CN105443718B - Internal tooth wheel drive rolls into block formula two-phase external cam automobile differential - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to an internal gear-driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential, which belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission. The invention provides a new type of automobile differential. The outside of the outer tooth inner center wheel is a straight bevel gear, and the inside is an inner gear. The two-phase outer cams are all connected by pure rolling friction, and both are multi-teeth meshing. The power is input from the bevel gear outside the inner center wheel with outer teeth, and transmitted to the rolling block through the inner gear of the inner center wheel with outer teeth, and the rolling block then transmits the power to the left axle frame fixedly connected with the left wheel and the right wheel The two-phase outer cam of the solidly connected right half shaft enables the left and right wheels to realize a differential speed. The automotive differential eliminates the planetary gear system in the traditional automotive differential. It has compact structure, small size, light weight, multi-teeth meshing, large overlap, strong bearing capacity, and high transmission efficiency. It can be widely used in differential applications. Various wheeled vehicles with gearboxes, such as automobiles, engineering vehicles, etc.

Description

Internal gear driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automotive differential

technical field

The invention relates to an internal gear-driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential, which is used for the differential speed of wheeled vehicles and belongs to the technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background technique

At present, the commonly used automotive differentials use a planetary gear system composed of multiple straight-toothed bevel gears to achieve the purpose of differential speed. Although this system can realize the differential speed of the left and right axle shafts of the car, there are many components in the system. , the axial and radial dimensions are large, the volume is large, and the weight is heavy, especially for heavy-duty vehicles, in order to achieve differential speed and transmit sufficient power, the volume and weight will be further increased; straight bevel gear transmission is also It has the disadvantages of low coincidence, low bearing capacity, low transmission efficiency, difficult processing of straight bevel gears, and poor manufacturability.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is: in order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the existing automobile differential, the present invention provides a simple and compact structure, small axial and radial dimensions, light weight, high coincidence degree, large bearing capacity, and high transmission efficiency. A new type of automotive differential - an internal gear driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automotive differential.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an internal gear-driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential, mainly composed of an external tooth inner center wheel (1), a left axle frame (2) , tapered roller bearing (3), right half shell (4), rolling block (5), right half shaft two-phase outer cam (6), deep groove ball bearing (7), screw (8), deep groove ball Bearing (9), sleeve gasket (11) and deep groove ball bearing (12), which are characterized in that: the planetary gear system of the traditional automobile differential is abandoned and replaced by "outer tooth inner center wheel - roller Incoming block—two-phase external cam” system, the system mainly includes external gear inner center wheel (1), left half-shaft frame (2), rolling-in block (5), right half-shaft two-phase external cam (6), This system realizes the differential speed and constitutes the differential gear mechanism; the outside of the external tooth inner center wheel (1) is a straight-toothed bevel gear, and the inside is an internal gear with multiple protruding parts. The number of protruding parts is called The number of teeth of the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) is denoted as Z ₁ , so the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) is not only a bevel gear of the final reducer, but also a component of the differential mechanism, and the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) The main reducer and the differential are organically integrated, and the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) and the right half shell (4) are fixedly connected into a whole by screws (8) and are supported by a pair of tapered roller bearings (3) be supported on the frame; the left end of the left semi-axle frame (2) is the left semi-axle, and the left semi-axle frame (2) is fixedly connected with the left rear wheel (13) by the left semi-axle, and the left semi-axle frame ( 2) The right end of the sleeve structure is a sleeve structure, which is installed in the inner gear of the external tooth inner center wheel (1), and Z ₂ radial guide grooves are opened along the circumference of the sleeve structure, and the guide grooves are equipped with rolling blocks (5), the left axle frame (2) is supported by a pair of deep groove ball bearings (12) in the center wheel (1) of the outer teeth; , needle roller (17), and needle roller sleeve (18), the two ends of the pin (16) and the holes on both sides of the bracket block (15) are tightly fitted, and the four needle roller sleeves (18) are all It is supported by the pin (16) and forms a rolling connection relationship with the support block (15) through the needle roller (17); When the axle frame (2) rotates and on the other hand moves in the radial guide groove of the left half axle frame (2), the envelope line of a series of positions of the needle roller sleeve (18) at the outer end; The shaft two-phase external cam (6) is a two-phase external cam. The shape of the two-phase external cam itself is symmetrical to the center of 180 degrees, and its own mass is completely balanced. Eccentric arc curve, the right half-shaft two-phase outer cam (6) is embedded in the sleeve structure of the left half-shaft frame (2), the right end of the right half-shaft two-phase outer cam (6) is the right half-shaft, the right half-shaft The shaft two-phase outer cam (6) is fixedly connected with the right rear wheel (14) through the right half shaft, and the left end of the right half shaft two-phase outer cam (6) is supported on the left half shaft frame through a deep groove ball bearing (9) Inside (2), the right end is supported in the right half shell (4) by deep groove ball bearings (7) ; The two needle roller sleeves (18) in the middle of the rolling block (5) can roll radially on the inner wall of the radial guide groove of the sleeve structure of the left axle frame (2), so that the rolling block (5) It forms a rolling connection with the left side shaft frame (2), and the needle bushing (18) at both ends of the rolling block (5) is in phase with the inner gear tooth profile of the outer gear inner center wheel (1) and the right side shaft. The outer cam profiles of the cam (6) mesh with each other to form a rolling high pair; the difference between the number of teeth Z1 of the outer tooth inner center wheel ( ₁ ) and the number Z2 of the rolling block (5) is ₂ .

Other unmentioned places of differential gear of the present invention, all adopt prior art as the coupling etc. of left axle frame (2), right half axle two-phase outer cam (6) and vehicle wheel.

Compared with prior art, main inventive point of the present invention is:

①The present invention replaces the planetary gear system of the traditional automobile differential with the system of "external tooth inner center wheel-rolling block-two-phase outer cam". The two-phase outer cam of the feed block and the right half shaft realizes the differential speed with this system and constitutes the differential gear.

②The outside of the external tooth inner center wheel is a straight bevel gear, and the inside is an internal gear with multiple protruding parts. The number of the protruding parts is called the number of teeth of the external tooth inner center wheel. A bevel gear of the main reducer is also a component of the differential mechanism. The outer-toothed inner center wheel organically integrates the main reducer and the differential. The outer-toothed inner center wheel and the right half shell are fixed by screws It is connected as a whole and supported on the frame by a pair of tapered roller bearings; the left end of the left half shaft frame is the left half shaft, and the left half shaft frame is fixedly connected with the left rear wheel through the left half shaft, and the left half shaft frame The right end is a sleeve structure, the sleeve structure is installed in the inner gear of the external tooth inner center wheel, Z ₂ radial guide grooves are opened along the circumference of the sleeve structure, the guide grooves are equipped with rolling blocks, and the left axle frame is composed of A pair of deep groove ball bearings are supported in the inner center wheel of the outer teeth; the above-mentioned rolling block is composed of a bracket block, a pin, a needle roller, and a needle sleeve, and the two ends of the pin are tightly fitted with the holes on both sides of the bracket block , the four needle roller sleeves are all supported by pins and form a rolling connection relationship with the bracket block through the needle rollers; In the process of moving in the radial guide groove of the left side shaft frame, the envelope of a series of positions of the needle roller sleeve at the outer end; the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft is a two-phase outer cam, and the two-phase outer cam Its own shape is 180-degree central symmetry, and its own mass is completely balanced. Its contour curve is a standard elliptic curve, or a two-phase cosine curve, or a double eccentric arc curve. The two-phase outer cam on the right half shaft is embedded in the left half shaft frame. In the sleeve structure, the right end of the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft is the right half shaft, the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft is fixedly connected with the right rear wheel through the right half shaft, and the left end of the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft passes through The deep groove ball bearing is supported in the left half shaft frame, and the right end is supported in the right half shell through the deep groove ball bearing; the two needle roller sleeves in the middle of the rolling block can be placed in the diameter of the sleeve structure of the left half shaft frame The inner wall of the guide groove rolls in the radial direction, so that the rolling connection is formed between the rolling block and the left half shaft frame, and the needle sleeves at both ends of the rolling block are connected with the internal gear tooth profile of the external tooth inner center wheel and the right half shaft. The outer cam profiles of the outer cams mesh with each other to form a high-rolling pair; the difference between the number of teeth Z ₁ of the inner center wheel of the outer teeth and the number Z ₂ of the rolling blocks is 2.

③The driving force is transmitted to the inner center wheel of the external gear and then transmitted to the two-phase outer cam of the left half shaft frame and the right half shaft through the rolling block, so as to be transmitted to the left and right wheels, and the rolling block is connected with the left half shaft frame and the outer gear The two-phase outer cams of the inner center wheel and the right half shaft are connected by pure rolling friction, so the transmission efficiency of the differential gear of the present invention is high.

④Multi-tooth engagement between the rolling block and the external gear inner center wheel, the left half-shaft frame and the right half-shaft two-phase outer cam, so the coincidence degree is large, the bearing capacity is large, and high power and high torque differential transmission can be realized .

⑤ The shape of the two-phase outer cam on the right half shaft is 180°centrosymmetric, its own mass is completely balanced, and the external force is also balanced, so the differential is automatically balanced by force.

Compared with the existing conventional automobile differential, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. Compact structure, small axial and radial dimensions, small volume and lighter weight

The present invention adopts the system of "external gear inner center wheel-rolling block-two-phase outer cam" system to replace the planetary gear system of traditional automobile differential, and the axial and radial dimensions of the transmission device are all small, so the present invention is inferior The gearbox is compact in structure, small in size and light in weight.

2. Large coincidence degree and high carrying capacity

In the present invention, multiple pairs of teeth are meshed simultaneously between the rolling block and the outer cam profile of the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft, the inner gear tooth profile of the outer gear inner center wheel, and the left half shaft frame, and a maximum of 50% of the rolling can be achieved. The block feeder participates in the meshing work at the same time, with a high degree of overlap and a high load-carrying capacity, which can realize high-power, high-torque differential transmission.

3. High transmission efficiency

The rolling block forms a pure rolling engagement pair with the left half shaft frame, the inner center wheel of the outer teeth, and the two-phase outer cams of the right half shaft, so the transmission efficiency of the differential gear of the present invention is high.

4. Good manufacturability and low production cost

Most of the parts in the differential gear of the present invention are circular, simple in shape, easier to process than bevel gears in the planetary gear system, good in manufacturability and low in production cost.

5. Balanced force, stable operation

The shape of the two-phase outer cam on the right half shaft is 180°central symmetric, its own mass is completely balanced, and the external force is also balanced, so the differential is automatically balanced under force and runs smoothly.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments. However, it should be pointed out that the specific implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the forms described in the following examples, and those skilled in the art can easily design other specific implementation modes without paying creative efforts. Therefore, the examples of specific implementations given below should not be understood as the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is limited to the given examples.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an internal gear-driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential;

Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the external gear inner center wheel;

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the two-phase outer cam of the right half shaft;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the left axle frame;

Fig. 7 is the assembly diagram of rolling into block;

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of support block;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the differential transmission of the internal gear-driven rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential;

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship between the wheels and the differential when the car turns left.

The identification objects of the symbols in the above drawings are: 1. the inner center wheel with external teeth; 2. the left half shaft frame; 3. tapered roller bearing; 4. the right half shell; ; 7 deep groove ball bearings; 8 screws; 9 deep groove ball bearings; 10 the active straight bevel gear of the main reducer; 11 sleeve gasket; 12 deep groove ball bearings; 13 left rear wheels; 14 right rear wheels; 15 Bracket block; 16 pin shafts; 17 needle rollers; 18 needle roller sleeves.

specific embodiment

The internal gear drive rolling block type dual-phase external cam automobile differential shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 8 is mainly composed of the external gear inner center wheel (1), the left axle frame (2), the tapered roller bearing (3), Right half shell (4), rolling block (5), right half shaft two-phase outer cam (6), deep groove ball bearing (7), screw (8), deep groove ball bearing (9), sleeve gasket (11), composed of deep groove ball bearings (12), characterized in that: the planetary gear system of the traditional automobile differential is abandoned, and replaced by "external tooth inner center wheel-rolling block-two-phase outer cam" system, the system mainly includes the outer gear inner center wheel (1), the left half shaft frame (2), the rolling block (5), the right half shaft two-phase outer cam (6), and the differential speed is realized by this system, and the differential speed is formed. Gear mechanism; the outside of the external tooth inner center wheel (1) is a straight-toothed bevel gear, and the inside is an internal gear with multiple protruding parts. The number of teeth is denoted as Z ₁ , so the external tooth inner center wheel (1) is not only a bevel gear of the main reducer, but also a component of the differential mechanism. The outer tooth inner center wheel (1) connects the final reducer and the differential The gearbox is organically integrated, and the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) and the right half shell (4) are fixedly connected by screws (8) to form a whole and are supported on the frame by a pair of tapered roller bearings (3); The left end of the left axle frame (2) is the left axle, and the left axle frame (2) is fixedly connected with the left rear wheel (13) through the left axle axle, and the right end of the left axle frame (2) is a sleeve structure, The sleeve structure is installed in the internal gear of the external tooth inner center wheel (1), and there are Z ₂ radial guide grooves along the circumference of the sleeve structure, and the rolling block (5) is housed in the guide grooves, and the left axle frame ( 2) It is supported by a pair of deep groove ball bearings (12) in the inner center wheel (1) of the external teeth; the above-mentioned rolling block (5) is composed of a bracket block (15), a pin (16), a needle roller (17), a needle roller The sleeve (18) is composed of two ends of the pin (16) and the holes on both sides of the bracket block (15) are tightly fitted, and the four needle roller sleeves (18) are all supported by the pin (16) and passed through the rollers. The needle (17) and the support block (15) form a rolling connection relationship; the internal gear tooth profile curve of the external tooth inner center wheel (1) is rolled into the block (5) on the one hand with the rotation of the left axle frame (2), and the other On the other hand, in the process of moving in the radial guide groove of the left axle frame (2), the envelope of a series of positions of the needle roller sleeve (18) at its outer end; the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right axle shaft is Two-phase external cam, the shape of the two-phase external cam is 180-degree central symmetry, and its own mass is completely balanced. The phase outer cam (6) is embedded in the sleeve structure of the left axle frame (2), the right end of the right axle two-phase outer cam (6) is the right axle, and the right axle two-phase outer cam (6) passes through The right half shaft is fixedly connected with the right rear wheel (14), the left end of the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right half shaft is supported in the left half axle frame (2) through the deep groove ball bearing (9), and the right end passes through the deep groove ball bearing (9). The groove ball bearing (7) is supported in the right half shell (4); the two needle bushes in the middle of the rolling block (5) (18) can roll radially on the inner wall of the radial guide groove of the sleeve structure of the left axle frame (2), so that a rolling connection is formed between the rolling block (5) and the left axle frame (2), and the rolling The needle roller sleeves (18) at both ends of the feed block (5) are meshed with the internal gear tooth profile of the external tooth inner center wheel (1) and the external cam profile of the two-phase external cam (6) of the right half shaft respectively to form a rolling wheel. High pair; the difference between the number of teeth Z ₁ of the external tooth inner center wheel (1) and the number Z ₂ of the rolling block (5) is 2.

The working principle of the differential in the present invention is: when the driven bevel gear of the main reducer, that is, the external tooth inner center wheel (1) is driven and rotates at a constant angular velocity, due to the inner gear of the outer tooth inner center wheel (1) Generate a thrust on the rolling block (5), forcing the rolling block (5) to move in the radial guide groove of the left half shaft frame (2) and push the left half shaft frame (2) to rotate, at the same time through the rolling block (5) ) is in contact with the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right half-shaft and also promotes the rotation of the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right half-shaft, thereby forming a two-degree-of-freedom differential system, the left half-shaft frame (2) and the right half-shaft Motion and power on the shaft two-phase outer cam (6) then pass to the left and right rear wheels that are fixedly connected with it respectively. The right axle two-phase outer cam (6) and the left axle frame (2) rotate respectively under the effect of driving force, but their respective motion states are uncertain, determined by the different road surfaces and curve conditions of the left and right wheels. When the automobile runs straight on a straight road, and the wheels on the left axle frame (2) and the wheels on the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right axle shaft have no rotational speed difference, the left axle axle frame (2) and the right axle axle two The rotating speed of phase outer cam (6) is identical, promptly differential gear does not have differential speed effect. At this time, the components in the differential remain relatively stationary, and the torque is input from the outer gear inner center wheel (1), and is evenly transmitted to the left half shaft frame (2) and the right half shaft through the rolling block (5). cam (6). When the car is turning or driving on an uneven road, and there is a speed difference between the left and right wheels at the back, the rolling block (5) is driven by the outer gear inner center wheel (1), and on the one hand drives the left axle frame (2) and the right axle frame The shaft two-phase outer cam (6) rotates, and on the other hand, it moves radially in the radial guide groove of the left half-shaft frame (2) while rotating with the left half-shaft frame (2), so as to ensure that the left half-shaft frame (2) ) and the right half-shaft two-phase outer cam (6) can realize the differential speed without breaking away from the transmission. And due to the effect of the torque produced by the rolling block (5) on the left side axle frame (2) and the two-phase outer cam (6) of the right half shaft, the drive wheel with a slow speed can be driven faster than the speed. greater wheel torque.

In order to illustrate the differential speed characteristic of the differential gear of the present invention, assume that the rotational speeds of the left and right wheels behind the automobile are respectively n ₂ and n ₆ , and the rotational speed of the outer gear inner center wheel (1) is n ₁ , then it can be obtained from Fig. 9:

In the formula, Z ₂ —the number of rolling blocks (5); Z ₁ —the number of teeth of the inner center wheel (1) with outer teeth.

If the car is going to turn left, the axes of the two front wheels of the car and the axes of the two rear wheels of the car meet at point P under the action of the steering mechanism (Fig. 10), and the whole car can be regarded as turning around point P . Under the condition that the wheels and the ground do not slip, the rotational speed of the two rear wheels should be proportional to the radius of the curve, as can be obtained from Figure 10:

In the formula, r—the average radius of the curve; L—half of the rear track.

Simultaneously solve formula (1) and formula (2), get:

Under certain vehicle parameters and driving conditions, n ₁ , Z ₁ , Z ₂ , and L are all known. Therefore, n ₂ and n ₆ only vary with the turning radius r. Therefore, the differential device of the present invention has a differential function, and a vehicle equipped with the differential device can pass through curves with any radius.

The present invention can be widely applied to all wheeled vehicles that need a differential, such as automobiles, engineering vehicles and the like.

Claims (3)

1. internal tooth wheel drive rolls into block formula two-phase external cam automobile differential, mainly by centre wheel in external tooth (1), left half axle frame (2), taper roll bearing (3), right half-shell (4), roll into block (5), right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6), deep groove ball bearing (7), spiral shell Follow closely (8), deep groove ball bearing (9), sleeve pad (11), deep groove ball bearing (12) composition, it is characterised in that：Orthodox car is abandoned The planetary gear system of differential mechanism, instead " centre wheel --- rolling into block --- two-phase external cam in external tooth " system, the system Mainly include centre wheel (1), left half axle frame (2) in external tooth, roll into block (5), right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6), it is real with this system Existing differential, forms differential mechanism；The outside of centre wheel (1) is that spur bevel gear, inside are that have multiple protrusions in external tooth Partial internal gear, the number of its projection are referred to as the number of teeth of centre wheel in external tooth (1), are designated as Z₁, therefore centre wheel in external tooth (1) be both main reducing gear a bevel gear, be a component in differential mechanism again, centre wheel (1) subtracts master in external tooth Fast device and differential mechanism are organically integrated, and centre wheel (1) is fixedly connected into one with right half-shell (4) by screw (8) in external tooth Individual entirety is simultaneously supported in frame by a pair of taper roll bearings (3)；The left end of left half axle frame (2) is left half axle, left half axle frame (2) mutually connected firmly by left half axle and left side rear wheel (13), the right-hand member of left half axle frame (2) is tube-in-tube structure, and the tube-in-tube structure fills In the internal gear of centre wheel in external tooth (1), Z is circumferentially provided with along the tube-in-tube structure₂Individual radial direction guide groove, the guide groove is built with rolling into Block (5), left half axle frame (2) are supported in centre wheel in external tooth (1) by a pair of deep groove ball bearings (12)；It is above-mentioned roll into block (5) by Backbone block (15), pin (16), needle roller (17), needle roller sleeve (18) composition, sell the both ends of (16) and the hole of backbone block (15) both sides Between be tight fit, four needle roller sleeves (18) support by pin (16) and pass through needle roller (17) and rolled with backbone block (15) composition Dynamic connecting relation；The internal gear tooth curve of centre wheel (1) is to roll into block (5) on the one hand to rotate with left half axle frame (2) in external tooth, On the other hand it is a series of residing for its outer end needle roller sleeve (18) again in the radial direction guide groove of left half axle frame (2) during movement The envelope of position；Right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6) is two-phase external cam, and the two-phase external cam own form is in 180 degree center Symmetrically, sole mass complete equipilibrium, its contour curve are standard ellipse curve, or are two-phase cosine curve, or are double off-centre operations Curved line, right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6) are embedded in the tube-in-tube structure of left half axle frame (2), right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6) Right-hand member is right axle shaft, together with right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6) is connected firmly by right axle shaft with the right rear wheel (14), right axle shaft two The left end of phase external cam (6) is supported within left half axle frame (2) by deep groove ball bearing (9), and right-hand member passes through deep groove ball bearing (7) It is supported within right half-shell (4)；The needle roller sleeve (18) of centre two for rolling into block (5) can be in the tube-in-tube structure of left half axle frame (2) Radial direction guide groove inwall on radially roll so that roll between block (5) and left half axle frame (2) form roll couple, roll into The internal gear tooth of the needle roller sleeve (18) at block (5) both ends and centre wheel (1) in external tooth and right axle shaft two-phase external cam (6) it is outer Cam contour be meshed respectively it is each composition one rolling higher pair；The tooth number Z of centre wheel (1) in external tooth₁With the number for rolling into block (5) Z₂Difference be 2.

2. internal tooth wheel drive according to claim 1 rolls into block formula two-phase external cam automobile differential, it is characterised in that：Rolling Enter same between the internal gear tooth and left half axle frame of centre wheel in block and the external cam profile and external tooth of right axle shaft two-phase external cam The multipair tooth engagements of Shi Shixian, the block that rolls into that can have up to 50% simultaneously participate in joggleword, and registration is high, and bearing capacity is high, High-power, high pulling torque differential gearing can be achieved.

3. internal tooth wheel drive according to claim 1 rolls into block formula two-phase external cam automobile differential, it is characterised in that：Rolling Enter block between centre wheel, right axle shaft two-phase external cam being that pure rolling friction couples in left half axle frame, external tooth, therefore the present invention is poor The transmission efficiency of fast device.