width of the low-resistance slot 8 according to the distance between the electrodes of the two pins of the capacitor 7 .
根据以上所述，便可实现本发明。According to the above, the present invention can be realized.
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