CN105562851B - A kind of soft electrode electric discharge machining apparatus based on liquid metal and porous ceramic - Google Patents
A kind of soft electrode electric discharge machining apparatus based on liquid metal and porous ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005290 field theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001084 galinstan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
- B23H1/06—Electrode material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置，包括软电极，所述软电极包括多孔质陶瓷和液态金属，所述多孔质陶瓷设有盲孔，所述液态金属设置在所述盲孔内，经所述多孔质陶瓷渗出的液态金属为工具电极。本发明的有益效果是：以液态金属作为工具电极，将其盛放在多孔陶瓷盲管中，由于多孔质陶瓷的作用，液态金属会从多孔质陶瓷中渗透出来，附着在外部，形成软电极，在一次放电结束后，尖端的液态金属会有少量损耗，然后在毛细作用下，新的液态金属将会继续渗透出来，从而保证持续放电，多孔质陶瓷本身不参与电火花放电，因此工具电极的形状不会发生改变，从而很好的改善了工具电极被损耗的问题，提高了加工精度。
The invention provides a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics, comprising a soft electrode, the soft electrode includes porous ceramics and liquid metal, the porous ceramics is provided with blind holes, and the liquid The metal is arranged in the blind hole, and the liquid metal seeped through the porous ceramic is the tool electrode. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: using liquid metal as a tool electrode and placing it in a porous ceramic blind pipe, due to the action of the porous ceramic, the liquid metal will permeate out of the porous ceramic and adhere to the outside to form a soft electrode , after a discharge, the liquid metal at the tip will lose a small amount, and then under the capillary action, the new liquid metal will continue to seep out, so as to ensure continuous discharge. The porous ceramic itself does not participate in the spark discharge, so the tool electrode The shape of the tool will not change, which greatly improves the problem of the tool electrode being worn out and improves the machining accuracy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电火花加工装置，尤其涉及一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置。The invention relates to an electric discharge machining device, in particular to a soft electrode electric discharge processing device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics.
背景技术Background technique
电火花加工是利用两电极间脉冲放电时产生的电蚀作用蚀除导电材料的特种加工方法，又称放电加工或电蚀加工，英文简称EDM。由于利用电火花加工方式能加工普通切削加工方法难以切削的材料和复杂形状工件，并且加工时无切削力，不产生毛刺和刀痕沟纹等缺陷，因此这种加工方法广泛用于加工具有复杂形状的型孔、型腔的模具和零件以及各种硬、脆材料，如硬质合金和淬火钢等；传统的电火花加工一般采用导电性较好的铜作为工具电极，然而在电火花放电瞬间，铜电极也会出现少量的损耗。随着加工的微细化，为了保证加工精度，铜电极需要做的非常细，这就更加增大了电极相对损耗比。当工具电极损耗较多时，会严重影响加工精度。为了解决电火花加工这方面的缺陷，国内外学者做了大量研究与尝试。孙钟明等人针对电极损耗对微细孔、型腔等加工精度的影响，讨论了电极损耗的预测和补偿方法，提出了基于放电模拟的微细电极损耗预测方法；郝永平等人针对引信保险机构的组成零件进行微细电火花铣削加工者电极损耗产生的影响进行分析，重点讨论了加工参数以及分层铣削厚度对电极损耗的影响；曾昭奇等人讨论了微细电火花加工在气体介质中电极损耗的情况，并根据实际损耗情况进行相应补偿，结果证明与油中电火花铣削相比，气中电火花加工时电极损耗更低，加工表面质量更好；王元刚等人利用电磁场理论及ComsolMul-tiphysics软件对微细电火花加工圆柱电极的损耗进行了理论分析和计算模拟，为电极损耗补偿策略和加工精度的提高提供了理论依据。尽管很多学者进行了大量研究，但主要集中在电极损耗估计测量与补偿等方面，没有从根本上解决电极损耗的问题，而且上述这些研究方法较为复杂，获得的效果却不是很明显。EDM is a special processing method that uses the electric erosion effect generated by pulse discharge between two electrodes to remove conductive materials. It is also called electric discharge machining or electric erosion machining, and is called EDM in English. Since the EDM method can be used to process materials and complex-shaped workpieces that are difficult to cut by ordinary cutting methods, and there is no cutting force during processing, and no defects such as burrs and tool marks are produced, so this processing method is widely used in processing complex workpieces. Shaped holes, molds and parts of the cavity, and various hard and brittle materials, such as cemented carbide and hardened steel; traditional EDM generally uses copper with better conductivity as the tool electrode, but in EDM In an instant, a small amount of loss will also occur in the copper electrode. With the miniaturization of processing, in order to ensure the processing accuracy, the copper electrode needs to be made very thin, which further increases the relative loss ratio of the electrode. When the tool electrode wears more, it will seriously affect the machining accuracy. In order to solve the defects of EDM, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research and attempts. Sun Zhongming and others discussed the prediction and compensation methods of electrode loss based on the influence of electrode loss on the machining accuracy of micro-holes and cavities, and proposed a prediction method for micro-electrode loss based on discharge simulation; Hao Yongping et al. Analyzed the influence of electrode loss on micro-EDM processing of parts, focusing on the influence of processing parameters and layered milling thickness on electrode loss; Zeng Zhaoqi and others discussed the electrode loss of micro-EDM in gas medium, And make corresponding compensation according to the actual loss. The results prove that compared with EDM in oil, EDM in gas has lower electrode loss and better surface quality; Wang Yuangang and others use electromagnetic field theory and ComsolMul-tiphysics software to analyze The theoretical analysis and calculation simulation of the loss of the cylindrical electrode in EDM are carried out, which provides a theoretical basis for the compensation strategy of the electrode loss and the improvement of the machining accuracy. Although many scholars have conducted a lot of research, they mainly focus on the estimation, measurement and compensation of electrode loss, and have not fundamentally solved the problem of electrode loss. Moreover, the above-mentioned research methods are relatively complicated, and the results obtained are not very obvious.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了彻底解决电极损耗问题，进一步提高加工精度，本发明提出了一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置。In order to completely solve the problem of electrode loss and further improve machining accuracy, the present invention proposes a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics.
本发明提供了一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置，包括软电极，所述软电极包括多孔质陶瓷和液态金属，所述多孔质陶瓷设有盲孔，所述液态金属设置在所述盲孔内，经所述多孔质陶瓷渗出的液态金属为工具电极。The invention provides a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics, comprising a soft electrode, the soft electrode includes porous ceramics and liquid metal, the porous ceramics is provided with a blind hole, the liquid The metal is arranged in the blind hole, and the liquid metal seeped through the porous ceramic is the tool electrode.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述软电极电火花加工装置还包括加工工件、数控机床、脉冲电源和供液装置，其中，所述脉冲电源分别与所述液态金属、加工工件电连接，所述供液装置与所述盲孔连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the soft electrode electric discharge machining device also includes a processing workpiece, a numerically controlled machine tool, a pulse power supply and a liquid supply device, wherein the pulse power supply is electrically connected to the liquid metal and the processing workpiece respectively, and the The liquid supply device is connected with the blind hole.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述供液装置包括容器、导管和蠕动泵，所述容器内盛放有液态金属，所述导管的一端与所述容器连接，另一端与所述盲孔连接，所述导管与所述蠕动泵连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the liquid supply device includes a container, a conduit and a peristaltic pump, liquid metal is contained in the container, one end of the conduit is connected to the container, and the other end is connected to the blind hole, The catheter is connected to the peristaltic pump.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述容器内的液态金属的顶面覆盖有煤油。As a further improvement of the present invention, the top surface of the liquid metal in the container is covered with kerosene.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述软电极电火花加工装置还包括工控机和放电状态检测单元，其中，所述工控机分别与所述脉冲电源、数控机床电连接，所述放电状态检测单元分别与所述液态金属、加工工件电连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, the soft electrode EDM device also includes an industrial computer and a discharge state detection unit, wherein the industrial computer is electrically connected to the pulse power supply and the numerical control machine tool respectively, and the discharge state detection unit is respectively It is electrically connected with the liquid metal and the workpiece.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述数控机床上设有工作箱，所述工作箱内填充有惰性气体，所述多孔质陶瓷、加工工件分别设置在所述工作箱内。As a further improvement of the present invention, the numerically controlled machine tool is provided with a working box filled with inert gas, and the porous ceramics and workpieces are respectively arranged in the working box.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述液态金属混合有盐酸。As a further improvement of the present invention, the liquid metal is mixed with hydrochloric acid.
本发明的有益效果是：以液态金属（Galinstan）作为工具电极，将其盛放在多孔陶瓷盲管中，由于多孔质陶瓷的作用，液态金属会从多孔质陶瓷中渗透出来，附着在外部，形成软电极，在一次放电结束后，尖端的液态金属会有少量损耗，然后在毛细作用下，新的液态金属将会继续渗透出来，从而保证持续放电，多孔质陶瓷本身不参与电火花放电，因此工具电极的形状不会发生改变，从而很好的改善了工具电极被损耗的问题，提高了加工精度。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: using liquid metal (Galinstan) as a tool electrode and placing it in a porous ceramic blind pipe, due to the action of the porous ceramic, the liquid metal will permeate out of the porous ceramic and adhere to the outside, Form a soft electrode. After a discharge, the liquid metal at the tip will lose a small amount, and then under capillary action, new liquid metal will continue to permeate out, so as to ensure continuous discharge. The porous ceramic itself does not participate in the spark discharge. Therefore, the shape of the tool electrode will not change, thereby greatly improving the problem of the tool electrode being worn out and improving the machining accuracy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置的软电极的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a soft electrode of a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics according to the present invention.
图2是本发明一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics according to the present invention.
图3是本发明一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置的软电极对加工工件表面进行铣削加工的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics of the present invention performing milling on the surface of a workpiece.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图说明及具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置，包括软电极，所述软电极包括多孔质陶瓷2和液态金属3，所述多孔质陶瓷2设有盲孔，所述液态金属3设置在所述盲孔内，经所述多孔质陶瓷2渗出的液态金属3为工具电极。As shown in Figure 1, a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics includes a soft electrode, the soft electrode includes a porous ceramic 2 and a liquid metal 3, and the porous ceramic 2 is provided with a blind The liquid metal 3 is arranged in the blind hole, and the liquid metal 3 seeped through the porous ceramic 2 is a tool electrode.
如图2所示，所述软电极电火花加工装置还包括加工工件1、数控机床6、脉冲电源5和供液装置，其中，所述脉冲电源5分别与所述液态金属3、加工工件1电连接，所述供液装置与所述盲孔连接。As shown in Figure 2, the soft electrode electric discharge machining device also includes a workpiece 1, a numerically controlled machine tool 6, a pulse power supply 5 and a liquid supply device, wherein the pulse power supply 5 is connected to the liquid metal 3 and the workpiece 1 respectively. Electrically connected, the liquid supply device is connected to the blind hole.
如图2所示，所述供液装置包括容器9、导管12和蠕动泵11，所述容器9内盛放有液态金属3，所述导管12的一端与所述容器9连接，另一端与所述盲孔连接，所述导管12与所述蠕动泵11连接，所述蠕动泵11经导管12将液态金属3从容器9内蠕动抽向多孔质陶瓷2的盲孔，所述导管12优选为塑料导管。As shown in Figure 2, the liquid supply device includes a container 9, a conduit 12 and a peristaltic pump 11, liquid metal 3 is contained in the container 9, one end of the conduit 12 is connected with the container 9, and the other end is connected with the container 9. The blind hole is connected, the conduit 12 is connected to the peristaltic pump 11, and the peristaltic pump 11 peristaltically draws the liquid metal 3 from the container 9 to the blind hole of the porous ceramic 2 through the conduit 12, and the conduit 12 is preferably For plastic conduit.
如图2所示，位于所述容器9内的液态金属3的顶面覆盖有煤油10。As shown in FIG. 2 , the top surface of the liquid metal 3 located in the container 9 is covered with kerosene 10 .
如图2所示，所述软电极电火花加工装置还包括工控机4和放电状态检测单元7，其中，所述工控机4分别与所述脉冲电源5、数控机床6电连接，所述放电状态检测单元7分别与所述液态金属3、加工工件1电连接。As shown in Figure 2, the soft electrode EDM device also includes an industrial computer 4 and a discharge state detection unit 7, wherein the industrial computer 4 is electrically connected to the pulse power supply 5 and the numerically controlled machine tool 6 respectively, and the discharge The state detection unit 7 is electrically connected to the liquid metal 3 and the workpiece 1 respectively.
如图2所示，所述数控机床6上设有工作箱13，所述工作箱13内填充有惰性气体8，所述多孔质陶瓷2、加工工件1分别设置在所述工作箱13内。所述工作箱13优选为透明玻璃箱。As shown in FIG. 2 , the CNC machine tool 6 is provided with a working box 13 filled with an inert gas 8 , and the porous ceramic 2 and the workpiece 1 are respectively arranged in the working box 13 . The working box 13 is preferably a transparent glass box.
如图2所示，所述液态金属3混合有盐酸。As shown in Figure 2, the liquid metal 3 is mixed with hydrochloric acid.
本发明中利用一端封闭的多孔质陶瓷2盛放液态金属3，在毛细作用和供液系统的压力作用下使液态金属3渗出并附着在多孔质陶瓷2外壁构成工具电极，多孔质陶瓷2末端通过塑料导管与盛放液态金属3的容器9相连，利用蠕动泵11将液态金属3送入多孔质陶瓷2的盲孔内，完成液态金属3的补给工作。由于液态金属3被氧化后流动性很差，不能及时从盲孔内溢出甚至造成堵塞，因此该装置要保证很好的密封性并与氧气隔绝。防止液态金属3氧化所采取的措施为在盛放液态金属3的容器9内添加一层煤油10以隔绝空气接触，将工具电极和加工工件1放置在盛有惰性气体8的工作箱13中，在液态金属3中混入少量盐酸来减缓氧化等。浸润在多孔质陶瓷2外壁的液态金属3与脉冲电源5相连可构成工具电极。由于液态金属3对多孔质陶瓷2良好的润湿性，可以均匀的浸润多孔质陶瓷2的外表面，因此将此种多孔质陶瓷2制成多种尺寸和形状，可以加工尺寸较小的微孔，也可对加工工件1表面进行铣削加工，如图3所示，图3中的箭头所示方向为铣削方向。尺寸较大的多孔质陶瓷2的端面和侧面均可以附着液态金属3，与加工工件1形成放电通道，从而既可以完成较大尺寸孔的快速加工，又可以对加工工件1进行面的铣削和沟槽的加工。In the present invention, the porous ceramic 2 with one end closed is used to hold the liquid metal 3, and the liquid metal 3 seeps out and adheres to the outer wall of the porous ceramic 2 to form a tool electrode under the capillary action and the pressure of the liquid supply system. The end is connected with the container 9 containing the liquid metal 3 through a plastic conduit, and the liquid metal 3 is sent into the blind hole of the porous ceramic 2 by a peristaltic pump 11 to complete the replenishment of the liquid metal 3 . Since the liquid metal 3 has poor fluidity after being oxidized, it cannot overflow from the blind hole in time or even cause blockage, so the device must ensure good sealing and be isolated from oxygen. The measures taken to prevent the oxidation of the liquid metal 3 are to add a layer of kerosene 10 in the container 9 containing the liquid metal 3 to isolate the air contact, and place the tool electrode and the workpiece 1 in a working box 13 filled with an inert gas 8, Mix a small amount of hydrochloric acid in liquid metal 3 to slow down oxidation, etc. The liquid metal 3 soaked in the outer wall of the porous ceramic 2 is connected with the pulse power supply 5 to form a tool electrode. Due to the good wettability of the liquid metal 3 to the porous ceramic 2, the outer surface of the porous ceramic 2 can be uniformly infiltrated, so the porous ceramic 2 can be made into various sizes and shapes, and microscopic particles with smaller sizes can be processed. The hole can also be milled on the surface of the workpiece 1, as shown in Figure 3, and the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 3 is the milling direction. The liquid metal 3 can be attached to the end face and the side of the porous ceramic 2 with a large size to form a discharge channel with the workpiece 1, so that the rapid machining of a large-sized hole can be completed, and the surface milling and surface milling of the workpiece 1 can be performed. Groove processing.
本发明提供的一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置的加工过程为：The processing process of a soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics provided by the present invention is as follows:
(1)实验平台搭建：如图1所示，液态金属3浸润多孔质陶瓷2表面，形成放电的工具电极，多孔质陶瓷2另一端与导管12相连接。液态金属3对大多数金属有腐蚀作用，因而采用石墨材料连接脉冲电源5，石墨材料置于导管12中。由于液态金属3在空气中很容易被氧化，因此在加工过程中需要将加工工件1和软电极置于盛有惰性气体8的透明玻璃箱中对液态金属3进行保护，防止其被氧化后导电效果降低。(1) Construction of the experimental platform: as shown in FIG. 1 , the liquid metal 3 infiltrates the surface of the porous ceramic 2 to form a discharge tool electrode, and the other end of the porous ceramic 2 is connected to the conduit 12 . The liquid metal 3 has a corrosive effect on most metals, so the graphite material is used to connect the pulse power supply 5, and the graphite material is placed in the conduit 12. Since the liquid metal 3 is easily oxidized in the air, it is necessary to place the workpiece 1 and the soft electrode in a transparent glass box filled with an inert gas 8 during the processing to protect the liquid metal 3 from being oxidized and conducting electricity. The effect is reduced.
（2）放电加工过程：进行加工时，软电极逐渐接近工具电极，当达到放电距离时接通脉冲电源5，软电极和加工工件1之间形成放电通道，在放电的瞬间，加工工件1会因为高温而被融化腐蚀；同时多孔质陶瓷2表面浸润的液态金属3也会因放电产生的爆炸力而掉落形成加工废屑，而多孔质陶瓷2内部的液态金属3在毛细作用和蠕动泵的驱动下渗透出来重新浸润多孔质陶瓷2表面，因此在下次放电时，软电极会依旧保持原来的形状，不会由于放电损耗而变形，保证了加工精度。放电状态检测单元7在加工过程中时刻检测放电状态，同时反馈给数控机床6，数控机床6会根据检测到的放电状态，调整加工距离，使软电极和加工工件1之间总是保持良好的放电效果，从而提高加工效率。(2) EDM process: During processing, the soft electrode gradually approaches the tool electrode. When the discharge distance is reached, the pulse power supply 5 is turned on, and a discharge channel is formed between the soft electrode and the workpiece 1. At the moment of discharge, the workpiece 1 will It is melted and corroded due to high temperature; at the same time, the liquid metal 3 infiltrated on the surface of the porous ceramic 2 will also fall off due to the explosive force generated by the discharge to form processing waste, and the liquid metal 3 inside the porous ceramic 2 is in capillary action and peristaltic pump. Driven by the driving force, the soft electrode will infiltrate and re-wet the surface of the porous ceramic 2, so the soft electrode will still maintain the original shape during the next discharge, and will not be deformed due to discharge loss, which ensures the processing accuracy. The discharge state detection unit 7 detects the discharge state at all times during the processing, and feeds back to the CNC machine tool 6 at the same time. The CNC machine tool 6 will adjust the processing distance according to the detected discharge state, so that the distance between the soft electrode and the workpiece 1 is always maintained. Discharge effect, thereby improving processing efficiency.
本发明提供的一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置具有以下优点：A soft electrode electric discharge machining device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
采用液态金属3和多孔质陶瓷2相结合的软电极加工方案不仅可以实现传统电火花加工精度高、可加工材料多样化、没有刀痕等优点，还从根本上改善了电极材料，彻底解决了电极损耗对加工精度的影响，避免了为补偿电极损耗而采取的各种复杂算法与措施。这种方案在加工过程中可以很好的保护电极，在电极消耗后可以自动填补，并且多孔质陶瓷2不参与放电，因此可以维持原有的电极形状，从而使加工过程不受电极损耗的影响，极大地提高了加工精度与加工效率。由于液态金属3良好的润湿性，可以均匀的覆盖在多孔质陶瓷2表面，增大放电通道的面积，因而可以实现工件表面的大面积的高效加工。加工过程中溅落的液态金属3也可以重复利用，因此本发明提出的一种基于液态金属和多孔质陶瓷的软电极电火花加工装置是一种既高效又环保的可行方案。The soft electrode machining scheme combining liquid metal 3 and porous ceramic 2 can not only realize the advantages of traditional EDM, such as high precision, diversification of machinable materials, and no tool marks, but also fundamentally improves the electrode material and completely solves the problem. The impact of electrode loss on machining accuracy avoids various complex algorithms and measures to compensate for electrode loss. This solution can protect the electrode very well during the processing, and it can be filled automatically after the electrode is consumed, and the porous ceramic 2 does not participate in the discharge, so the original electrode shape can be maintained, so that the processing process is not affected by the electrode loss. , greatly improving the processing accuracy and processing efficiency. Due to the good wettability of the liquid metal 3 , it can evenly cover the surface of the porous ceramic 2 and increase the area of the discharge channel, thereby realizing efficient machining of a large area of the workpiece surface. The liquid metal 3 splashed during processing can also be reused, so a soft electrode EDM device based on liquid metal and porous ceramics proposed by the present invention is a feasible solution that is both efficient and environmentally friendly.
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be assumed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deduction or replacement can be made, which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.
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| US4698478A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1987-10-06 | Charmilles Technologies S.A. | Method and apparatus for rethreading the electrode wire of a travelling wire EDM apparatus through the cut in a workpiece |
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