CN1051133C - 自撑式可互连模板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于浇灌地基、墙壁等的可互连并一次性使用的模板构件包括一长的薄壁柱形构件,在其本身上有联接构件(2,3),它们与邻近的柱形构件的相应的联接构件合作互连以连接相邻的柱形构件,将混凝土注入互连柱形模板构件内就得到构成墙壁的一排硬化的混凝土柱,这种模板构件可以做成墙的外部表面,亦可从墙上拆掉。
Description
本发明关于浇灌墙壁类结构的自撑式可互连模板构件及上述模板构件的使用方法。
用木门式模板构件来浇灌混凝土或类似的可硬化材料的地基、扶墙、墙壁、路面或屋顶类结构是既费工又费时的。这类门式模板很苯重,必须放在吊车上运输,而且还要系杆,必须做的工作包括将该门式模板搬运、组立、拆开、加油(润滑)和储藏。
而且,用过的方木块和构件要有很多在工厂的处理工作,化费大的运输、费力的竖立及一些综合性的后处理工作。
先有技术还包括:WO-82/04088-A1挪威专利说明书NO.46428;DE-3234489-C2;DE-3003446-C2;DE-OS 2213358;DE-AS 1684357和U.S专利说明书NO.2184714。
WO-82/04088-A1公开了构筑建筑物的方法,其中将一系列构件10彼此叠置和/或以边对边的关系放置,以便作为“原位持留”模板以供浇灌混凝土之用。这些先有技术元件实质上并非自撑式的,而其组立的结构则构成一个传统的、需要使用模板系杆的传统厚壁模板。由于使用系杆而使之在组立该模板时,在工序上显得非常冗杂。
NO-PS 46428关于一种桩坯(Pile blanking),它由中空的可互连部件组成。这类已知桩坯的连接构件的设计,在用作模板时,仅可用来浇灌有间隔的立柱,另外,它不能用来浇灌连续的墙壁,或允许使用水平的或对角线延伸的增强杆的增强作用。然而,在相邻部分或构件之间,从这份专利说明书可以知道,它使用相互合作的联接构件来使它们互相保持啮合。
DE-3234489-C2与上述挪威专利NO-PS46428在很多方面,彼此相似。其也是用以浇灌有间隔的立柱而非用以浇灌连续的壁。
DE-3003446-C2则涉及混凝土的快型模板元件,该元件由碎木料及刨花料经压制制成,也可由其他材料制成。此模板也是厚壁的且不可弯曲,还须对之进行偏置。各元件之间并不存在任何彼此互锁的装置。
DE-OS 2213358关于一种柔性的增强的模板包袋,它不是自撑式的,必须与合适的组立于端部的木料壁联合使用,因此基本呈现出与门式模板同样的缺点。
DE-AS 1684357关于一种柔性的、增强的、非自撑的、分成可互连部分的模板包袋,它可由连接构件相互连接,使之相互保持牢固的啮合。这种先有技术的模板系统不允许浇灌连续的墙,还禁止有布置交叉的增强杆。
US-PS 2184714并不是关于模板,但与浇灌的预增强的混凝土构件有关。当这种混凝土构件或混凝土块用作建筑目的时,在已完工的结构上用锁杆来保持相邻的混凝土块。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种自撑式可互连模板系统,它由自撑式可互连一次性使用的模板构件组成,这些模板构件能相互连接,以构成一块壁式模板,在浇灌时,混凝土或其它可硬化填充材料可在互连模板构件之间自由流动,这样做的结果就成了一个连续的结构,当模板保留(不拆掉)时,该结构就成了包覆模板材料、如塑料的结构。
本发明的目的在于取消或基本限制了先有技术中模板系统的缺点和不足之处。
本发明的目的由设计一种模板构件来达到,这种用于浇灌墙壁类结构的自撑式可互连模板构件具有能产生相互间牢固啮合的连接构件,它主要是柱形、薄壁和最好是柔性的,起码在两个互成一角度的分开的侧面部分上具有开口,连接构件设计并放置成模板构件可以直接放置到紧靠邻近的模板构件上或它们可部分啮合到相邻的构件上。
本发明还关于一种用上述模板构件来浇灌墙壁和其它结构的方法、其中用互连的主要为柱形薄壁和最好为柔性的模板构件建造一种模板,注入混凝土后,就得到构成墙壁的一排硬化的混凝土柱,该模板构件可做成墙的外表面,亦可拆掉。
在优选实施例中,它所准备的条件可适用于最终浇灌的结构具有交叉增强。
按照本发明的基本为柱形的模板构件是互相连接的,它们做成壁式模板,在填充混凝土时,允许混凝土在模板筒内自由流动,这样混凝土硬化时,若干凝固的混凝土柱构成最终的墙。
使用本发明的模板,与普通模板相比,可以少使用绕着增强杆的混凝土,因为水密的模板柱防止水等材料渗漏出来。在浇灌地基时,人们不必使用沿着地基的所谓的地基塑料,还省掉了对系杆后面的孔进行抹灰、灌浆、封孔等工作。
本发明柱形模板构件的最好材料是聚氯乙烯塑料,它具高的冲击强度,厚度大约为1mm,当模板保留时,这种材料还给混凝土结构以很有吸引力的表面涂覆层,当然原则上也不是不能使用具有相应性能和/或厚度硬纸的板材或类似的材料。
由于本模板构件为柱形,所以它很强,尤其抗弯曲。它的截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、多角形(八角的、十六条边的等等),而角部边缘最好是圆的。也可以采用正方形截面形状。
本发明的模板构件在浇灌后可以保留或使用后拆掉它们的外层部分在浇灌后保留模板的情况下,由表面处理的塑料获得优越的模板材料,因而可使浇灌的地基等无须维护。
本发明的模板构件重量很轻,并且具有可以一个堆积在另一个内的弹性,因此,与门式模板相比,它的运输体积和重量大致可减少高达98%。
当浇灌地基时,柱形模板构件一起放在准备好的浇灌基础或直接放到砾石层上。在最终结构需要交叉增强的情况下,增强杆可按要求垂直、水平亦能对角线方向插入,在组立模板期间,增强杆也可用作支撑物。对增强结构件来说,每个模板构件都具有接纳水平的和/或对角线延伸的增强杆的孔,垂直的增强杆通过该模板构件的上端从上部插入,从其上端注入混凝土,然后混凝土硬化,地基就完成了。一个家庭用房的普通地基可以由一个人在一天之内很容易地建好。
另外,与使用门式模板相比,本发明的柱形薄壁式模板构件的模板工作需要很少的挖方工程。
当浇灌扶墙时,人们先挖到防冻深度,然后放置模板构件、联在一起并增强它们。如果需要,即使在混凝土填到该模板内之前,亦可将挖出的泥土填回,靠到该模板构件。不论什么时候扶墙的顶部水平延伸或做成拱形,都可相应地切掉模板构件。
这种形式的模板构件因重量轻及具有自然的弹性,使它们非常容易地进行连接,例如两个模板构件易于垂直连接。当实现这样的连接时,为了移动垂直连接的位置,可以很便利地将每隔一个较低的模板构件伸展到比中间构件较高的点上。
模板材料例如聚氯乙烯塑料,也可以着色。本发明的一次性使用的模板构件很适宜于用作如在码头等水上或水下的浇灌操作。当在水下浇灌时,所有的增强件都能从水面安到模板内,这样,使用潜水员做这种工作就成为不必要了。
综上所述,本发明所提供的一种自撑式可互连模板,包括:多个可互连的、重量轻的模板构件,每个所述模板构件为长条形,基本上为呈柱形构件,所述模板构件为一种薄壁的、具有弹性的和可自撑的构件;具有用以互连所述模板构件的装置;所述模板构件具有设置在至少两个构件部分的开口,所述构件部分在平面上互成角度地移开,所述平面侧向地延伸于所述模板构件的纵向方向上,所述开口定位在由用以互连的所述装置所限定的区域之内,每个所述模板构件在所述构件部分之一上设置以一纵向贯穿的开口;每个所述多个模板构件其截面基本上呈C形;用以互连的所述装置制成具有使彼此可拆卸地相啮合的形状,并定位在所述模板构件上,使得当放置所述模板构件时,可向外封闭所述开口,但向内连接所述开口与所述模板构件的侧壁,以便防止在由所述模板构件内部所限定的相邻腔室之间的漏泄并使之建立连通关系。
下面参照附图精确说明本发明的实施例。
图1和图2是端视图,它们分别表示第一个实施例的标准构件和角构件;
图3是平面视图,表示图1和2实施例的5个互连的模板构件,其中四个是标准构件,一个是角构件;
图4是第二个实施例的两个互连模板构件的端视图;
图5是透视图,表示图4实施例的5个互连的模板构件;
图6表示一种模板构件(图4和5)的侧壁,该构件在互连位置啮合一个相邻构件;
图7是一侧向透视图,表示第三个实施例在互连前的两个模板构件;
图8是一侧向透视图,表示图7中的实施例在互连后的三个模板构件;
图9是顶部平面视图,表示第三个实施例在模板角上的三个互连的模板构件;
图10是透视图,表示图1-3实施例的一个模板构件;
图11是顶视图,表示图1-3和10中表示的这类板构件的各种不同的组合模式。
在图1-3,10和11;图4-6和图7-9的三个实施例中,同样或类似参考数字表示同样或相应的零件。
在第一个实施例,图1-3、10和11中,参考数字1表示长的柱状标准模板构件,而1′表示具有同样的一般设计的角构件。构件1,1′具有开口端。
柱形模板构件1、1′具有基本为八角形的截面,并具有圆角边缘。
标准构件1的两对边上具有与相邻构件互连的连接构件。这些连接构件具有T形凸耳2和相应的T形槽3。图2和11的角构件上在成对相对的边上比如4个边上具有相应的连接构件2′和3′。由凸耳2、2′啮合在槽3、3′内而确保的互连如图3和11所示,似乎还可看到在其它的实施例中,角构件1′可以仅在两边或三边上有连接构件,它们相互成90°角。
在图1-3,10和11的这个实施例中,每个模板构件在其一边具有一个开口4、4′,它可以延伸过该模板构件的整个高度,而在相对于前面的侧边及开口4、4′(如截面中看出的那样)按一定角度(标准构件为180°而角构件为90°)移开的另一侧边具有如图10所示的等间隔的开口6,用来使混凝土流过互连的模板构件1、1′之间。
模板构件1、1′由聚氯乙烯塑料、硬纸板或具有相似性能的材料制成,壁厚可以在1mm的量级。柱形使该模板构件具有高的强度,尤其是弯曲强度,同时,它们又具有弹性。
贯穿的开口4,4′对弹性很有利,在运输时,可把两个或多个模板构件以一件套置另一件之内的方式堆放在一起。
图11表示图1-3和10中实施例的模板构件1、1′的某些组合形式。在本图的最上部示出了三个互连的标准构件1。由于它们具有弹性,故能沿一拱形或成一角度放置。图11的下部表示角构件在纵向和横向的互连情况,由此可以在不增加单个模板构件截面尺寸的情况下加宽模板。
在图4-6所示的实施例中,模板构件1″是圆柱形的,在它的一侧开有与开口4、4′相对应的贯穿的开口4″,这样每个单独的模板构件大约为C形横截面。
模板构件1″的外部具有钩爪型截面形状的凸耳5,用作连接构件。钩爪形连接凸耳5定位和设计成这样,在一个构件1″部分插入相邻构件1″的开口4″内时,相邻构件1″的相邻凸耳可以产生啮合,这样就可得一不可动摇的壁式模板。
在每个模板构件1″位于开口4″相对的壁上开有等间隔的开口6,如图6所示;在这些等间隔的孔之间,放上水平的(和/或对角线的)增强杆7,如图5所示。开口4″、6允许混凝土在构件1″内自由流动。
在图7-9的实施例中,模板构件1在其长度上具有变截面,这是由于连接构件的设计引起的。
在图7中,表示互连前的两个模板构件1。每个这些模板构件1在其相对的两侧开有隔开的开口8,对每个构件1来说,开口8轴向地与对边的开口8错开,这样一个构件的开口8之间的留下部分9可以与相邻构件开口8啮合。它们的互连是由垂直锁杆构件10来固定的。
图9表示模板角,其中角构件1″″与标准构件1稍有不同,即,该角构件在互成90°的两侧具有互连部分8、9。
通过设计连接构件,例如图4和5所示的连接构件,在模板构件灌混凝土后,增强了连接构件5之间的相互啮合。
用本发明的一次性使用的模板构件所进行的实际试验表明,它们尽管是小壁厚、重量轻,但还能承受浇灌时的力。本发明的模板构件还可代替大量使用的普通的门式模板。因此地基和扶墙仅作为本发明在实际应用中的例子,这种模板构件还可用于路面和屋顶。当用来浇灌路面和屋顶时,模板构件的上壁必须开有填充混凝土的空腔。
人们也已设想使用预连接的一组模板构件,其中多套模板构件当连接时,便构成一个模板。
正如前面所述,本发明还提供一种利用在前面说明书中描述的模板构件来浇灌墙壁和其它结构的方法。
Claims (8)
1.一种自撑式可互连模板,包括:
多个可互连的、重量轻的模板构件,每个所述模板构件为长条形,基本上为呈柱形构件,所述模板构件为一种薄壁的、具有弹性的和可自撑的构件;
具有用以互连所述模板构件的装置;
所述模板构件具有设置在至少两个构件部分的开口,所述构件部分在平面上互成角度地移开,所述平面侧向地延伸于所述模板构件的纵向方向上,所述开口定位在由用以互连的所述装置所限定的区域之内,每个所述模板构件在所述构件部分之一上设置以一纵向贯穿的开口,
其特征在于:
每个所述多个模板构件其截面基本上呈C形;
用以互连的所述装置制成具有使彼此可拆卸地相啮合的形状,并定位在所述模板构件上,使得当放置所述模板构件时,可向外封闭所述开口,但向内连接所述开口与所述模板构件的侧壁,以便防止在由所述模板构件内部所限定的相邻腔室之间的漏泄并使之建立连通关系。
2.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:每个所述多个模板构件限定独立的、用以接纳增强杆的开口。
3.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:每个所述多个模板构件具有规则的多边形的截面,且所述开口开在在所述模板构件的两个相对侧面上。
4.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:每个所述多个模板构件具有基本上为圆形截面,且所述开口开在所述模板构件的直径方向上的两个相对的侧面部分上。
5.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:所述模板还具有带有开口的模板角构件,所述模板角构件的开口开在至少两个所述模板角构件的纵向延伸部分,该两个纵向延伸部分在平面上成角度移开,所述平面侧向地延伸在所述模板角构件的纵向方向上。
6.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:每个所述多个模板构件限定一纵向贯穿的开口,其中每个所述多个模板构件基本上具有C形截面,且所述用以互连的装置在紧靠着限定所述纵向贯穿开口的纵向边缘上。
7.按照权利要求1所述的模板,其特征在于:所述开口至少在所述模板构件的一个侧面上只延伸在所述模板构件的一部分纵向长度上,而在所述模板构件的纵向方向上提供以多个所述的开口。
8.按照权利要求4所述的模板,其特征在于:在每个所述模板构件的所述直径方向上的两个相对的侧面的第一部分上的开口相对在第二部分上的相应开口成轴向移开关系,使得放置在所述开口之间的相邻模板构件的部分由用以互连的所述装置可拆卸地与所述模板构件的一个相邻模板构件的开口相啮合,用以互连的所述装置可通过锁杆来锁住,所述锁杆在使用位置上垂直延伸,所述锁杆同时构成增强杆。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO883623A NO883623D0 (no) | 1988-08-15 | 1988-08-15 | System for engangsforskaling av betong. |
NO883623 | 1988-08-15 | ||
NO892844 | 1989-07-10 | ||
NO89892844A NO165605C (no) | 1988-08-15 | 1989-07-10 | Sammenfoeybare forskalingselementer for stoeping av saerlig vegg- eller andre konstruksjoner samt fremgangsmaate til stoeping av det samme. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1040410A CN1040410A (zh) | 1990-03-14 |
CN1051133C true CN1051133C (zh) | 2000-04-05 |
Family
ID=26648107
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN89105511A Expired - Fee Related CN1051133C (zh) | 1988-08-15 | 1989-08-02 | 自撑式可互连模板 |
Country Status (29)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5216863A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0433298B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2899902B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900702154A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1051133C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR246775A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | AT404273B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU634169B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8907759A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1316366C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ473289A3 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE3990874T1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK168829B1 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG18782A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2014860A6 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI910678A0 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2239275B (zh) |
GR (1) | GR1000592B (zh) |
HU (1) | HU209170B (zh) |
IE (1) | IE65244B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX163492B (zh) |
MY (1) | MY104143A (zh) |
NL (1) | NL8920757A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO165605C (zh) |
PT (1) | PT91376B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2032803C1 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE501559C2 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR25620A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990001595A1 (zh) |
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- 1989-07-19 BR BR898907759A patent/BR8907759A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-19 US US07/655,403 patent/US5216863A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-19 NL NL8920757A patent/NL8920757A/nl unknown
- 1989-07-19 WO PCT/NO1989/000074 patent/WO1990001595A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-07-19 DE DE893990874T patent/DE3990874T1/de active Pending
- 1989-07-19 JP JP1508372A patent/JP2899902B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-19 HU HU894788A patent/HU209170B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-19 AU AU40330/89A patent/AU634169B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1989-07-19 DE DE3990874A patent/DE3990874C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-19 EP EP89908884A patent/EP0433298B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-25 IE IE240189A patent/IE65244B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-07-28 MY MYPI89001032A patent/MY104143A/en unknown
- 1989-07-31 AR AR89314545A patent/AR246775A1/es active
- 1989-08-02 CN CN89105511A patent/CN1051133C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1991-02-14 RU SU914894823A patent/RU2032803C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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