CN105208944B

CN105208944B - General acetabular bone guiding piece and associated apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN105208944B
Application number: CN201480027016.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: C·伊阿什
Original assignee: Special Single Liability Co That Is Constructed With Of Bai Ou Meter
Current assignee: Special Single Liability Co That Is Constructed With Of Bai Ou Meter
Priority date: 2013-03-13
Filing date: 2014-03-11
Publication date: 2018-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 2034-03-11
Also published as: WO2014164864A1; EP2967596B1; EP2967596A1; CA2906420C; US10376270B2; US20180078265A1; AU2014248931A1; CA2906420A1; CN105208944A; US20140276870A1; US9498233B2; AU2014248931B2

Abstract

Provide a kind of plastic operation device, including available for the acetabular bone for preparing patient to receive the patient-specific acetabular guiding piece of Cotyloid implant.The acetabular bone guiding piece has body, and the body has the exterior three dimensional surface of the acetabular bone in the buttocks joint for being configured to match particular patient, and the acetabular bone is the design data using patient's buttocks joint.Acetabular bone guiding piece can also include side face ring edge.

Description

General acetabular bone guiding piece and associated apparatus

Technical field

This teaching is related to acetabular bone guiding piece, and in particular to patient-specific guiding piece and various associated apparatuses.

Background technology

In the anatomical structure such as mankind or other zootomy structures, a part may be damaged.Prosthese part can be pacified It is placed in anatomical structure to replace impaired position.This teaching, which is directed to, to be used for the acetabular bone of Cotyloid implant implantation patient to carry out The patient-specific acetabular guiding piece of buttocks joint replacement and associated apparatus.Patient-specific acetabular guiding piece may include to permit Perhaps one in the approach selected using multiple users performs some performed the operation.

The content of the invention

This teaching provides the acetabular bone for being generally used for preparing patient and receives Cotyloid implant such as acetabular cup with edge alignment axis Various apparatuses and method.It can determine to align axis simultaneously using the three-dimensionalreconstruction of patient's relevant anatomy in planning in the preoperative It can determine that and design various patient-specific guiding pieces and other associated apparatuses.For acetabular surgery, reconstruct may include bone Basin or part pelvis, including the acetabular bone of pelvis and Periacetabular region.Three-dimensionalreconstruction can the view data based on treatment target, example Magnetic resonance image data (MRI), computed tomography (CT) image such as prepared using commercially available image software Data, ultrasonic wave and/or X-ray scanning.

This teaching provide such as patient-specific acetabular guiding piece, the acetabular bone guiding piece can be used for prepare patient acetabular bone with Receive Cotyloid implant such as acetabular cup.Acetabular bone guiding piece can have the arch for including side face ring edge and exterior three dimensional surface Body, 3-D view of the arch body based on patient's acetabular bone in the acquisition of preoperative planning period for patient, it is configured to Match the acetabular bone of particular patient.Patient-specific alignment guide can navigate to side face side with permanent attachment and/or removably Edge.Patient-specific alignment guide can have the longitudinal aperture for limiting patient-specific alignment axis, wherein alignment orientation structure Make and guide Cotyloid implant for the preoperative stage in patient for patient.Alignment guide, which has, to be configured to and patient's acetabular bone The patient-specific lower surface that the appropriate section of Periacetabular surface and/or acetabular bone edge surface coordinates.

In certain embodiments, acetabular bone guiding piece may include multiple directed flange spaced apart (also referred to as finger portion or extensions Portion).Each directed flange can extend from the peripheral edge of acetabular bone guiding piece and be attached to the peripheral edge of acetabular bone guiding piece. Each directed flange has the patient-specific lower surface being configured to the selected surface engagement at the acetabular bone edge of patient's acetabular bone.

This teaching additionally provides a kind of method of buttocks joint replacement.This method is included patient-specific acetabular guiding piece Insert patient's acetabular bone.The patient-specific lower surface of the arch body of acetabular bone guiding piece and the concave surface of the respective surfaces of acetabular bone (negative) it is basic to coordinate.Guiding piece may include that the peripheral edge from acetabular bone guiding piece extends and at the acetabular bone edge of acetabular bone A part at least one patient-specific directed flange for extending.

The guiding piece and method include will alignment pin insertion patient through the aperture of patient-specific alignment guide Bone.Patient-specific alignment guide can be removably attached to the peripheral edge of acetabular bone guiding piece.It is patient-specific right Quasi- guiding piece is configured to limit the patient-specific alignment orientation for being used for inserting Cotyloid implant in the preoperative.Methods described includes Acetabular bone guiding piece is removed without removing the pin that aligns, and edge is in substantially parallel relationship to the orientation insertion Cotyloid implant of alignment pin.But Parallel alignment may include the not parallel alignment of selectivity of error and/or user from user or manufacture deviation.

Other fields of the applicability of this teaching will be apparent from description provided below.It should be understood that description and Particular example is merely to illustrate rather than limited the scope of this teaching.

Brief description of the drawings

This teaching can be more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein：

Figure 1A is the plan according to the first visual angle of the guiding piece of each embodiment；

Figure 1B is the plan according to the second visual angle of Figure 1A of each embodiment guiding piece；

Fig. 1 C are the side views of Figure 1A guiding piece；

Fig. 2 is the local environment plan according to Figure 1A being just placed of each embodiment guiding piece；

Fig. 3 A are the local environment plans according to the first visual angle of Figure 1A of each embodiment guiding piece；

Fig. 3 B are the local environment plans according to the second visual angle of Figure 1A of each embodiment guiding piece；

Fig. 4 is the pin guiding piece according to each embodiment；

Fig. 5 A and 5B are the local environment plans for the alignment pin laid using guiding piece and apparatus；

Fig. 6-8 is to utilize guiding piece and the alignment pin that there is the apparatus of apparatus guiding piece to lay according to each embodiment Local environment plan；And

Fig. 9 is the local environment plan for the prosthese being placed in pelvis.

Corresponding reference indicates corresponding part in several views through accompanying drawing.

Embodiment

Following description is only actual example, is in no way intended to limit this teaching, application or use.

It is special that this teaching is generally provided for the patient that joint of the plastic operation for example for buttocks is replaced or finishing is performed the operation Different in nature acetabular bone alignment guide, insert and/or other associated apparatuses.Patient-specific alignment guide and associated Apparatus can the medical scanning based on particular patient using area of computer aided imaging method with it is conventional or with patient-specific implantation Component is used together.

2 months United States Patent (USP) No.8,092,465 and 2012 year authorized 1 day January in 2012 being such as referenced herein by reference , planning stage in the preoperative, can be including doctor described in the U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2012/0226283 submitted for 21st The mechanism of office obtains the imaging data of patient's relevant anatomy.Imaging data may include for example pelvis, buttocks, knee, The detailed scanning of ankle or the region of interest of other joints or patient anatomy.Using MRI, CT, X-Ray, ultrasonic wave or Any other imaging system obtains imaging data.The imaging data obtained can be used for structure joint or the anatomical structure of patient Other positions three-dimensional computer imaging, and for preparing to may include initial preoperative planning prepared by bone or joint, example Such as it is that excision, milling, fraising, reaming and implant selection and installation plan that the patient designed for surgical operation is special Property guiding piece, template, instrument and alignment draft.In addition, the joint of patient and associated bone can be prepared before surgical operation The physical model of bone, visualization and experiment for guiding piece and implant.

By the Object Research Systems from each supplier or developer's such as Montreal, CAN or Various computer aided drawings (CAD) program, application and/or the software that can purchase at ORS can provide for obtaining associated patient Anatomical structure three-dimensional computer-generated image computer model design.Computer model designs program or other application and can constructed With for planning that the planning of preoperative surgical operation, including each bone of planning prepare operation, with select or design/change implant with And the patient-specific guiding piece of design and instrument.Patient-specific guiding piece and instrument may include patient-specific prosthesis structure with And patient-specific instrument, including fraising, reaming, milling, drilling or cutting tool, alignment guide, template and other patients Specific apparatus.

Preoperative planning can be in the form of computer documents or including 3-D graphic file or digital data sets it is any its The form that its computer or numeral represent is stored in any computer-readable storage medium.It is related to interactive software or other application The preoperative planning of the digital form of connection can be via hardware medium, based on network or movement or cloud service or can utilize honeycomb The portable set of network performs.The planning can be supplied to surgeon or other practitioners via various systems or medium Audited.Using interactive software or application, surgeon can audit the planning, and the figure relative to anatomical structure Position as adjusting each image for being implanted into component.Surgeon can change the planning and by amended planning together with building View or change are sent to manufacturer.The interactive review process can be repeated, until final approved planning is sent into life Equipment is produced to prepare real component in kind.In various embodiments, in kind and numeral patient-specific skeleton model, draw Guiding element and apparatus can be supplied to surgeon to be tested and marked in the preoperative.

Surgeon check and approve surgical operation planning after, can according to preoperative surgical operation planning utilization CAD program or its Object the Research Systems or ORS in for example Canadian Montreal of its threedimensional model design software are provided soft Part designs patient-specific implant and related tool, including such as joint for particular patient or other anatomical structure portions Alignment guide, cutting/milling/fraising/reaming or other instruments prepared by the surgical operation of position.It can be light-cured into by various Type method, selective laser sintering, fused glass pellet or other quick forming methods, and/or the machining of computer control To manufacture patient-specific guiding piece and other apparatuses.In certain embodiments, can generate for processing patient-specific guiding The computer instruction of the tool path of part and/or implant is simultaneously stored in tool path data file.The tool path data CNC millings or other automatic machining systems can be fed as input to, can be according to purposes by polymer, ceramics, metal Or instrument and implant described in other suitable material machinings and sterilize.The instrument and implant sterilized can be shipped for Surgeon or medical facility in surgical operation to use.

Patient-specific implant, guiding piece, template, instrument or their part are defined as by for spy in the text Determine the preoperative planning of patient, the graphics according to the anatomical structure that the particular patient rebuild is scanned by the pre-operative image of patient As and build.Patient-specific component be built into closely be bonded and coordinate substantially with the surface of the anatomical structure of patient or Match somebody with somebody.Coordinate or match the typically cavity plate of the corresponding surface portion of such as patient anatomy, concave surface or opposite or minute surface.According to Specific operation, implant and instrument use, and anatomical structure surface may include with or without associated soft tissue such as joint The bone surface of cartilage.The minimum uneven whole of the patient articular surface that does not influence guiding piece placement for example need not be reflected.

As described above, patient-specific alignment guide and implant are typically configured to match the dissection knot of particular patient Structure and the position for only installing/being registered to the respective surfaces of particular patient, because the anatomical features that each patient is unique It can be used as boundary mark, and bootable alignment guide or implant are placed only in a position without image-guidance, trouble in art Guided in person's mark or other arts.It is general to be designed using the computer model based on patient's 3D anatomical structure images to construct and make Patient-specific alignment guide is made, is made up as described above, the alignment guide has of computer approach discussed above Be bonded and connect with the respective surfaces of the 3-D view/model of subjects bones surface (with or without cartilage or other soft tissues) The composition surface touched and matched.

Generally, patient-specific guiding piece has the selected portion of the selection area for the anatomical structure for directly contacting particular patient The outer surface of position.For example, patient-specific guiding piece may include directly to contact patient anatomy (such as spy in appropriate positioning Determine the acetabular bone of patient) about 80% outer surface (such as the outside of acetabular bone guiding piece arch upward surface), include about 90% contact About 98% contact.Therefore, the outer surface of the guiding piece matched with patient can coordinate substantially with the selected position of anatomical structure. It is to be understood that some outer portions of patient-specific guiding piece and patient can not have a substantial exposure, and other positions It is designed to also ensure that contact when other positions (some outer portions) does not contact patient.Therefore, what is matched with patient draws Guiding element can with matched substantially with patient and with or can obtain the position of the contact that quantity is selected with patient.

Patient-specific alignment guide may include the guiding form of one or more customizations, such as guiding aperture or sleeve The guide cylinder of pipe or cannulated guiding extension or jack, the preoperative planning checked and approved according to surgeon, the guiding shape Formula can be used for supporting or guiding other apparatuses such as drill guide, reamer, cutting knife, cutting guiding piece and cutting cushion block, or use In insertion pin or other fasteners.Patient-specific alignment guide can be used for Minimally Invasive Surgery, it can also be used to have multiple micro- Create the operation of otch.U.S. that United States Patent (USP) No.8,092,465, on December 6th, 2011 in mandate on January 10th, 2012 are authorized State patent No.8,070,752, the United States Patent (USP) No.8,133,234 of mandate on March 13rd, 2012, on January 22nd, 2009 are open U.S. publication No.2009/0024131, U.S. publication No.2008/0114370 disclosed in 15 days Mays in 2008,2012 years 10 U.S. publication No.2011/0224674 disclosed in months 30 days United States Patent (USP) No.8,298,237 authorized, 15 days November in 2011, U.S. publication disclosed in U.S. publication No.2011/0184419 disclosed in 28 days July in 2011 and September in 2012 6 days Various alignment guides and preoperative planning operation are disclosed in No.2012/0226283, all these patents and application are all quoted It is described herein by reference.

With reference to figure 1A and 1B, acetabular bone guiding piece 100 is shown.Acetabular bone guiding piece 100 may include and be referenced herein by reference The similar various pieces of acetabular bone guiding piece of the 11 days December in 2012 described in the U.S. Patent application 13/711,306 submitted. As described above, acetabular bone guiding piece 100 may include the outer surface 102 of the anatomical structure of basic matching patient.Generally, outer surface 102 It is formed as coordinating with the anatomical structure of patient such as acetabular bone, to engage acetabular bone so that relative to the acetabular bone for the treatment of target with single Selected position and orientation alignment or positioning acetabular bone guiding piece 100.The figure for the treatment target that can be obtained based on preoperative planning period As design data and form outer surface 102.Except outer surface, one or more directed flanges 110 are formed as from guiding piece 100 Top or peripheral edge 112 stretch out.Directed flange 110 can engage the acetabular bone edge of the acetabular bone of patient, with help relative to Patient's alignment guide 100.In addition, directed flange 110 can help to guide guiding piece 100 relative to acetabular bone, to ensure guiding piece 100 are suitably placed in acetabular bone for performing operation.

In addition, guiding piece 100 may include that U.S. for submitting 11 days December in 2012 being for example referenced herein by reference is special Each additional part disclosed in profit application 13/711,306.In short, each additional part may include through guiding piece The passage or window 114 that 100 surface 102 is formed, to help to observe the part such as acetabular bone of anatomical structure.Except window 114, One or more fixed orifices 116 can be also limited, to help relative to treatment target fixed guide 100.For example, screw can be worn Passage 116 is crossed to help relative to treatment target fixed guide 100.In addition, it may pass through directed flange 110, edge 112 or draw The other parts of guiding element set each passage, to help relative to treatment target fixed guide 100.Pin, hobnail, screw The selected part of guiding piece can be passed through with other elements, guiding piece 100 is fixed to treatment target.It is it is to be understood that each Individual retaining element is not required to help to keep relative to patient or fixed guide 100.As further described in the text, guiding piece 100 relative to patient to the appropriate positioning and fixation of guiding piece 100 will definitely be provided, to position alignment pin.

Guiding piece 100 also includes inner surface 120, and window 114 and passage 116 can also penetrate through the inner surface and formed.In addition, One or more cylinders or setting element 130 and 140 can stretch out from the inner surface of guiding piece 100.Positioning cylinder 130 can be The amplification cylinder of main cylinders or centrally-located cylinder 140.Generally, main cylinders 140 can be from center extension or along guiding piece 100 Central axial line extends, and limits the central alignment axis A of guiding piece 100.Generally, central spine body 140 can be limited to planning During relative to the predetermined alignment axis A for the treatment of target or patient.Generally, further begged in alignment axis A such as texts By available for the position for positioning or ensuring pin guiding piece relative to the acetabular bone or pelvis for positioning the pin 150 that aligns, such as text In it is discussed further.Alignment pin can be drilling pin, puncture pin or appropriate elongated member.Aliging pin 150 can To be formed or positioned along auxiliary axis A1, the auxiliary axis is formed as being basically parallel to the axis A through central pillar 140.Two Individual axis A1 and A ensure to align pin 150 for the predetermined orientation positions of align each apparatus and prosthese in pelvis, such as It is discussed further in text.Alignment pin 150 positions through alignment that is moveable, being hinged or pin guiding piece 160.Pin Guiding piece 160 can be formed by selected material such as metal or metal alloy, with central pillar 140.Guiding piece 100 Remainder as described above substantially can be by being formed as the polymer for the material being easily formed.But due to alignment pin nail 150 Relative to the positioning of pin guiding piece 160, pin guiding piece 160 can resist abrasion and deformation.

Pin guiding piece 160 can be fixed relative to guiding piece 100 via the center guiding aperture formed in arm axle set 162 Position.Arm axle set 162 can rotate with engaging central cylinder 140 and substantially along the direction of arrow 164 around central pillar 140.Pin draws The movement in the pin aperture 166 that guiding element 160 allows to be formed through body 168 substantially along the movement in the direction of arrow 164.Alignment pin Nail 150 may pass through aperture 166.Body 168 may be connected to the first arm 170, and first arm can cooperate with the second arm 172. First arm 170 can be acted or translated relative to the articulated type of the second arm 172 substantially along the direction of arrow 174.For example, the first arm Portion 170 can at least partly be received in the second arm 172 and can be moved relative to the second arm 172.Therefore, body 168 can Rotate relative to central pillar 140 and can also be longitudinallyd translate relative to central pillar 140.Generally, the movement of body 168 also may be used With along or relative to guiding piece 100 edge 112.

According to each embodiment, pin guiding piece 160 can position relative to central aperture cylinder 140 so that guiding axle sleeve 162 align along axis A.Then the first arm-piece 170 and the second arm-piece 172 can be in first limited by the part at edge 112 Extend on guiding surface 180.As discussed further in text, the second guiding surface 182 can also be formed on edge 112.So And pin guiding piece 160 can rotate relative to central pillar 140 and be directed or rest on the first guiding surface 180.Separately Outside, the first or second lead arm 170,172 can translate, to change guiding piece body 168 laterally relative to central pillar 140 Distance.

As discussed further in text, in the preoperative planning period can limit alignment axis A, to help to align each apparatus With implant part.Accordingly it is also possible to the position of central pillar 140 is limited relative to axis A.Pin guiding piece 160 can be formed For there is a relation relative to axis A so that axis A1 is basically parallel to the axis A of guiding piece 100 or the axle with guiding piece 100 Line A is into selected angle.When the pin 150 that aligns passes through the guiding aperture 166 of pin guiding piece 160, the also edge of pin 150 of aliging Axis A1 is navigated in the anatomical structure of patient.

In selected operation, pin guiding piece 160 can be along the first guiding surface 180 and/or the second guiding surface 182 Positioned relative to guiding piece 100.In various embodiments, the first guiding surface 180 can be set for being positioned in front side approach Alignment pin 150 and the implant surgery for further performing acetabular bone.Second guiding surface 182 can be set for posterolateral approach with For identical purpose, such as positioning alignment pin 150 and/or the operation for performing acetabular bone.Therefore, guiding piece 100 is settable uses Performed the operation in performing front side and rear outside.Pin guiding piece 160 can be identical for two kinds of approaches, be passed through wherein carrying The guiding piece body 168 in aperture 166 formed for being positioned for any approach relative to guiding piece 100.But aperture 166 also may be used It is provided for that there is different selected axis A1 for front side approach or posterolateral approach.Due to guiding surface 180 or 182 Interact or because pin guiding piece 160 is around the rotation of central pillar 140, different angles can be caused.

And can be relative to the pelvis 200 for the treatment of target referring additionally to Fig. 2A -3B, guiding piece 100 with continued reference to Figure 1A -1C Positioning, such as be positioned in acetabular bone 202.Guiding piece 100 can also engage acetabular bone edge 204 relative to acetabular bone, relative to help In the positioning of acetabular bone 202 and alignment guide 100.Guiding piece 100 can be used for alignment pin once being positioned relative to acetabular bone 202 Nail 150 is placed in pelvis, to guide operation.

Guiding piece 100 inserts using the insert 220 including shank 222 and guide engagement portion 224.Guide engagement portion 224 can be separately provided or set integral single part with shank 222.However, guide engagement portion 224 can include main body 226, the main body can be limited for receiving the inner openings with engaging central cylinder 140.Finger portion or leg 228 and 230 can be horizontal Extend in shank 222 to engage the second cylinder 130.Two legs 228,230 can be formed to engage the second cylinder in an essentially parallel manner 130.Therefore, insert 220 can engage guiding piece 100 regularly to keep guiding piece 100, while be positioned at pelvis 200 In acetabular bone 202.

Insert 220 can engage guiding piece 100, and guiding piece is positioned in the pelvis 200 of patient.Work as insert When 220 engagement acetabular bone guiding pieces 100 are non-rotatably to fix acetabular bone guiding piece relative to insert 220, insert 220 can be used In ensuring guiding piece 100 relative to the appropriate positioning of anatomical structure and orientation.For example, guiding piece 100 can rotate, to ensure to draw Guiding element is relative to treatment target appropriate alignment and engagement.Therefore, once insert 220 engages guiding piece 100, guiding piece can To rotate, position and move relative to pelvis 200 or otherwise suitably move, to ensure to be appropriately aligned pelvis 200。

Once being positioned in acetabular bone 202, guiding piece 100 can be used for navigating to alignment pin 150 in pelvis 200.Can be with Understand, the anatomical structure of patient can limit each anatomical structure plane, including axial plane (AP) as shown in Figure 3 B, sagittal plane (SP) and Front side facies pelvina (APP).Can pass through includes the positioning alignment pin 150 of pin guiding piece 160 of guiding piece body 168, will Alignment pin 150 is positioned in pelvis 200.

As described above, pin guiding piece 160 can move along each surface 180,182, by alignment guide body 168 It is positioned at select location.The movement of alignment body 168 caused by surgeon can help ensure that alignment pin 150 is positioned at dissection It is used to perform the operation with the pin 150 that keeps aliging in the appropriate solid and fine and close enough position of structure.Although the pin 150 that aligns is along big Body positions parallel to the axis A of the main cylinders 140 of guiding piece 100 axis A1, but pin 150 can position relative to acetabular bone 202 It is suitably fixed relative to acetabular bone 202 to ensure in multiple positions.Therefore, once it is determined that approach and starting, can draw relative to first The shop bolt guiding piece 160 of surface 180 is led with execution front side approach and/or relative to the shop bolt guiding piece of guiding surface 182 160 to perform posterolateral approach.The angle of alignment pin 150 can be kept substantially relative to the central pillar 140 of guiding piece 100, But the translation position of guiding piece body 168 can be set relative to central pillar 140, with locating guide 100.

As described above, with continued reference to Fig. 3 A and 3B and further reference chart 1A-2, once guiding piece 100 is located in trouble Restored to the original state in the acetabular bone 202 of person and in the acetabular bone 202 of patient, alignment pin 150 may pass through pin guiding piece 160 and enter to the marrow Basin 200.But body 168 can be by rotating to be moved relative to guiding piece 100 by means of axle sleeve 162 around main cylinders 140 first It is dynamic, and connected due to the articulated type connection of the first arm 170 from a certain distance from central pillar 140 by articulated type.Therefore, make User can be such that body 168 is rotated around central pillar substantially along the direction of arrow 164, to determine body 168 relative to acetabular bone 202 Position is in selected position.For example, the first arm 170, the second arm 172 or the two arms can be along the corresponding and of surface 180 182 movements, guiding piece body 168 is positioned for front side or rear outside and performed the operation.In addition, can be based on the trouble that user observes Positioning of the anatomical structure of person to body 168 is finely adjusted.Although operation can be planned in advance, user can be based on to dissection Structure is directly visually observed to determine to lay or position the particular location of alignment pin 150.In addition, surgeon is in operation Planning can be changed, this may require or allows to change alignment pin 150 relative to the central pillar 140 of alignment guide 100 Position.In addition, it can select alignment pin 150 being positioned at away from a certain distance of central pillar 140 in surgical procedure.

Surgeon or user can determine that on front side of execution or rear outside is performed the operation in art.Therefore, once surgeon Start operation and for example make initial incision to patient, surgeon can be determined whether to complete operation from front side or posterolateral approach. Therefore, because body 168 aligns along axis A1 with the axis A of central pillar 140, single guiding piece 100 can be formed for allowing Based on front side or posterolateral approach positioning alignment pin 150.

As shown in Figure 3A, the axis A for the central pillar 140 that guiding axle sleeve 162 is positioned on allows the axis of body 168 A1 thus allow align pin 150 axis alignd with central axial line A.Thus, the position of body 168 can be positioned on around center Any place of cylinder 140, while keep the parallel or other of the axis A of the central pillar 140 and axis A1 of body 168 to select Orientation.It is appreciated that the axis A1 of body need not be parallel to the axis A of central pillar 140.For example, the axis of body 168 A1 can be formulated at an angle relative to the axis A of central pillar 140.Can the angle position realization pair based on alignment pin 150 Implant, reamer and other instruments relative to alignment pin 150 positioning selection.

Once body 168 can be driven into pelvis by orientation positions of the user to select, pin 150.Generally, sell Nail 150 may be positioned to close to the edge 204 of acetabular bone 202.Pin 150 can utilize any suitable mechanism such as bore motor 250 It is moved in anatomical structure.Bore motor 250 can be the known drilling electricity of appropriate bore motor such as surgical field Machine.Bore motor may include chuck 252, to engage and drive alignment pin 150 to enter dissection through the aperture 166 of body 168 Structure.

Once pin 150 is positioned in pelvis 200, alignment guide 100 can be removed from pin 150.Pin guiding piece 160 It can be moved along the length of pin 150, pin guiding piece 160 is removed from pin 150 and patient.When alignment guide 100 Not direct when being connected with pin 150, alignment guide 100 can remove along any selected direction.That is, alignment guide Part 100 interconnects via pin guiding piece 160 and pin 150.It is to be understood that pin guiding piece 160 can draw with aliging The remainder of guiding element 100 forms component, such as pivot is formed at central pillar 140, and the pivot forms pin guiding piece 160 Axle sleeve 162.

Except single body 168 as described above, as shown in figure 4, double body pin guiding pieces 160 ' can be provided with single the One arm 170 '.Therefore, body may include the first noumenon 168a and the second body 168b.Two bodies may include what is passed through Aperture 166a and 166b.Each aperture 166a and 166b is formed as being basically parallel to the central axial line A of central pillar 140.So And including separated aperture 166a and 166b double body 168a and 168b can be used in operation relative to the solution of pelvis 200 Cut open structure guiding two alignment pins in fixation and known relation each other.It will therefore be appreciated that can be relative to dissection The the first alignment alignment pin 151 of pin 150 and second of structure setting as shown in Figure 5 B.Pin guiding piece 160 ' may include with it is upper The similar other parts of pin guiding piece 160 described in text.For example, the first arm 170 ' can relative to the second arm 172 ' and The articulated type of Central boss 162 ' connects.Central boss 162 ' may include to be arranged on central pillar 140 to allow pin to guide The central aperture or blind hole 163 that part 160 ' rotates relative to alignment guide 100.

With continued reference to Fig. 1-4 and additional reference Fig. 5 A-6, once remove alignment guide 100, align pin 150 and/or Alignment pin 151 can be positioned and maintained in the anatomical structure of pelvis 200.Then, apparatus such as reamer or insertion handle 300 It can be positioned relative to alignment pin 150, for example be reamed with the more parts of execution operation to acetabular bone 202 and/or plant acetabular bone Enter thing 400 (Fig. 9) to be positioned in the acetabular bone 202 for having reamed or having prepared.

Alignment pin 150 can be that apparatus 300 provides direct alignment, or in alternative, it is one or more second pair Neat pin 310 can position relative to alignment pin 150, to provide the direct alignment of apparatus 300.Second alignment pin 310 can be with Alignment pin 150 is directly connected to, or is interconnected via the second guiding piece 320 with the pin 150 that aligns and is formed as appropriate Elongated member.Second guiding piece 320 may include the through hole 330 through pin 150.Second guiding piece 320 can also include second Alignment pin 310 can be positioned at the second through hole therein or blind hole 340.Second alignment pin 310 can position along axis B, Axis B is planned in advance to be used for along axis B ' alignment apparatuses 300.It is to be understood that if the axis A1 of alignment pin 150 can also It is the alignment axis for apparatus 300, then need not provides only for alignment pin 150 and draw for the direct alignment of apparatus 300 The situation led provides the second alignment pin 310.

Apparatus 300 can align pin 310 and/or the visual alignment of pin 150 that aligns with second, to perform each of operation Part, such as fraising and/or placement acetabular component.Except apparatus 300 and the visual alignment of pin 310 or alternatively, such as of aliging Shown in Fig. 6, physical alignment guiding piece 360 can be also provided.Physical alignment guiding piece 360 may include for example via attachment lasso 362 With the physics of apparatus 300 and substantially rigid attachment.Alignment guide 360 can also include being used to engage alignment pin 310 Groove and/or shoulder or other bonding parts 364.Therefore physical connection can be provided between apparatus 300 and alignment pin 310 Or contact, with ensure apparatus 300 and align pin 310 suitably align.

Engagement shoulder 364 can be set to open wide substantially, to allow apparatus 300 to be moved relative to alignment pin 310.Apparatus pair At least a portion of neat guiding piece 360 halfway around alignment pin 310.That is, can be along the length of alignment pin 310 Axial direction outside direction pull open apparatus alignment guide 360.

But according to each embodiment as shown in Figure 7, it may be provided at alignment lasso 362 and engage the apparatus pair of apparatus 300 Neat guiding piece 380.Alignment guide 380 may include the elongate barrel 384 with hollow center aperture 386.Hollow center aperture 386 can surround the second alignment pin 310.Therefore, alignment guide 380 can typically be gone by axial movement from alignment pin 310 Remove.Alignment pin 310 is laterally maintained in alignment guide 380 all.

The internal diameter of inner openings 386 can relative to second alignment pin 310 external diameter or be dimensioned so as to selected size. For example, the internal diameter in aperture 386 can be substantially equal to the external diameter of the second alignment pin 310.Therefore, once alignment guide 380 with Second alignment pin 310 is contacted or interconnected, and can provide alignment guide 386 relative to the very small movement of pin 310. Therefore, apparatus 300 can keep rigidity substantially relative to alignment pin 310.

As an alternative, inner openings 386 can include the internal diameter larger than the external diameter for the pin 310 that aligns.For example, The internal diameter in aperture 386 can it is bigger by 10% than the external diameter for the pin 310 that aligns, 20%, 50% or selected amount.As an example, The internal diameter in aperture 386 can than align pin 310 about 1 millimeter of external diameter (mm) to about 10mm including about 2mm to about 5mm, also Including about 3mm.

If the internal diameter in aperture 386 is more than the external diameter of alignment pin 310, alignment guide 380 can be relative to alignment pin The transverse shifting in the amount of restriction of nail 310.But transverse direction or lateral movement are guided the limitation of the internal diameter of part 380.Therefore, from pin Nail 310 removes the axial movement for being defined as guiding piece 380 completely.When alignment guide 380 can be relative to alignment pin 310 During transverse shifting, apparatus 300 can also move relative to alignment pin 310.Apparatus 300 relative to alignment pin 310 movement User can be allowed to select to change the operation of strict advance planning.Therefore, user can determine that apparatus 300 is relative in art In the choosing for having smaller change with Yu Xianxuanding and planning the orientation of align pin 150 and/or the pin 310 that aligns of acetabular bone 202 Fixed or appropriate alignment.

According to each embodiment, figure 8 illustrates alignment guide 390.Alignment guide 390 can be with alignment guide 380 is similar, and simply the cylinder at 384 may include one or more annular elements 392 rather than an elongated cylinder.Each annular Part 392 can also limit and the external diameter for the pin 310 that aligns dimensionally related internal diameter 394.Internal diameter 394 is relative to alignment pin The relation of 310 external diameter can be similar to pass of the cylinder 384 with aperture internal diameter 386 relative to the external diameter of alignment pin 310 System.Therefore, do not provide herein and it is discussed in detail.However, annular element can provide limited transverse shifting simultaneously by pin Nail 310 is maintained in annular element.Guiding piece 390 removes completely from pin 310 can be defined in guiding piece 390 relative to pin 310 axial movement.

As described above, alignment guide 390 can interconnect via attachment lasso 392 with apparatus 300.Therefore, according to Each embodiment, alignment guide can be provided for interconnecting or cooperating with the pin 310 and/or 150,151 that aligns, to permit Perhaps alignment of the apparatus 300 relative to each pin is physically determined.

With reference to figure 1A-8 and additional reference Fig. 9, apparatus 300 can be used for reaming and/or laying acetabular component 400.Prosthese 400 It can be positioned in the acetabular bone 202 prepared of pelvis 200.Acetabular component 400 can utilize apparatus 300 by with the pin that aligns 150 and/or 151 and/or 310 align and position.Therefore, as described above, acetabular component 400 can be along the axle of central pillar 140 Line positions parallel to the axis A of central pillar 140.It is to be understood that because pin guiding piece 160 is relative to central pillar 140 positioning, the second guiding piece 320 relative to alignment pin 150 and/or 151 positioning and apparatus via guiding piece 360, 380 and/or 390 relative to alignment pin 310 and/or 150,151 positioning, acetabular component 400 can relative to axis A with appoint What appropriate and previously selected orientation positions.However, alignment guide 100 can be designed and manufactured as in acetabular bone 202 and/or Anatomical structure in edge 240 with patient interacts to prepare acetabular bone 202, to realize acetabular component 400 for particular patient Relative to the predetermined orientation of pelvis 200.

Can be with various combinations and special using various patients based on environment in surgeon's preference or patient and preoperative or art Different in nature guiding piece, the second guiding piece, reamer, guiding piece handle, insert, ram, support meanss, electronic positioning unit and other Apparatus, to prepare acetabular bone and guide and be implanted into Cotyloid implant along the alignment orientation of preoperative determination.In this respect, different embodiment party The instrument and apparatus of the offer redundancy feature of formula can be supplied to surgery to cure with kit format or according to surgical demand It is raw.

For example, above-described adapter can be provided and used in the range of the method described in the text with various combinations With other apparatuses.

The exemplary arrangement discussed above for only disclose and describing this teaching.In addition, it has been expressly contemplated that in the text each The characteristics of between embodiment, element and/or function are mixed and matched, so those of ordinary skill in the art can be out of disclosure The characteristics of one embodiment is recognized in appearance, element and/or function can have become suitably associated to another embodiment, unless having above Opposite description.Furthermore, it is possible to many modifications are carried out to this teaching to adapt to specific position or material without departing from this religion The essential scope led.Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that from these discussion and from drawings and claims, It can be carried out various changes, modifications and variations without departing from this teaching limited in following claim spirit and Scope.

Claims

1. a kind of acetabular bone guiding system for being used near acetabular bone lay alignment pin, including：

Acetabular bone guiding piece, including：

The outer surface of the acetabular bone guiding piece, the outer surface are configured with the several of the acetabular bone for engaging particular patient substantially What shape, and

The central pillar extended from the inner surface of the acetabular bone guiding piece；With

Pin guiding piece, including：

Guiding piece axle sleeve, its is engageable to the central pillar and rotatable relative to the central pillar, and

Guiding piece body, it extends from the guiding piece axle sleeve, is operable with relative to guiding piece axle sleeve movement；

The first arm directly stretched out from the guiding piece body；

The second arm directly extended from guiding piece axle sleeve, first arm and the second arm share longitudinal axis；

Wherein described first arm is configured to relative to second arm along the longitudinal axis longitudinally articulated type action, so that institute Guiding piece body is stated from the selected distance of central pillar movement；Wherein described guiding piece body limits aperture, to allow Alignment pin is stated through guiding piece body and engages the region near the acetabular bone, so as to which the pin guiding piece can be along right The length movement of neat pin is to remove the pin guiding piece, while the pin that aligns keeps connecing with the region near the acetabular bone Close.

2. acetabular bone according to claim 1 guides system, wherein, the pin diameter parallel limited by the aperture is in by institute State the guiding piece axis of central pillar restriction.

3. acetabular bone according to claim 1 guides system, wherein, the guiding piece body includes limiting the of the first aperture One guiding piece body and the second guiding piece body for limiting the second aperture.

4. acetabular bone according to claim 3 guides system, wherein, first aperture is parallel with second aperture；

Wherein, the first guiding piece body and the second guiding piece body are fixed in relation to one another.

5. acetabular bone according to claim 1 guides system, in addition to：

It is configured to pass through the alignment pin in the aperture relative to the central pillar.

6. acetabular bone according to claim 5 guides system, in addition to：

The apparatus guiding piece in apparatus guiding piece aperture is limited, the apparatus guiding piece aperture, which has, is more than the outer of the alignment pin The internal diameter in footpath.

7. acetabular bone according to claim 1 guides system, in addition to：

Top edge, it comprises at least the first supporting part and the second supporting part.

8. system according to claim 7, wherein, first arm is at least partly received in second arm.

9. system according to claim 7, wherein, first arm moves along second arm, to change the guiding The distance of part body and the axle sleeve.

10. system according to claim 9, wherein, the axle sleeve limits at least a portion for receiving the central pillar Blind hole.

11. system according to claim 10, wherein, by the guiding piece diameter parallel that the central pillar limits in The pin axis limited by the aperture in the guiding piece body；

Wherein, the alignment pin pin structure aligns into the pin axis.

12. system according to claim 10, wherein, the axle sleeve rotates around the central pillar, the guiding piece sheet Body at least due to the rotation of the axle sleeve and around the central pillar rotate.

13. system according to claim 7, in addition to：

Apparatus alignment guide, it limits the inner openings with internal diameter.

14. system according to claim 13, in addition to：

It is at least one in the alignment pin or the second alignment pin, wherein, in the alignment pin or the second alignment pin At least one each external diameter with the internal diameter less than the apparatus alignment guide.

15. system according to claim 14, in addition to：

It is configured for attachment to the apparatus of the apparatus alignment guide.

16. a kind of method for forming the acetabular bone guiding system for laying alignment pin near acetabular bone, including：

The geometry of acetabular bone based on particular patient, form the outer bend table with following geometry of acetabular bone guiding piece Face, the geometry match the acetabular bone of particular patient substantially；

Form the central pillar extended from the inner surface of the acetabular bone guiding piece along cylinder long axis；With

Pin guiding piece is formed, the pin guiding piece includes：

The first arm directly stretched out from the guiding piece body；

Wherein described first arm is configured to relative to second arm along the longitudinal axis longitudinally articulated type action, so that institute Guiding piece body is stated from the selected distance of central pillar movement；Wherein described guiding piece body limits aperture, to allow Alignment pin is stated through the aperture of guiding piece body and engages the region near the acetabular bone, so as to which the pin guiding piece can Moved along the length of alignment pin to remove the pin guiding piece, while the pin that aligns is kept and the area near the acetabular bone Domain engages.

17. the method according to claim 11, in addition to：

Form the first flat sides edge of the acetabular bone guiding piece；

Form the second flat sides edge of acetabular bone guiding piece；

Wherein, first flat part is positioned for front side approach operation, after the second flat sides edge is positioned for Lateral approach is performed the operation.

18. the method according to claim 11, in addition to：

Apparatus guiding piece is formed, the apparatus guiding piece limits the center guiding aperture with internal diameter；

The mobile apparatus guiding piece is nailed in alignment pin, wherein, the alignment pin includes the external diameter less than the internal diameter.