CN110838259A - Fire simulation test bed for small-size tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a small-size tunnel fire prevention and control test bench. The small-size tunnel fire prevention and control test bench has simple structure, convenient installation, simple operation, low cost, safety and reliability, and low environmental pollution, and can simulate the fire scene of a real tunnel. High, it can be used to study the combustion behavior and smoke behavior of fire in the tunnel, and it has strong applicability; ceramic fiber fireproof board fireproof material is added inside the main body of the tunnel, and the front side plate is made of fireproof glass, which is sealed and embedded in the glass frame. Open manually, which is equivalent to a manual door. The smoke exhaust port of the top plate is connected to the fan. There is a track on the bottom plate, and a trolley that can move on the track is placed on it. There is a simulated fire source in the middle of the trolley. It is more convenient and safe to study the smoke control and temperature distribution law of tunnel fire.

Description

A small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench.

Background technique

The subway is one of the important infrastructures of modern cities. The subway has gradually become an indispensable means of transportation in the city due to its characteristics of large capacity, high speed, low pollution, high efficiency, comfort and space saving. At present, more than 100 cities in more than 40 countries in the world have built subway and other rail transit systems, with a total line length of nearly 10,000 kilometers. With the rapid development of the subway, subway stations and the interior of the carriages have become crowded public places, and their safety issues have also received great attention from people. In the event of a fire, explosion, terrorist attack or other disaster accident in the subway system, it will cause huge casualties and property losses. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, it is difficult for internal personnel to evacuate in a closed and long space, and it is relatively difficult for external rescue forces to enter. The accumulated high-temperature flue gas may cause damage to the tunnel structure or even collapse, and the fire flue gas spreads along the tunnel. Therefore, flue gas control and temperature distribution law during tunnel fire have always been the focus of engineering research.

The full-scale experiment has important practical significance for restoring the real subway tunnel fire results and determining its boundary conditions. However, the experimental cost of conducting full-scale interval tunnel fires is relatively high, and the period of each experiment is long and dangerous, so it is difficult to carry out large-scale full-scale experiments. In small-scale experiments, advanced measurement systems can be used to measure various physical parameters, and experiments under various complex working conditions can be repeated. Therefore, small-scale experiments can help reveal the nature of the problem in studying the mechanism and properties of fire smoke flow at a lower cost.

However, the common small-scale tunnel fire experimental platforms have some defects such as complex structure, difficult splicing, time-consuming construction, large space occupation, weak thermal insulation performance, weak high-temperature thermal insulation performance, and inconvenience for monitoring and observation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a small-size tunnel fire simulation test bench, which has simple structure, convenient installation, simple operation, low cost, safety and reliability, and environmental pollution. Small, high simulation degree of real tunnel fire scene, which can be used to study the combustion behavior and smoke behavior of fire in the tunnel, and has strong applicability; ceramic fiber fireproof board fireproof material is added inside the main body of the tunnel, and the front side plate It is fireproof glass, which is sealed and embedded in the glass frame and can be opened manually, which is equivalent to a manual door. The smoke exhaust port of the top plate is connected to the fan. There is a track on the bottom plate, and a trolley that can move on the track is placed on it. There is a simulated fire source in the middle of the trolley. , the fire situation at different locations can be observed, which makes the research on the smoke control and temperature distribution of the tunnel fire more convenient and safe.

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve.

A small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench is characterized in that it includes: a tunnel main body, a fire source device, a monitoring device and a smoke exhaust device; wherein, the tunnel main body includes a plurality of sub-tunnels welded in sequence, and the sub-tunnels in each section are The bottom end of the tunnel is provided with a base, and each sub-tunnel has a top plate, a bottom plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate, and part of the top plate is provided with a smoke exhaust port, and the smoke exhaust port is connected with the fan. A track is set on the bottom plate, and the fire source is arranged on a trolley on the track; the fire source device includes an alcohol bottle and a burner; wherein, the shape of the burner matches the shape of the trolley, and the burner The fuel is added into the interior of the tunnel through an alcohol bottle; the fire source device supplies fire into the tunnel body through the burner on the trolley; the monitoring device includes a camera, and the camera is located outside the tunnel body. The camera is used to observe the combustion of the fire in the tunnel body; the smoke exhaust device includes a frequency conversion fan and a smoke exhaust pipe, the frequency conversion fan is arranged at the left and right ends of the tunnel body, and the frequency conversion fan is used to adjust Wind speed in the tunnel body.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test system of the present invention, the main body of the tunnel is welded by multiple sub-tunnels, and the number of sub-tunnels can be selected according to actual needs, and then the length of the main body of the tunnel can be adjusted. As shown in Figure 1, the main body of the tunnel is welded by seven sub-tunnels with a length of 1.5m. The main body of the tunnel is 1m wide and 0.65m high, which can simulate a 1/15th small-scale subway tunnel. Two support bases are installed at the bottom end of each sub-tunnel. The support base is a four-sided stable support structure. The support base is attached to the tunnel wall by welding or bolts. The rear side plate of the tunnel main body is close to the tunnel wall. There is a smoke outlet on the center line of the roof of some sub-tunnels (the size of the smoke outlet is 30cm×30cm), and a variable frequency fan is installed at the smoke outlet for ventilation in the main body of the tunnel. The fire source is set on the burner on the trolley (the size of the burner is 15cm×15cm), the burner of the fire source device is ignited by the alcohol bottle that provides the fire source, and the fire is supplied into the main body of the tunnel. At the same time, according to actual needs, the burners of the ignition source device can be placed in different positions in the tunnel main body to observe the ignition points of different positions, the combustion behavior of the fire in the tunnel main body, and the smoke behavior. Both ends of the tunnel main body are longitudinal ventilation openings, and the ventilation openings at the right end are open. The longitudinal vents at both ends of the tunnel main body are used to study the control method of tunnel fire smoke. The burner can be ignited by the alcohol bottle that provides the ignition source to supply fire into the tunnel body. By adjusting the height of the burner extending into the main body of the tunnel, the height of the flame burning surface can be set according to the actual fire scene, which is convenient to imitate the fire scene of the real tunnel and restore the height. A plurality of cameras are arranged on one side and the right side of the front side plate of the tunnel body, and the combustion conditions in the tunnel body are recorded by the cameras. A variable frequency fan is spliced above the second sub-tunnel at the left end of the tunnel main body, and the longitudinal ventilation speed is changed by adjusting the frequency, so as to study the influence of longitudinal ventilation on the tunnel fire.

The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention is simple in structure, convenient in installation, and has a higher degree of simulation of the real tunnel fire scene, which is convenient for studying the influence of the location, height, wind speed, etc. of the ignition point on the fire in the main body of the tunnel. The monitoring device records the corresponding situation, which is convenient and intuitive.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test system of the present invention, the top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are integrally formed, with a thickness of 1.2 mm, and are formed by bending a whole piece of stainless steel plate, which has a simple structure, convenient installation, small occupied volume, and tightness. it is good.

Preferably, the top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are made of stainless steel, respectively, and a ceramic fiber fireproof board is sealed and pasted in the top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate, respectively; the front side plate is made of fireproof glass.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test system of the present invention, the top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are respectively made of stainless steel, and the top plate, the bottom plate and the rear side plate are respectively sealed and pasted with a 13mm thick ceramic fiber fireproof board. The ceramic fiber fireproof board is a kind of Excellent refractory material has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, small heat capacity, good thermal insulation performance, good high temperature thermal insulation performance, and non-toxicity. The front side plate is made of fire-resistant glass, with a thickness of 5mm, a length of 1.5m and a width of 0.65m. The glass material can be used for visual observation of experimental phenomena.

Preferably, the monitoring device further includes a laser sheet light source, the left end of the tunnel body is provided with a frequency conversion fan and the laser sheet light source in sequence from left to right, and the laser sheet light source is used to monitor the flue gas in the tunnel body Flow field.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention, the laser light source is used to monitor the flue gas flow field in the main body of the tunnel and observe the movement trajectory of the smoke layer.

Preferably, the monitoring device further comprises a thermocouple, the thermocouple is arranged in the tunnel body, and the thermocouple is used to monitor the temperature in the tunnel body.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention, a temperature detection hole is opened on the longitudinal center line of the top plate of each sub-tunnel, and a thermocouple extends into the main body of the tunnel 1-2 cm through the temperature detection hole, and the thermocouple measures the tunnel in real time. temperature inside the body.

Preferably, the monitoring device further includes a CO concentration detector, the CO concentration detector is disposed in the tunnel body, and the CO concentration detector is used to monitor the CO concentration in the tunnel body.

According to the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention, a concentration detection hole is opened on the longitudinal center line of the roof of each sub-tunnel, and the CO concentration detector extends into the main body of the tunnel 1-2 cm through the concentration detection hole. The device monitors the CO concentration in the main body of the tunnel in real time.

Preferably, it also includes a data acquisition instrument, the first signal input end of the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the signal output end of the thermocouple; the second signal input end of the data acquisition instrument is connected to the CO concentration detection The signal output terminal of the device is electrically connected.

According to the small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention, the data acquisition instrument is used to record the temperature information obtained by the thermocouple and the CO concentration information obtained by the CO concentration detector in real time, which is convenient and intuitive.

Preferably, a connecting pipe is also included, and the connecting pipe can be connected to a fine water mist nozzle, a dry powder nozzle, etc. to observe the fire extinguishing situation in the experiment.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the tunnel main body in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Fig. 2 neutron tunnel;

In the above picture: 1 sub-tunnel; 2 thermocouple; 3 CO concentration detector; 4 frequency conversion fan; 5 smoke exhaust pipe; 6 support base; 7 camera; 8 track; ; 13 burner; 14 lock; 15 fume hood; 16 tunnel frame; 17 glass frame; 18 fireproof glass; 19 left opening; 20 right opening; 21 smoke outlet; 22 laser beam source;

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

1-3, a small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a tunnel body, a fire source device, a monitoring device, and a smoke exhaust device; wherein the tunnel body includes The multiple sub-tunnels 1 welded in sequence, the bottom end of each sub-tunnel 1 is provided with a support seat 6, and each sub-tunnel 1 has a top plate 11, a bottom plate 12, a front side plate 9 and a rear side plate. Part of the top plate 11 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 21, and the bottom plate 12 is provided with a track; the fire source device includes a trolley 10, an alcohol bottle and a burner 13; wherein, the shape of the burner 13 is the same as that of the trolley 10. The fire source device supplies fire into the tunnel body through the burner on the trolley; the monitoring device includes a camera 7, the camera 7 is located outside the tunnel body, and the camera 7 Used to observe the combustion in the tunnel body; the smoke exhaust device includes a variable frequency fan 4 and a smoke exhaust pipe 5, the variable frequency fan 4 is arranged above part of the roof of the tunnel body, and the variable frequency fan 4 is used for The wind speed within the tunnel body is adjusted.

In the above embodiment, the tunnel main body is formed by welding multiple sub-tunnels 1, and the number of sub-tunnels 1 can be selected according to actual needs, so as to adjust the length of the tunnel main body. As shown in Figure 1, the main body of the tunnel is welded by 7 sub-tunnels 1 with a length of 1.5m. The main body of the tunnel is 1m wide and 0.65m high, which can simulate a 1/15 small-sized subway tunnel. The base 6 is installed independently under each sub-tunnel 1. The four pillars of the base 6 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the base 6 and are attached to the tunnel wall by welding or bolts. The rear side plate of the tunnel main body is close to the tunnel wall. A smoke outlet 21 (the size of the smoke outlet 21 is 30cm×30cm) is opened on the center line of the top plate 11 of some sub-tunnels 1, and a variable frequency fan is installed at the smoke outlet to adjust the wind speed in the main body of the tunnel. The bottom plate 12 in the tunnel is provided with a rail 8, and the trolley and the burner on the rail supply fire into the tunnel (the size of the burner 13 is 15cm×15cm). At the same time, the burner 13 and the trolley of the fire source device can be moved to different positions in the tunnel main body according to actual needs, so as to observe the ignition points of different positions, the combustion behavior of the fire in the tunnel main body, and the smoke behavior. The longitudinal vents 19 and 20 at both ends of the tunnel main body are used to study the control method of tunnel fire smoke. A plurality of cameras 7 are provided on one side and the right side of the front side plate 9 of the tunnel body, and the combustion conditions of the fire in the tunnel body are recorded by the cameras 7 . The second sub-tunnel 1 at the left end of the tunnel main body is spliced with a variable frequency fan 4, and the longitudinal ventilation speed is changed by adjusting the frequency, so as to study the influence of longitudinal ventilation on the tunnel fire.

The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench of the present invention is simple in structure, in terms of installation, and has a higher degree of simulation of the real tunnel fire scene, which is convenient for studying the influence of the location, height, wind speed, etc. of the ignition point on the fire in the main body of the tunnel. The monitoring device records the corresponding situation, which is convenient and intuitive.

1-3, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the top plate 11, the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate are integrally formed; the upper end of the front side plate 9 is hinged with the bottom plate 12, and the The upper end is connected to the top plate 11 through a lock 14 .

In the above embodiment, the top plate 11, the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate are integrally formed, with a thickness of 1.2 mm, and are formed by bending a whole piece of stainless steel plate.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the top plate 11 , the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate are made of stainless steel, respectively, and a ceramic fiber fireproof board is sealed and pasted in the top plate 11 , the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate respectively; the front side plate 9 is fireproof glass material.

In the above embodiment, the top plate 11, the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate are respectively made of stainless steel, and the top plate 11, the bottom plate 12 and the rear side plate are respectively sealed and pasted with a 6mm thick ceramic fiber fireproof board. The ceramic fiber fireproof board is an excellent Refractory material has the advantages of light weight, high temperature resistance, small heat capacity, good thermal insulation performance, good high temperature thermal insulation performance, and non-toxicity. The front side panel 9 is made of fire-resistant glass, and the front side panel 9 is made of glass with a thickness of 5mm, a length of 1.5m and a width of 0.65m for visual observation of experimental phenomena. A lock 14 is provided on the upper edge of the tunnel frame 16 of each sub-tunnel 1. When the lock 14 is opened, the fireproof glass 18 and the glass frame 17 can be rotated and opened from top to bottom, so as to prepare for the experiment before the main body of the tunnel, such as Arrangement of thermocouple 3, arrangement of CO concentration detector 2, etc. After completion, lift up the fireproof glass 18 and the glass frame 17, and then fasten with the lock 14.

1-2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device further includes a thermocouple 3, the thermocouple 3 is disposed in the tunnel body, and the thermocouple 3 is used to monitor the temperature in the tunnel body.

In the above embodiment, a temperature detection hole is opened on the longitudinal center line of the top plate 11 of each sub-tunnel 1, and the thermocouple 3 extends into the tunnel main body 1-2 cm through the temperature detection hole, and the thermocouple 3 measures the inside of the tunnel main body in real time. temperature conditions.

1-2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device further includes a CO concentration detector 2, the CO concentration detector 2 is disposed in the tunnel body, and the CO concentration detector 2 is used to monitor the tunnel CO concentration in the body.

In the above embodiment, a concentration detection hole is opened on the longitudinal centerline of the top plate 11 of each sub-tunnel 1, and the CO concentration detector 2 extends into the tunnel main body 1-2 cm through the concentration detection hole, and the CO concentration detector 2 passes through the concentration detection hole in real time. Monitor the CO concentration in the tunnel body.

1-2, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring device further includes a laser sheet light source 22, and the left end of the tunnel body is sequentially provided with a frequency conversion fan 4 and the laser sheet light source 22 from left to right. The laser sheet light source 22 is used to monitor the flue gas flow field in the tunnel body.

In the above embodiment, the laser sheet light source 22 is used to monitor the flue gas flow field in the main body of the tunnel and observe the movement trajectory of the flue gas layer.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a data acquisition instrument, the first signal input end of the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the signal output end of the thermocouple 3; the second signal input end of the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected to the signal output end of the thermocouple 3; The signal output end of the CO concentration detector 2 is electrically connected.

In the above embodiment, the data acquisition instrument is used to record the temperature information obtained by the thermocouple 3 and the CO concentration information obtained by the CO concentration detector 2 in real time, which is convenient and intuitive.

Referring to FIG. 2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention, it further includes a connecting pipe 23 , and the connecting pipe 23 is arranged at a middle position of the tunnel body.

In the above embodiment, the nozzle can be connected to a fine water mist nozzle, a dry powder nozzle, etc. to observe the fire extinguishing situation in the experiment.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with general description and specific embodiments in this specification, some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the claimed protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench is characterized in that, comprising: a tunnel main body, a fire source device, a monitoring device and a smoke exhaust device; Wherein, the left and right ends of the tunnel main body are provided with openings (19, 20), the tunnel main body includes a plurality of sub-tunnels (1) welded in sequence, and the bottom end of each sub-tunnel (1) is provided with a base (6), Each section of the sub-tunnel (1) has a top plate (11), a bottom plate (12), a front side plate (9) and a rear side plate, and a smoke exhaust port (21) is opened on part of the top plate (11). The smoke exhaust port (21) is connected with the variable frequency fan (4), a track (8) is provided on the bottom plate (12), and the fire source is arranged on a trolley (10) on the track; The fire source device comprises a trolley (10), an alcohol bottle and a burner (13); wherein, the shape of the burner (13) matches the shape of the trolley (10), and the burner (13) The fuel is put in through an alcohol bottle; the fire source device supplies fire into the tunnel body through the burner (13) on the trolley; The monitoring device comprises a camera (7), the camera (7) is located outside the tunnel body, and the camera (7) is used to observe the combustion of the fire in the tunnel body; The smoke exhaust device comprises a frequency conversion fan (4) and a smoke exhaust pipe (5), the frequency conversion fan (4) is arranged on the upper end of a part of the roof of the tunnel body and is connected to the smoke exhaust pipe (5). 4) Used to adjust the wind speed in the main body of the tunnel. There is a smoke exhaust valve on the exhaust pipe, which can adjust the angle between the blade and the horizontal plane between 0 and 90 degrees. When it is 0 degrees, it is in a closed state, and no smoke is exhausted at this time; when it is 90 degrees, it is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the exhaust is at this time. The amount of smoke is the largest; with the increase of the angle, the amount of smoke is also increased, so as to achieve the effect of controlling the amount of smoke. 2. The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1, wherein the top plate (11), the bottom plate (12) and the rear side plate are integrally formed; the lower end of the front side plate (9) is formed with the The bottom plate (12) is hinged, and the upper end of the front side plate (9) is connected with the top plate (11) through a lock (14). 3. The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 2, wherein the top plate (11), the bottom plate (12) and the rear side plate are respectively made of stainless steel, and the top plate (11), the bottom plate ( 12) A ceramic fiber fireproof board is sealed and pasted in the rear side board respectively; the front side board (9) is composed of a fireproof glass (18) sealed and embedded in a glass frame (17). The front side plate (9) can be rotated and opened from top to bottom, and is fastened by a lock (14) on the upper edge of the tunnel frame in a closed state. 4. The small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device further comprises a thermocouple (3), the thermocouple (3) is arranged in the tunnel body, and the thermocouple (3) Used to monitor the temperature in the tunnel body. 5. The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring device further comprises a CO concentration detector (2), and the CO concentration detector (2) is arranged in the tunnel main body, The CO concentration detector (2) is used to monitor the CO concentration in the tunnel body. 6 . The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1 , further comprising a data acquisition instrument, the first signal input end of the data acquisition instrument and the signal output end of the thermocouple ( 3 ) Electrical connection; the second signal input end of the data acquisition instrument is electrically connected with the signal output end of the CO concentration detector (2). 7. The smoke collecting device according to claim 1 is arranged outside the end of the simulated tunnel farther from the fire source, and comprises a smoke collecting hood (15) and a smoke exhaust pipe (5). 8 . The small-sized tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device further comprises a laser sheet light source ( 22 ), and a variable frequency fan ( 4) and the laser sheet light source (22), the laser sheet light source (22) is used for monitoring the flue gas flow field in the tunnel body. 9 . The small-scale tunnel fire simulation test bench according to claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device further comprises a connecting pipe ( 23 ), the connecting pipe ( 23 ) is arranged in the main body of the tunnel, and the connecting pipe ( 23 ) It can be connected to water mist nozzles, dry powder nozzles, etc. to observe the fire extinguishing situation.

Images