CN105703074A - Gate slot ground coaxial feed capacitor loaded phase step impedance tri-polarization half-groove antenna - Google Patents
Gate slot ground coaxial feed capacitor loaded phase step impedance tri-polarization half-groove antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种槽缝天线，尤其是一种栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线。The invention relates to a slot antenna, in particular to a three-polarized half-slot antenna in which the coaxial feeding capacitance of the grid slot loads a step impedance.
背景技术Background technique
槽缝天线是振子天线的对偶天线，有着广泛的应用。但是，普通的槽缝天线不仅辐射槽缝本身的长度要有二分之一波长，而且辐射槽缝周围还需要较大的金属地面积，通常金属地的长度比槽缝的长度大二分之一波长，金属地的宽度比槽缝的宽度大二分之一波长。多极化MIMO可以有效的提高频谱效率和信道容量，为了将MIMO技术可以应用到体积小的终端，需要把不同极化的天线共址放置。较大的金属地会对天线的辐射产生遮挡效应，使得槽缝天线不适合共址多输入多输出(MIMO)应用，特别是用作多极化天线使用时，大的金属地将导致天线的交叉极化变差、天线端口之间的隔离变差，这些都将导致频谱效率和信道容量的下降。同时槽缝的阻抗很大，还使得槽缝天线馈电传输线的阻抗匹配比较困难。同时现代通信的发展还要求天线可以多频带工作、并且两个频带可以分别调节。The slot antenna is the dual antenna of the dipole antenna and has a wide range of applications. However, the ordinary slot antenna not only needs half the wavelength of the radiation slot itself, but also needs a large metal ground area around the radiation slot, usually the length of the metal ground is 1/2 larger than the length of the slot One wavelength, the width of the metal ground is one-half wavelength larger than the width of the slot. Multi-polarization MIMO can effectively improve spectrum efficiency and channel capacity. In order to apply MIMO technology to small terminals, antennas with different polarizations need to be co-located. A large metal ground will have a shielding effect on the radiation of the antenna, making the slot antenna unsuitable for co-located multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications, especially when used as a multi-polarized antenna, a large metal ground will cause the antenna to Poor cross-polarization and poor isolation between antenna ports will lead to a reduction in spectral efficiency and channel capacity. At the same time, the impedance of the slot is very large, which also makes it difficult to match the impedance of the slot antenna feeding transmission line. At the same time, the development of modern communication also requires that the antenna can work in multiple frequency bands, and the two frequency bands can be adjusted separately.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题:本发明的目的是提出一种栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线，该天线不仅可以有多个工作频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节；该天线可以减小辐射槽缝的长度和金属地的面积，而且具有抑制交叉极化、改善隔离、减小遮挡的作用。Technical problem: the purpose of the present invention is to propose a kind of tripolarized half-slot antenna of coaxial feed capacitance loading step impedance of grid slot, this antenna not only can have a plurality of operating frequency bands, and a plurality of frequency bands can be adjusted respectively; The antenna can reduce the length of the radiation slot and the area of the metal ground, and has the functions of suppressing cross polarization, improving isolation, and reducing shading.
技术方案：本发明的栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线包括三个相互垂直放置的单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线；每个单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线包括介质基板、设置在介质基板上的金属地和辐射槽缝、同轴馈线；介质基板的一面是金属地，同轴馈线的外导体与金属地相贴连接；金属地上有辐射槽缝，辐射槽缝的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝位于金属地的中心；金属地上多条平行栅缝构成的栅缝阵列，栅缝的形状是矩形，栅缝位于辐射槽缝的四周，栅缝与辐射槽缝相互垂直；栅缝的一端短路；栅缝的另一端开路，位于介质基板的边缘；辐射槽缝的一端短路，另一端开路；在辐射槽缝靠近开路端部分，有数个电容并联跨接在辐射槽缝的两个边缘，使得辐射槽缝靠近开路端部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝；辐射槽缝的其余部分是高阻槽缝，高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属化过孔穿越介质基板，一头与金属地相连，另一头在介质基板的另一面；同轴馈线的一端是天线的端口，同轴馈线另一端的内导体跨过高阻槽缝，在高阻槽缝的边缘，与金属地连接。Technical solution: The three-polarized half-slot antenna of the present invention, which is coaxially fed with grid slots, is capacitively loaded with step impedance, and includes three single-polarized grid slots, which are vertically placed, with capacitance-loaded step impedance antennas; each monopole The capacitively loaded step impedance antenna of the grid slot includes a dielectric substrate, a metal ground and a radiation slot arranged on the dielectric substrate, and a coaxial feeder; one side of the dielectric substrate is a metal ground, and the outer conductor of the coaxial feeder is connected to the metal ground. Paste connection; there are radiation slots on the metal ground, the shape of the radiation slots is rectangular, and the radiation slots are located in the center of the metal ground; the array of grid slots composed of multiple parallel grid slots on the metal ground, the shape of the grid slots is rectangular, and the grid slots are located at the center of the metal ground. Around the radiation slot, the grid slot and the radiation slot are perpendicular to each other; one end of the grid slot is short-circuited; the other end of the grid slot is open, located on the edge of the dielectric substrate; one end of the radiation slot is short-circuited, and the other end is open; when the radiation slot is close to In the open-circuit end part, several capacitors are connected in parallel across the two edges of the radiation slot, so that the characteristic impedance of the radiation slot close to the open-circuit end becomes lower, forming a low-resistance slot; the rest of the radiation slot is a high-resistance slot , the high-resistance slot and the low-resistance slot together form a step impedance radiation slot, which produces a low-frequency working frequency band with a lower frequency and a high-frequency working frequency band with a higher frequency; the metallized via holes pass through the dielectric substrate, and one end is connected to the metal The other end is connected to the ground, and the other end is on the other side of the dielectric substrate; one end of the coaxial feeder is the port of the antenna, and the inner conductor at the other end of the coaxial feeder crosses the high-resistance slot, and is connected to the metal ground at the edge of the high-resistance slot.
改变介质基板的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝和低阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, permeability and permittivity of the dielectric substrate can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot and the low-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the antenna's low-frequency working frequency band. frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变低阻槽缝的长度、低阻槽缝在辐射槽缝中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot and the position of the low-resistance slot in the radiation slot, the electrical length of the radiation slot can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of miniaturization of the antenna, and the working frequency and The operating frequency of the high-frequency operating band.
改变栅缝阵列中相邻栅缝的间距、栅缝的宽度、栅缝短路端离辐射槽缝的距离，可以改变天线的工作频率、工作频带的宽度和辐射槽缝的电长度。Changing the spacing between adjacent grid slots in the grid slot array, the width of the grid slots, and the distance between the short-circuit end of the grid slots and the radiation slot can change the working frequency of the antenna, the width of the working frequency band and the electrical length of the radiation slot.
改变加载电容的数量、容值和间距，可以调节低阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the number, capacitance and spacing of the loading capacitors can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the working frequency of the antenna's low-frequency working frequency band and high-frequency working frequency band. frequency.
改变辐射槽缝的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝和高阻槽缝的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot, and then change the working frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band and the high-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. working frequency.
栅缝的电长度不应该取在四分之一，以避免引起谐振辐射，造成交叉极化的上升。The electrical length of the grid slot should not be taken as a quarter, so as to avoid causing resonant radiation and causing cross-polarization rise.
电容并联加载到辐射槽缝的两个边缘，不仅使得槽缝传输线的特性阻抗降低至易于与馈电传输线匹配额，而且还降低了槽缝传输线的相速，使得半波长辐射槽缝的长度减小，实现辐射槽缝进而天线的小型化。栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝的谐振频率确定，但是金属地的尺寸、同轴馈线内导体与辐射槽缝连接的位置也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝既有低阻槽缝又有高阻槽缝，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地的尺寸，改善隔离和降低了金属地的遮挡效应，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝与高阻槽缝的相对长度和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。金属地上的栅缝对辐射槽缝形成周期性的加载，又使得辐射槽缝变成周期性的慢波结构，进一步减小了天线的电尺寸；同时由于栅缝的方向与辐射槽缝的方向垂直，抑制了金属地上沿辐射槽缝方向的电流，并且使得沿辐射槽缝方向的剩余的电流分布的更集中，从而减小了交叉极化的辐射，改善了天线端口之间的隔离，也减小了金属地的尺寸，降低了金属地的遮挡效应。由于辐射槽缝3是四分之一波长的谐振结构，比通常两端短路的二分之一波长的辐射槽缝长度要小一半，因此天线的整体尺寸也相应减少，遮挡效应进一步降低。Capacitors are loaded in parallel to the two edges of the radiation slot, which not only reduces the characteristic impedance of the slot transmission line to easily match the feed transmission line, but also reduces the phase velocity of the slot transmission line, reducing the length of the half-wavelength radiation slot. Small, realize the miniaturization of the radiation slot and the antenna. The working frequency of the low-frequency operating frequency band and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band of the three-polarized half-slot antenna with coaxial feeding capacitor loaded with step impedance on the grid slot are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot, but the size of the metal ground, The position where the inner conductor of the coaxial feeder is connected to the radiation slot can also adjust the working frequency and matching degree of the antenna. Since the radiation slots have both low-resistance slots and high-resistance slots, they constitute radiation slots with step impedance, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces cross-polarization, but also reduces the size of the metal ground, improving It isolates and reduces the shielding effect of the metal ground, and enables the antenna to have multiple operating frequency bands, and by changing the relative length and impedance of the low-resistance slot and the high-resistance slot, the positions of the two operating frequency bands can be adjusted respectively. The grating on the metal ground forms a periodic load on the radiation slot, which makes the radiation slot a periodic slow-wave structure, further reducing the electrical size of the antenna; Vertical, which suppresses the current along the direction of the radiation slot on the metal ground, and makes the remaining current distribution along the direction of the radiation slot more concentrated, thereby reducing cross-polarized radiation and improving the isolation between antenna ports. The size of the metal ground is reduced, and the shielding effect of the metal ground is reduced. Since the radiating slot 3 is a quarter-wavelength resonant structure, the length of the 1/2-wavelength radiating slot is usually short-circuited by half, so the overall size of the antenna is correspondingly reduced, and the shielding effect is further reduced.
有益效果：本发明的栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线的有益效果是，该天线可以减小整个天线的电尺寸、实现小型化，同时该天线不仅可以有多个频带，而且多个频带可以分别调节，还具有抑制天线的交叉极化、改善端口之间隔离，和减少金属地的遮挡的作用。Beneficial effect: the beneficial effect of the triple-polarized half-slot antenna with coaxial feed capacitance loaded with step impedance on grid slot ground of the present invention is that the antenna can reduce the electrical size of the entire antenna and realize miniaturization, and at the same time, the antenna can not only There are multiple frequency bands, and the multiple frequency bands can be adjusted separately. It also has the functions of suppressing the cross-polarization of the antenna, improving the isolation between ports, and reducing the shielding of the metal ground.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线整体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-polarized half-slot antenna with a coaxial feed capacitor loaded with step impedance on a grid slot.
图2为栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线中单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线的结构示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-polarized slotted capacitively loaded step impedance antenna in a three-polarization half-slot antenna in which a coaxial feed capacitively fed by a slot is loaded with a step impedance.
图中有：介质基板1、金属地2、辐射槽缝3、同轴馈线4、外导体5、栅缝6、电容7、低阻槽缝8、高阻槽缝9、端口10、边缘11、内导体12和单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线13。In the figure: dielectric substrate 1, metal ground 2, radiation slot 3, coaxial feeder 4, outer conductor 5, grid slot 6, capacitor 7, low resistance slot 8, high resistance slot 9, port 10, edge 11 , an inner conductor 12 and a capacitively loaded step-impedance antenna 13 of a single-polarized grid slot.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
本发明所采用的实施方案是：栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线包括三个相互垂直放置的单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线13；每个单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线13包括介质基板1、设置在介质基板1上的金属地2和辐射槽缝3、同轴馈线4；介质基板1的一面是金属地2，同轴馈线4的外导体5与金属地2相贴连接；金属地2上有辐射槽缝3，辐射槽缝3的形状是矩形，辐射槽缝3位于金属地2的中心；金属地2上多条平行栅缝6构成的栅缝6阵列，栅缝6的形状是矩形，栅缝位于辐射槽缝3的四周，栅缝6与辐射槽缝3相互垂直；栅缝6的一端短路；栅缝6的另一端开路，位于介质基板1的边缘；辐射槽缝3的一端短路，另一端开路；在辐射槽缝3靠近开路端部分，有数个电容7并联跨接在辐射槽缝3的两个边缘，使得辐射槽缝3靠近开路端部分的特性阻抗变低，形成低阻槽缝8；辐射槽缝7的其余部分是高阻槽缝9，高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8一起构成阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3，产生一个频率较低的低频工作频带和一个频率较高的高频工作频带；金属化过孔7穿越介质基板1，一头与金属地2相连，另一头在介质基板1的另一面；同轴馈线4的一端是天线的端口10，同轴馈线4另一端的内导体12跨过高阻槽缝9，在高阻槽缝9的边缘11，与金属地2连接。The embodiment that the present invention adopts is: the three-polarized half-slot antenna of the coaxial feed capacitively loaded step impedance of the grid slot includes three vertically placed single-polarized grid slot ground capacitance loaded step impedance antennas 13; Each single-polarized grid slot capacitance-loaded step impedance antenna 13 includes a dielectric substrate 1, a metal ground 2, a radiation slot 3, and a coaxial feeder 4 arranged on the dielectric substrate 1; one side of the dielectric substrate 1 is a metal ground 2. The outer conductor 5 of the coaxial feeder 4 is connected to the metal ground 2; there is a radiation slot 3 on the metal ground 2, the shape of the radiation slot 3 is rectangular, and the radiation slot 3 is located in the center of the metal ground 2; the metal ground 2 2. An array of grid slits 6 formed by a plurality of parallel grid slits 6. The grid slits 6 are rectangular in shape. The grid slits are located around the radiation slits 3. The grid slits 6 and the radiation slits 3 are perpendicular to each other; one end of the grid slits 6 is short-circuited The other end of the grid slot 6 is open and located at the edge of the dielectric substrate 1; one end of the radiation slot 3 is short-circuited and the other end is open; in the part of the radiation slot 3 close to the open circuit end, several capacitors 7 are connected in parallel across the radiation slot 3 The two edges of the radiation slot 3 make the characteristic impedance of the part near the open circuit end lower, forming a low-resistance slot 8; the rest of the radiation slot 7 is a high-resistance slot 9, a high-resistance slot 9 and a low-resistance slot The slits 8 together form the step impedance radiation slot 3, which produces a low-frequency operating frequency band with a lower frequency and a high-frequency operating frequency band with a higher frequency; the metallized via hole 7 passes through the dielectric substrate 1, and one end is connected to the metal ground 2, and the other end is connected to the metal ground 2. One end is on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1; one end of the coaxial feeder 4 is the port 10 of the antenna, and the inner conductor 12 at the other end of the coaxial feeder 4 crosses the high-resistance slot 9, at the edge 11 of the high-resistance slot 9, and Metal ground 2 connection.
改变介质基板1的厚度、磁导率和介电常数，可以改变高阻槽缝9和低阻槽缝8的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the thickness, magnetic permeability and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 1 can change the characteristic impedance of the high-resistance slot 9 and the low-resistance slot 8, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the low frequency of the antenna The working frequency of the working frequency band and the working frequency of the high frequency working frequency band.
改变低阻槽缝8的长度、低阻槽缝8在辐射槽缝3中的位置，可以调节辐射槽缝3的电长度，以实现不同程度的天线小型化，还可以改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。By changing the length of the low-resistance slot 8 and the position of the low-resistance slot 8 in the radiation slot 3, the electrical length of the radiation slot 3 can be adjusted to achieve different degrees of antenna miniaturization, and the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna can also be changed The operating frequency and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band.
改变栅缝6阵列中相邻栅缝6的间距、栅缝6的宽度、栅缝6短路端离辐射槽缝3的距离，可以改变天线的工作频率、工作频带的宽度和辐射槽缝3的电长度。Changing the distance between adjacent grid slots 6 in the array of grid slots 6, the width of grid slots 6, and the distance between the short-circuit end of grid slots 6 and the radiation slot 3 can change the operating frequency of the antenna, the width of the working frequency band, and the width of the radiation slot 3. electrical length.
改变加载电容7的数量、容值和间距，可以调节低阻槽缝8的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the number, capacitance and spacing of the loading capacitor 7 can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot 8, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the working frequency and high-frequency working frequency of the antenna in the low-frequency working frequency band The operating frequency of the band.
改变辐射槽缝3的宽度，可以调节低阻槽缝8和高阻槽缝9的特性阻抗，改变阶跃阻抗辐射槽缝3的高低阻抗比，进而改变天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率。Changing the width of the radiation slot 3 can adjust the characteristic impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, change the high-to-low impedance ratio of the step impedance radiation slot 3, and then change the working frequency and high frequency of the low-frequency working frequency band of the antenna. The working frequency of the frequency working frequency band.
栅缝6的电长度不应该取在四分之一，以避免引起谐振辐射，造成交叉极化的上升。The electrical length of the grid slot 6 should not be set at a quarter, so as to avoid causing resonant radiation and causing an increase in cross polarization.
栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线的低频工作频带的工作频率和高频工作频带的工作频率主要由辐射槽缝3的谐振频率确定，但是金属地2的尺寸、同轴馈线4内导体12与辐射槽缝3连接的位置也可以对天线的工作频率和匹配程度进行调节。由于辐射槽缝3既有低阻槽缝8又有高阻槽缝9，构成了阶跃阻抗的辐射槽缝3，不仅使得天线小型化，减小了交叉极化，也减小了金属地2的尺寸，改善隔离和降低了金属地2的遮挡效应，而且还可以使得天线有多个工作频带，而且改变低阻槽缝8与高阻槽缝9的相对长度、位置和阻抗，可以分别调整两个工作频带的位置。金属地2上的栅缝6对辐射槽缝3形成周期性的加载，又使得辐射槽缝3变成周期性的慢波结构，进一步减小了天线的电尺寸；同时由于栅缝6的方向与辐射槽缝3的方向垂直，抑制了金属地2上沿辐射槽缝3方向的电流，并且使得沿辐射槽缝3方向的剩余的电流分布的更集中，从而减小了交叉极化的辐射，改善了天线端口之间的隔离，也减小了金属地2的尺寸，降低了金属地2的遮挡效应。由于辐射槽缝3是四分之一波长的谐振结构，比通常两端短路的二分之一波长的辐射槽缝长度要小一半，因此天线的整体尺寸也相应减少，遮挡效应进一步降低。The operating frequency of the low-frequency operating frequency band and the operating frequency of the high-frequency operating frequency band of the three-polarized half-slot antenna with coaxial feeding capacitor loaded with step impedance on the grid slot are mainly determined by the resonant frequency of the radiation slot 3, but the metal ground 2 The size and the position where the inner conductor 12 of the coaxial feeder 4 is connected to the radiation slot 3 can also adjust the working frequency and matching degree of the antenna. Since the radiation slot 3 has both a low-resistance slot 8 and a high-resistance slot 9, a radiation slot 3 with a step impedance is formed, which not only makes the antenna miniaturized, reduces cross-polarization, but also reduces the metal ground The size of 2 improves the isolation and reduces the shielding effect of the metal ground 2, and can also make the antenna have multiple operating frequency bands, and change the relative length, position and impedance of the low-resistance slot 8 and the high-resistance slot 9, respectively. Adjust the position of the two working frequency bands. The grid slot 6 on the metal ground 2 forms a periodic load on the radiation slot 3, and makes the radiation slot 3 become a periodic slow wave structure, which further reduces the electrical size of the antenna; at the same time, due to the direction of the grid slot 6 It is perpendicular to the direction of the radiation slot 3, suppressing the current on the metal ground 2 along the direction of the radiation slot 3, and making the remaining current distribution along the direction of the radiation slot 3 more concentrated, thereby reducing the cross-polarized radiation , which improves the isolation between antenna ports, reduces the size of the metal ground 2, and reduces the shielding effect of the metal ground 2. Since the radiating slot 3 is a quarter-wavelength resonant structure, the length of the 1/2-wavelength radiating slot is usually short-circuited by half, so the overall size of the antenna is correspondingly reduced, and the shielding effect is further reduced.
在工艺上，栅缝地同轴馈电电容加载阶跃阻抗的三极化半槽天线既可以采用普通的印刷电路板(PCB)工艺，也可以采用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)工艺或者CMOS、Si基片等集成电路工艺实现。电容7可以根据工作频率选择相应封装的贴片电容7，并根据电容7两引脚电极的距离，选择低阻槽缝8的宽度。在制造上，三个单极化的栅缝地电容加载阶跃阻抗天线13可以通过卡槽相互垂直安装在一起，或者通过粘结剂相互垂直粘结在一起，或者两种方法一起使用。In terms of technology, the three-polarized half-slot antenna with coaxial feed capacitor loaded with step impedance can adopt either ordinary printed circuit board (PCB) technology, low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology or CMOS, Integrated circuit technology such as Si substrate is realized. Capacitor 7 can select the chip capacitor 7 of the corresponding package according to the working frequency, and select the width of the low-resistance slot 8 according to the distance between the electrodes of the two pins of the capacitor 7 . In terms of manufacture, the three single-polarized slotted capacitance-loaded step impedance antennas 13 can be vertically installed together through slots, or vertically bonded together by adhesive, or both methods can be used together.
根据以上所述，便可实现本发明。According to the above, the present invention can be realized.
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