High flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical target sounding field, relate to a kind of high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device.
Background technology
High light spectrum image-forming technology is interfered to obtain the interference light intensity information of imageable target by adding interferometer in imaging systems, Fourier transform is utilized to restore the multispectral datacube of imageable target, there is the advantage of high light flux, high spatial resolution and high spectral resolution, in fields such as remotely sensed image, resource exploration, environmental monitorings, there is very large application potential.
In recent years, both at home and abroad such high light spectrum image-forming technology is studied.Wherein, the people such as Israel Cabib have studied the high flux interference imaging spectral technology based on Sagnac interferometer, form interference signal on the detector by lateral shear thought.In such technical scheme, Sagnac interferometer needs the luminous flux losing at least half.The people such as Britain Harvey propose the technical scheme based on Wollaston prism interferometer device, the program is equally based on the thought of lateral shearing interference, due to the light beam shear property of birefringence device, system can realize linear light path structure, but the Sagnac interferometer scheme of light flux ratio also will reduce half.The people such as U.S. Horton propose the technical scheme based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, form two staggered picture planes, receive formed interference signal by detector by angular shear thought.Such interferometer is called as " as flat interferometer ", its luminous flux phase and the Sagnac interferometer scheme of Israel Cabib similar.The people such as Germany Posselt propose the technical scheme based on Michelson interferometer, and utilize the thought that angular shear is interfered equally, do not need collimated light path structure, luminous flux utilization factor is same not as good as 25%.Studies in China personnel also conduct in-depth research relevant interference imaging method, propose the technical scheme differed from one another respectively, the birefringence mode inteference imaging spectrometer based on Savart prism that the people such as the pure people propose is opened comprising Xi'an Communications University, luminous flux is generally less than 25%, the therefore more difficult lifting of optical-mechanical system signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device, solve the technical matters that in traditional double refraction interference imaging spectral technology scheme, luminous flux loss is larger.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is: a kind of high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device, comprise place successively along optical path direction preposition image-forming objective lens, collimator objective, the combination polarizer, preposition half-wave plate, birefringence clipper, rearmounted half-wave plate, combination analyzer, rearmounted image-forming objective lens and detector; All optical elements are contour relative to instrument base planar coaxial; The imaging surface of preposition image-forming objective lens overlaps with the front focal plane of collimator objective.
The described combination polarizer is identical with combination analyzer structure, comprise the first polarization splitting prism, the second polarization splitting prism and right-angle prism, first polarization splitting prism is mutually vertical with the light splitting surface of the second polarization splitting prism, two right-angle surface of right-angle prism are coated with high-reflecting film, the hypotenuse of right-angle prism is connected with the reflected light exit facet of the first polarization splitting prism, is connected with the second polarization splitting prism reflected light plane of incidence.
Incident beam from target is imaged in its image planes by preposition image-forming objective lens, subsequently through collimator objective, form collimated light beam, the combination polarizer is incided with collimated light beam form, equal, the orthogonal transmitted light of direction of vibration of intensity and reflected light is produced through the first polarization splitting prism, transmitted light through the second polarization splitting prism outgoing, is called radioparent polarized light again; Reflected light enters right-angle prism, after two right-angle surface reflect successively, enters the second polarization splitting prism, through the second polarization splitting prism light splitting surface outgoing, is called reflected ray polarized light; Two bunch polarized lights are through preposition half-wave plate, polarization direction rotates 45 °, radioparent polarized light is divided into after entering birefringence clipper that intensity is equal, the orthogonal two bunch polarized lights of direction of vibration, be called the first radioparent polarized light and the second radioparent polarized light, and the first radioparent polarized light and the second radioparent polarized light are laterally cut across incision; Reflected ray polarized light is divided into after entering birefringence clipper that intensity is equal, the orthogonal two bunch polarized lights of direction of vibration, be called the first reflected ray polarized light and the second reflected ray polarized light, and the first reflected ray polarized light and the second reflected ray polarized light are cut by Transverse Shear; Above-mentioned four bunch polarized lights are through rearmounted half-wave plate, and polarization direction all rotates 45 °; Four bunch polarized lights enter combination analyzer respectively, each bunch polarized light enters in combination analyzer, transmitted light and reflected light is produced respectively through the first polarization splitting prism light splitting surface, transmitted light is again through the second polarization splitting prism outgoing, reflected light enters right-angle prism, after two right-angle surface reflect successively, enter the second polarization splitting prism, through the second polarization splitting prism light splitting surface outgoing; Eight bunch polarized lights are after rearmounted image-forming objective lens, converge on detector target surface and produce four groups of interference information, be respectively the transmitted light that the first transmitted light and the second transmitted light produce in combination analyzer mutually to interfere, the reflected light that first transmitted light and the second transmitted light produce in combination analyzer is interfered mutually, the transmitted light that first reflected light and the second reflected light produce in combination analyzer is interfered mutually, and the reflected light that the first reflected light and the second reflected light produce in combination analyzer is interfered mutually; Four groups of interference information are modulated by identical optical path difference, and superposition together, and then obtain the interference image information of target by detector.
Also comprise diaphragm, the imaging surface of described preposition image-forming objective lens is provided with diaphragm; The optical axis direction of preposition half-wave plate and rearmounted half-wave plate and the angle in its incident light polarization direction are 22.5 °; The target surface of detector is positioned at the image planes position of rearmounted image-forming objective lens.
Described birefringence clipper is Savart clipper or two Wollaston clipper.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is in the present invention: (1), compared to traditional birefringence interference imaging spectrum system, luminous flux brings up to more than 80% by original less than 25%.
(2) superposition of interference information improves system signal noise ratio, is conducive to improving spectrum recovering precision.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the combination polarizer of the present invention and combination analyzer.
Fig. 3 is birefringence clipper schematic diagram of the present invention, and wherein (a) is two Wollaston clipper schematic diagram, and (b) is Savart clipper schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Composition graphs 1 ~ Fig. 3, a kind of high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device, comprise place successively along optical path direction preposition image-forming objective lens 1, collimator objective 2, the combination polarizer 3, preposition half-wave plate 4, birefringence clipper 5, rearmounted half-wave plate 6, combination analyzer 7, rearmounted image-forming objective lens 8 and detector 9; All optical elements are contour relative to instrument base planar coaxial; The imaging surface of preposition image-forming objective lens 1 overlaps with the front focal plane of collimator objective 2.
The described combination polarizer 3 is identical with combination analyzer 7 structure, comprise the first polarization splitting prism 11, second polarization splitting prism 12 and right-angle prism 13, first polarization splitting prism 11 is mutually vertical with the light splitting surface of the second polarization splitting prism 12, two right-angle surface of right-angle prism 13 are coated with high-reflecting film, the hypotenuse of right-angle prism 13 is connected with the reflected light exit facet of the first polarization splitting prism 11, is connected with the second polarization splitting prism 12 reflected light plane of incidence.
Also comprise diaphragm 10, the imaging surface of described preposition image-forming objective lens 1 is provided with diaphragm 10; The optical axis direction of preposition half-wave plate 4 and rearmounted half-wave plate 6 and the angle in its incident light polarization direction are 22.5 °; The target surface of detector 9 is positioned at the image planes position of rearmounted image-forming objective lens 8.
Described birefringence clipper 5 is Savart clipper or two Wollaston clipper.
Incident beam from target is imaged in its image planes by preposition image-forming objective lens 1, parasitic light is removed through diaphragm 10, subsequently through collimator objective 2, form collimated light beam, the combination polarizer 3 is incided with collimated light beam form, produce that intensity is equal through the first polarization splitting prism 11, the orthogonal transmitted light of direction of vibration and reflected light, transmitted light through the second polarization splitting prism 12 outgoing, is called radioparent polarized light again; Reflected light enters right-angle prism 13, after two right-angle surface reflect successively, enters the second polarization splitting prism 12, through the second polarization splitting prism 12 light splitting surface outgoing, is called reflected ray polarized light; Two bunch polarized lights are through preposition half-wave plate 4, polarization direction rotates 45 °, radioparent polarized light is divided into after entering birefringence clipper 5 that intensity is equal, the orthogonal two bunch polarized lights of direction of vibration, be called the first radioparent polarized light and the second radioparent polarized light, and the first radioparent polarized light and the second radioparent polarized light are laterally cut across incision; Reflected ray polarized light is divided into after entering birefringence clipper 5 that intensity is equal, the orthogonal two bunch polarized lights of direction of vibration, be called the first reflected ray polarized light and the second reflected ray polarized light, and the first reflected ray polarized light and the second reflected ray polarized light are cut by Transverse Shear; Above-mentioned four bunch polarized lights are through rearmounted half-wave plate 6, and polarization direction all rotates 45 °; Four bunch polarized lights enter combination analyzer 7 respectively, each bunch polarized light enters in combination analyzer 7, transmitted light and reflected light is produced respectively through the first polarization splitting prism 11 light splitting surface, transmitted light is again through the second polarization splitting prism 12 outgoing, reflected light enters right-angle prism 13, after two right-angle surface reflect successively, enter the second polarization splitting prism 12, through the second polarization splitting prism 12 light splitting surface outgoing; Eight bunch polarized lights are after rearmounted image-forming objective lens 6, converge on detector 9 target surface and produce four groups of interference information, the transmitted light being respectively the first transmitted light and the generation in combination analyzer 7 of the second transmitted light is interfered mutually, the reflected light that first transmitted light and the second transmitted light produce in combination analyzer 7 is interfered mutually, the transmitted light that first reflected light and the second reflected light produce in combination analyzer 7 is interfered mutually, and the reflected light that the first reflected light and the second reflected light produce in combination analyzer 7 is interfered mutually; Four groups of interference information are modulated by identical optical path difference, and superposition together, and then obtain the interference image information of target by detector 9.Can restore the spectral information of target after eventually passing Fourier transform process.
The present invention has two class interferential scanning modes, and the first kind is built-in scan mode, rotates or translation birefringence clipper 5; Equations of The Second Kind is entire scan mode, translation or rotate whole high flux birefringence interference imaging spectral device.Adopt this two kinds of interferential scanning modes, scanning device every translation distance, detector 9 gathers an interference information; After scanning completes, acquisition interference data cube, carries out to these interference signal data the spectral information that spectrum recovering process can obtain the detection of a target.
High flux birefringence interference imaging spectral apparatus and method of the present invention, utilize the optical characteristics of polarization splitting prism, add in interference system and combine (inspection) device partially, adopt the thought of " interference information superposition ", realize the light spectrum image-forming detection of system height throughput.The method has the advantage such as high s/n ratio and high light flux.The present invention is compared to traditional birefringence interference imaging spectrum system, and luminous flux brings up to more than 80% by original less than 25%.The superposition of interference information improves system signal noise ratio, is conducive to improving spectrum recovering precision.