CN105580067B - 用于驱动电光显示器的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
电光显示器具有多个像素,每个像素能够显示两个极端光学状态和至少一个中间灰度。将每个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态,并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度,从而在该显示器上产生第一图像。接着,像素在该第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度。然后,将像素从第一期望的中间灰度驱动至相对的极端光学状态,并从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度,从而在该显示器上产生第二图像。
Description
相关申请
本申请涉及美国专利Nos.5,930,026;6,445,489;6,504,524;6,512,354; 6,531,997;6,753,999;6,825,970;6,900,851;6,995,550;7,012,600;7,023,420; 7,034,783;7,116,466;7,119,772;7,193,625;7,202,847;7,259,744;7,304,787;7,312,794;7,327,511;7,453,445;7,492,339;7,528,822;7,545,358;7,583,251; 7,602,374;7,612,760;7,679,599;7,688,297;7,729,039;7,733,311;7,733,335; 7,787,169;7,952,557;7,956,841;7,999,787;和8,077,141;以及美国专利申请公开Nos.2003/0102858;2005/0122284;2005/0179642;2005/0253777; 2006/0139308;2007/0013683;2007/0091418;2007/0103427;2007/0200874; 2008/0024429;2008/0024482;2008/0048969;2008/0129667;2008/0136774; 2008/0150888;2008/0291129;2009/0174651;2009/0179923;2009/0195568; 2009/0256799;2009/0322721;2010/0045592;2010/0220121;2010/0220122;2010/0265561;2011/0285754,和2013/0194250。
为了方便,前述专利和申请可以在下文中总地被称为“MEDEOD”(用于驱动电光显示器的方法)申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于驱动电光显示器(特别是双稳态电光显示器)的方法,以及用于这样的方法的设备。更特别地,本发明涉及可以允许在这样的显示器中减少“重影”和边缘效应以及减少闪烁的驱动方法。本发明特别地,但并非排他地,意于使用基于粒子的电泳显示器,其中,一种或多种类型的带电粒子存在于流体中并且在电场的影响下移动穿过流体以改变显示器的外观。
背景技术
作为应用于材料或者显示器的术语“电光”,其在此使用的是其在成像领域中的常规含义,指的是具有第一和第二显示状态的材料,该第一和第二显示状态的至少一个光学性质不同,通过向所述材料施加电场使该材料从其第一显示状态改变到第二显示状态。尽管光学性质通常是人眼可感知的颜色,但其可以是其他光学性质,诸如光透射、反射、发光,或者在意在用于机器阅读的显示器的情况下,在可见范围外的电磁波长的反射率的改变的意义上的伪色。
术语“灰色状态”在此使用的是其在成像技术领域中的常规含义,指的是介于像素的两个极端光学状态之间的一种状态,但并不一定意味着处于这两个极端状态之间的黑白转变。例如,下文中所涉及的伊英克公司的几个专利和公开申请描述了这样的电泳显示器,其中,该极端状态为白色和深蓝色,使得中间的“灰色状态”实际上为淡蓝色。实际上,如已经提到的,光学状态的改变可以根本不是颜色改变。下文可使用术语“黑色”和“白色”来指代显示器的两个极端光学状态,并且应当被理解为通常包括并非严格的黑色和白色的极端光学状态,例如上面提到的白色和深蓝色状态。下文可使用术语“单色的”来表示仅将像素驱动至其两个极端光学状态,而没有中间灰色状态的驱动方案。
术语“双稳态的”和“双稳定性”在此使用的是其在本领域中的常规含义,指的是包括具有第一和第二显示状态的显示元件的显示器,所述第一和第二显示状态的至少一个光学性质不同,从而在利用具有有限持续时间的寻址脉冲驱动任何给定元件以呈现其第一或第二显示状态之后,在该寻址脉冲终止后,该状态将持续的时间是改变该显示元件的状态所需的寻址脉冲的最小持续时间的至少几倍(例如至少4倍)。美国专利 No.7,170,670表明,支持灰度的一些基于粒子的电泳显示器不仅可以稳定于其极端的黑色和白色状态,还可以稳定于其中间的灰色状态,一些其它类型的电光显示器也是如此。这种类型的显示器被恰当地称为是“多稳态的”而非双稳态的,但是为了方便,在此可使用术语“双稳态的”以同时涵盖双稳态的和多稳态的显示器。
术语“脉冲”在此使用的是其常规含义,即电压关于时间的积分。然而,一些双稳态电光介质用作电荷转换器,并且对于这种介质,可以使用脉冲的一种替代定义,即电流关于时间的积分(其等于施加的总电荷)。根据介质是用作电压-时间脉冲转换器还是用作电荷脉冲转换器,应当使用合适的脉冲定义。
下文的讨论主要集中于用于驱动电光显示器的一个或多个像素经历从初始灰度至最终灰度(其可以与初始灰度相同或者不相同)的转变的方法。术语“波形”将用于指示整个电压与时间曲线,其用于实现从一个特定初始灰度到特定的最终灰度的转变。典型地,这样的波形包括多个波形元素;其中,这些元素本质上是矩形的(即,其中,给定元素包括在一段时间内施加恒定电压);该元素可以被称为“脉冲”或“驱动脉冲”。术语“驱动方案”指足以实现在特定显示器的灰度之间的所有可能的转变的一组波形。显示器可以使用多于一个驱动方案;例如,前述美国专利 No.7,012,600教导了根据诸如显示器温度或者在其生命周期内已经工作的时间等参数,驱动方案可能需要被修改,并且因此显示器可以配备有多个不同的将用在不同温度等的驱动方案。以该方式使用的一组驱动方案可以被称为“一组相关驱动方案”。如一些前述MEDEOD申请中所描述的,也可以在同一显示器的不同区域同时使用多于一个驱动方案,以该方式使用的一组驱动方案可以被称为“一组同步驱动方案”。
已知几种类型的电光显示器。其中一种类型的电光显示器是例如在美国专利Nos.5,808,783;5,777,782;5,760,761;6,054,071;6,055,091;6,0 97,531;6,128,124;6,137,467以及6,147,791中描述的旋转双色元件类型 (虽然这种类型的显示器经常被称为“旋转双色球”显示器,但由于在上文提及的一些专利中旋转元件并非球状的,所以术语“旋转双色元件”更为准确)。这样的显示器使用大量具有光学特性不同的两个或更多部分的小体(典型为球状或圆柱状)以及内部偶极子。这些体悬浮在基质内充满液体的液泡中,这些液泡充满液体以便这些体能够自由旋转。向该显示器施加电场,由此旋转这些体至各种位置并改变通过观察表面所看到的那些体的部位,从而改变该显示器的外观。这种类型的电光介质典型为双稳态。
另一种类型的电光显示器使用电致变色介质,例如变色(nanochromi c)薄膜形式的电致变色介质,其包括至少部分由半导体金属氧化物形成的电极以及多个附着在该电极上的能够可逆变色的染料分子;参见例如O’ Regan,B.等人,Nature,1991,353,737;以及Wood,D.,Information Di splay,18(3),24(2002年3月)。也参见Bach,U.等人在Adv.Mater.,20 02,14(11),845的文章。在例如美国专利Nos.6,301,038;6,870,657和6,950,220中也描述了这种类型的变色薄膜。这种类型的介质典型也为双稳态。
另一种类型的电光显示器是由Philips开发的,并在Hayes,R.A.等人的“基于电润湿技术的视频速度电子纸”(“Video-Speed Electronic Paper Based onElectrowetting”),Nature,425,383-385(2003)中描述的电润湿显示器。在美国专利No.7,420,549中表明这样的电润湿显示器可以被制成双稳态。
已经作为许多年来的大量研究和开发的主题的一种电光显示器是基于粒子的电泳显示器,其中,多个带电粒子在电场的影响下移动穿过流体。电泳显示器与液晶显示器相比可以具有以下属性:良好的亮度和对比度、宽的视角、状态双稳定性、和低功耗。然而,这些显示器的长期图像质量的问题阻碍了它们的广泛使用。例如,组成电泳显示器的粒子易沉降,导致这些显示器的不足的使用寿命。
如上所述,电泳介质需要流体的存在。在大多数现有技术的电泳介质中,该流体是液体,但是电泳介质可以使用气态流体来制造;参见例如K itamura,T.等,"Electricaltoner movement for electronic paper-like displa y",IDW Japan,2001,Paper HCSl-1,以及Yamaguchi,Y.等,"Toner dis play using insulative particles chargedtriboelectrically",IDW Japan,200 1,Paper AMD4-4。还参见美国专利Nos.7,321,459和7,236,291。这种基于气体的电泳介质在允许这种沉降的方向上(例如在介质在垂直平面中沉积的迹象中)使用时,看起来易受由于粒子沉降与基于液体的电泳介质相同类型的问题的影响。实际上,与基于液体的电泳介质相比,在基于气体的电泳介质中,粒子沉降似乎是更严重的问题,因为气态悬浮流体与液体相比的较低粘度允许电泳粒子的更快速的沉降。
被授予麻省理工学院(MIT)和伊英克公司或以它们的名义的许多专利和申请描述了用于封装的电泳和其他电光介质的各种技术。这种封装介质包括许多小囊体,每一个小囊体本身包括内部相以及包围内部相的囊壁,其中所述内部相含有在流体介质中的可电泳移动的粒子。典型地,这些囊体本身保持在聚合粘合剂中以形成位于两个电极之间的连贯层。在这些专利和申请中描述的技术包括:
(a)电泳粒子、流体和流体添加剂;参见例如美国专利Nos.7,002, 728和7,679,814;
(b)囊体、粘合剂和封装处理;参见例如美国专利Nos.6,922,276 和7,411,719;
(c)包含电光材料的薄膜和子组件;参见例如美国专利Nos.6,982,1 78和7,839,564;
(d)用于显示器中的背板、粘合层和其他辅助层以及方法;参见例如美国专利Nos.7,116,318和7,535,624;
(e)颜色形成和颜色调节;参见例如美国专利No.7,075,502和美国专利申请公开No.2007/0109219;
(f)用于驱动显示器的方法;参见前述MEDEOD申请;
(g)显示器的应用;参见例如美国专利No.7,312,784;和美国专利申请公开No.2006/0279527;以及
(h)非电泳显示器,如在美国专利Nos.6,241,921;6,950,220;和7, 420,549;以及美国专利申请公开No.2009/0046082中所述。
许多前述专利和申请认识到在封装的电泳介质中围绕离散的微囊体的壁可以由连续相替代,由此产生所谓的聚合物分散型的电泳显示器,其中电泳介质包括多个离散的电泳流体的微滴和聚合物材料的连续相,并且在这种聚合物分散型的电泳显示器内的离散的电泳流体的微滴可以被认为是囊体或微囊体,即使没有离散的囊体薄膜与每个单独的微滴相关联;参见例如前述美国专利No.6,866,760。因此,为了本申请的目的,这样的聚合物分散型电泳介质被认定为是封装的电泳介质的子类。
一种相关类型的电泳显示器是所谓的“微单元电泳显示器”。在微单元电泳显示器中,带电粒子和流体没有被封装在微囊体内,而是保持在形成于载体介质(通常是聚合物薄膜)内的多个空腔内。参见例如美国专利No s.6,672,921和6,788,449,两者都授予SipixImagingy有限公司。
虽然电泳介质通常是不透明的(因为,例如在很多电泳介质中,粒子基本上阻挡可见光透射通过显示器)并且在反射模式下工作,但许多电泳显示器可以制成在所谓的“快门模式”下工作,在该模式下,一种显示状态实质上是不透明的,而一种显示状态是透光的。参见例如美国专利No.5,87 2,552;6,130,774;6,144,361;6,172,798;6,271,823;6,225,971和6,184,85 6。类似于电泳显示器但是依赖于电场强度的变化的介电泳显示器可以在类似的模式下工作;参见美国专利No.4,418,346。其他类型的电光显示器也能够在快门模式下工作。在快门模式下工作的电光介质可以用于全色显示器的多层结构;在该结构中,邻近显示器的观察面的至少一层在快门模式下工作,以暴露或隐藏更远离观察面的第二层。
封装的电泳显示器通常不受传统电泳装置的聚集和沉降故障模式的困扰并提供更多的有益效果,例如在多种柔性和刚性基底上印刷或涂布显示器的能力。(使用词“印刷”意于包括印刷和涂布的所有形式,包括但不限于:诸如修补模具涂布、槽或挤压涂布、滑动或层叠涂布、幕式涂布的预先计量式涂布,诸如罗拉刮刀涂布、正向和反向辊式涂布的辊式涂布,凹面涂布,浸渍涂布,喷雾涂布,弯月面涂布,旋转涂布,刷涂,气刀涂布,丝网印刷工艺,静电印刷工艺,热印刷工艺,喷墨印刷工艺,电泳沉积(参见美国专利No.7,339,715),以及其他类似技术。)因此,所产生的显示器可以是柔性的。另外,因为显示器介质可以(使用多种方法)被印刷,所以显示器本身可以被便宜地制造。
其他类型的电光介质也可用于本发明的显示器。
基于粒子的电泳显示器的双稳态或多稳态性能,以及表现出类似性能的其他电光显示器(为了方便,这样的显示器在下文可以被称为“脉冲驱动显示器”),与传统液晶(LC)显示器的性能形成鲜明的对比。扭曲向列型液晶不是双稳态或多稳态的,而是用作电压转换器,因此,给这种显示器的像素施加给定电场在像素处产生特定的灰度,而不考虑该像素处之前存在的灰度。此外,LC显示器仅在一个方向(从非透射或“暗”至透射或“亮”)被驱动,通过减小或消除电场实现从较亮状态至较暗状态的反向转变。最后,LC显示器的像素的灰度对电场的极性不敏感,仅对其大小敏感,并且实际上,由于技术原因,商业LC显示器通常以频繁的间隔反转驱动电场的极性。相反,双稳态电光显示器大致上是作为脉冲转换器工作的,因此,像素的最终状态不仅取决于所施加的电场和施加该电场的时间,还取决于施加电场之前像素的状态。
不管所使用的电光介质是不是双稳态的,为了获得高分辨率的显示器,显示器的单独像素必须是不被邻近像素干扰地可寻址的。实现该目的的一种方法是提供诸如晶体管或二极管的非线性元件的阵列,其中至少一个非线性元件与每个像素相关,以产生“有源矩阵”显示器。寻址一个像素的寻址或像素电极通过相关的非线性元件与合适的电压源连接。典型地,当非线性元件是晶体管时,像素电极连接至晶体管的漏极,并且该布置将在下文的描述中呈现,然而这实质上是任意的并且像素电极可以连接至晶体管的源极。通常,在高分辨率阵列中,像素被布置在行和列的二维阵列中,以使任一特定像素被一个特定行和一个特定列的交叉点唯一地限定。每一列中所有晶体管的源极都连接至单一列电极,而每一行中所有晶体管的栅极都连接至单一行电极;再次,将源极分配给行和将栅极分配给列是常规的,但是实质上是任意的,并且如果需要,可以反转。行电极连接至行驱动器,其实质上确保在任意给定的时刻仅选择一行,即,给所选择的行电极施加电压例如以确保在所选择的行上的所有晶体管都是导通的,而给其他的行施加电压例如以确保在这些未选择的行上的所有晶体管保持不导通。列电极连接至列驱动器,其在各个列电极上施加选择的电压以将所选择的行上的像素驱动至它们期望的光学状态。(前述电压与共同的前电极有关,后者通常设置在电光介质中与非线性阵列相对的一侧并且在整个显示器上延伸。)在被称为“线寻址时间”的预选择间隔之后,取消选择被选择的行,选择下一行,并且改变列驱动器上的电压以使显示器的下一行被写入。重复该过程以使整个显示器以逐行方式被写入。
可能首先出现的是,用于寻址这种脉冲驱动电光显示器的理想方法将是所谓的“一般灰度图像流”,其中,控制器配置图像的每次写入以使得每个像素从其初始灰度直接转变到其最终灰度。然而,不可避免地,在将图像写到脉冲驱动显示器上时存在一些误差。在实践中遇到的一些这样的误差包括:
(a)先前状态依赖性;对于至少一些电光介质,将像素切换至新的光学状态所需的脉冲不仅取决于当前和期望光学状态,还取决于像素的之前的光学状态。
(b)停留时间依赖性;对于至少一些电光介质,将像素切换至新的光学状态所需的脉冲取决于像素在其各种光学状态中花费的时间。该依赖性的确切性质不好理解,但一般来说,像素在其当前光学状态中越长时间,则需要更多的脉冲。
(c)温度依赖性;将像素切换至新的光学状态所需的脉冲极大地取决于温度。
(d)湿度依赖性;对于至少一些类型的电光介质,将像素切换至新的光学状态所需的脉冲取决于环境湿度。
(e)机械均匀性;将像素切换至新的光学状态所需的脉冲可能被显示器中的机械变化影响,例如,电光介质或相关联的复膜胶的厚度的变化。其他类型的机械非均匀性可能由不同制造批次的介质之间的不可避免的变化、制造公差和材料变化引起。
(f)电压误差;施加至像素的实际脉冲将由于由驱动器输送的电压的不可避免的轻微误差而与理论上施加的脉冲不可避免地稍微不同。
一般灰度图像流经受“误差的累积”现象。例如,假设温度依赖性导致在每次转变时在正向方向上的0.2L*的误差,其中,L*具有通常的CIE 定义:
L*=116(R/R0)1/3-16,
其中,R是反射率,以及R0是标准反射率值。在五十次转变之后,该误差将累积至10L*。可能更实际地,假设按照显示器的理论和实际反射率之间的差被表达的,每次转变的平均误差为±0.2L*。在100次连续转变之后,像素将显示与它们的期望状态的2L*的平均偏差;这种偏差对于普通观察者在特定类型的图像上是明显的。
该误差现象的累积不仅适用于由于温度引起的误差,还适用于以上列出的所有类型的误差。如在前述美国专利No.7,012,600中所述,对这种误差的补偿是可能的,但仅达到有限的精度。例如,温度误差可以通过使用温度传感器和查找表来补偿,但是温度传感器具有有限的分辨率并且可能读取与电光介质稍微不同的温度。类似地,先前状态依赖性可以通过存储先前状态并使用多维转变矩阵来补偿,但是控制器存储器限制可以记录的状态的数量以及可以存储的转变矩阵的大小,从而对该类型的补偿的精度施加了限制。
由此,一般灰度图像流需要对所施加脉冲的非常精确的控制以给出好的结果,并且从经验上已经发现,在电光显示器的技术的目前状态中,一般灰度图像流在商业显示器中是不可行的。
在某些情况下,可能期望对于单个显示器利用多个驱动方案。例如,能够显示多于两种灰度的显示器可以利用可以实现所有可能灰度之间的转变的灰度驱动方案(“GSDS”),以及实现仅两个灰度之间的转变的单色驱动方案(“MDS”),MDS提供比GSDS更快的显示器的重写。当在显示器的重写期间正在改变的所有像素实现仅在由MDS使用的两个灰度之间的转变时使用MDS。例如,前述美国专利No.7,119,772描述了电子书或类似装置的形式的显示器,其能够显示灰度图像并且还能够显示允许用户输入与所显示图像有关的文本的单色对话框。当用户输入文本时,快速MDS 被用于对话框的快速更新,由此向用户提供正在被输入的文本的快速确认。另一方面,当在显示器上显示的整个灰度图像改变时,使用较慢的GSDS。
可替换地,显示器可以同时利用GSDS和“直接更新”驱动方案 (“DUDS”)。DUDS可以具有两个或更多个灰度,通常少于GSDS,但 DUDS的最重要的特性是由简单的单向驱动处理从初始灰度至最终灰度的转变,与GSDS中通常使用的“间接”转变形成对比,在GSDS中的至少一些转变中,像素从初始灰度被驱动至一个极端光学状态,之后在相反方向上驱动至最终灰度(为方便可将这类型的波形称为“单轨反弹”波形);在一些情况下,转变可能通过从初始灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态,之后至相对的极端光学状态,并且直到那时才至最终极端光学状态来实现(为方便可将这类型的波形称为“双轨反弹”波形)—参见例如,前述美国专利No.7,012,600的图11A和11B中所示的驱动方案。目前的电泳显示器可能具有大约为饱和脉冲的长度的二至三倍的灰度模式下的更新时间(其中,“饱和脉冲的长度”被定义为特定电压下的时间周期,其足以将显示器的像素从一个极端光学状态驱动至另一极端光学状态),或大约700-900 毫秒,而DUDS具有等于饱和脉冲的长度的最大更新时间或大约200-300 毫秒。
可以通过给每个期望的灰度分配脉冲电位(IP,impulse potential)来完全限定双轨反弹波形或驱动方案(即包括至少一个双轨反弹波形的驱动方案),理想地,该IP为从一个极端光学状态(典型地假定为白色极端光学状态)开始而达到该灰度所需的净脉冲。双轨反弹驱动方案允许在显示器处理任意系列转变时保持DC平衡,以及在应当有助于减少先前历史依赖性的有限循环中操作该显示器(忽略在期望的灰度处的停留)。然而,双轨反弹波形的中间步骤(从黑色至白色或者从白色至黑色)分别造成了“瞬间-白”和“瞬间-黑”转变,这会使观看者分散注意力。另外,这种额外的中间步骤导致更长的更新时间并且一般无法(与现今的商业显示器一起)用于16灰度的动画驱动方案。
正如已经提到的,可以使用单轨反弹驱动方案来代替双轨反弹驱动方案。单轨反弹驱动方案消除了双轨反弹波形的该瞬间的中间黑-白或者白- 黑步骤,并且相比于双轨反弹驱动方案的转变,其转变趋向于更短的持续时间。然而,在对不同灰度的一系列更新期间,单轨反弹驱动方案的施加的信号显然不会是周期性的。另外,由于电泳介质及类似电光介质的非线性性能,以及在这样的介质中的驱动电压的施加与光学响应之间的滞后,在该波形中必须包含相当数量的调谐元件(如前述几个MEDEOD申请中所述的附加的波形组件),以便以DC平衡方式达到所有期望的灰度。这些调谐元件增加了最大波形长度和可见闪烁量,因此减少了单轨反弹驱动方案相比双轨反弹驱动方案的优点。
发明内容
本发明力求实现单轨反弹驱动方案的优势(即,减少双轨反弹驱动方案的中间黑-白或白-黑步骤的分散注意力的影响,减少更新时间,以及允许驱动方案用于诸如多灰度动画或双波形方式之类的应用)而同时避免由于其并非处于有限循环中且要求调谐元件的存在而引起的驱动方案缺少鲁棒性的问题。
支持本发明的基本思路是用“交替单轨反弹驱动方案(ASRBDS, alternatingsingle rail bounce drive scheme)”来代替在一些现有技术的电光显示器中使用的单轨反弹驱动方案,在该ASRBDS中,每个像素在自黑轨反弹的单轨反弹驱动方案与自白轨反弹的类似方案之间的连续转变中交替出现。
相应地,本发明提供了一种驱动具有多个像素的电光显示器的方法,每个像素能够显示两个极端光学状态和至少一个中间灰度。将每个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态,再从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度。接着,该像素在该第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度。然后,将该像素从第一期望的中间灰度驱动至相对的极端光学状态,再从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度。
换句话说,本发明提供了一种驱动具有多个像素的电光显示器的方法,每个像素能够显示两个极端光学状态和至少一个中间灰度,该方法包括:(a)将至少一个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度,所述至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第一图像的部分;(b)允许所述至少一个像素在所述第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度;以及(c)其后,将所述至少一个像素从所述第一期望的中间灰度驱动至相对的极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度,所述至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第二图像的部分。
在本发明的这个方法中,所述有限时间长度通常会表示在此期间该显示器的使用者正在例如通过读取文本图像来查看该显示器上的第一图像的时间。相应地,该有限时间长度通常至少与期间将所述至少一个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度的时间段一样长,以及由此其通常至少为大约1秒,而且在多数情况下会长得多。
本发明还提供一种被配置为执行本发明的方法的新的显示控制器。
如上文及在前述MEDEOD申请中所讨论的,特定的驱动方案可以仅在显示器的特定区域中使用,该特定区域可以是矩形或任意形状。本发明涉及一种驱动方法和控制器,其中仅在显示器的多个区域的其中一个区域 (或并非全部区域)中使用ASRBDS,而对其余区域应用不同的驱动方案。
在本发明的该方法中,显示器可以使用上文所述的任何类型的电光介质。因此,例如,电光显示器可以包括旋转双色元件、电致变色或电润湿材料。或者,电光显示器可包括电泳材料,该电泳材料包括被置于流体中并能够在电场的影响下移动穿过该流体的多个带电粒子。该带电粒子和流体可以被限制在多个囊体或微单元内。或者,该带电粒子和流体可以作为被包含聚合物材料的连续相所围绕的多个离散的微滴而存在。该流体可以为液态或气态。
可以在现有技术的电光显示器已被使用的任一应用中使用本发明的显示器。因此,例如,本显示器可以被用于电子书阅读器、便携计算机、平板电脑、蜂窝电话、智能卡、指示牌、手表、货架标签、可变透射窗以及闪存驱动器。
附图说明
附图中仅有的图1 示出了关于由本发明的ASRBDS驱动的显示器的一个像素的几个连续转变的电压与时间曲线,以及像素的对应光学状态。
具体实施方式
如已经提到的,本发明提供了一种驱动具有多个像素的电光显示器的 (ASRBDS)方法,每个像素能够显示两个极端光学状态和至少一个中间灰度。将每个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态,再从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度。接着,该像素在该第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度。然后,将该像素从第一期望的中间灰度驱动至相对的极端光学状态,再从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度。
对于ASRBDS,一个完整的单个周期可以用符号表示为:
“R3状态”→“白轨”→“R2状态”→“黑轨”→“R1状态”其中,R3是像素的初始状态,R2是第一期望的灰度,而R1是第二期望的灰度。驱动方案在白轨和黑轨之间交替的方式使得双轨反弹驱动方案的基本有限循环波形结构得以保持。更重要地,ASRBDS给了更大的自由度来实现灰色精确分级布置且更大程度上避免了重影,这是因为它使得设计者能够独立地设置两个不同的脉冲电位,即一个用于自白轨反弹的驱动方案而第二个用于自黑轨反弹的驱动方案。
附图中仅有的图1 示意性地示出了本发明的ASRBDS。如该图1 所示,像素最初处于初始中间灰度R3。施加负(通向白色的)驱动脉冲,直到该像素达到白色极端光学状态(白轨)。然后,施加正(通向黑色的)驱动脉冲,直到该像素达到第一期望的中间灰度R2。该像素保持在灰度R2,直到要求改变该像素的灰度的、对显示器的下一次更新为止。然后,施加另一正(通向黑色的)驱动脉冲,直到该像素达到黑色极端光学状态(黑轨)。然后,施加负驱动脉冲,直到该像素达到第二期望的中间灰度R1。
对于驱动电光显示器领域的普通技术人员显而易见的是,使用本发明的ASRBDS的两个连续转变使得像素的光学状态经历与在使用双轨反弹驱动方案的单个转变期间所经历的变化相同的变化;这两种情况之间的差别在于ASRBDS允许像素停留在中间级(图中的第一期望的中间灰度 R2)。相应地,关于调整与使用,ASRBDS应该具有与其已经针对双轨反弹驱动方案所展示的优势相同的优势。
实际上,可以将ASRBDS的两个部分(黑轨和白轨反弹部分)作为不同的驱动方案来存储,并且将驱动控制器配置为当连续转变时在这些驱动方案之间切换。在一种形式的ASRBDS中,同步显示器的所有像素,以便在同一更新时每个像素从同一个轨反弹。可以对单独的波形进行顶点对齐或者(例如用零电压周期)填充,从而并非所有像素都在同一时刻到达该轨。这样的“同步”ASRBDS对于快速相片更新特别有用,在快速相片更新中图像足够复杂以至于难以注意到正在访问哪个轨。或者,可以使用非同步ASRBDS,其中例如以棋盘格(checkerboard)图案将显示器的像素分成两组,而对这两组的更新会具有反宇称性,即对于第一次更新,第一组会从白轨反弹而第二组会从黑轨反弹,而在下一次更新时,第一组会从黑轨反弹而第二组会从白轨反弹。这样的驱动方案会具有通过空间平均降低明显的闪烁的优点,参见前面提及的US 2013/0194250。本发明的ASRBDS 也可以用于实现动画。
可以使用前述MEDEOD申请中描述的任何技术对本发明的方法进行“调整”以产生精确灰度。因此,例如,用于实现本发明方法的转变中任何一个转变的波形可包括具有以下特征的驱动脉冲:拥有与整个波形的极性相反的极性。例如,如果在本发明的步骤(a)中,将像素从深灰度驱动至白色,然后回到浅灰度,那么该波形的第二部分(即,负责该转变的白色至浅灰段的波形部分)典型地会具有总体通向黑色的极性。然而,为确保对最终浅灰度的精确控制,可能比较理想的是在该波形的第二部分包含至少一个通向白色的脉冲。此外,出于类似的理由,如前述MEDEOD申请中所讨论的,通常可以在波形中包括至少一个平衡的脉冲对(具有相等的绝对脉冲值而极性相反的一对驱动脉冲)和/或至少一个零电压周期。
当然,ASRBDS必须包括关于白色至白色转变和黑色至黑色转变的波形。(如在前述的MEDEOD申请中一样,本文所使用的术语“转变”包括所谓的零转变,其中像素的初始灰度和最终灰度是一样的。这样的零转变在转变期间可以涉及或者可以不涉及改变像素灰度。)可能最初看起来 ASRBDS会要求两个白色至白色波形、一个黑轨反弹波形(其会要求瞬间至黑色,之后返回至白色)以及一个白轨反弹波形,该白轨反弹波形会是空转变(即不会施加任何驱动脉冲)。然而,这样的空转变会导致人为边缘重影的出现。因此,可以将ASRBDS修改为对于两次转变都使用黑轨反弹波形。或者,可以对于两次转变都使用空的白轨反弹波形,这样,该 ASRBDS会是如前述US2013/0194250中所使用的术语意义上的“全局有限”驱动方案。
由上可知,可以看出本发明的ASRBDS可提供用于电光显示器的低闪高速鲁棒的DC平衡驱动方案。该ASRBDS对于显示照片和其他连续色调图像尤其有用,因此使得使用该驱动方案的显示器对于用户更具吸引力。
Claims (12)
1.一种驱动具有多个像素的电光显示器的方法,其中所述显示器的像素至少分成第一组和第二组,每个像素能够显示两个极端光学状态和至少一个中间灰度,所述方法的特征在于:
对于第一组:
(a)将第一组的至少一个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度,所述第一组的至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第一图像的部分;
(b)允许所述第一组的至少一个像素在所述第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度;以及
(c)其后,将所述第一组的至少一个像素从所述第一期望的中间灰度驱动至相对的极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度,所述第一组的至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第二图像的部分;以及
与第一组同时地,对于第二组:
(d)将第二组的至少一个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至所述相对的极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度,所述第二组的至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第一图像的部分;
(e)允许所述第二组的至少一个像素在所述第一期望的中间灰度保持有限时间长度;以及
(f)其后,将所述第二组的至少一个像素从所述第一期望的中间灰度驱动至所述一个极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第二期望的中间灰度,所述第二组的至少一个像素由此形成所述显示器上第二图像的部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述有限时间长度至少与期间将所述至少一个像素从初始中间灰度驱动至一个极端光学状态并从那里驱动至第一期望的中间灰度的时间段一样长。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述有限时间长度至少为大约1秒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用包括至少一个平衡的脉冲对和/或至少一个零电压周期的波形来实施步骤(a)和步骤(c)的其中一个。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电光显示器包括旋转双色元件、电致变色或电润湿材料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述电光显示器包括电泳材料,该电泳材料包括被置于流体中并能够在电场的影响下移动穿过该流体的多个带电粒子。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述带电粒子和所述流体被限制在多个囊体或微单元内。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述带电粒子和所述流体作为被包含聚合物材料的连续相所围绕的多个离散的微滴而存在。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述流体为气态。
10.一种能够操作双稳态电光显示器的显示控制器,其特征在于该显示控制器被配置为实施根据权利要求1所述的方法。
11.一种电光显示器,其特征在于该电光显示器被配置为实施根据权利要求1所述的方法。
12.一种以根据权利要求11所述的显示器为特征的电子书阅读器、便携计算机、平板电脑、蜂窝电话、智能卡、指示牌、手表、货架标签、可变透射窗或闪存驱动器。
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2014
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- 2014-07-30 EP EP14831875.1A patent/EP3028270A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-07-30 WO PCT/US2014/048812 patent/WO2015017503A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-07-30 CN CN201480053177.6A patent/CN105580067B/zh active Active
- 2014-07-30 JP JP2016531851A patent/JP6097887B2/ja active Active
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CN108847190A (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-20 | 福州大学 | 一种电润湿电子纸显示器的驱动方法 |
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HK1218017A1 (zh) | 2017-01-27 |
CN105580067A (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
US20140333685A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
EP3028270A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
JP6097887B2 (ja) | 2017-03-15 |
US20160240124A9 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
WO2015017503A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
JP2016532153A (ja) | 2016-10-13 |
EP3028270A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
US9620048B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
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