CN104863634A - Performance detecting method of tunnel fire-fighting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention provides a performance detection method for tunnel fire-fighting facilities, which includes: determining a tunnel fire-fighting performance detection section; setting a fire detection and alarm system, a smoke control system, a personnel evacuation guidance system, and an automatic Fire extinguishing system, and according to the design fire scale corresponding to the different development stages of the detection tunnel, set different test fire sources in the tunnel fire performance detection section; trigger the test fire source, collect fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, and personnel evacuation guidance The fire performance parameters of the system and the automatic fire extinguishing system; and according to the actual fire performance parameters and preset fire performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system, the fire performance test results of the tunnel are obtained. The performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facility of the invention can accurately reflect the fire-fighting safety performance of the tunnel, and provide scientific basis for the design, performance evaluation and debugging of the tunnel fire-fighting facility.

Description

Performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities.

Background technique

In the past ten years, the construction of traffic tunnels in my country has developed rapidly, and a large number of mountain road tunnels, underwater tunnels and urban tunnels have been newly built. As we all know, tunnel fires have the characteristics of large fire scale, fast fire development speed, high smoke toxicity concentration and difficult evacuation of personnel. If the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities does not meet the set requirements, a fire may cause heavy casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to test and evaluate the fire protection performance of tunnels.

There are two main performance testing methods for existing tunnel fire protection facilities:

1. Rely on computer numerical simulation for detection, that is, to simulate a specific fire scene mainly through computational fluid dynamics (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) software, and to evaluate indicators such as wind speed, smoke temperature, and visibility to determine whether the settings are met standard.

2. Establish a reduced-scale experimental platform, and verify the fire safety performance in the tunnel by carrying out model fire experiments. The model experiment requires that the reduced-scale tunnel model must be constructed strictly according to a certain similarity criterion, so as to ensure that the experimental results are applicable to the full-scale tunnel.

However, the above two methods have obvious limitations:

(1) When using computer numerical simulation, it is necessary to make simplified assumptions on the fire source and tunnel boundary conditions, and there will inevitably be errors between the calculation results and the real fire. Therefore, whether the computer numerical simulation results are correct and how much the deviation from the real fire is, these key issues are difficult to judge.

(2) For the reduced-scale model experiment, as the tunnel form becomes increasingly complex, it is difficult for the tunnel model to reflect this complex situation in terms of spatial form. At the same time, the convective heat transfer mechanism in the scale-down experiment can be simulated by using Froude Scaling, but the radiation heat transfer cannot be simulated by this method, so the scale-down experiment cannot evaluate the radiation heat flow in the full-scale tunnel parameters such as density.

Therefore, the existing performance detection methods of tunnel fire protection facilities cannot accurately reflect the fire safety performance of tunnels. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a reliable performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present invention provide a performance detection method of tunnel fire protection facilities that can accurately reflect the fire safety performance of tunnels; to solve the technical problem that the existing performance detection methods of tunnel fire protection facilities cannot accurately reflect the fire safety performance of tunnels.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a performance detection method of a tunnel fire-fighting facility, which includes:

Determining the tunnel fire protection performance detection section; wherein the tunnel fire protection performance detection section includes an area with predetermined tunnel characteristics;

A fire detection and alarm system, a smoke control system, a personnel evacuation guidance system, and an automatic fire extinguishing system are set up in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel, and different test fires are set in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel according to different detection stages. source; wherein the fire detection and alarm system is used to trigger a fire alarm according to the situation of the test fire source; the smoke control system is used to discharge the fire smoke in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel; the personnel evacuation The guidance system is used to instruct personnel to safely evacuate when a fire occurs in the fire protection performance detection section of the tunnel; the automatic fire extinguishing system is linked with the fire detection system to perform automatic fire extinguishing operations;

Triggering the test fire source, collecting fire performance parameters of the fire detection system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the automatic fire extinguishing system; and according to the fire detection system, the smoke The actual fire performance parameters and preset fire performance parameters of the control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the automatic fire extinguishing system are used to obtain the performance detection results of the fire protection facilities of the tunnel.

In the method for detecting the performance of tunnel fire protection facilities according to the present invention, the turning radius of the area with predetermined tunnel characteristics is smaller than a first set value or the tunnel longitudinal gradient is greater than a second set value.

In the performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, the fire-fighting performance parameters of the fire detection system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the automatic fire-extinguishing system include the fire detection system The alarm location and alarm time, the smoke layer shape, smoke layer temperature, smoke layer height, smoke layer spreading speed and the radiation heat flux density at the test fire source detected by the smoke control system, the The starting time of the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the starting time and continuous action time of the automatic fire extinguishing system.

In the performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, the smoke layer temperature is detected by a thermocouple tree arranged around the test fire source; detected by a hot wire anemometer arranged around the test fire source The spread speed of the smoke layer; the shape of the smoke layer is detected by a laser sheet light meter arranged around the test fire source; the test fire source is detected by a radiation heat flux density meter arranged around the test fire source The radiation heat flux at .

In the performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, the thermocouple tree, the hot wire anemometer, the laser sheet light meter and the radiation heat flux density meter are all treated with waterproofing.

In the performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, according to the different detection stages, the step of setting different test fire sources in the tunnel fire-fighting performance detection section includes:

If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source is less than the third set value, then the test fire source is an alcohol pool fire;

If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source is greater than the third set value, then the test fire source is a diesel pool fire.

In the method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, barriers are arranged above the alcohol pool fire or the diesel pool fire.

In the method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, fire dikes are arranged on both sides of the test fire source, and the height of the fire dikes is greater than 0.1 meters.

In the performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, the length of the tunnel fire-fighting performance detection section is greater than 600 meters.

In the performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention, the start-up time of the personnel evacuation guidance system includes the start-up time of emergency lighting, the start-up time of fire broadcasting and the start-up time of evacuation indication signs.

Compared with the performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facilities in the prior art, the performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facilities of the present invention collects the fire-fighting performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system, To determine the fire performance test results of the tunnel; solve the technical problem that the existing performance test method of the tunnel fire protection facilities cannot accurately reflect the fire safety performance of the tunnel.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the preferred embodiment of the performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facility of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the position schematic diagram of the setting device of the preferred embodiment of the performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facility of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the barrier in the performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facility of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of the method for detecting the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention.

Detailed ways

Please refer to FIG. 1 . FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention. The performance testing method of the tunnel fire-fighting facility of this preferred embodiment comprises:

Step S101, determining the tunnel fire protection performance detection section, wherein the tunnel fire protection performance detection section includes an area with predetermined tunnel characteristics;

Step S102, setting up a fire detection and alarm system, a smoke control system, a personnel evacuation guidance system, and an automatic fire extinguishing system in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section, and setting different detection fire sources in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section according to different detection stages ;

Step S103, triggering the test of the fire source, collecting the fire performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system;

Step S104, according to the fire protection performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system and the preset fire protection performance parameters, the fire performance detection results of the tunnel are obtained.

The specific flow of each step of the performance detection method of the tunnel fire protection facility in this preferred embodiment will be described in detail below.

In step S101, firstly, a tunnel fire protection performance detection section is set, that is, tunnel fire protection performance detection is performed in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section. In order to ensure the accuracy of fire protection performance detection, the length of the tunnel fire performance detection section should be greater than 600 meters. The tunnel fire protection performance detection section includes an area with predetermined tunnel characteristics, such as that the turning radius in the area is smaller than the first set value (that is, a sharp turn) or the longitudinal slope of the tunnel in the area is greater than the second setting Values (that is, high slope), etc., areas with the above-mentioned predetermined tunnel characteristics are more prone to tunnel accidents than other areas, so the above-mentioned areas are selected as the tunnel fire performance detection area to better reflect the fire performance level of the tunnel. Then go to step S102.

In step S102, a fire detection and alarm system, a smoke control system, a personnel evacuation guidance system, and an automatic fire extinguishing system are set in the tunnel fire performance detection section determined in step S101; The fire alarm is triggered by the situation; the smoke control system is used to discharge the fire smoke in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel; the personnel evacuation guidance system is used to indicate the evacuation channel and evacuation direction; the automatic fire extinguishing system is used to detect and test the fire source 25, and carry out fire extinguishing operations. And according to the different detection stages, different test fire sources 25 are set in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section, specifically:

If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source 25 is less than the set value, that is, the initial fire with less power of the simulated fire source, then the test fire source 25 can be set as an alcohol pool fire. When the alcohol pool fire burns, the heat is low, and the combustion products have no obvious soot particles. During specific operations, tracers can be added near the fire source to observe and record the characteristics of smoke spread.

If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source 25 is greater than the set value, that is, to simulate a fire in a fully developed period with relatively large power of the fire source, the test fire source 25 can be set as a diesel pool fire. When the diesel pool fire burns, the heat is higher and the smoke production is also larger. During the specific operation, a small amount of gasoline can be added to the diesel pool to help ignite the fire source of the test.

Due to the need to test the performance of the automatic fire extinguishing system, a barrier 26 can be set above the alcohol pool fire or the diesel pool fire to better simulate the automobile fire source (the car body in the automobile fire source plays a certain shielding effect), so that the automatic fire extinguishing system can automatically The fire suppression system is not easy to act directly on the test fire source25. As shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of barriers in the method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention. The barrier 26 is made of non-combustible material, its size is consistent with the simulated car type, and openings 27 are provided on its opposite sides for simulating car windows. Simultaneously because above-mentioned test fire source 25 is all liquid fuel fire source, in order to prevent the generation of flowing burning situation in the test process, fire dike can be set on the tunnel road surface of test fire source 25 both sides, and the height of this fire dike is greater than 0.1 meter , and the material of the fire embankment is non-combustible material.

Preferably, in order to facilitate the observation and recording of the testing process, a fire control room can also be set in the tunnel fire performance testing section or at both ends, so as to monitor and record the testing process.

The following describes in detail how to set up fire detection and alarm systems, smoke control systems, personnel evacuation guidance systems and automatic fire extinguishing systems in the tunnel fire performance testing section. Please refer to FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the position of the setting device of the preferred embodiment of the method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention. Among them, the fire detection and alarm system triggers the fire alarm through the alarm location and alarm time; the smoke control system uses the shape of the smoke layer, the temperature of the smoke layer, the height of the smoke layer, the moving speed of the smoke layer and the radiation heat flux density at the fire source. To reflect the smoke control effect in the tunnel fire performance detection section; the personnel evacuation guidance system detects the indication of the evacuation passage through the start time; the automatic fire extinguishing system detects the fire source 25 and the fire extinguishing operation through the start time and duration Condition.

Wherein, the smoke layer temperature is detected by the thermocouple tree 21 arranged around the test fire source 25. The thermocouple tree 21 can be arranged on the top and upstream and downstream of the test fire source 25, and temperature collection can be carried out by a plurality of temperature acquisition modules. And use communication cables for parallel connection, and display and store the collection results through the detection terminal.

Detect smoke layer spreading speed by the hot wire anemometer 22 that is arranged around test fire source 25, this hot wire anemometer 22 also can be arranged on the upstream and downstream of test fire source 25, each wind speed measurement tree (has a plurality of hot wire wind speed on it) At least three test points can be set on the instrument 22) to obtain the average wind speed at the section, and the test results are also sent to the test terminal for display and storage through the communication cable.

The shape of the smoke layer is detected by the laser sheet light meter 23 arranged around the test fire source 25 . The laser sheet photometer 23 can be arranged upstream and downstream of the test fire source 25, and record data in combination with the vertical scale in the middle of the tunnel and the vertical scale on the side wall of the tunnel. Wherein the power of the laser sheet light meter 23 should be greater than 300 milliwatts, and the light source is green light with a wavelength of 532 nanometers. During the detection process, the normal lighting in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section is turned off, and the camera is used to record the smoke layer morphology under the irradiation of the laser sheet light meter 23 .

For the smoke control system using the centralized smoke exhaust method, it is also necessary to observe whether the smoke exhaust and supplementary air modes are correct, measure the wind speed of the smoke exhaust outlet and supplementary air outlet, and record the range of smoke spread along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

The radiation heat flux density at the test fire source is detected by the radiation heat flux density meter 24 arranged around the test fire source 25 . The radiation heat flux density meter 24 can be set at 5 meters upstream of the test fire source, the setting height is preferably 2 meters, and the sensor is collected in the direction of the test fire source 25 .

Obtain the start-up time of the personnel evacuation guidance system in the tunnel fire protection performance detection section through direct observation and recording, such as the start-up time of emergency lighting, fire broadcasting start-up time, evacuation indicator sign start-up time, and the fire detection and alarm system and smoke control system. Linkage situation.

Obtain the starting time and duration of the automatic fire extinguishing system, the linkage with the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system and the fire extinguishing effect through direct observation and recording.

When operating with running water as when extinguishing a fire, the above-mentioned thermocouple tree 21, hot wire anemometer 22, laser sheet light meter 23 and radiation heat flux density meter 24 can all adopt waterproof treatment, so that the impact of fire extinguishing operation on the repeated use of the above-mentioned devices . Then go to step S103.

In step S103, the fire source is triggered to be tested, and the fire performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system are collected. The fire performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, evacuation guidance system and automatic fire extinguishing system include the alarm position and alarm time of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke layer shape and smoke layer corresponding to the smoke control system Temperature, height of smoke layer, speed of smoke spread, radiant heat flux density at 25 test fire sources, activation time of personnel evacuation guidance system, activation time and duration of automatic fire extinguishing system, etc. Then go to step S104.

In step S104, the fire protection performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, personnel evacuation guidance system and automatic fire extinguishing system obtained in step S103 are compared with the preset fire protection performance parameters to obtain the fire performance of the tunnel Test results. If the indicators are unqualified, adjust or reset the relevant fire-fighting facilities, and re-test the tunnel fire-fighting performance.

The detection process of the performance detection method of tunnel fire protection facilities in this preferred embodiment ends at step S104.

Compared with the existing technology, the detection scheme proposed in this preferred embodiment can simulate the environment closest to the real tunnel fire, and can test the fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, personnel evacuation guidance system and automatic fire extinguishing system in the actual tunnel. performance and linkage. At the same time, different test fire sources can be used according to different fire conditions, and the obtained fire performance parameters are more real and reliable.

The specific implementation process of the performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facilities of the present invention will be described below through a specific embodiment. Please refer to FIG. 4 . FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of the method for detecting the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to the present invention. This specific example includes:

Step S401, determine the tunnel fire protection performance detection section; then go to step S402;

Step S402, determine the test fire source, the test fire source can be alcohol pool fire or diesel pool fire; then go to step S403;

Step S403, setting and debugging the fire detection system, smoke control system, personnel evacuation guidance system and automatic fire extinguishing system; then go to step S404;

Step S404, collect the fire performance parameters of the fire detection system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system; then go to step S405;

Step S405, judging whether the test result of the fire performance of the tunnel is qualified, if the test result of the fire performance of the tunnel is qualified, then end and complete the detection process of the tunnel fire performance; if the test result of the fire performance of the tunnel is unqualified, go to step S406;

In step S406, since the fire performance test result of the tunnel is unqualified, the relevant fire protection devices are adjusted and then go to step S403, and the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire extinguishing system are re-set. And re-measure the above-mentioned fire performance parameters for the whole system.

In this way, the detection process of the performance detection method of the tunnel fire protection facility in this specific embodiment is completed.

The performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facilities of the present invention determines the fire-fighting performance detection results of the tunnel by collecting the fire-fighting performance parameters of the fire detection and alarm system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire-extinguishing system; The performance testing method of fire-fighting facilities cannot accurately reflect the technical problems of the fire-fighting safety performance of the tunnel.

In summary, although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, the above preferred embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities, characterized in that, comprising: Determining the tunnel fire protection performance detection section; wherein the tunnel fire protection performance detection section includes an area with predetermined tunnel characteristics; A fire detection and alarm system, a smoke control system, a personnel evacuation guidance system, and an automatic fire extinguishing system are set up in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel, and different test fires are set in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel according to different detection stages. source; wherein the fire detection and alarm system is used to trigger a fire alarm according to the situation of the test fire source; the smoke control system is used to discharge the fire smoke in the fire performance detection section of the tunnel; the personnel evacuation The guidance system is used to instruct personnel to safely evacuate when a fire occurs in the fire protection performance detection section of the tunnel; the automatic fire extinguishing system is linked with the fire detection system to perform automatic fire extinguishing operations; Triggering the test fire source, collecting fire performance parameters of the fire detection system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the automatic fire extinguishing system; and according to the fire detection system, the smoke The actual fire performance parameters and preset fire performance parameters of the control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system, and the automatic fire extinguishing system are used to obtain the performance detection results of the fire protection facilities of the tunnel. 2. The performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that the turning radius of the area with predetermined tunnel characteristics is smaller than the first set value or the tunnel longitudinal slope is greater than the second set value. 3. The performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fire-fighting performance parameters of the fire detection system, the smoke control system, the personnel evacuation guidance system and the automatic fire-extinguishing system Including the alarm location and alarm time of the fire detection system, the shape of the smoke layer detected by the smoke control system, the temperature of the smoke layer, the height of the smoke layer, the spreading speed of the smoke layer, and the temperature at the test fire source. Radiation heat flux density, start time of the personnel evacuation guidance system, and start time and continuous action time of the automatic fire extinguishing system. 4. tunnel fire-fighting facility performance detection method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, detects described flue gas layer temperature by the thermocouple tree that is arranged around described test fire source; By being arranged around described test fire source The hot-wire anemometer detects the spread speed of the smoke layer; the shape of the smoke layer is detected by the laser sheet light meter arranged around the test fire source; the radiation heat flux density meter arranged around the test fire source is detected The radiation heat flux at the test fire source. 5. The performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 4, characterized in that, the thermocouple tree, the hot wire anemometer, the laser sheet light meter and the radiation heat flux density meter all adopt waterproof treatment . 6. The performance detection method of the tunnel fire-fighting facility according to claim 1, characterized in that, according to the difference in the detection stage, the step of setting different test fire sources in the tunnel fire-fighting performance detection section comprises: If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source is less than the third set value, then the test fire source is an alcohol pool fire; If the detection stage is that the power of the test fire source is greater than the third set value, then the test fire source is a diesel pool fire. 7. The performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 6, characterized in that, barriers are arranged above the alcohol pool fire or the diesel pool fire. 8. The method for testing the performance of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 6, characterized in that fire dikes are arranged on both sides of the test fire source, and the height of the fire dikes is greater than 0.1 meters. 9. The performance testing method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the tunnel fire-fighting performance testing section is greater than 600 meters. 10. The performance detection method of tunnel fire-fighting facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, the activation time of the personnel evacuation guidance system includes the activation time of emergency lighting, the activation time of fire broadcasting and the activation time of evacuation indication signs.