CN104944925B - Preparation Technology of Underglaze Red Nixing Pottery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation process of underglaze red nixing pottery. The preparation process comprises the steps of blank preparing, blank forming, blank drying, blank decorating and blank burning, wherein, in the blank decorating, a layer of clear glaze is applied on a dry blank body after describing patterns by using an underglaze red pigment and/or writing characters; the underglaze red pigment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 to 15 parts of copper oxide, 58 to 65 parts of hydrophite, 19 to 25 parts of glass powder and 6 to 9 parts of diabase; the clear glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 79 to 81 parts of glaze stone, 21 to 23 parts of glaze ash and 5 to 8 parts of fluorite. According to the invention, the underglaze red pigment can be directly applied on the blank of the nixing pottery without need of ground glaze, the process is simplified, the finished products are bright-colored, and the glaze is bright.

Description

Preparation Technology of Underglaze Red Nixing Pottery

technical field

The invention relates to a preparation method of pottery, in particular to a preparation process of underglaze red Nixing pottery.

Background technique

The preparation process of Nixing pottery in Qinzhou mainly includes the following steps: 1) Preparation of blanks: The blanks are made of pottery clay materials, and the unique East and West clay in Qinzhou are selected as raw materials. The Dongni is the soil in the area east of the Qinjiang River across the urban area of Qinzhou City, mostly in low-lying areas. The soil is dense and soft, soft clay, yellow-white in color, and contains a small amount of quartz sand. Xini is the soil in the area west of the Qinjiang River across the urban area of Qinzhou City. The storage area is mainly on hillsides. The soil is dense and massive, containing a small amount of K2O, Na2O, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, SiO2, MnO2, It is a kind of purple mudstone with high iron content, the color is purple red, and the surface layer has a small amount of iron impregnation. It is hard clay, and its plasticity and bonding are worse than Dongni. Mix 40-60% of Dongni and 60-40% of Xini, and make blanks by plastic method and grouting method; 2) Forming: use the blanks to make blanks of various types; 3) Trimming: Trim the green body to meet the design requirements; 4) Dry the green body: dry the green body to drain the water from the green body; for example, use indoor drying method, air drying method, sun drying method or other existing and feasible drying methods ; 5) Decorate the green body: use the engraving process to decorate the green body. 6) Firing: Put the decorated body into a kiln, and fire it at 1050-1200°C for 8-10 hours, and leave the kiln after cooling, which is Nixing pottery. The body of Nixing pottery is made of two kinds of clay materials, Dongni and Xini, which are not resistant to high temperature. If the firing temperature exceeds 1200°C, the surface of the body will be cracked or damaged, and even the body will be deformed and collapsed in severe cases.

Underglaze red is a traditional precious glaze. First, a layer of bottom glaze is applied on the porcelain body, and then copper oxide is used as the main colorant to draw patterns on the porcelain body, and then the top glaze is applied. Under a strong reducing atmosphere, divalent copper is reduced to monovalent copper, presenting a beautiful red pattern. The reason why underglaze red needs to apply two layers of glaze is because the surface glaze forms a liquid-phase covering layer at high temperature. This layer of covering layer can prevent the monovalent copper in the pigment from being re-oxidized into divalent copper and avoid the appearance of the glaze. It is green; and the bottom glaze can prevent the direct contact between the color material and the green body. Under high temperature conditions, the sintering of the green body lags behind the glaze. The liquid phase appears, and there are connected pores. The existence of the bottom glaze can prevent the oxidizing atmosphere from penetrating through the green body, and partially oxidize the Cu ₂ O in the color material to CuO, so as to avoid the darkening of the red glaze surface. Therefore, the two layers of glaze lack one No.

Because it is difficult to organically combine underglaze red and Nixing pottery, there is no relevant report on the combination of the two.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a preparation process of underglaze red and Nixing pottery organically combined into glazed red Nixing pottery. This process can directly apply coloring material on the green body without applying inner glaze , the finished product has bright color and bright glaze.

The technical solution provided by the invention is a preparation process of underglaze red Nixing pottery, which includes preparing blanks, forming blanks, drying blanks, decorating blanks and firing blanks. The decoration of blanks is done after drying blanks. Apply a layer of transparent glaze after drawing patterns and/or writing characters with underglaze red material; the underglaze red material is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: copper oxide 12-15 parts, water-containing stone 58-65 parts, 19-25 parts of glass powder and 6-9 parts of diabase ore; the transparent glaze is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 79-81 parts of glaze fruit, 21-23 parts of glaze ash and 5-8 parts of fluorite.

In the body decoration process, adding diabase ore to the underglaze red material can reduce the firing temperature of the color material, making it suitable for the firing temperature of the Nixing pottery body; adding a small amount of diabase to the transparent glaze Fluorite can reduce the firing temperature of the transparent glaze, making it compatible with the firing temperature of the Nixing pottery body.

In the process of body decoration, the coloring material is directly applied to the body of Nixing pottery without applying glaze, because the firing temperature of the body of Nixing pottery is much lower than that of the porcelain body. Among them, the green body and the transparent glaze can be sintered simultaneously. When the transparent glaze is fired into a liquid phase, the green body also produces a large amount of liquid phase. There are no communicating pores between the green body and the color material, and the oxidizing atmosphere cannot pass through the green body. The Cu ₂ O in the pigment is partially oxidized to CuO, so that the darkening of the red glaze surface can also be avoided without applying a back glaze, which greatly simplifies the process.

As preferably, the parts by weight of each raw material in the red underglaze material are: 13 parts of copper oxide, 60 parts of hydrous stone, 22 parts of glass powder, and 8 parts of diabase ore; the parts by weight of each raw material in the transparent glaze are : 80 parts of glaze fruit, 22 parts of glaze ash, 6 parts of fluorite. Using the above-mentioned pigments and glazes can make the hair color more vivid and the glaze surface more bright.

The firing of the above-mentioned green body is to send the decorated green body into the kiln, and gradually increase the temperature. Raise the temperature by 100-150°C to 800-900°C. At this temperature, put in kiln materials and close the kiln pores, and then increase the temperature by 80-100°C per hour to 1050-1150 ℃, at this temperature and continue firing at this temperature for 1 to 1.5 hours, and then leave the kiln after cooling to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

In the process of green body firing, it is divided into three-stage firing. In the initial stage of firing, the temperature is raised to 500-600°C at a rate of 30-80°C per hour. The heating rate at this stage is relatively low. , mainly to slow down the dehydration of clay minerals, thereby slowing down the shrinkage of the green body and preventing the cracking of the green body; in the middle stage of firing, the temperature is raised to 800-900°C at a rate of 100-150°C per hour. The heating rate is faster, because the moisture in the green body is basically eliminated at this stage, and the increased speed will not cause the green body to crack; in the later stage of sintering, the temperature rises at a rate of 80-100 °C per hour to 1050-1150 °C. stage, the kiln changes from an oxidizing atmosphere to a strong reducing atmosphere, CuO is easy to diffuse and is in a dispersed state at this stage, which is conducive to the reduction to Cu ₂ O, and at the same time, highly active Cu ₂ O molecules are easy to aggregate into copper micelles, so the color development is good , Since the firing temperature is only 1050-1150°C, it avoids the phenomenon of redness caused by severe volatilization of CuO at high temperature.

Preferably, the firing of the green body is to send the decorated green body into the kiln, and gradually increase the temperature. First, the temperature is raised to 550° C. at a rate of 50° C. Increase the temperature by 125°C to 850°C. At this temperature, put in kiln materials and close the kiln air holes, and then increase the temperature by 90°C per hour to 1050°C. At this temperature and Continue firing at this temperature for 1 hour, and leave the kiln after cooling to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

The amount of the above-mentioned kiln-changing materials is 1-2 kg per cubic meter of kiln space. The above-mentioned kiln-changing materials are pine branches, turpentine or sawdust.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) In the present invention, the underglaze red and Nixing pottery are organically combined, and the sintering temperature of the underglaze red material and the surface glaze is reduced to realize synchronous sintering with the Nixing pottery, and the fired underglaze red Nixing pottery is simple and lively Without losing composure.

2) This process can directly apply coloring materials on the body of Nixing pottery without applying glaze, which simplifies the process, and the finished product is bright in color and bright in glaze.

3) The present invention is divided into three-stage firing, which is not easy to be fired and cracked, and the red glaze is purple in tone, and there is no phenomenon of redness.

detailed description

The following specific examples further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

Example 1

1) Preparing billets: 60kg of Dongni and 40kg of Xini are made into billets;

2) Body forming: making the blank into various types of green bodies;

3) drying the green body;

4) Body decoration: After drawing patterns and/or writing characters on the dry body, apply a layer of transparent glaze with underglaze red material; the underglaze red material is made of raw materials: copper oxide 12kg, water-containing stone 58kg , glass powder 19kg and diabase ore 6kg; the transparent glaze is made of raw materials: glaze fruit 79kg, glaze ash 21kg and fluorite 5kg;

5) Firing green bodies: send 100 decorated green bodies into the kiln, gradually increase the temperature, first raise the temperature to 500°C at a rate of 30°C per hour, and then increase the temperature at a rate of 30°C per hour. Increase the temperature up to 800°C with a heating rate of 100°C. At this temperature, put 1kg of pine branches into the kiln according to the ratio of 1kg of pine branches per cubic meter of kiln space and close the kiln pores, and then raise the temperature by 80°C per hour. The heating rate is increased to 1050° C., and the firing is continued at this temperature for 1 hour, and then it is cooled and then taken out of the kiln to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

According to the statistics, there are 92 intact underglaze red Nixing pottery, of which 89 have bright hair color, bright glaze surface and no redness.

Example 2

1) Preparing billets: 60kg of Dongni and 40kg of Xini are made into billets;

2) Body forming: making the blank into various types of green bodies;

3) drying the green body;

4) Body decoration: After drawing patterns and/or writing characters on the dried body, apply a layer of transparent glaze with underglaze red material; the underglaze red material is made of raw materials: copper oxide 15kg, water-containing stone 65kg , glass powder 25kg and diabase ore 9kg; the transparent glaze is made of raw materials: glaze fruit 81kg, glaze ash 23kg and fluorite 8kg;

5) Firing the green body: send the decorated green body into the kiln, and gradually increase the temperature, first raise the temperature to 600°C at a rate of 80°C per hour, and then increase the temperature by 150°C per hour. The heating rate of ℃ raises the temperature to 900 ℃. At this temperature, put 2 kg of rosin into the kiln according to the ratio of 2 kg of rosin per cubic meter of kiln space and close the kiln pores, and then increase the temperature by 100 ℃ per hour. The speed is raised to 1150° C., and the firing is continued at this temperature for 1.5 hours, and after cooling, it is taken out of the kiln to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

According to the statistics, there are 91 intact underglaze red Nixing pottery, of which 85 have bright hair color, bright glaze surface and no redness.

Example 3

1) Preparing billets: 60kg of Dongni and 40kg of Xini are made into billets;

2) Body forming: making the blank into various types of green bodies;

3) drying the green body;

4) Body decoration: After drawing patterns and/or writing characters on the dry body, apply a layer of transparent glaze with underglaze red material; the underglaze red material is made of raw materials: copper oxide 13kg, water-containing stone 60kg , glass powder 22kg and diabase ore 8kg; the transparent glaze is made of raw materials: glaze fruit 80kg, glaze ash 22kg and fluorite 6kg;

5) Firing the green body: send the decorated green body into the kiln, and gradually increase the temperature, first raise the temperature to 550°C at a rate of 50°C per hour, and then raise it to 125°C per hour. The heating rate of ℃ raises the temperature to 850℃. At this temperature, put wood chips into the kiln at a rate of 1.5kg of wood chips per cubic meter of kiln space and close the kiln air holes, and then raise the temperature by 90 ℃ per hour. The heating rate is increased to 1050° C., and the firing is continued at this temperature for 1 hour, and then it is cooled and then taken out of the kiln to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

According to the statistics, there are 95 intact underglaze red Nixing pottery, of which 92 have bright hair color, bright glaze surface and no redness.

Example 4

1) Preparing billets: 60kg of Dongni and 40kg of Xini are made into billets;

2) Body forming: making the blank into various types of green bodies;

3) drying the green body;

4) Body decoration: After drawing patterns and/or writing characters on the dry body, apply a layer of transparent glaze with underglaze red material; the underglaze red material is made of raw materials: copper oxide 12kg, water-containing stone 65kg , glass powder 19kg and diabase ore 9kg; the transparent glaze is made of raw materials: glaze fruit 79kg, glaze ash 23kg and fluorite 5kg;

5) Firing the green body: send the decorated green body into the kiln, gradually increase the temperature, first raise the temperature to 500°C at a rate of 80°C per hour, and then increase it at a rate of 150°C per hour. The heating rate of ℃ raises the temperature to 800 ℃. At this temperature, put pine branches into the kiln according to the ratio of 2kg pine branches per cubic meter of kiln space and close the kiln pores, and then increase the temperature by 80 ℃ per hour. The speed is increased to 1150° C., and the firing is continued at this temperature for 1 hour, and after cooling, it is taken out of the kiln to obtain the underglaze red Nixing pottery of the present invention.

According to the statistics, there are 90 intact underglaze red Nixing pottery, of which 86 have bright hair color, bright glaze surface and no redness.

Claims (6)

1. the preparation technology of under-glaze red Nixing pottery, burns including preparing blank, blank forming, body drying, base substrate decoration and base substrate System it is characterised in that: described base substrate decoration is to be applied with after under-glaze red colorant depicting pattern and/or writing words on dry base substrate With layer of transparent glaze；Described under-glaze red colorant is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 12～15 parts of copper oxide, hydrophite 58～65 Part, 19～25 parts of glass dust and 6～9 parts of diabase ore deposit；Described clear frit is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: glaze fruit 79～81 Part, 21～23 parts of glaze ash and 5～8 parts of fluorite.

2. under-glaze red Nixing pottery according to claim 1 preparation technology it is characterised in that: each in described under-glaze red colorant The weight portion of raw material is: 13 parts of copper oxide, 60 parts of hydrophite, 22 parts of glass dust, 8 parts of diabase ore deposit；Each former in described clear frit The weight portion of material is: 80 parts of glaze fruit, 22 parts of glaze ash, 6 parts of fluorite.

3. under-glaze red Nixing pottery according to claim 1 and 2 preparation technology it is characterised in that: described base substrate is fired and is The base substrate decorated is sent in kiln, temperature is stepped up, first to raise 30～80 DEG C of programming rate per hour by temperature Degree rises to 500～600 DEG C, then to raise 100～150 DEG C of programming rate per hour, temperature is raised to 800～900 DEG C, at this At a temperature of, throw in transmutation material and close kiln pore, then rise to 1050 with the programming rate raising 80～100 DEG C per hour ～1150 DEG C, persistently fire at such a temperature and at such a temperature 1～1.5 hour, kiln discharge after cooling, that is, obtain under-glaze red mud emerging Pottery.

4. under-glaze red Nixing pottery according to claim 3 preparation technology it is characterised in that: it is to fill that described base substrate is fired The base substrate adornd is sent in kiln, and temperature is stepped up, and first to raise 50 DEG C of programming rate per hour, temperature is risen to 550 DEG C, then to raise 125 DEG C of programming rate per hour, temperature is raised to 850 DEG C, at such a temperature, throw in transmutation material and close Kiln pore, then rises to 1050 DEG C with the programming rate raising 90 DEG C per hour, continues at such a temperature and at such a temperature Fire 1 hour, kiln discharge after cooling, that is, obtain under-glaze red Nixing pottery.

5. under-glaze red Nixing pottery according to claim 3 preparation technology it is characterised in that: the input of described transmutation material Measure and throw in 1～2kg for every cubic metre of kiln space.

6. under-glaze red Nixing pottery according to claim 4 preparation technology it is characterised in that: described transmutation material be pine Branch, Colophonium or wood flour.